Newspaper Page Text
“The ferment of a free, is preferable to the torpor of a despotic, Government.”
VOL. II.
ATHENS, GEORGIA, MARCH 30, 1833.
NO* IS*
JJoctr”
THE FARMER.
Sweet is the Fanner's sleep !
Sweet, if by toil he earns his bread;
He knows not half the c .res and dread
Which -pit to the weak man’s mind.
And make him watch and weep;
Rut casting sorrow to tho wind,
S„re: is tho Farmer’s sleep!
Refreshing are his dreams.
N'o totalizing scones of wealth,
;\jocit iiim. possessed ot ease and health;
He fears not murders, storms, nor fire.
The weak man’s mighty themes ;
But innocence and |>o >ce inspire
llis light and pleasant dreams.
And when the cheerful morn,
Ti e watchful cock proclaims .aloud,
Eight by Ids slumbers as a cloud,
Reflected by the noon-day sun,
On wings of iight is home;
No head-ache veils, in mantle dun,
The thriller's happy morn.
O ideas my sweet repose!
When toils invite my limlis to rest,
May no false horrors harm my rest,
Breathe thro’ my lips thy kindest dreams,
My willing eyelid.t close.
And as the Farmer’s seems,
Re such my sound repose.
NEW TARIFF BILL.
AN ACT to modify tho net of the 14th of
,Iu! , o io thousui 1 i Jit min imi aid tiiirt
two, and all other acts imposing duties oa im
ports
der root,nuts and berries used in dying, sati'ron,
tumeric, wood or pastel, aloes, ambergris, bur
gundy pitch, cochineal, camomile flowers, co
riander seed, catsup, chalk, coculus indicus,
horn plates for lanterns, ox horns and tips ;
India rubber, unmanufactured ivory, juniper
bftrrios, musk, nuts of all kinds, oil of juniper,
unmanufactured ratans and reeds, tortoise, shell
tin foil, shellac, vegetables used principally
n lying and composing dyes, weld, and all ar
ticles employed chiefly for dying, except alum
copperas, bichromate of potash, prussiate of
potash, chromate of potash, and nitrate of
lead, aqua fortis, and tartaric acid. And all
imposts on which the first section of this act
may operate, and all articles now admitted to
entry free from duty, or paying a less rate of
duty than twenty per centum ad valorem, be.
fore the said 30th day of June, one thousand
eight hundred and forty two, from au alter that
day may be admitted to entry subject to such
duty, not exceeding twenty per centum ad va
lorem, as shall be provided for by law.
Sec. 6. And be it further enacted, That so
much of the act of the fourteenth day of July,
1832, or of any other act. as is incon
sistent wi h this act, shall be, and the
s me is hereby repealed: Provided. That
othing herein c mtained shall be so constru
ed as to prevent the passage, prior or subse
quent to the said thirtieth day of June 1842,
of any act or acts, from time to time, that
may be necessary to detect, prevent or pu i-
ish evasions of th; duties on niq.or:? imposed
bv law, r:r.r tf prevent the passage of any*
I act, prior io the thirtieth day of June, one
thousand eight hundred nnd forty two, in the
contingency either of excess or deficiency of
revenue, altering the rate of duties on artic
les which, by the aforesaid act of the four
teenth day of July, oe thousand eight hun
dred and tiiirt two, are subject to a less rate
He it enacted, &c. That, from and after the of duty than twenty per centum ad valorem,
thousand * n suc ^ a manner as not to exceed that rate,
and so as to adjust the revenue to cither of
the said con'ingencies.
