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txn Mumms* +
COMMUNICATIONS.
Nacoochce Valley, June 8, 1834.
To the Editors of tho Southern Banner.
Gentlemen j—A singular discovery has
recently been made in this vicinity, of a Sub.
terranean Village, which, though not so ex
tensive as Herculaneum or Pompeii, involves
. much mystery and speculation, and oilers
a new subject of enquiry to ths Geologist and
Antiquary. ’ The houses were disinterred by
excavating a canal for the purpose of washing
gold. The depth varies from seven, to nine
. feet; some of the houses are imbedded in
the stratum of gravel, which is auriferous, and
yields fine profits to the operators. The logs
.'are but partially decayed, from 6 to 10 inch
es in diameter, and from 10 to 12 feet long.
The walls are from 3 to 6 feet in height, join
ed togother,forming a straight line upwards of
.300 feet in length, comprising 34 buildings or
rooms. The logs are hewn at the ends, and
notched down as in ordinary cabins of the
present day. In one of the rooms were
found, three baskets, made of cane splits,
resting upon the slate ; also, u number of
fragments of Indian ware, similar to that ma-
• nufactured by the Cherokees of the present
period.
From the circumstance of the land having
been covered with a heavy growth of timber
previous to its cultivation by the whites, (12
years since) wo roust necessarily infer, that
they were built at a remote period, and by
some powerful cause have been submerged
and covered by continual additions of alluvion
The stream is about 30 feet wide, and is said
, by Mr. Sand ford (who is now operating on
it for gold, very successfully, and from whom
I derived most of my information with re
gard to the houses,) to be one of the most
productive gold deposites in the country,
The houses are situated from 50 to 100 yards
from the principal channel of the creek; and
ns no further excavations have been made, it
is more than probable that new and more in
teresting developements will be made when
■ the land is worked for gold.
A great number of curious specimens of
workmanship have been found in situations,
which preclude the possibility of their having
been moved for more than a thousand years.
During my mining operations last year, I
found, at ouc time, about one half of a cruci
ble, of the capacity of near a gallon. It was
ten feet below the surface, and immediately
beneath a large oak tree, which measured
five feet in diameter, and must have been
lour or five hundred years old. The depo-
«ite was diluvial, or what may be termed table
land. The stratum, of quartz gravel, in
which the vessel was imbedded, is about two
feet in thickness, resting upon decomposed
chlorite slate.
It is not difficult to account for the deposite
of those substances in alluvial soil, fur the
bills are generally very high and precipitous,
nnd from the immense quantity of rain which
falls, the streams are swollen to a great
height, sweeping every thing with them, and
frequently forming a deposite of several feet
in thickness in n season ; but some of the
diluvial land is from 10 to 50 feet above the
- present level of the streams. These deposites
exhibit appearances of as great attrition as
those recently formed.
There, was a vessel, or rather a double
mortar, found in Duke’s Creek, about five
inches in diameter, and the excavation on
each side was nearly an inch in depth, basin
like, and perfectly polished. It was made of
quartz, which had been semi-transparent, but
had become stained with (he iron which
abounds in quantity in all this country. In
the bottom of each basin was a small de-
pression half an inch in depth, and about the
samo diameter. What its use could have
been, is difficult to conjecture. Some sup.
pose it was used for grinding paint, &c. or in
some of their plays or games. The high
finish, and its exact dimensions, induce me to
believe it the production of a more civilized
people, than the present race of Indians.
Respectfully yours, M. S.
KOU THE SOUTHERN BANNER.
Messrs. Editors:
I have been much puzzled in my attempts
to divine the intention of the correspondent
“ Philanthropist,” in your paper of the 7th inst.
My first conjecture was, that the author ofit
was some young man who wished to ridicule
some of his companions for the extravagance
and bad tnste of their compliments. But, as I
proceeded in reading the essay, I perceived a
most manifest design to make the aunt the
heroine of tho tale. Now, 1 knew it was
very common for authors to make their he-
rocs personifications of themselves, as the
Child© Harold of Bvron, the Emilios of Rous
seau, and the Lucilla of Hannah Moore; and
I therefore concluded that the aunt must he
herself the author—that she was her own
heroine. After ending my labor, I asked
my sell, can it be a lady who has written this 7
Could a lady have written such a bitter pas
quinade against her sex 1 Would she inten
tionally have made them use had grammar ?
