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MR. FORSYTH’S SPEECH,
In Senate, February 25th, 1833.
debate on mh. clay’s tariff bill.
Mr. Forsyth said—one thing had been con-
- -ciuBtvely established by the discussion, that
the bill was bad. It was taken by all, not
as good in itself, but as probably good in its
effects.. He voted forit with all its imperfec
tions on its head, relying upon the declare-
tions of those who ought to know that it would
put an end to the distractions of South Caro
lina! He would have voted for it with pleas
ure as somewhat better than the act of 1832,
if the second section had been expunged; as
it was, he did it reluctantly, confiding in the
disposition of his fellow citizens to bear with.
Out complaint their portion of the. additional
hurden of $144,000 for the ensuing year, as
their irritated neighbors were willing to en
dure yet a larger part.
* The Senator from Massachusetts had re-
peated to-day a question he asked some days
since. How could those who should vote for
this bill attempt hhrdafter to modify or repeal
it, in the face of the pledges upon it ? Mr.
. Forsyth had no difficulty in giving- a distinct
and satisfactory answer to this enquiry.
Those who voted for, were no more bound to
. regard the law, (and it would be nothing more,)
as sacred, than those who voted against .it. It
was to be obeyed while it existed, but was
changeable like all other laws, the follies en-
grafted upon it to the contrary notwithstand-
iqg. The idea of pledges was every where
- given up. How far the circumstances under
1 which it was passed gave firmness and endu
rance to its provisions, was another affair;
That was for !he people to judge j for him-
self,he considered himself as totally uncommit,
tedto enaureitasinglemoment beyendthe time
it should be of public benefit. Had any scruple
been felt on this point, it must have b een removed
7|| by the declarations of the Senators from Ken-
tucky(Mr. Clay)and Delaware (Mr. Clayton.)
They had- openly anticipated a better and
more effectual bill of protection within the
nine years, founded on a looked for change of
public opinion in the Western States. Mr.
Forsyth anticipated a further modification, if
. not q complete abandonment of the protective
(system, from -a progressive and progressing
change of public opinion in the Western,
Middle and Eastern States.
Mr. Forsyth congratulated himseir that a
few days of reflection had shown that the
I
■ -v
suggestions he had thrown out when the Sen.
ator from Kentucky (Mr. Clay,) asked leave
to introduce the bilk ami for which he had
been somewhat fiercely assailed from all quar
ters, were not entirely so unreasonable and
anti-paCific as they had been denominated;
The validity of the constitutional objection
had Been substantially conceded. The Sen
ate, too, to save-time, had waited for the bill
from the House of Representatives, and it was
now admitted that to wait for the next Con
gress to settle this vexed question, would be a
losing game to the manufacturers. The Sen
ator from Kentucky says he saw the torch
about to be applied to bis favorite system, and
he seeks to snatch it away. He did more ;
he demonstrated that it was in imminent per-
i!> Mr. F. recommended to the Senator
from Maine, [Mr. Sprague,] who had rushed
upon him with so much knightly fury for ex
pressing this opinion some, days since, to
couch his lance and charge upon the Senator
from Kentucky, whose crime was certainly
the greater, as lie had taken the trouble to
prove what Mr. Forsyth had only asserted.
The Senator from Massarhucetts has spo
ken of the absurdities of the bill very truly.
Theif are itumcrous and inevitable. Mr. F.
had endeavored to remove them, not succee
ding, he was contented to take them for the
sake of peace, although certainly not a little
surprisedPthat they were deemed necessary or
sufficient to secure peace. Had the reduction
of duties in*thc time specified been alone in
sisted on, all would have been well-—introdu-
ciug the pros and cons necessarity begat con
fusion and contradiction. Fire and water
united produce smoke—oil and vinegar sha
ken into union produce air bubbles—directly
opposite political or politico-cconomieal opin
ions acted upon in concert produce absurdity.
