Newspaper Page Text
sTljamilg lournal—fthettb to flttos, $ol
itits, Jiterata, ^'gridtere, a
ntr %
Internal Interests of tj^
VllllKE DOLLARS PER ANNUM IN ADVANCE.
- - . a ! Miscellaneous. I IAV n oarcv
ATHENS, GA. AUGUST lb, 1872.
Address on. TrJdt/n/rtinit there b no necessity for law of mv
7 R73 033
YOL. XLI1.-N0. 8—NEW SERIES VOL. 5. NO. 43.;
— .s.
(I he Southern
anner.
n in.iviw " u , h ''';., AV
BY S. A. ATIvlA^OA,
AT THREE IX)IJ-t BS ,>EB ANNUM,
STRKTl. 1* /•>’ ADyASCE.
9 >i,r, frmd stiver J.1I. Huggins.
IUTKS OF AOTEUTISlNd.
».|»erti.en»ent» will beins*rU*lst One Dollar and
„ p.r s-rnrr of 12 lines, for the first, and
! :„i' hve C< nl-f .r each subsequent Insertion,
• ' I,,, time mi lerone month. For a longer period
..V’.r.t eon! rart« "ill he maile.
E.E. JONES,
DEALER IX
STOVES,
Business Directory.
i vmu* conn. a. s. f.rwin. howell cobb
COltIt, ERWIN ti COBB,
\ T T 0 UN EYS AT LAW.
, \ Alliens, (ieorgia. Office An the Dcuprec
M’MPKItf HKMRY JACKSOS
Lumpkin & Jackson,
TTllRNKYS AT LAW, will practice in' the
s : rr.mn .,f Clark county, the Supreme
Slate, an.l the Bolted State* t'ourl
V
Fourt of lit** -
f«*r the Northern District of Georgia. feh. Oti
SAMUEL P. THLRM0Nd7
TTORNEY A T L A \V
Athens, tia. office on Broad street, over
MirrrA Son's Store. Will give special attention
t.. eases in Bankruptcy. Also, to the collection of
all claims entrusted to his care.
J. J. * J. r. ALEXANDER
EALERS IN HARDWARE,
el, Nalls, Carriage Material, Mining
inplements. A.-., Whilchallst., Atlanta.
\Yd
JNVITES ATTENTION TO HIS
mw WALL STOCK
GX.BS ,
CHIMNEYS AND
PURE KEROSENE
OIL.
Call and examine his stock beiore purchasing,
sept 15-tf.
TIN-WA RE,
HAVE
the
STILL ON HAND
A
M.VAN ESTES,
T T O’.u N E Y A T
Homer, Banks County. Oa.
L A W,
PITTMAN & HINTON,
A TTORNEYS A T L A W ,
II. Jefferson, Jackson county, Oa.
NOTICE OF CHANGE OF SCHEDULE
OS Til K
GEORGIA and MACON and
AUGUSTA RA1LR0DS.
OS.
Superintendent's Office, ' ]
Georgia and Marno k Avgusta Railroad. -
Augusta, O.i., Jan<* 5,1872. )
I s AND AFTER VVEDNES-
>AY, Juneflth, 1872,-the Passenger Trains
on the Gvorgi t and Macon anJ Augusta Railroads
will run as follows :
GEORGIA RAILROAD.
Dag Passenger Train will
licare Augusta at 20*.m.
Leave AltMidaat S 15 a. in.
Ariiveat Atlanta at t» 40p.ni.
Arrire at Augusta at..'. ~5 30p. u».
Night Passenger Train.
Leave Augustaat -8 15 p. id.
Leave Atlanta at 00 p. n»
Arrive at Atlanta at - 0 45a. in.
Arrive at Augustaat 6 00a. tn.
MACON AND AUGUSTA R. It.
Day Passenger Train.
!«eav© Augusta at.. ....11 00 a. m.
Maeon at 0 50 a. m.