Would she represent them as complaining of
dull times, when the sweets of homo were
theirs ; when the flowers were blooming, the
forests verdant, and when the time of the
singing of birds was come ? Would she
make them remain mute in the discussion of
the Waverly novels; of the real and fictitious
characters of persons, so well known as Rich
ard Coeur de Lion, and Mary queen of Scots,
and that too through acknowledged ignorance ?
"Would a woman represent her sex as having
paid absolutely no attention to poetry and
history ; or could she, possessed of the com
roon delicqcy of her sex, send her dramatis
persona: to Tooke’s Pantheon, with its gross
immoralities and offensive' fables ? Besides,
thought I, she has made the gentlemen talk of
Somnus and Morpheus ; of the - sword of
Brutus, and the asp of Cleopatra, and the dig.
nity of . Juno, and.the wisdom of Minerva ;
and although- they are exhibited as speci
mens of impoliteness, yet it cannot be that
a. lady, would place her female personages at
such a mighty disparagement to talents and
acquirements. No, no. Never could a wo-
man thus turn her strength against her owu
breast. I read the piece again, and the con
clusion at last fixed itself on my mind that it
was written by some recluse, who having
studied the classics and the scieuces in his
study, found himself unable to attract atten
tion to his merits in the scenes of real life.
He seems possessed of what the lawyers term,
malice against the human race, and throws
his arrows at male and female alike indis
criminately. The caricature he has drawn
of exaggerated compliments, and of impolite
refusals to follow the conversation according
to the taste of the aunt, if it bear any resem-
blance to an original, exhibits a picture of
such grossness, that I think the persons dcs-
cribed should be immediately banished from
good society. But this is the only approval
I can give to the essay.
The author has denounced all that is valu
able in social converse ; he would change
the parlor into a lyceum, and the drawing,
room into an arena for intellectual gladiators.
The principle seems to be laid down as fund,
umchtal, that information and improvement
are the only objects of society ; that the use-
ful, and not the agreeable, is to be sought
and admired. Against this, I most solemuly
protest.
The utilitarians have tried to introduce this
principle into morals, into legislation, and in
to science ; and every where it has failed.
Hobbes tried it in ethics; Bentham in poli
tics ; and Grimke in education ; but no
where has success crowned their efforts, and
such also must be its fate in the friendly cir
cle. The principle which I would lay down
as the rule and guide of. conversation, is, that
it should confer happiness with dignity and
virtue. The ideas which may be introduced
do not make up its principal value. It should
be conducted so ns to afford pleasure. It
should sparkle with the electricity of a joyful
countenance. It should devolope shades of
thought in all their nice discriminations by
gesture, by. the glance of the eye, and by the
play of tho features. It should abound in
sentiment, and be ornamented with vivacity
and cheerfulness. But it should do all this,
with dignity and virtue. Amusement must be
found, but it must be the pleasure of a man.
and not of a child. Mind must be displayed,
but it must be thought, awakening delight,
and inciting to enthusiasm and love. It
should be the music of the soul, where the
chords of each heart vibrate in sympathetic
unison.
Such a style of conversation lightens the
burden of grief, awakens the apathy of mel-
ancholy, banishes misanthropy and ennui,
conduces to the discovery of character, ex
cites within us the love of God’s creatures,
devclopes the social feelings, displays the
taste, the modesty and the benevolence of
the speakers, and gives birth to that noble
self-devotion to others, which becomes a ba
lance to regulate the excesses of self love.
But how. would it be if society were turned
into a lecture, and taste and wit and vivacity
be banished for the dry discussion of Homer
or Humo; of Aristotle or Brown ? What
virtue of the heart, will such conversation ex-
ercise or improve ? Will it increase our love
of man or nature ? Will it polish the rough,
ness, refine the grossness, or perfect the
delicacy of mankind ? Will it make us set a
high value upon home, strengthen our love
for our friends, or increase our admiration of
that sweetest and loveliest spot on earth, the
domestic hearth? What affections can such
a style of converse awaken ? It shows no
heart, no soul; nothing but understanding,
but judgment, and love is not found there.