thirtv-first day of December, one
eight hundred and thirty three, in all cases
where the duties are imposed on foreign im
ports by the act of the fourteenth day of July
one thousand eight hundred and thirty two,
l entitled “An act to alter and amend the sev-
ral arts imposing duties on imports,” or by
any other act, shall exceed twenty per cent
um on the value thereof, one tenth part o
such excess shall he deducted ; from and
the defendant in such suit, or prosecution at
any time before trial, upon a petition to the
circuit court of the United States, in and for
the district in which the defendant shall have
been served with process, setting forth the
nature of said suit or prosecution, and verify
ing the said petition by affidavit, together with
a certificate signed by an attorney or counsel
lor at law of some court of record of the state
in which such suit shall have been commenc
ed, or of the United States, setting forth that,
as counsel for the petitioner, he has examined
the proceedings against him, and has careful
ly inquired into ail the matters set forth in the
p titioa, and that he believes the same.to be
true ; which ;>t tnion, aflidavit, and certificate,
shall be pres, nted to the said circuit court, if
in session, and if not, to the clerk thereof, at
his oliice, and shaii be hied in said office, and
the cause shall thereupon be entered on the
docket of said court, and shall be thereafter
proceeded in as a cause originally commenced
in that court; and it shall lie the duty of the
clerk of said court; if the suit were commenc
ed in the court below by summons, to issue a
writ of certiorari to the state court, requiring
said court to send to the said circuit court the
record and proceedings in said cause, or u it
were commenced by capias, he shall issue a
writ of habeas corpus cumcauss, a duplicate
of which said writ shn’l be delivered to the
clerk of the - * e-mrt, or left nt his office by
the marshal of the district, or his deputy, or
some person duly authorised thereto; and,
thereupon, it shall be the duty of the said state
court ,o stay all further proceedings in such
cause, and the said suit, or prosecution, upon
deliver of such process, or leaving the same
as aforesaid, shall he deemed and taken to he
moved to the said circuit court, and any fur
ther proceedings, trial or judgment therein in
the state court shall be wholly null and void.
And if the defendant in any such suit be in ac
tual custody on mesne process therein, it shall
be the duty of the marshal, by virtue of the
"Tit of habeas corpus cum causa, to take the
body of the defendant into his custody, to be
dealt with in said cause according to the rules
of law and the order of the circuit court, or of
oay judge thereof in vacation. And all at-
ca in i 'impress assembled, That whenever, by
reason of unlawful obstructions, combinations,
after the 31st day of December, one thoesaud I or assemblages of persons, it shall become
ei: hteeu hundred and thirty live, another I impracticable, in the judgment of the Pjcsi-
tentli part thereof shall he deducted ; from dent, to execute the revenue laws, ;uid collect
and after the thirty first day of December, the duties on imp-arts in the ordinary way,-in
one t ousund eight hundred and thirty seven, any collection district, it shall, and may, be
mother tenth part thereof shall he deducted; l lawful for the President to direct that the cus-
from and after the tuirty first day of Decern- tom-housc for such district be established and
her, one thousand eight hundred and thirty kept in any secure place within some jiort or
nine, another tenth part thereof shall be de- harbor of sucli district, either upon land or on
THE ENFORCING BILL.
An Act further to provide for the Collection
of Duties on Imports.
Be it enacted hi the Senate and House of
Representatives (f the United Stales o r Amcri-! t 'chments made .aid all hail and other securi
ty given upon such suit, or prosecution, shall
he and continue in like force and effect, «s if
the same suit or prosecution, had proceeded
any State where the jails are not allowed to
be used for the imprisonment of persons ar
rested or committed uuderthe laws of the U.
States, or where houses are not allowed to be
so used, it shall and may be lawful for any
marshal, under the direction of the Judge of
the United States for the proper district, to
use other convenient places, within the limits
of said State, and to make such other provis
ion as he may deem expedient and necessary
for that purpose.
Sec. 7. And be it further enacted* That ei
ther of the justices of the Supreme Court, or
a judge of any district court of the United
States, in addition to the authority already
conferred, bv law, shall have power to grant
writs of habeas corpus in all cases of a pris
oner or prisoners, in jail or confinement,
where he or they shall be committed or coni
fined oa, or by any authority or law, for any
act done, or omitted to be done, in pursu
ance of a law of the U. States, or any order,
process, or decree, of any Judge or court
thereof, any thing in any act of Congress
to the contrary notwithstanding. And if any
persons to w hom such writ of habeas corpus
may lie directed, shall refuse to obey the same
or snail neglect or refuse to make return, or
shall make a false return thereto, in addition
to the remedies already given by law, he or
they shall be deemed and taken to he guilty
of a misdemeanor, and shall, on conviction
before any court of competent jurisdiction, be
punished by fine, not exceeding one thousand
dollars, and by imprisonment, not exceeding
six months, or by either, according to the na
ture and aggravation of the case.