Arrive in Augusta at ~ 2 45 p. m.
Arrive in Macon at 7 40 p. m.
Night. Passenger Train.
Jeeare Augusta at 8 15 p. m.
Leave Macon ai 10 00 p. m.
rrivein \ugusta at 0 00 a. ni.
Ar.ave in Macon at.. 4 15a. m.
Passengers from Atlanta, Athena, Washington
and srati *»»» «»n Georgia Railroad, hy taking the
I>ay Passenger Train will make connection at C
male witla ihe Train for Mncon.
Pulliii in’- Firsi-Classi Sleeping Cars on i
Night Pass *ng »r rninion the Georgia Railron*
an I First-’lass >1 *eping Carson all Night Trains on
Ihe Macon and Augusta Railroad.
^ 17 lAIIMCftV
CASS ILL 7 ADAMS,
ZD ESIGNB R ,
and
ELECTROTYPINQ,
. ro>,ca Forum »»» Winn Strf.kt,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Lick Box 226,
HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS,
I
Largest Variety of Stoves
in Athene, which I will famish at the Irirttl Hr-
ing price*.
THE MARION,
Ijargest Oven Step Stove Manufactured !
Hundreds of the Marion have Been sold in Ath
ens and vicinity, and without an exception have
given unlioniided satisfaction. To parties wishing
a good stove at a small price, I can .safely say that
'Ihe Marion is the Stove.
THE SOUTHERN HOME,
a entirely new stovo in design and construe!Ion.
By a moot novel arrangement, the jiart of the oven
directly under the fire box is protected from the
strong heat of the tire in this particular place, and
a uniform heal is obtained, in all parts of the oven,
thus securing the mom desirable thinj; in any stave,
vi*: Even baking and roasting. This stove has
been in the market but a short iimc f and the large
sales since its in trot 1 net ion warrants the conclusion
that it will soon be the
UADINGSTOVMfi'COUNTRY
RENOVATE HOUR CARPETS.
Something Sew!
A DISCOVERY has recently lieen
made by which Velvet, Brussels and In
grain Carpets can be thoroughly cleaned and reno
vated, without removing them from the floor. It
also destroys and prevents moths. It thoroughly
cleanses all covered furniture, such as Plush Chairs,
his skillful service.
II. 1IULL.
£ ur<
(r. Max M. Myerson. and
will promptlv attend to all orders left at his Paint
hop, on Jackson street, near the National Bank,
april 19-tf JOHN POTTS.
Win. A. Taliiiailge,
OP. POST OFFICE, COL. A VEX I E, ATHENS
The State Should Educate the People.
AN ADDRESS
Delivered before the Dehosthe*
nian and Phi Kappa Literary
Societies of the University of
Georgia, Monday, Aug. 5,1872.
BT EM0EY SPEER, ESQ.
Gentlemen of ti e Phi Kappa and
Demosthcnian Societies:
Popular tastes are usually respected
by the public speaker. Conservative
tastes are popular, and the opposing
and stronger principles of progress are
everywhere regarded with suspicion.—
It is extremely injudicious, therefore,
for the ambitious orator to ignore those
time-honored precedents, and those
very respectable conventionalities which
many good people prefer to independ
ent thinking. The allied generals, train
ed in the school of Marlborough and
Eugene, were scandalized at the irreg-
tSjttfSwEStoi SShTSg *of ai/VeacriTitfona? reT ul . ar evolutions of the young Napoleon,
moving grease spots and restoring their original
colon. For silks, ribbons and lace there ia noth
ing that equals it, and can lie used without the
slightest injury to the finest fabric. It contains no
acids, and is a pure Renovating solution. This is
entirely a new process, and commends itself when
ever used. We will cleanyour carpets, etc., or fur
nish the solution, with directions for using.
Athens, April 17, 1872.