No, I can never consent that the object of
conversation is to fill tho head with science
or history; it is to develope the imagination,to
improve the heart, to confer happiness with
dignity and virtue.
If authority were-needed to support my
positions, I could find it every where among
the great and good. But if •>Phil<>nthro|iist i ”
who has made his model of female perfection
to suit iiis own taste, formed as it has been in
the solitude of a moth-eaten library, will not
modify his theory for.the Bacons and the By
rons, the philosophers and the poets of the
past; yet he surely should yield to the great
and learned of the other sex. Hannah Moore
and Madame De Slael, the most illustrious
of their sex, gave no authority by their wri
tings or their practice to this visionary Uto
pia. They combined all female virtues and
female talents ; yet we can find no parallel
in Lucilla, for this dream of perfection. Even
in the literary citrcle, hooted at by the name
of bas^bleu, because they banished cords,
where the eloquence of Burke and the wit of
W alpole gave authority to its fashion ; amuse
ment, and happiness and dignity and virtue
were the x*nd of their conversation. The il-
lustrious author, in giving her brief descrip
tion of it, has the following homely but ex
pressive lines:
Hail Conversation, heavenly fair,
Thou bliss of life and balm of care,
Soft polisher of rugged man,
Refiner of the social plan—
Still may thy gentle care extend.
And taste, with wit and science blend—
where almost every word expresses the on
joy ment that wus the object of these parties.
But if we turn from her to the noble exile,
whom tho despotism of Bonaparte sent to
wander for ten long years, far from the ele-
gancres of Parisian circles, we have one who
sits as queen over the empire of taste and
science and social converse, -and whose au-
thority “ Philanthropist” may in vain attempt
to resist. It was the wit, the elegance, the
love, the cxcilemeut of Paris, that made her
long for its halls, with all the intense eager-
ness of tho banished Israelites who hung their
harps on the willow, and wept when they
remembered Zion,' What was it she found
to admire in the countries of her exile? The
enthusiasm, the fine arts, the beautiful sky of
Italy; the poetry of Schiller, the dramas of
Goethe, and . the anecdotes of McIntosh.
When recalling the scenes or Paris, she says,
“ Speech is not there the ineaosof communi-
eating .ideas, sentiments or transactions, but
it is an instrument on which they are fond of
playing, and which, like music, animates
the spirits.”
I have now, Messrs. Editors, gone through
with this subject. I contend that utility, im
provement, and information, are not the pro
per criteria of conversation ; that the social
circle is not the place for finding out the
meaning of ancient authors, or for a meta
physical discussion of the cocnparative value
of future and present enjoyment. It is the
place for wit, for bon-mots, for anecdotes, for
pleasing literature, for the perfection of the
social virtues, for sensibility, enthusiasm, de-
licacy, modesty, friendship and love ; for all
those blandishments that take off the edge of
sorrow or wo.
I have avoided in the discussion of this
subject, any thing like ridicule. It might have
admitted some laughable caricatures, but
have -drawn none. The society of Athens
needs not for its defence any uims, but those
of truth and reason. That it is perfect, I
would by no means aver ; for where is per
fection to be found on earth. But long may
it continue as it is, the home of agreeable
pleasantry, the centre of taste and of amuse
ment, the theatre of pleasing and lively dis
cussion, the residence of cheerfulness and
modesty and gaiety, and of dignified and vir
tuous happiness, where man may enjoy the
pure “ feast of reason and the flow of soul;
and accursed be that day when its parlors
shall become the oratorios for sermons, or
lecture rooms for “blue stockings.”
AN ATHENIAN.
FOR THE SOUTHERN BANNER.
<. NO. III.