Sec. 8. And be it further enacted, That the
sever d provisions coat i ’ hi the first and
fifth sections, of this ct shall e in force until
the end of the next seas.... a. Congress, and
no longer.
A. STEVENSON,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
HU. L. WHITE,
President of the Senate pro tempore.
Approved, March 2d, 1833.
ANDREW JACKSON.
LIST OF ACTS
Passed at the Second Session of the Twcntj.
second Congress.
An act to explain an act, entitled “ an act
to reduce the duties on coffee, tea, and co
coa,” passed the twentieth of May, 1830.
An act to cstablisii a Land Office in the
to final judgment and execution in the state
court. And if, upon the removal of any such
suit or prosecution, it shall be m ale to appear j Territory of Michigan.
to tlie said circuit court that no copy of the An act to improve the condition of the
record and proceedings therein in the state non-commissioned officers and privates of the
court, can be obtained, it shall be lawful for said army and m .rine corps of the United States,
circuit court to allow and require the p 1 tintifi'! and to prevent desertion,
to proceed dc novo, and to file a declaration of; An act in aid of an act entitled “ an act
ducted ; and from and after the thirty first board any vessel; and, in that case, it shall j ^* s cause °t ncuon, andtne parties may there-
. i __ zi __ .1 • i . i I i .i _ c* ai. _ _ i» . _ • J _ * nnnn :>q in tiFlinnc r\n innllv
flay of December, one thousand oight hun-1 be the duty of the collector to reside at such j upon proceed as in actions ori.iually brought
dn a and forty one, one half of the residue of I place, and there to detain all vess -Is and car- j * n circuit court; and on failure of so pro
such excess shall be deducted ; and from and j goes arriving within the said district until the ceecing, judgment ot non pros, may be ron-
r.fterttho thiricth day of June, one thousand I ■•attics imposed oa said Cargoes, by law, be
eight Ini rlre i and foriy two, the other I paid, in cash, deducting interest according to
half thereof shall be deducted. I existing laws; and in such cases it shall be
Sec. 2. And be itfurlher enacted, That so unlawful to take the vessel or cargo from the
much ol'tiic second section of the act of the custody of the proper officer of the customs,
fourteenth of July aforesaid as fixes the rate unless by process from some court of the Uni-
of duty on ail mille t and fulled cloth, known ted States; and in case of any ittempt other
by the name of plains, kerseys, or Kendal wise to take such vessel or cargo by any force,
cottons, of which wool is the only material, or combination, or assemblage of persons too
the value thereof does not exceed thirty five great to be overcome by the officers of the
cents a square g ird, at five per centum ad va-1 customs, it shall a .d mav be lawful for the
for the relief of James Barnett.’
An act making appropriations for the En
gineer and Ordnance Departments.
An act authorising the commissioner of ‘ sident and Directors of the Georgetown
dered against the plaintiff with costs for the the General Land Office to issue patents to
defendant. persons therein named.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That' An act to authorise the county commis-
in any case in which any party is, or may be ! sioners for the county of Peoria, in the State
by law, entitled io copies of the record and of Illinois, to eater a fractional quarter soc-
proceedin .s in any suit or prosecution in any tion of land for a seat of justice and lor other
state court, to he used in any court of the Uni- purposes.
ted States, if the clerk of said state court shall An act ^ranting an additional quantity of
upon demand, and the payment or te .der of land for the location of revolutionary bounty
the legal fees, refuse or neglect to deliver to , land warrants.