The moderate men of both parties have not
United to arrange this question. They are
not numerous enough at present to ‘ effect it.
But the fire and sword opposers of the tariff
"Wave entered, into negociation with the plun-
dcrersof the South. • The, robbers and the
Tebelshad made terms together. F. in
using this language, begged to be understood
as 8peakingof the parties not as he thought of
"them, but as they spoke of one another.] The
question was, how much black mail was to be
pajd to the Caterans, and for how long, for
the contingent promise of future immunity
from their predatory inroads. . Both parties
must have ground to stand upon for defence
before Itheir respective adherents. Hence
the contradictions of the. bill. In one point
of vie wit was all protection—protection, the
right of plunder, admitted by the payment of
security money falling as low as 20 per cent,
and there to stand forever. In an other it
was all free trade and sailor’s rights the rev
enue being to be reduced to'the wants of an
economical administration of the government,
in 1842. Both sides admit that all this is to
depend upon contingencies oyer which we
have no controlling power, but here is the ba
sis of argument on both sides, and each imay
claim a triumph, and support the claim, quo
ting the bill as a compromise. Mr. F. did
not think that either side could safely ciy out
with crooked back Richard—
ion was of any value, Mr. F. would not with
hold it. He thought the highlanders had made
the best of the bargain.
The Senator .from South Carolina, [Mr.
Calhoun,] had introduced again the topic of
the bill passed a few days since in the Senate
and now just passed in the House of Repre
sentatives-—the bloody bill—the bill to repeal
the Constitution. Mr. F. regretted to hear
that Senator introduce* again that topic, he
had been heard on it before at large with in
dulgence, and .all the attention due to his
character and the peculiar position in which
he stood. This ought to have satisfied him.
If cannot have escaped the Senator’s obser
vation that oh this subject he is struggling
against public opinion. Mr. F. would not add
any thing to what he had said when the bill
was discussed. But there was one remark
made by the Senator, which was almost ex
clusively. applicable to himself and his friend
from Virginia, on the other side of the Cham
ber, [Mr. Rives.] The Senator, said, no one
who valued his reputation for candor, could
deny that that bill was a violation of the Con-
stitution, if he admitted that the Constitution
was founded on compact—Now, Mr. F. said,
we [Mr. Rives, and himself,] adimit that the
Constitution is founded on a compact between
the people of the States for themselves, and
for their States. We are the only persons
expressing that opinion, who have partici
pated in the discussion and voted for the bill.
[Mr. Calhoun interposed and said, he ho
ped the Senator from Georgia would take his
whole proposition between the States as sep
arate, independent communities, and still sub.
sistiog as independent communities united by
compact.] ‘ , . •
Mr. F. stud, he did not understand the re
mark to have been so qualified. It was not
important, however, to enter into the opinion
in detail. He had expressed and he now re
peated his conviction, for.which he claimed
all the credit for sincerity due to that, expres
sed by the gentleman from South Carolina,
that the bill passed by the two Houses was
constitutional and expedient. He knew well
he was to be assailed on that ground, and was
quite ready to meet the assault. Standing
alone more than once before his constituents,
he had never failed to receive a patient hear-
ing, and never was or would be deserted by
them while he was sustained by reason and
justice. Mr. F. heard with pleasure that the
Tariff was to be no longer discussed ; that
the bloody bill was to take its place as the bat
tle word iu the next Southern campaign. The
old subject was threadbare as a matter, of dis
pute; a pretty quarrel enough until it was
spoiled by the late explanation. It was now
time to look for something new, and the ' bill
“ to repeal the'Constitution” might serve for
a term until something better offered. Mr. F.
rejoiced to hear that the contest was to be
bloodless; there was to be no force. Paper
bullets of the brain were to be substituted for
musket balls : the cannons of the press for the
cannon ofthe artillerist, steel pens for steel bay.
onets; and - the cartouch box was to be thrown
aside fore ver.while we are to stick to what should
never have been abandoned, the great panacea
for all our political evils, the ballot box. With
this change in the mode and material of war, the
Republic was safe. To the end of the con
test Mr. F. looked with a confidence propor
tioned to his knowledge of the enlightened
people who were to award the palm of victory.