Nothing is so well calculated to arrest the
attention, excite the prejudice, and ferment
the party feeliugs of the people of the differ
ent States, as the doctrine of State Rights, as
advocated by that class of politicians who
claim their name from thence. The reasons
in support of this remark are obvious. The
State of South Carolina has sounded the
tocsin and leads the van. Why is it thus
with South Carolina ? Because, the people
of that State have been persuaded that their
interests have been trampled on by the vari
ous laws imposing duties on imports. Act
ing under the belief that their rights had been
iisregarJed in these enactments, it w.is natu
ral for them to seek out some remedial pro
cess calculated to relieve them. Their po-
litical leaders were generally men of high
abilities, profound statesmen, .. and winning
orators. They raised the banner of Staite
Rights, aud pointed to the remedy of nullifi
cation ; and the people, from motives of in
terest and natural love for their own State,
flocked around them and sanctioned their
wild proceedings. The end proposed was.
successful resistance to a law of the General
Government, or a grave of glory ou the field
of battle !
For a moment, we will concede all that
this doctrine of State Rights requires, to es-
tabiish its authenticity. We will admit, that
a single State of this Union, not only has the
right to judge of the constitutionality of a law
of Congress, but to decide upon that judg
ment ; and not only to decide, but also to
act in accordance with that decision. We
will admit for a moment, that a State has not
only the right merely, to assemble in conven
vention to declare unqualified resistance to a
law sho alone believes to be unconstitutional
but also that as a sovereign, she bus the in
dubituble right to prescribe her own mode
and measure of redress—to organize her mi
litary—to erect arsenals and magazines—to
man and arm forts, and prepare herself with
“all the pomp and circumstance of glorious
war,” to battle with her kindred and sister
States! Reason and magnanimity could
not possibly refuse these rights, these higl
prerogatives of sovereignty, to any and all
the States, while one is admitted to possess
them. The same arguments which prove
them to exist in one, equally proves them to
exist in all—in each. Wbat influence
there to make the laws of the General Gov-
eminent respected? Any State, from the
least to the greatest, whenever, she con
ceived herself either ueglected in the distri
button of the loaves and fishes, or believed
herself to be oppressed by a general law,
would immediate ly put on the insignia
sovereignty, and order that government to
desist. Would fear restrain her? Too
brave to acknowledge the influence of the
degrading principle. Would-the interest
the whole ? The neglect of her interest
would remove in her view that nominal obli
gation. Would the glory and value of the
Union ? That long ago has been weighed in
the balance, and found wanting : and let the
reckless politicians of the present day re-
member, that in the history, of governments,
upharsin stands next to tekbl- Tukel, it
weighed, and found wanting. Upharsin,
is divided, aud given to the Medes and Per
sians. Concede, I say, all these privileges
and prerogatives to one State, and we must
yield them to all the States. And what act
of the General Government of common ira-
port and interest, would nut he checked
some one State of the Union., What treaty
what executive act; what legislative enact-
ment; what judicial decision, could be really
regarded as the “supreme law of the land f
What might not Ohio say and do, in regard
to the disposition of her public lands ? What
might not Louisiana do, when a statute should
be enacted to regulate commerce, and thus
affect the immense trade carried on at the
mouth of the father of rivers, nnd in the city
of Orleans ? The same may be asked
every other State, having seaport towns,
short, any State might make any law, what
ever, the subject of constitutional cavil; and
consequently, of unconstitutional modes of re
sistance. It might repose itself upon the dig
nity and authority of its unalienahle sove
reignty ; and setting her face against any
proceeding of government -whatever, and say,
“ thus far raayest thou come if it suits my
convenience, but no farther.” Suppose this
theory of our Union, (I will not say Govern-
by
ment, for that implies a controlling power)
known to the civilized world ; could any fo
reign-government feel satisfied, that a treaty
with us -would be duly observed, while the
every act of that government which formed a
party, washable to such continual nullifica
tion and control ? Would it not be more wise
in them, when they wished to treut with us,
to pass by the General Government altogeth-
and treat aloue with the States, the ulti
mate arbiters and final judges in all these
matters ? Most assuredly. They would see
most clearly, that the powers to treat under
which the General Government acted, were
subject to the same control, revision and
revocation^ that characterises the letters of
instruction given to her plenipotentiaries;
and they could not consistently feel safe, un
til the treaty had been ratified and approved
of by the different States in their high sove-
reign capacities. -
It is useless to pursue these doctrines and
these deductions further. They all grow im
mediately out of the major proposition that
the States are perfectly sovereign. What
confusion, anarchy and misrule, do they not
lead us to. .What an appeal to the malig
nant and restless passions of our depraved
nature ! What ! a State—a single State—
‘ stand to her arms,” and resist a law of
that Government which fatherly patriots from
almost every state aided in forming ! What a
grand and soul-stirring theme for the infuria
ted stump orator at a petty muster ground !