This certifies that Mr. Max M. Myerson has
cleansed for me a very tnwh soiled carpet, remov
ing nil grease spots aiid, where not too much worn,
restoring the original cohos. I cheerfully recom
mend him to the citu.enaof Atueus who may uced
sort. Alas! this is not life. Our
Corydons are perspiring peasants, with
bad tempers. Our Amaryllises are
more charming, it is true, than any
shephardess who danced with rythmi
cal grace to the flageolet in the bosky
dells of Arcadia, but sometimes are
proper subjects for social restriction.—
A sense of our weakness. Blackxtone
K. JOHNSON, Supt.
I ALSO’KEEP THE
FOREST CITY,
QUEEN OF TnE SOUTH,
FIRESIDE,
CAPITOL CITY,
And Many Ollier Leading
Stoves.
I have on hand at all times a large stock of
Tin 1 Vare of all Kinds
The success that JONES' TIN WAKE lias met
with since its introduction, is a auliicieut guarantee
for its excellence.
ROOFING,
GUTTERING,
AND JOB WORK,
OF ALL KiNDS,
attended to promptly. The manufactory is still in
charge of Mr. \V. H. JCN ES, who will be pleated
to see his old friends and customers.
Orders from the country for work or goods will
meet with prompt attention.
E. E. JONES,
• Corner Broad and Thomas sts.,
ATHENS.
Fall and Winter Clotliiiu
J.E. BITCH
I NVITES the attention of his friends
and the public to his large and carefully selec
ted stock of
Rudy Made Clothing
AND
lient’s Furnishing Goods.
llis stock embrees French, German and Knglish
Broadcloths, a variety of colored cloths, fancy cas-
»i meres, beaver cloths, castors, melton.-,fur beavers,
London and Scotch coatings silk velvet and fancy
Vestings, Ac. My stock of Furnishing Goods em
braces
Shirts, Collars, Ties, Suspenders, Under-
Shirts and Drawers, Half-Hose.
Gloves in great variety, etc.
{wte $at 6 {ilia n$ in gsstjiyl?.
J. E. RITCH.
auHuuRscniRunn^tkiujQniaiimnnnsBiaRsini^i^gu
Dealer in Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Silver-plated
Ware, Musical Instruments, Speotacles, Guns,
Pistols, Sporting Equipments, Ac.. Ac.
A Select Stock of American and im
ported Watches, Double Guns with
40 inch barrel, excellent for long
range. Pistols ol all kinds.
Penetration of bull 6*^
inches into wood.
With a desire to please all, will sell the~abovegood
at very reasonable prices.
REPAIRING.
Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Guns and Pistols,
promptly attended to in a satisfactory manner.—
Call and see for yourselves. apr 4
x* w*
TEACHER OF USIC.
I "vFFICE corner of Lumpkin and
* * Clayton streets, near the Epispoc.il Church.
Punils living out of town can take their lessons
and practice at the office.
Pianos, Organs & Sheet Music
for sale, on the most reasonable terms. All instru
ments of the best makers and fully warranted.—
Persons desiring to purchase can have an instru
ment placet! in their bouse, which, if not satisfac
tory after fair trial, can be ret urn t* 1 •• v.-'iuug.-M,
Pianos ami Organs sold on M*.- ih’; IV.
ments, and old instruments taken in part payment,
if in good condition. [oct 27-tf
FREE! FREE!! FREE!!!
single eoriES of
COLMAN’S BUBAL WORLD,
A WEEKLY Agricultural Journal
that has been published twenty-three years
in St. Louis, haring the Largest Circulation and
the heat Corps of contributors of any agricultural
paper published in the valley of Ihe Mississippi,
will be sent free to all applicants. Send for a copy,
erms—$2 per annum. Address Norman J. Gol
an, Publisher, sLoupSt. , Mo. dee 291t
GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE
Agriculture aiml the Me-
T . v ehanic Arts.