such party, certified copies of such record and | An act to amend an act; entitled “an act
lorcm, shall be, and the same is hereby re-1 President of the United States, or such per- proceedings, the court of the United Statesiu j to alter and amend an act to set apart and
pealed. And the s fid articles shall lie sub-1 son or persons as he shall have empowered for '• which such record and proceedings may be j dispose of certain public lands lor the cncour-
ject to tne same duty of fifty per centum, as I that purpose, to employ such p rt of the land , needed, on proof, hv affidavit, that the clerk
is provided by the second section for otaer or naval forces, or militia, of the United States, °f said slat : court has refused or ueglecteJ to
manufactures of wool ; which duty shall be as may be deemed necessary for the purpose j deliver copies thereof, oo demand as aforesaid,
liable to the same deductions as are preseri- of preventing the removal of such vessel or I coay direct and allow such record to be suppli-
bed In the first seetin of this act. I cargo, and protecting the officers of the cus-! ct l !*>' affidavit or otherwise, as the circumstan-
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted,* That, I toms in retaining the custody thereof. ccs °f the case may require and allow ; and,
until the thirtieth day of June, one thousand 9fic. 2. And be it further enacted, that the ! thereupon, such proceeding, trial, and judg-
<ignl hundred and forty two, the duties imposed jurisdiction of the circuit courts of the cnent, may be had in the said court ot the Uni-
bv existing laws, as modified by this act, shall | U.fited States shall extend to all cases, tC( l States, and all such processes awarded,
remain and continue to be collected. And in law or equity, arising under the rove- 88 if certified copies of such records and pro-
froin and after the day last aforesaid, all du-1 nue laws of the United States, for which other cccdmgshad been regularly before the said
ties u(H)ii imports sli il> be collected in ready provisio.is are .o; already made by law ; and court.
money ; and all credits now allowed by law, if any person shall receive any injury to his | Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That
in the payment of duties, shall be, and here- person or property for or on account of any whenever the President of the United States
by are abolished ; and such duties shall be act by him done, under any law of the United sh.dl be officially informed, by the authorities
I laid lor the purpose of raising such revenue States, for the protection of the revenue or of any state, or by the judge of any circuit or
as may be necessary to an economical ad- the collection of duties on imports, lie shall be district court of the United States in the state,
l ministration of the Government and from | entitled to maintain suit for damage thereof in that, within the limits of such State, any law
agement of tiie cultivation of the vine and ol
ive,” approved 19th Feb. 1831.
An act for the purchase of certain copies
of Watterson and Vanzandt’s Statistical Ta
bles, and to authorise a subscription for the
continuation of the same.
An act to secure to mechanics and others
payment for labour Hone, and materials fur
nished in the erection of buildings in the Dis
trict of Columbia.
An act for the construction of a road from
the Mississippi river to William Strong’s on
the St. Francis, in the Territory of Arkansas.
An act for making appropriations, in part
for the support of government for the year
1832, and for certain expenditures of the year
1832.
An act in addition to the act for the grad
and after the day last aforesaid, the duties re- the circuit court of the United States in the or laws of the United States, or the execution ual improvement of the navy of the United
Icuhvu to be paid h. law on goods, wares and j district wherein the party doing the injury thereof, Or of any process from the courts of
merchandise, shall b; assessed upon the val-1 may reside, or shall be f< und. And all pro
Ec thereof at the port where the same slndl be perty taken or detained by any officer or oth-
entered, under such regulations as shall lie I er person under authority of any revenue law
prescribed by law, I of the United States,shall be irrepleviable, and
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That in shall be deemed to be in the custody of the
addition to the articles now exempted by the law, and subject only to the orders and de-
act ot the fourteenth of July, o ae thousand I crees of the courts of the United States hav-
cight hundred and thirty two, aqd the existing J ing jurisdiction thereof. And if any person
the United States, is obstructed by the em
ployment of military force or by any other
unlawful means, too great to be overcome by
the ordinary course of judicial proceeding, or
by the powers vested in the marshal by ex
isting laws, it shall be lawful for him, the
President of the United States, forthwith to
issue his proclamation, declaring such fact or
laws, from the payment of duties, the follow, sh ill dispossess or rescue, or attempt to dis- i information, uud requiring all such military
ing articles imported from and after the thirty possess or rescue, any property so taken or 1 and other force forthwith to disperse; and if
first day ot December, o ic thousand eight detained .is aforesaid, or shall aid or assist | at any time after issuing such proclamation,
hundred and thirty three, and until the' thirti- therein, such person shaft be deemed guilty of : any such opposition or obstruction shall be
cthday ot June,one thousand eight hundred and I a misdemeanor, md shall be liable to such j made, in the manner or by the means afore-
fort. two sha also he admitted to entry, free punishment as is provided by the twenty-sec- said, the President shall be, and hereby is,
from dui to . t-bleached md unbleached ond section of the act for the punishment of authorized, promptly to employ such means
linens, table Uaen, linen napkins, and linen | certain crimes against the U aited States, ap- to execute the same,and to cause the said laws
camlwicks, and worsted stuff goods, shawls, proved the thirtieth day of April, anno Domini or process to be duly executed, us are author-
ana other manufactures oi silk and worsted, one thousand seven hundred and ninety, for ized and provided in the cases therein men-
the wilful obstruction or resistance of officers tioned by the act of the twenty-eiguth of Feb-
in the service of process. j ruary, one thousand seven hundred and nine-
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That; ty-five, entitled “ An act to provide lor call-
in any case where suit or prosecution shall ; ing forth the militia to execute the laws of
be commenced in a court of any State against I the Union, suppress insurrections, repel inva.