Not a new, but an old doctrine resuscitated
from a most happy forgetfulness; only to mar,
or rather destroy the beautiful fabric of free
government, at once the pride and honour of-
our fathers—the wonder of the world, and
the last hope of freemen.
I shall conclude this number by a short
extract from the essays of “ One of the
People,” published a few years since in
South Carolina, in answer to certain political
pieces published arid written in our own State,
by some of our distinguished men, over the
signature of “ Trio.”
I will merely add, that these essays are
from the pen of the Hon. Geo. McDuffie, of
South Carolina—if uny body that loves con.
sistency can believe it.
“ You assert, that when any conflict shall
occur between the General and State Govern
merits, as to the extent ofthcir.respective pow
ers, “ each party has a right to judge for itself'
1 confess, I am at a loss to know how such a
proposition ought to be treated. No climax of
political heretics can be imagined, in which
this might not fairly claim a prominent place.
It resolves the government at once into the
elements of physical force, and introduces
us directly into a scene of anarchy and blood.
There is not a single power delegated to the
General Government, which would not be in
the power of every Slate Government to des
troy, under thfe authority of this licentious
principle. It will only be necessary for
State Legislature to pass a law, forbidding
that which the Federal Legislature enjoins,or
enjoining what the Federal Legislature for
bids, and tho work is accomplished. Per
haps you would require the State Judiciary
to pronounce the law unconstitutional. 1
will illustrate by a few examples.
“Suppose Congress should pass a law to lay
and collect taxes, imposts and excises ; and
that a State Legislature should pass another,
declaring the objects for which the revenue
was intended, were unconstitutional; and
therefore prohibiting the officers of the Gene
ral Government, by severe penaNes, from
collecting the taxes, duties, imposts md ex
cises. Suppose Congress should pass a law
to “raise an-army” for a national war, and
a State Legislature pass another declaring
the war “ wicked, unrighteous, and uncon
stitutional,” and therefore prohibiting the of.
fleers of tho General Government, under
heavy penalties, from recruiting soldiers with
in the limits of the State. Suppose Congress
should pass a law “for the punishment of coun
erfejting the securities and current coin of the
United States,’’and a State Government should
pronounce it unconstitutional, and provide hea
vy peualtiesagainst all officers, judicial or min
isterial, who should attempt to enforce it ? I
will not multiply cases ; for if you will duly
consider these, you will find enough to snti
ate your keenest relish for anarchy and dis
order. In. all the above cases you will say.
“ each party has a right to judge for itself;
and, of course, 4o enforce its judgmeiit. You
might then find a revenue officer of the U
States confined in a State dungeon, for obey
ing the revenue laws of Congress, &c. &c
And all this would unavoidably result, in giv.
ing to the State rulers a right to resist the
General Government ; or, in a civil war, to
establish its legitimate authority ; conse
quences, either of which, is incompatible
with the very notion of Government.
“To suppose that the General Government
has the constitutional right to exercise cer-
tain powers, which must operate upon the
people of the States ; and yet, that the gov
ernment of each State has the right to fix
and determine its own relative powers, nnd
hy necessary consequence to limit the pow
era of the General Government, is to suppose
the existence of two contradictory and incon
sistent rights. In all Governments, there must
be some one supreme power; in other words,
every question that can arise as to the con
stitutional extent of the powers of different
classes .of functionaries, must be susceptible
of a legal and peaceful determination by
some tribunal of acknowledged authority, or
force must be the inevitable consequence,
And where force begins, government ends.