l5 u,.° r . der of l ^ e B° ar d of Trustees
visional P 1 * 1 ** 8 . under the nro-
■nnl *'» '-*ln on lire l.t of .Mav
.Mholarahip. and e^h r . unV.“.' " U ‘ tl * d '° ,* *[*•
Bepreaantatl.c,. Th.^",V . S' mi ">‘ •» h»*
oh,pa aw l« f'-r threerebolar-
Anowlrdg* nf Artth£/u£V£Kr- “ J ha ''«‘ » fair
Minor, of the Fnitod ' “**• Oeography and
The Trasters are inakine
•board at fti 50 per^“rafemeatsto furnish
All applleatlon. .hm.ld V *4d T «oM
april 12-U ‘ ‘ I’rr.ld.nt,
<J«orgia.
TheSa L=!!,fe Wto »-
R. T. BRUMBY & CO.,
and Pharmacists,
Jml Dispensers of Family Medicines,
A\7"OULD respectfully call attention
V V to their elegant preparation of effervescing
solution of
Citrate of Magnesia, or Tasteless Salts,
Aperient Seitlidz Ponders,
Crab Orchard Salts.
This article is manufactured from the waters of the
celebrated springs at Crab Orchard, Kv., and is a
complete substitute for cathartic Pills, Epsom Salt,
Blue Mass, Calomel, Ac. It exerts a specific action
upon the liver, exciting it when languid to secre
tion, and resolving its chronic engorgements.
ROSE TOOTH POWDER
A superior and well selected stock ol
PERFUMERY,
FANCY ARTICLES,
FINE SOAPS,
FINE SPONGES,
And Pharnneculii al Specialties.
R T. BRUMBY" <t- CO.
Druggists and Pharmacists.
W
•am smim).
0 RG ESTER 1
DICTIONARIES.
s
BY
CORN FLOUR
PE2IRL GRITS and
BIG IIOMINY,
ENGLAND & ORR’S.
BY If.lSDEE
x a.*., ).
SCUDDEU.
"• W. * ,
At
June 14-2t
TOB PRINTING neatly and quickly
U executed at the Banner Office.
MARY A. EDWARDS. *) Libel for Divorce, i*
ts. V Franklin Sup'r Court,
HENRY EDWARDS. J April Term, 1872.
It appearing to the Court that the Defendant,
Henry Edwards, cannot be found in this county,
and it further appearing that his residence is un
known , it ia ordered by the Court that service of
this Libel be perfected by publication of this order
once a month for four months previous to the next
term of this Court in the Southern Banner, a pa
per published in Athens, Ga.
A true extract from the minutes of Frapklin Su
perior Court. June 11, 1872.
TUOS. A. LITTLE. Clerk.
Picture Frames,
1 ADETO ORDER, of any oize,
J *' *- and iu various stvies of moulding, at
BURKE'S BOOKSTORE.
lnmriahl !I^ A<Lapce:
^ix
M .othly 5 00
(for.hream.nthxlui^uUlZ ' Ct *
■wire °f, -^tveRieiig:
iawrriiu’n, M*eia.** A*!! 0 ** Eac)l *ub*ft-
- 1
>U«a
utation
Liberal Cash Advances on
COTTOW.
E > ESPECI FULLY inform the
k> Merchants and planters of Georgia, Florida
and Alabama, that their large
FIRE PROOF WAREHOUSE,
With n Cnpacily wf'A2,000 Bnlca,
is nor ready for the atorageof cotton, and that they
are «ow prepared to
hake liberal cash advances
on cotton in atom and to hold n reasonable length
#f time, charging bank rates oflnterest. If yon want
naoaay, tend your cotton to
GROOVER, STU9BS & CO.,
*eptz-tf Savannah, On.
TTAVE
IJL at the
YOUR PRINTING done
Southern Banner Job Office.
H ave been adopted
the State Boards of Education of
Virginia,
North Carolina,
Alabama, and
Arhanms.
In use in the cities of
Richmond, Va.,
Norfolk, Va.,
Mobile, A la.,
Savannah, Ga.,
Atlanta, Ga., <Cr.