Mr. F. could not refrain from addressing a
few words to those of his Southern friends,
\vho were so censorious during the past year
•ofhis vote against the indefinite postponement
of the bill of 1832. He was accused of
abandoning his opposition to the principle of
protection. He surrendered, they maintain
ed, this principle, and yet now at this day his
honorable friends were about to vote with turn
for this bill, confessedly a bill of protection
(protection its great and only end) for nine,
years. Admit 1 he right to protect for ari hour,
hud theoretically and practically it is admit
ting it forever. The amount of protective du-
ty is also unimportant to the principle. A
duty of 20- per cent, not for revenue but pro
tection, is.an abandonment of opposition to the
principle as complete as a duty of one hun.
dred. Mr. F. referred to this matter with no
feeling of resentment to those who had differ
ed with him, or of gratification at their chang.
ed position, simply to satisfy those who were
disposed to condemn him, that they had not
done him justice. They act now as he had ac
ted then. They make the most of the cir.
cumstances of the hour ; are willing to ad
mit some evil, that greater evil may not fall
upon us.
So far as his opin- spots distinguished by the happening of some
great event, or risen .an memorials.of the once
active virtues of departed worth.. Frail man
is ever apt to forget the past, and seek new
hope of pleasure in the future. He seldom
learns from the experience of others the
menus of attaining what he aims at, and too
often stumbles over a new unbroken tract,
unmindful of the brightest objects by which
he might trace his road t»-> those distinctions,
after which natural desir^,y>o ardently, tofts.
Hence enlightened posterity canonize the
fame of their ancestors by emblems the most
unfading their minds can devise, or their pow
ers execute. Such is our constitution, that
the strongest appeal to , our better feelings,
is through the medium of our grosser facul
ties. •>y-' .
Thus monuments are lasting incentives
with those who view them, to imitate the vir-
tues they commemorate, and attain, t by their
life and spirit, glory and honor. Nations
share in the Simmon sympathies of nature,
and participate in all the honors heaped upon
their *mighty dead.' In looking upon this
monument, (raised chiefly by the munificence
of a patriotic individual,) the citizens of these
States will remember that they are brothers.
They will remember that here lie the ashes
ofthe Mother, of “ the Father ofhis Country.”,
They will acknowledge, too, this just jtrib.
utetothe merits of her, Who, early deprived-'
of the support of her consort, encouraged and
fostered by precept and example, the dawn-'
i.ig virtues of her illustrious Son, and nurtured
into maturity ’ those noble faculties, which
were the ornament and glory of* her waning
years. . .
They will acknowledge the hallowed char
acter of this romantic spot, ever to be re-
membered as the place chosen for her private
devotions; the spot to which she often led
her offspring, and pointed fo the order and
beauty ofthe works of nature here so emi
nently displayed, taught their youthful minds
to contemplate the power and' benevolence
ofthe great author of their being. . Here she
taught tho attributes of God, that to him, qs
their Creator, all praise belonged—that to
glorify him was the object.of their creation,
and to this end their every , pner^y should be
devoted.. Here she, askqd a^a dying request,
that her mortal remains mig^t rest. Hallow,
ed be this wish—Sacred this spot—lasting as
time this monument—Let us cherish the re
membrance of this hour—Let us carry with
us hence, engraved on our hearts, the memo,
ry of her, who is interred. Her fortitude,
her piety, her every grace of life, her sweet
peace iu death, through her sure hope of a
blessed immortality. ' '
“Now are our brows bound with victorious wreaths:
Now is tho winter of our discontent
Made gloriotts summer by this sun of York;
And all the clouds thatlow’red upon our'House,
In the deep bosom ef the ocean buried.,,
But if they could, the sound would be more
pleasing to his ear than the trumpet call for
one hundred thousand bayonets to reduce the
rebellious spirits of the South, or the war erv
of the gallant general to extract a promise
from his inflamed auditors to follow him “to
General intelligence*
■ address
Of Gect. W. Bassett, Chairman ofthe Mon
umental committee, to tho President of the
United States, upon the occasion of laying
the Corner Stone of the Monument to the
Mother of Washington, in the vicinity of
Fredericksburg, (Va.) May 7th, 1833.