GROTIUS.
and to prove thatGen. Jackson and his friends
are “ Tories ;” in short, to enlighten the ig-‘
norant people of Gwinnett, and to take their
bonds obliging them to vote for the said Mis-
sionnries and their “ Brethren.” It is also
expected that there will be a large slaughter
of cattle—a tremeudous squealing of hogs—
laying, prostrate Irish potato patches ; and
that the « hen roosts” will be literally “ nul.
litied,” preparatory to the assembling uround
the board—then a real toast on good corn
whiskey, will call forth the funeral oration
which is to stalk over the ruin ! We shall
have rare sport. DU ROC.
Executive Department, )
Charleston, June 12th, 1834. )
The Appeal Court having decided that the
10th Section of the Act, passed at the lust
session of the Legislature, “ for the Military
Organization of the State,” which provides,
that ull Militia Officers shall within thirty days
after their election, take an Oath “ that they
will be fuithful and true Allegiance bear to
the State of South Carolina,” is unconstitu
tional, null and void,it becomes the duty of all
Officers entrusted with the execution of the
Law to conform to that decision until the Con
stitution shall be amended, or the decision re-
versed. Under our system of Government it
is the province of the Judicary to expound the
uws,and obedience to the constituted author
ities has always been a distinguished trait in
the character of the People of South Caroli
na. All Officers of the Militia, therefore,
whose Commissions may have been withheld
in consequence of their neglect or refusal to
take the Oath of Allegiance, prescribed by
the above act, will,on application to the prop,
er Officers, be entitled to receive their Com
missions. The Court has also decided that
the Oath prescribed by the Act of the 19th
December, 1794, (the only Oath heretofore
taken by Militia Officers in this State,) is like
wise unconstitutional, and that the only Oath
FOR THE SOUTHERN BANNER.
HGREAT • WIG* FESTIVAL !”
'There is to be held at Lawrenceville, Gwin
nett county, Georgia, on the 4th of July next,
a “ Wig Festival,” at which it is expected
will be, a “ Wig” Missionary from Savannah
another from Forsyth, Monroe county ; and,
perhaps, another from Baldwin or Bibb, who
have been specially appointed and engaged to
hold.forth on the “ Rightful Remedy,” the
importance and necessity of the U. S. Bank
S. CAROLINA TEST OATH.
1. Resolved, That while w« are ["jr
times disposed to acquiesce in the kg*
and unprejudiced decisions of the Judicj
wo cannot avoid the conclusion that the
decision, by a majority of the Court of \
peals, on the Military Oath, is the result ^
party and prejudiced opinions, expresscc
published by two members of the C’ou v
the proceedings of the Union Convcntim.’^
December, 1832. ' 18
2. Resolved, 'That die opinions of t i
majority in this case, contain doctriaes J?
Republican, conformable to the infant
Proclamation, dangerous to liberty, and ?
versive of the rights of the State. * |
3. Resolved, That in the opinion of *•
Meeting, the late Convention of the State *
not and could not be limited by the Lem/ 5
ture ; and did not in any instance violate 5
abuse the trust confided by the people. *
4. Resolved, That it is the opinion ofi'^
Meeting, that .the Court of Appeals shoul-jT
remodelled or abolished ; and one estal-lish
ed more competent to administer justice. 5r " j
maintain the rights and privileges of the ii t0
pie of this Commonwealth.
5. Resolved, That the deliberate 0 pitii, a
of this Meeting, is that the Legislature curb
to pass a law defining and punishing Treasoj
against the State.
6. Resolved, That in the present nlara.
ing crisis of public affairs, new safeguard
are required to secure the Liberties of ths
Commonwealth, and the Governor be reques.
ted to convene the Legislature, to devi*
such measures as the public welfare requires,
Colonels D. J. McCokd, F. H. Elmore
and James Gregg, then addressed the Alec
ting in favor of the Resolutions.
Each of the foregoing resolutions was tncaf
unanimously adopted.
On motion of H. J. Nott, Esq., Resolved
that the proceedings of the Meeting be signed
by the Chairman and Secretary, be published
in the Southern Times, Telescope, and Chris,
tian Herald—and that a copy be transmitted
to his Excellency the Governor.
EDWARD FISHER, Chairman.