any officer of the United States, or other per- sions, and to repeal the act now in force for
son, for or on account of any act done ! that purpose;” and also, by the act of the third
under the'revenue laws of the United States, or J of March, one thousand eight hundred and
undercolor thereof or for or on account of any I seven, entitled “ An act authorizing the em-
right, authority, or title, set up or claimed by ! ployment of the land and naval forces of the
such officer, or other person, u.ider any such j United State in cases of insurrection.”
law of the United States, it shall be lawful for I Sec. 6. And be it further enacted, That in
manufrcturcs of silk, or of which silk shall be
the component material of chief value, coming
from til’s side of the Cape of Good Hope, ex-
| cept sewing silk.
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That,
[from and after the said thirtieth day of June,
loni thousand eight hundred and forty two, the
I following articles shall be admitted to entry
Jfrec from duty, to wit: indigo, quicksilver,
flsulpliur, crude saltpetre, grindstones, refined
ibor;,\, emery, opium, tin in plates and sheets,
leuni arabic,gum Senegal,lac dye,madder, mad.
States.
An act malting appropriations for carry-
ing on the fortifications of the United States
during the year 1833.
An act amendatory to an act, entitled an
act for the relief of Robert C. Jennings, and
of the executors of James Roddy, deceased.
An act making appropriations for the Indi
an department for the year 1833.
An act for the further improvement of Penn
sylvania Avenue.
An act to authorise the laying out and con
structing a road from Line creek to the Chat-
tahooclue, and for repairing the road oh which
the idail is now transported.
An act for the payment of horses and arms
lost in the military service of the United
States against the Indians on the frontiers of
Illinois and the Michigan territory.
An act to change the names of William
B. Finch, and Elizabeth B. Finch, to that of
William Compton Bolton and Elizabeth Bol
ton.
An act to amend an act entitled “an act to
grant a quantity of laud to the State of Illin
ois, for the purpose’of aiding in opening a ca
nal to connect the waters of Illinois river
with those of Lake Michigan, and to allow
further time to the State of Ohio for commen
cing the Miami Canal from Dayton to Lake
Erie.
An act prescribing the mode by which pa
tents for public lands shall bo signed and exe
cuted.
An act to authorise the President of the U.
States to cause the public surveys to be con
nected with the line of demarcation between
the State of Indiana and Illinois.
A,n act to explain and amend the 17th and
18th sections of “an act to alter and amend
the several acts imposing duties on imports,”
approved 14th July, 1832. ' ■
An act to incorporate the Georgetown Free
School and Orphan Asylum, in the District
of Columbia.
An act to improve* the navigation of the
Potomac river between Georgetown and Al
exandria, and for other purposes.
An act suplementul to “an act for the re
lief of Alexander Claxton,” passed on tiie 28th
day of May, 1830.
An act further to extend the powers ofthc
board of Canal Commissioners for the im
provement of the Tennessee River, in * the
State of Alabama.
An act making provision for the publication
of the Documentary History of the-Am ;ric.u»
Revolution.
An act furt er to provide for the collection
of duties o,. imports. [This is what has been
called “ the Revenue Collection Bid.”]