In the name of the Monumental Commit
tee, I present you, General, the plate which
is intended to distinguish that stone (just ad
justed by the Master of the Lodge,)'as the
corner stone of . this pile. I am happy, Sir,
that he, who has defended ,his country’s
rights, when periled in the cause of freedom
her cities, when the haughty foe, confident
of success, pressed eagerly to seize their beau,
ty and their booty ; has bled for her, risked
life, fortune and honor in her cause, Jts here
to add to the hpnors of this occasion- Who
to meet to make a pilgrimage to this shrine
of hallowed relicks? Who so fit to seal the
stone which crowns the corner of s, monu
ment to the Mother of Washington, as he who
now occupies that exalted station, first filled
by the son of that Mother.
Let the occasion, General, and its circum
stances, excuse this, while we turn to remark
more immediately on the object of our pres
ent regard. If we look to the page of history,
or survey the earth, we see monuments have
in every age, in every dime, marked those
THE PRESIDENT’S REPLY.fr
Sir—To you, and to your colleagdes of
the Monumental Committee, I return my ac
knowledgements for the kind sentiments you
have expressed towards me, and for the flat-
tering terms in which they have been convey,
ed. I cannot but feel tbit I am indebted to
your partiality, and not to any services of
my own, for the warm hearted reception you
have given me. On this occasion as well as
on many others, in the course of a life now
drawing towards a close, I have found the
confidence and attachment of my country,
men as far beyond my merits as my expecta
tions. .
We are assembled, fellow-citizens;to wit
ness and to assistin aa interesting ceremony.
Mote titan a century has passed away, since
she to whom this tribute of respect is about
to be paid, entered upon the .active scenes of
life. A century fertile in wonderful events,
and in distinguished men who have participa
ted in them. Of these events, our country
has furnished her full share; of these distin
guished men, she has produced' a Washing
ton. If he was “ first in war, first in peace,
and first in the hearts of his countrymen,”
we may say, without the imputation of nation,
ti vanity, that, if not the first, he was in the
very front rank of those .todfew ,fojieed, upon
whose career mankind. :can look back
without regret,and whose memory and .exam
ple will furnish themes of eulogy for the pa.
triot, wherever free institutions are honored
and maintained. His was no false glory, de-
riving its lustre from the glare of splendid and
destructive actions, commencing in profes-
sions of attachment to his country, and termi
nating in the subversion of. her freedom.—
Far different is the radiance which surrounds
his name and fame. . It shines mildly, and
equally, and guides the philanthropist and citi
zen in the path of duty—and it will guide
them long after those false lights, which have
attracted too much attention, shall have been
extinguished in darkness.
_ In the grave befor,e us lie the remains of
his mother. Long has it been unmarked by
any monumental tablet but not unhonored.
You have undertaken the pious duty of erect,
ing a column to her memory, and of inscri-
bing upon it the simple, but affecting words;
“ Mary, the mother of Washington.”
No eulogy could be higher, and it appeals to
to the heart of every American.
These memorials of affection and gratitude
are consecrated by the practice, of all ages
and nations. They are-tributes of respect
to the dead, but they convey practical lessons
of virtue and wisdom to the living. S The mo
ther and son are beyond the reach of human
applause. But the bright example of paren
tal and filial excellence, which their conduct
furnishes, cannot but produce. 1 the most salu
tary effects upon our countrymen. Let their
example be ’ before us, from the first lesson
which is taught the child, till the mother’s du
ties yield to the course of preparation and ac
tion, which nature prescribes for him.
