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About Bulletin (Monroe, Ga.) 1958-1962 | View Entire Issue (April 15, 1961)
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NEWS SERVICE) VATICAN CITY — The files of a century - old newspaper here recalled the daily news accounts of a tragedy suffered in the United States 100 years ago. The newspaper is the Vati can City’s L’Osservatore Ro mano and the tragedy was the Civil War. The centenary of the foundation of the former and the centenary of the be ginning of the latter will be marked in 1961 within months of each other. The Civil War began with the firing on Fort Sumter off Charleston, S. C., by confed erate shore batteries on April 12, 1861. Three months later, on July 1, the first copy of L’Osservatore Romano was issued. The year 1861 witnessed the tragedy of brother fighting against brother in both the United States and Italy. Troops from Piedmont in northern Italy had invaded the Papal States tow r ard the end of 1860 and annexed the papal provinces of the March es and Umbria. In the month prior to the firing on Fort Sumter the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed by the first Italian Parliament meeting at Turin on March 17, 1861, and Victor Emmanuel was declar ed the first king of Italy. The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in southern Italy was yet to be conquered and the re mainder of the Papal States to be annexed. Italian would fire upon Italian before this would come to pass, just as in the United States, American was firing upon American. There were Americans in Rome who received the news of the outbreak of the Civil War with great concern. The United States had diplomatic representation in Rome at the time with the title of Resident Minister. Gen. Rufus King, U. S. Minister in Rome, would have certainly received the news with greatest concern. There were also the priests and students at the newly opened North American Col lege. Three or four of the 38 students were Southerners. Doubtless they watched the small one or two paragraph wire dispatches on L’Osserva- tore’s back page that gave ac count of the war’s progress al most daily. But Father Wil liam McCloskey, rector of the college, insisted that the stu dents desist from all discussion of the war and its issues and that they confine themselves to prayers for peace. Father McCloskey’s worries were expressed shortly after the news reached Rome in his letter to Archbishop John B. Purcell of Cincinnati. “Where is it going to end?” he wrote. Civil War Nuns Memorialized of the Charleston fire or were told about it because one of them, Claudian Northrop, a Charlestonian, wrote to his brother about it. At this time also Bishop Patrick Lynch of Charleston was writing to his students in Rome. He wrote one letter to another Charleston seminarian, William Meriwether, giving some details on how the war was going and telling how one of Northrop’s brothers had been wounded in battle near Richmond. In that year of 1862 only one seminarian from the South, John Smith, entered the North American College. He dropped out of the seminary later, but how he got through the block ades to reach Italy remains a mystery to this day. An item in L’Osservatore on February 8, 1862, “Gen. MacClellan THE BULLETIN, April 15, 1961—PAGE 3 been sent specifically to France, Bishop Lynch’s special mission was to Rome. Bishop Lynch arrived in Rome in June, 1864. Although he was invited to take lodging at the North American College, he chose to lodge elsewhere, pos sibly mindful of the delicacy of his mission. Minister Rufus King in quired at the Vatican about Bishop Lynch’s presence in Rome and he was assured by the Vatican Secretary of State, Cardinal Giacomo Antonelli, that the Bishop was recog nized only in his ecclesiastical capacity. Prior to this Gen. Sherman, en May 5, 1864, had begun his march through Georgia, reported: I News of Sherman’s march in appeared the pages L’Osservatore coin- before a congressional com- cided with the arrival of Bish- mittee to explain the progress op Lynch in Rome. L’Osserva- of military operations. It is tore never gave it that name, rumored that he expressed “March through Georgia,” but confidence that the rebellion day by day it tallied the name will be smothered shortly.” and number of towns and vil- The war was to drag on for lages that were being deva- another three years of blood- stated and the Bishop must shed and destruction. have read the news with L’Osservatore’s news on anxiety. March 1 was that “the expedi- Hardly a year later L’Osser- tion of Gen. Burnside has vatore reported in its April 21. completely destroyed the Con- 1865, issue: “Grant announced federate fleet at Roanoke.” On by telegram that he believes March 26 it reported that “the Lee’s capitulation is immi- House of Representatives had nent.” adopted Lincoln’s project for Three days later the news the emancipation of the dated from New York, April slaves.” 13, wa s: “Lee has capitulated The entire front page of with his w hole army. Lincoln L’Osservatore on May 13 was has suspe nded the draft and dedicated to the 70th birthday the enlistment of volunteers, of Pope Pius IX. On the back Th e assassination of Presi- page of the same issue it car- dent L i nco in on April 14 was ried the news of the bombard- rep0 rted without editorial ment of New Orleans. comment on the front page of The issuance of the Emanci- L’Osservatore’s issue of April pation Proclamation of Sep- j 27, 1865. It read: Nuns Helping, the Wounded of the American Civil War (1861-65) is the subject of this stained glass window in the new Church of St. Brigid, Lexington, Mass. Among the first to answer President Lincoln’s initial call for 75,000 volun teers were Sister-nurses from 12 religious communities. Nearly 600 served throughout the war, and without pay. They attended the sick and wounded of both the Union and Confederate forces, in hospitals, troopships, prisons and emergency stations near battlefields. The centennial of the Civil War recalls the many tributes of praise heaped upon these Angels of Mercy. Boston Pilot photo. (NC Photos) tember 23, 1862, was given a three-line notice in L’Osserva tore’s issue of January 20, 1863. With a New York date line on January 3, it said: “A “London, April 15: Reuters Agency has it from New York that Lincoln was assassinated last night with a. pistol shot: he died this morning. An at- F™lr a H 0 A. WaS /“,“fl ed ( ^ tempt was also made against In any event he decided to ride out the storm and keep the students in Rome, since the difficulty of passing through the blockaded ports would make their return peril ous. The South’s victory at the Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) on July 21, 1861, gave its gov ernment confidence and put it in the position to invite foreign recognition and per haps eventual foreign aid, which it could see would be needed. Aware of this, the Union’s Secretary of State, William H. Seward, in Octo ber of that year asked Arch bishop John Hughes of New York to go to France to try to dissuade Napoleon III from giving support to the Confed eracy. The Archbishop accept ed only on condition that he be made no partisan to the struggle but go only as a pri vate citizen on a mission of PATTERSON FURNITURE CO. “Quality Furniture at Lower Prices” 3950 Buford Hwy. Opp. Skyland Shopping Center Browse through our beautiful home furnishings. Early American - Traditional - Contemporary Open every night til 9, Except Saturday ME, 6-7852 Appliances - Television peace. After France, Archbish op Hughes proceded to Rome and took lodging at the North American College during his stay. Fire broke out in Charles ton on December 11, 1861, de stroying along with a great part of the city both the cathe dral and the Bishop’s resi dence. The mews reached Rome with the dispatch in L’Osservatore which appeared January 8, 1862, saying: “The news is confirmed of a con siderable fire at Charleston: a great part of the city and its most important public build ings are destroyed.” Almost always these dis patches appeared on the last page under the heading of either “Direct Telegraph Dis patches” or “Latest News.” In the dispatches the Union forces were always called “the fed eralists” and the Confederate forces “the separatists.” Apparently the North Amer ican seminarians saw the news your Lump Sum Savings. • Set aside your accumulated cash funds with this specialized Savings Association where your money consistently earns higher-than-average earnings ... without worry, work or risk on your part. Every six months, you’ll receive a. check for the extra dollars your savings have earned. Open your account this week! (Liberal Dividend Rate — Insured by F. S. L. I. C.) Mutual Federal . Savings & Loan Association 205 AUBURN AVE., N. E. ATLANTA. GA. JACKSON 3-8282 Each Account Insured Up To $10,000.00 SAVE BY MAIL Lincoln which, declaring the states of the South rebellious, orders that all slaves inhabit ing those states are to be free.” The first inkling of Gettys burg reached Rome on July 16 when L’Osservatore reported that “the entire army of Lee is in Pennsylvania. More de tails were given in a later dis patch which said: “An encounter between the Confederates and Meade’s army has taken place at Gettysburg (spelled ‘Gettisbourg’). The Seward. He is not expected to survive “Lincoln was assassinated in a theater. The assassin, called Booth, killed him with a pistol shot from behind ... It is impossible to describe the ef fect produced on commercial affairs. Public opinion is struck with horror. The New York stock exchange is closed.” The first place on L’Osser vatore’s front page that day, however, was given to the an nouncement that “the Encycli- several days- I ca i and Syllabus of Pope Pius “Mead’s report counts much | TV R „ hppn damage: the number of the dead and wounded is consider able with many generals among them. The report an nounces that the Union has taken numerous prisoners and has maintained its positions The Confederates will not re new the battle. A message from Lincoln announces that news from Meade up until the evening of the third gives evi- f| dence of a great victory for | §? the Union forces.” Now Bishop Lynch of Charleston was commissioned by President Jefferson Davis of the Confederacy to call at the European courts to per suade public opinion in favor of the Southern states. Where as Archbishop Hughes had IX of December 8” had been printed and were available to the public. Father McCloskey upon re ceiving the news wrote to Bishop E. P. MacFarland of Hartford: “The Americans here are in mourning, the ladies wearing black, the gentlemen, crepe on the left arm.” Bishop Lynch of Charleston was still in Rome. With the surrender of the South he was caught in an embarrassing situation and was fearful of the consequences of his return to the United States. But a general pardon issued by Pres ident Andrew Johnson gave him courage. Returning by way of Paris, he took an oath of allegiance at the U. S. lega tion in Paris and set sail for New York. The struggle was over in the United States, but war was to continue in Italy for five more years. By 1867 the last of the war time Southern students at the North American College had returned to their home dio ceses, as one student wrote “to a country reduced to poverty and to a strange land.” In that same year, 1867, the U. S. Congress voted to dis continue funds to support the Rome legation and thus im plicitly suppressed it. Gen. King tendered his resignation on January 1, 1868. The dip lomatic mission was never again to be opened (Myron Taylor was the personal envoy of Presidents Roosevelt and Truman), though to this day the Annuario Pontificio, the Vatican’s official yearbook, lists the legation as “vacant.” The struggle in Italy reached its climax wtih the fall of Rome on September 20, 1870, and the city was annexed to a unified Italy the following Oc tober 2. Both nations, the United States and Italy, now set them selves to the long and arduous task of recovery. Out of the sufferings all would become stronger: the United States, Italy and the Church. And, paradoxically, the two leaders of the two losing sides, Pope Pius IX and General Robert E. Lee, would be admired by succeeding generations for their motivations and noble ness of conduct in defeat and would become heroes each in their own nations. Your safety on the highways is mostly in your hands—so aim to make the steering wheel of your car a life pre server. 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