An act to revive the act entitled “ an act
suplemcntary to the several laws for the sale
of public lands.”
An act declaring the assent of Congress
to an act of the General Assembly of the State
of Virginia, hereinafter recited.
An act for improving the navigation of cer
tain rivero in the Territories of Florida aid
Michigan and for surveys, and for other pur
poses.
An act establishing a part of entry and de-
livery at the village of Fall River, in Massa
chusetts, and discontinuing the office at Deigh-
ton.
An act making .appropriations to carry into
effect certain Indian treaties, and for other
purposes, for the year 1833.
An act to create sundry new land offices
and to .dter the boundaries of other land offi
ces of the U. Suites.
An act making appropriations for Indian
annuities and other similar objects for the year
1833.
An act further to extend the time for enters
ing certain donation claims to land in the Ter
ritory of Arkansas.
An ac' to modify the act of the 14th- July,
1832, .md all other acts imposing duties oa
imports. [This is Mr. Clay’s bill.]
An act making appropriations for the revo
lutionary and other pensioners of the U
States, for the year 1833.
An act for the more perfect defence of the
frontiers.
An act granting certain city lots to the Pre-
Col-
lege, ia the District of Columbia.
An act supplemental to the act entitled “ an
act for the final adjustment of land claims in
Missouri.”
An act to authorise the legislature of the
State of Ohio to sell the land reserved for
the .support of reli iou, in the Oliio Compa
ny’s and John Cloves Symines’s purchase.
An act making appropriations for the naval
service for the year 1833.
An act making appropriations for the erec.
tion of certain fortifications.
An act in relation to the Potomac Bridge.
An act making appropri itions for the civil
and diplomatic expenses of Government for
the year 1833.
An act to amend an act, entitled “ an act
suplementury to the act for the relief of Cer
tain surviving officers and soldiers of the rev
olution.”
An ac* authorizing the removal of the of
fice of Surveyor General of Public Lauds
south of Tennessee.
An act making appropriation for the sup
port of the anny lor the year 1833.
An act supplementary to an act eutitled
“ an act concerning' a Seminary of learning
in the Territory of Arkansas,” approVed 2d
March, 1827.
An act to authorize the issuing of a patent
or patents to Samuel H. 11.
i An act in additio to, and in alteration of
j an act entitled « an act vesting in the Copora-
tion of the City of Washington all the rights
ofthc Washington Canal Company, and for
other purposes.
An act to authorize the President of the
United States to exchange certain lands be
longing to the Navy Yard at Brooklyn for
other lands contiguous thereto.
An act making appropriations for carrying
on certain works heretofore commenced for
the improvement of Harbors and Rivers, and
also for continuing and repairing tho Cumber,
land Road, and certain Territorial Roads.
An act to establish a town at St. Marks,
in’ Florida.
An act making appropriations for the Pub
lic Buidiogs and for other purposes.
An act authorizing an alteration in the elec*
tion districts for members of the Legislative
Council of the Territory of Micliigan.
An act prolonging the second session of
the 5th Legislative Council of the Territory
of Michigan. .
An act to authorize the Governor of the
Territory' of Arkansas to sell the land grant
ed to the siid Territory by an act of Con
gress approved the 15th June, 1832, and for
Other purposes. <
An act to carry into effect the Convention
between the United States and his Majesty
the King of the Two Sicilies, concluded- at
Naples t il the 14 h day of October, 1832.
An icttoext n the prev. sions of the rt
oi’t'ie 3d of March, 1897, entitled an “act o
prevent s -t !cm uts being made on lands c
ded to the U S ates, until authorized bv law.”'
An act to explain and ameud the act to -
ter and amend the several acts imposing dn.
ties on imports, passed July 14,1832, so f. r
as relates to hardware, and certain mttnufa".
tures of copper and brass, and otli’cr arti
cles.
An act for the relief of the widows ;md» or
phans of the officers and seamen win r,
lost in the United States sclir. the S
RESOLUTIONS.
A resolution in relation to the e:-:-; - -
the act supplementary to the act for
of certain surviving officers and sol ■ ■
Revolution.