The address, which we IWive heard, por
trays in just colours this most cstighable wo
man. Tradition says, that the character of
Washington was aided and strengthened, if
not formed, by the care and precepts of his
mother. She was remarkable for the vigour
of her intellect and the firmness of her resolu-
tion. Left in early life, the sole parent of a
young and numerous family, she devo
ted herself with exemplary fidelity to the
task of guiding and educating them. With
limited resources, she was able, by care i 1
economy, to provide for them, and to ensure
them a respectable entrance upon the duties
of life. A firm believer in the sacred truths
of religion, she taught its principle's to her
children and. inculcated an early obedience
to its injunctions. It is said by those who
knew her intimately, that she acquired and
maintained a wonderful ascendency over those
around her. This true characteristic 'of* genius
attended her through life, and even in its de
cline, after her son had led his country to inde
pendence, and had been called to preside over
her councils, he approached her with the
same reverence she taught him to exhibit in
rly youth. This course of maternal discip
line no doubt restrained the natural ardour
of his temperament, and conferred upon him
that power of self-command, which was one
ofthe most remarkable traits of his character.
In tracing the few recollections, which can
oe gathered of her principles and conduct, it
is impossible to avoid the conviction that these
were closely interwoven with the destiny ot
her son. The great points of his character
are before the world. He who runs may
read them in his whole career, as a citizen, a.
soldier, a magistrate. He possessed an uner
ring judgmnt, if that term can be applied to
numan nature ; great probity of purpose, high
moral principles, perfect self-possession, unti
ring application, an enquiring miud, seeking
information from every quarter, and arriving
at its conclusions with a full. knowledge of
he subject: and he added to these an inflex
ibility of resolution which nothing could
/change but a conviction- of error. Look back
at the life and conduct of his mother, and at
her domestic government as they have been
this day delineated by the chairman of the
monumental committee, and as they were
known to her contemporaries and have been
described by them, and they will bp found ad
mirably adapted to form and develope the el
ements of such a character. The power of
greatness was there, but had it not been gui
ded and directed by maternal solicitude and
judgment, its possessor, instead of present
ing to the world examples of virtue,patriotism
and wisdom, which will be precious in til
succeeding ages, might have added to the num
ber of those master spirits whose fame rests
upon the faculties they have abused, and the
injuries they have committed.
How important, to the females of our coun
try,are these reminiscences of the early life of
Washington, and ofthe maternal care of her
upon whom its future course depended. Prin
ciples, less firm and just, and affection less
regulated by discretion, might have changed
the character of the son, and with it the des
tinies of the nation. We have reason to be
proud of the virtue and intelligence of our fe.
males. As mothers and sisters, and wives
and daughters,their duties are performed with
exemplanary fidelity. They no doubt'real
ize the great importance of the maternal char
acter and the powerful influence it must exert
upon* the American youth. Happy is it for them
and our country that they have before them tins
illustrious example of maternal devotion and
this bright reward of filial success. The
mother of a family who lives to witness the
virtues of her children and their advancement
in life,and who is known and honored because
they are known and honored, should haye no
other wish, on this side of the grave, to grai-
ify. The seeds of virtue and of vice are ear
ly sown,and we may often anticipate the har
vest that will be gathered. Changes no
doubt occur, but let no oue place his hope up
on these. Impressions made in infancy, if
not indelible, are effaced with difficulty and
renewed with facility; and upon the mother
therefore must frequently, if not generally,
depend the fatq of the sipn. . ~ 5 . -
Fellow citizens—This district of country
gave birth to Washington. The ancient Com
monwealth, within whose borders we are as
sembled from every portion of this happy and
flourishing! Union, renowned as.she is for her
institutions,forher devotion to the cause offree-
domand for her services and sacrifices to pro
mote it, and for the eminent men she has sent
forthto aid our country with heart and hand, in
peace and war, presents a claim still stronger
than these upouthe gratitude of her sister States
in the birth and life of Washington. Most of you,
my-friends, must speak of him from report. It is
to me a source of high gratification that 1 can
speak of him from personal knowledge and
observation. Called by the partiality of my
CQuntrymen to the high station once so ably
filled by him, and feeling, that in til but a
desire to serve you, I am unworthy to ~occu
py his seat, but sensible that to this position’
I owe the honor of an invitation to unite 'with
you iu this work of affection and gratitude, I
am unwilling the opportunity should pass away
without bearing my testimony to his virtues
and services. I do this in j ustice to my own
feelings; being well aware,that his fame needs
no feeble aid from me.