% t r m e.
which said Officers can be lawfully required
to take, is that to be found in the 4th Art. of' E. II. MAXCY, Secretary
the Constitution, in the following words, viz:
“ I do swear (or affirm) that I am duly quali-
fled according to the Constitution of this State,
to exercise the office to which 1 have been ap
pointed, and will to the best of my abilities,
discharge the duties thereof, and preserve,
protect and defend the Constitution of this
State atjd of the United States.”
The Liverpool Journal of May 10th, savs-W.
have great pleasure in announcing the probable ^
sation of hostilities in tho Peninsula. The L«(
Nelson, in five days from Lisbon, has arrived at 1V„
j mouth, with the news.that the Pedroitcs had takes
l ^i KJ> f I Figucra—that Coimbra had declared for DcntuM.
All Officers who have not heretofore taken ria , that tho whole of tho road from Oporto t0 L
this Oath, whether they have received their bon was open to the Pedroitcs—and that Don %
Commissions or not, will, accordingly, take cl and Don Pedro had come to a settle ment, aim.
the said Oath, before some Justice of the mistice having been agreed to. Nor is this all, i
Peac e, Offic, authorized to **.
ister Oaths, and cause the same to be duly gj arM j • ft a | so corroborates what wo have abow
certified and endorsed ou their Commissions. ; mentioned respecting Portugal, for the uespitd
Where vacancies exist, prompt measures will says, “ The affairs of Portugal have been arrMgd
be taken by the proper Officers, to cause the between Don Miguel and Don Pedro.” These l«to
_ . l \ „„ by tho Lord Nelson confirm the fart rcspectinp Do
same to be tilled up and as soon as the Or- c J arl(M> and say that he had lacod himself under ti,
gamzation of the Militia shall be completed protection of the English,
under the late Act, reports thereof will be j FRAXCE ._ Tho eflbct8 of tho insurrcction at L:
made to the proper Officers, aud througlx them j ons have he cn feU at a groat distanco in FranC( , l
to the Commander in Chief. j Calais and Bologno the net manufactories have sui-
The Govenior is well aware that he might j ferod severely. The goods sent to Lyons haver,.
have transferred to others, the responsibility
of deciding on the course proper to be pursued
on this occasion. Under the power confer
red by the Constitution upon the Executive,
the Legislature might have been immediately
convened, and the whole question submittedio
their wisdom. This course be would have
felt himself bound to pursue, if the decision he . Wl11 st °P * 1,e rcven ! ie °f t,l ° Pa P al Sec
of the Judges had been regarded by him as
leaving the State without officers, and without
any military organization, exposed to all the
dangers incident to our peculiar situation. But
putting a different construction upon the de
cision, and believing that its only effect will
be to prevent the enforcement of an oath of
fidelity and allegiance to the State until such
time as the same shall become part of the
Constitution by the final adoption pf the amend
ment already agreed to by two-thirds of both
branches of the Legislature at their last ses
sion, and now awaiting the ratification of the
ensuing Legislature to be chosen by the peo
ple in October next, the Governor has deem,
cd it more advisable to refer the great ques
tions arising out of tho decision of the Appeal
Court to the next Legislature, coming, as they
will, fresh from the people, than to impuse
upon those whose office is about to expire,the
duty of revising their own acts, and deciding
an existing controversy between the legislative
and judicial departments of the Government.
It is deemed a decisive argument in favor of
this course, that in submitting these important
questions—(involving as they are supposed to
do, tho rights nnd duties of the citizen, the
sovereignty of the State, and the relative pow
ers of the Legislature and the Judiciar) )—to
the people, an appeal is made to the high
est tribunal known to our system, the source of
all power, whose decision (no longer delayed
than may perhaps be necessary to secure an
enlightened judgment, free from all undue ex
citement) will come with an irresistible
weight art) AUTHORITY- Nor is it believed,
that the example of moderation and respect
fur the laws and constituted authorities of the
country thus afforded at a period of much ex
citement, and under circumstances of pecu-
liar trial and difficulty, can be without a salu
tary influence on public opinion, both at home
and abroad.
The Governor and Commander in-Chief, in
presenting these views to his fcllow-citizens,
confidently relies on their cordial co-operation
in giving effect to the laws, and preserving
the peacq and good order of society.