A resolution to place thirty copie
diplomatic Correspondence of th
r volution at the disposal of 8 - '
State.
A resolution for the relief o :<•? .
ers of vessels sunk for the defence i
uore.
Resolution authorizing the deliver, of
tain papers in the department ot Stat.- to c
Comraissio era for settling claims under v,
treaty with France, of the 2d February, 1832.
Resolution providing for the continuation
.of Gales &Se ton’s Compilation of St-.to ;
pers.
Resolution authorizing the Secretary of
War to correct certain mistakes.
SPEECH OF MR. RIVES,
OF VIRGINIA,
In the Senate of the United States, Feb. 14,
On the Bill j urthcr to provide for the. Collection
of Duties on Imports. *
Mr. President—Stranger as I am in this
body, and now almost a stranger in my o\\ <
country, though in spirit and affection item r
separated from it, I feel that f owe an apolo
gy to the Senate, for obtruding myself at all
upon its attention. Sir, I do it with great re
luctance, and with a deep sense of the disad
vantages under which I labor. Most of the
questions involved in the discussio.. of the
bill now under corisi ier.-tion, have sprung up
during the period of my absence from the
^country, and the Si.ort interval which 1ms
elapsed since mv return, has uffor >-d tne nei
ther the time nor the opportunity for a detail
ed examination of them. 1' bri:u to them,
thereiore, no other resources ot argument or
illustration, than those settled principles and
fundamental notions which are rooted m the
mind of every American ciiizcn, in regard to
-the constitution of his country.
Sir, the questions now to be settled arc of
the deepest import to the destinies of this coun
try. They touch not the construction of this
or that clause of the Constitution only. They
go to the whole frame and structure of the
Government, and the Vital principle of its ex
istence. Sir, I should be recreant to my du
ty on this floor as the representative of a
State, which, under Providence, had the chief
agency in the establishme t of this happy sys
tem ofGovenunentjif 1 did not at tempt,however
feeble, the expression of my views oa such an
occasion.
I am impelled to this expression, Mr. Pres,
ident, by aaottter consideration. It is my
mistbrt ii.e to differ from my worthy and hon
orable colleague, as well as from other hon
orable Senators comini from the same quar
ter of the Union .is myself, in several of the
views I have tokeu of this subject. It is due
to them as well as to myself, -and those whom
we represent, that the ’ grounds of this differ
ence of opinion should be stated and expl ail
ed. And, in order to preclude all misappre
hension, I beg leave to say, in tiie oatset, that
no one is, or inis been, more thoroughly op
posed to that whole system of policy usually
denominated the American system, than I
have been, and still am. My voice, Sir, has
been often and strenuously, however ineffect
ually, raised against it in another division of
this capitol. I consider it unjust in principle,
inexpedient in practice, oppressive and une
qual in its operation—in snort, an abuse of
power contrary to tho true genius ot our insti
tutions.
But, Sir, what is entitled to far more con-'
sideratio , the State which I have the honor
in part to represent, has repeatedly and strong
ly protested against this system; and it is but
yesterday that her Legislature earnestly re
newed herappeal to-the councils of the Nation
so to modify the system, as to remove the
just causes of complaint which had arisen
against it. Sir, tins appeal, and similar ap
peals which have emanated from the Legis
latures of other states, fortified by all those
high considerations of patriotism, policy, and
justice, which the crisis .suggests, cannot fail
to have their proper effect. There is eveiy
reason to believe that tins distracting question
will be settled, and speedily and satisfactorily
settled, as it ought to be. But uotwitastand-^
ing these grounds of hope, one of the states
of the Union has rashly undertaken to redress
her griefs by a ior.uai abrogation of the laws
of tiie United States witiiin her limits. She
has decl .red the whole senes of revenue laws,
irom the origin of the <iov .(roment to the pre
sent day, to be null and void; has prohibited
their execution within her borders, under high
penalties, and has or' .Lied various other
measures, with the express view of defeating
and arresting their operation.
In this state of things we are called upon to
say if the Government of the United State#
shall acquiesce in this open defiance and vfo-
lation of -the laws of the Union, without tak-