The living witnesses of his public and private
life will soon follow him to the tomb.. Already
a second and a third generation are upon the
theatre of action, and the men and the events
ofthe revolution, and ofthe interesting peri
od between it and the firm establishment of
the present Constitution, mustere long live only
in the pages of history. I witnessed the pub-
tic conduct and the private virtues of Wash
ington, and I saw and participated, in the con
fidence which he inspired when probably
the stability of our Institutions depended
upon his personal influence. Many years
have passed over me since, but they have in
creased instead of diminishing my reverence
for his character, and my confidence in iiis
principles. His Far well Address,thai powerful
and affecting appeal to his countrymen, that
manual wisdom for the American citizen,
embodies his sentiments and feelings. May
He who holds in his hands the fate of nations,
impress us all with the conviction of hs
truth and import once, and teach us to regard
its lessons as the precious legacy he has be
queathed us. And if, in the instability of hu
man affairs, our beloved country should ever
be exposed to the disasters which have over
whelmed the other Republics that have pre
ceded us in the world, may Providence when
it suffers the hour of trial to come, raise up a
Washington to guide us in averting the dan-
ger.
Fellow
citizens—at
. .. .. . your request and in
your name, I now deposit this plat e ^
spot destined for it—aqd'when the American
pilgrim shall; in after ages, come up to this
high and holy place, and lay his hand upon
this'sacred column, may he recall the virtues
of her who sleeps beneath, and depart with
nis affections purified and his piety strength
ened, while he invokes' blessings upon the
memory of the mother of Washington.
reries made in Habersham county, in
branch, lull surf ice and vein deposites, which
soon attracted the principal capitalists in the
country, and the most valuable lots were pur
chased at large prices, and the business of mi.
ning has'been more improved on in that coun.
ty thau any other in the State. The appa.
rent inexhaustibility of the treasure, which is
well calculated to stimulate the most lethargic
among us, has caused the proprietors of the
‘nines in that county, to venture sufficient cap»^T
1 ,* t0 C( foduct the business in a manner, not
° ri y 5 ,r °fitable to them and the country, but
TC ^ets Upon them, miir.1i nf thrt rrp?lit ivhirk
From ths Cincinnati Republican.
The circular copied below has been re
ceived by a gentleman of this fcity. To say
.hat the object intended iu it, meets our cor
dial approbation, is but imperfectly expresing
our feelings. We love the Amer. Union,and
we love every thing connected with its histo-.
ry that tends to throw glory and beauty around
it. Sometime last winter, we published the
speech'of Mr. Poinsett, (made, we believe,
in a mee ting of the Unionists, in .Charleston,
South C rolina,) in which the almost magic
triumph of our American flag, in Mexico,
was related. No American, whose heart is
still alive to the Revolution, can read the
utile incident referred tain the circular^ and
which is so touchingly and eloquently descri
bed by Mr. Poinsett, without feeling proud of
our Union. The intention of the circular is
to procure the means of embodying that oue
-lorious triumph of the star spangled banner
upon canvass—to construct from the circum
stance, a memento of our national greatness,
flattering alike to our patriotism and our taste.