ROBERT Y. HAYNE.
A VOICE FROM RICHLAND.
State Rights Meeting.—At a Meeting
of the State Rights Party of Richland Dis
trict^ held at the Town Hall in Columbia, on
Thursday Evening, June 5th, 1834: On motion
of Mr. N. Herbemont, Dr. Edward Fish,
eb was called to the Chair, and Col. E. H.
Maxcy, appointed Secretary. The Chair-
man stated the object of the Meeting. Col-
P. M. Butler, after some preliminary re.
marks, submitted the following Resolutions:
mained unsold, and the bills drawn in conseqicnu
have not been accepted. The manufacturers, over
loaded with goods, have censed to employ thuirinn,
excepting only one for each machine, as nccessa^
for keeping it in order.
Portugal.—Don Pedro has informed tho Top t
that if the excommuuication of himself, the Queen. {
the ministers and their adherents, be not withdrawn,
. 10,003.
and cut off all communication.
Late accounts, of an authentic nature, receive! {
from Cochin China, state that kingdom to lc ini I
very disturbed state at present. An extensive is-1
surrection prevails now at Saegon, the capital of U
southern and most fertile district, and the Tangueiw
are said to be in open revolt against the king, who ,
is reported to bo a great tyrant.
Switzerland.—A letter from Bcmc, dated tlcSSH'a
April, states that the Directory was about to con
voke tho Swiss Diet, in order to subruiMo its con
sideration the ultimatum ofthe Austrian Government,
rotative to political refugees, and the measures which
that power has deemed it necessary to adopt in con
sequence of tho asylum, granted to (he refuges in
some of the Swiss cantons. The letter adds, that it
was likely all refugees wbuld be ordered out of Swit
zerland, if it was known that they would be receiv
ed in France.
Ricuard Linder, who had solved the great pro
blem of the emboucherc of the Niger, and who w»
the conductor of the steam boat commercial expedi
tion into the interior of Africa, has been murdered »'•
a place 2t)0 or 300 miles up that river.
The crops throughout (his State, as far as wo can
learn, are unusually promising. Unless a drought, or
other casualty ensue, good Corn crops will be madr-
Cotton also presents a good appearance. Tho vhed
crops are being harvested, and on an average tun
out well. Some new flour has been brought to nur-
ket, and sold at $3 per cwt.—Macon Telegraph-
The joint resolutions of Mr. Clay, condemning tin
removal of the public moneys from the Bank ofil*
United States and requiring their restoration, wen
passed by the Seflate, on the 4th inst. and sent to &
House of Representatives for concurrence.
There are 226 newspapers printed in the State ci
New York, 86 of which are in the city.
It is stated that Edward D. Ingham, Esq. h*
been nominated as Government Director of d*
United States Bank, in the place of Henq;
who was rejected by the Senate.
The new road from Montgomery, in Alabama 3
this city is now in progress' and will be comp el
in a short time. Wo are mfonnod that the work »
TVell done, and the road when completed, will
en the distance between those two places some fif
teen or. twenty miles, and will paw over a bcW 1
country than tho present road.—Columbus Seating
Gen. Tiawhon has withdrawn from the Presid*’! 1 ®}
of the Farmer’s Bank of Chattahoochee, tho late
chasers of the stock having re-tmnsfered it to Co!
Iverson, giving him the control of the instruction
The circulation, Gen. L. says, has under the late w
ministration, been reduced from $94,000 to $80,737
by receiving the bills, in payment of debts due U
the Institution, nnd asserts that the Bank will *
able to redeem the whole of its bills, so soon »
can make the necessary collection.—Mi Usage*
Recorder.
The abandonment of Algiers as a colany^bM IW
recommended by a committee of tho Rjcnch cbnmber
Their report affirms that it cannot be.rotaihedj'viU
a lees army than 25,000 men! that it costs-Ftan
30.000,000 of francs per annum, while its pwn re«*
nes do not exceed 1,500,000 Danes ^Bolton#
American.
Congress. The Senate have concurred in tho ^
solution ofthe House of Representatives, to adjott*
on the 30th of this month*