Copies ofthe circular have, we presume
been sent to all the other cities in the United
States, and the funds necessary to the execu
tion ofthe design, will be speedily raised
The gentleman to whom the circular was
sent, will submit it to the consideration of our
patriotic citizens next week.
[circular.]
Charleston, (S. C.) April'll.—At the pe
riod ofthe revolution of the Aceordada, which
compelled the Congress of Mexico to reverse
the-election of Pedraza' and place’ Guerrero
in the Presidential Chair, the city was taken
by assault, and the army of Guearrero attacked
and plundered the houses, of the European
Spaniards, who are peculiarly 'odious id the
native Mexicans. Many df these persons
had taken refuge in the house ofthe American
Ambassador, and it was pointed Rut to the
exasperated soldiery as the asylum of their
enemies. They rushed to attack it, and in a
few minutes would have massacred til within
its walls. At this momeni, when hundreds
of muskets were leveled at the. windows,
Mr. Poinsett with his Secretary of Legation,
Mr. John Mason, Jr. threw themselves into an
openqnlcony which overlookedthe crowd, and
unfurling the STAR-SPANGLED BANNER,
demanded that all persp is in his house should
be protected while the flag of his country
waved over them. The scene changed as
by enchantment; and ‘ tifo . very 'men . who
were about to make the attack, cheered the
standabd of our Union, and placed senti*
nels.to guard it from outrage. Tho history
of the world presents no parallel to such, a
scene: and its moral beauty and grandeur
should be equally preserved oii the page of
the historian and the canvass of the painter.
It is therefore proposed to raise by subscrip
tion, a sufficient sura to have this illustrious
triumph of our National Flag represented on
canvass and afterwards engraved. The pain
ting will be presented to some public institu
tion of the State, or Uuited States.
The minute particulars attending, the un
furling of the United States flag at Mexico,
furnish materials for a splendid National
Painting.' The sectional excitements, at pres
ent existing among the States, are obliterating
national feelings. These must be revived;
the arts are powerful in their operation, and
lasting in their influence. We must have
National Paintings, National Songs, National
Celebrations, to excite and perpetuate Na
tional enthusiasm. Though it is difficult for
the mind to calculate the value of the Union,
yet the hand of a master may successfully
exhibit at a single glance, that National pro
tection, .which, like the pressure of the; at
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From the Western Herald.
Extent of tub Gold'Region in Geoh-
GIA . A few mines of some notoriety were
discovered in Rabun county, in the fall of 18-
29, and spring of 1830. The mines inclu-
led in that county are few, and the precious
metal principally confined to branch deposits ;
the gold is found in largo oarticles,-and varies
in value at the up country markets, from sev
enty to eighty-five cents per dwt. About the
same time there were a great many valuable
It is stated by a writer in a recent number
ofthe Galenian, that new and valuable discov
eries of lead ore have been made upon the
East bank of the Mississippi river, between
the Platte and Grant Ri vers, in f°- a uounty,
Ml T. The ore is said to be ofthe bestquali.
ty, found in large bodies, and over an exten
sive tract of country. Among the most valua
ble discoveries,is a horizontal cave,the entrance
of which is about 150 feet above the level of
the river; It is from two to _ iour teet wide,
and from six to nine feet high. From this
about 400,000 pounds of lead orfe have been
taken, with little labor; and tlm operation
was still continued. The land is of the best
quality, and covered wife timber. A town,
called Yan. Bitten, (which name has also been
given to the mines and cave adjacent,) has
been laid out, and that part of the countryjs
rapidly increasing in population—N. Y. "
upon them, much of the credit which
m so justly due to enterprise in siich r a bene,
licul undertaking. ' Habersham can truly
boost ofthe largest specimens of Gold’ wfoch
have yet been found in Georgia. Its vtiiie
is quoted at,about the same.as feat of Rabun
county, and the Loudsville, and the McL ugh.
hn mines, are not excelled in richness by any
in the United States. Hull county, too, has
sopae valuable mines, though principally cop-
fined to ridge veins which have not yet been
operand on very extensively. The celebra-
ted Elrod mine, has beon leased for a term I
of years to a compaity of N. Ca. gentlemen,
viz. Col. Fisher and Dr. Austin, who are
preparing for extensive operations ; the lot
on Lhestatee owned by Beers, Booth and St.
John, and fee lqt in the Same neighborhood
owned by Col; Ctilioun aud Gibson, are' Both
now attached to this county; the operations
upon those lots have been very extensive and
profitable. There are several others in that i
neighborhood that are doing well. Some* gold |
has also been found in Gwinnett county, but I
we believe to a limited extent—only one lot
has beeu discovered, that will pay wages.
In Carroll county, there were many valua.
ble discoveries made about the first of June,
1830, and the business of mining is carried oa
there in a manner unprecedented in any oth
er part of the state, except' in Habersham,
where the region is much more extensive.—
We believe that the Carroll Gold,although the
particles are very small, is given up to be the
purest yet discovered in the United States;
and. though the Gold Region there, is embra
ced in a few miles square, such has been the
reward to the honest laborer, that.niany who
were poor and indigent, in three years time,
have placed foamselves in' easy and desirable
circumstances. The Gold is found in Car.
roll in the braitch,lull,fond vein deposits, and
she can boast of the - richest surface yet dis
covered in the State, ironi the plentiful Branch
mining ground and the richness of the sur
face. The veins halve not yet beerf fairly
tested. Maj. Jones has been induced to make
a small experiment on his lot. We have seen
the vein, since he has bored about sixty feet
perpendicular, and tunnelled perhaps as far j 4
horizontally, and it is very rich indeed, so i f
much so, that it is not uncommon to see par- ||
tides of Gold on the surface of the rocks and
find it in great abundance in the dirt thrown
out of the vein. The Major has been doing i
so well qa the branch and surface, that he has
not. yet furuisheft himself with the necessary |
machinery for operating on his vein mine., to .
any extent, further than.si bare experiments
Gold in the Cherokee Country.—In 1830,
many discoveries \ycre made in this, country, I
and from the limited manner in which the In
dians operated fur it, and the great abundance 1
in which they found it, the whole country was
soon inundated with trespassers front ^various
parts of the U;;ion, and so extensive were
their operations, that the legislature had to
pass a law organizing a constant guard for the
protection of the public property from private
destruction:
,, The 4th, 12th 13th, and 15th district, in
the 1st section, are all included in Lumpkin
county, and all valuable for the discoveries
tireadv made: the mining operations here are
now extensive and increasing daily: the gold
is pretty much fetisame as that of Habersham
in size, quantity and value; the local depos
its are about the same. The golden veins
through this country seem to pass almost in a
direct tine from tliis to Carroll,. and .between
the Rivers Chattahoochee and Etowah.*—
There fire some valuable mines in Forsyth
county. Cherokee county includes the cele
brated Sixes mines and many others, which
makes ittittle inferior to Lumpkin. Cass county
includes the. Alatona mi ies which have so
much character for their richness and value.
Some valuable discoveries have been made
in Cass for the last few weeks: the princi
pal new discoveries there, have been in the
richness of the surface.
Paulding county, .which is bounded on the
south by Carroll, contains many valuable
mines, the most noted of which is in the third
district of the third section. There is a nar
row vein of blue limestone that crosses be
tween ihe mines in Cas3 county aud those in
Paulding, and the size of the particles, and
fineness of the metal seems to change ab-
ruptly from that of Habersham and Lumpkin,
to that described in Carroll. The mining op
erations in Paulding are yet limited, though
from our personal knowledge of the value of
some of the mines there, we have no doubt
but they will be soon extended, and profita
bly conducted; f*' "
/