The standard in Orthography and Pronunciation in
Washington and Ijce University,
The University of Virginia,
The College of William and Mary,
The University of Georgia,
'Ihe Wesleyan University, Alabama,
BREWER & TILEsTON,
17 Milk Street,
BOSTON.
BLACKSMITHING.
Attention, the Whole!
r PHE UNDERSIGNED still con-
tinue* the aln»ve business at his old stand,
the BRICK SHOP, ort Prince Avenue, where all
classes of work in his line will be faithfully execu
ted.
Particular attention given to horse-shoeing.
Those in want ol the genuine
HEMPHILL PLOW,
which is now so popular, will do well to call and
buy from the old man himself, llis superior
will al*> be kept on hand.
Thankful for paal patronage, he respectfully i
licit* a continuance of the ame.
W. s. HEMPHILL.
dec 2«;tf
THE MODEL HAGAZ1SE OF AMERICA.
The Largest in Form, the Ixirgest in
Circulation, and the- only original
FASHION MACAZ1SIF.
D EMORESTS ILLUSTRATED
MONTHLY contains original stories new
music, household matters, general and artistic lit
erature, and the only reliable Faahlona, with Full
Siie Patterns. Yearly, only SaOO^with theSpleii-
dld Chrorno,
when he beat their armies in the dead
of winter, or destroyed them by man-
oeuvers not more terrible in effect
than subversive of the best authorities
in military tactics. This reference to
the “ man of destiny” is not appro
priate to the present occasion, save to
illustrate the power of habit and rou
tine ; for the temerity of that man
who violates a canon of conventionali
ty, is worthy of the terrible passage
of the bridge of Lodi, or the charge of
the imperial guard at Waterloo. It is
therefore, gentlemen, with no small
degree of hesitation that I call your
attention to a theme of urgent popular
necessity, upon an occasion by long
usage almost consecrated to the grace
ful amenities ot literature, Bandusian
fountains, Sabine Groves, the vale
of Tempe, the Muses, the Graces, and
all the fairer inhabitants with which
genius has peopled the realms of fan-
sy. It is indeed a most momentous
subject to which I invite your consid
eration. You who have for it curbed
the exuberant spirit of youth into sys
tem an 1 method. You, who, day by
day, toil with manly enthusiasm for
its distinctions of intellect. You who
gather the rich harvests from its crops
of eternal fruitfulness. You who lend
by your fair presence encouragement
to its votaries. You who wish the
amelioration of your species, the pro
gress of civilization, the triumph of
liberty, will surely listen while I advo
cate tiie claim of the people to educa
tion. An humble advocate of a
great thought! True, but what say
you to the cause and the motive ? The
labor of every man is perishable and
vanishing as his life, but the sacred
idea of contributing to the improve
ment, the enlightenment, and the mor
ality of men is transmitted like
heritage, to far off generations, and in
its name the tribute of the obscure la
borer will be perpetuated and immor
talized
The term education has been fre
quently defined, with much metaphys-
| ical nicety, and with great care in the
use of choice and expressive werds.
Since no temporal question is of more
importance, none more justly deserves
careful definition. While the gen
ius of later times has exhausted its
loftiest powers of thought and lan
guage in the task, the grand intellect
of David, the sweet singer of Israel, has
embalmed the thought in living lan
guage, and all others have simply
pirated and paraphrased. “Teach
me true understanding and knowledge,
and I will learn thy laws.” This is
education. If we discipline our pow^
ers of thinking until we possess true
understanding. If we store our minds
with the thoughts and the wisdom of
other men, and other times, until we
acquire true knowledge. If, as a con
sequence, we learn the laws of nature,
the laws of mind, the laws of men, the
laws of God, we are educated. This
definition will be regarded with pccu
liar favor by those who believe that
the law-making power should exercise
watch and ward over education, as the
best means of teaching law, and the
most efficacious of all methods for in
suring obedience toils mandates. The
intention and design of education is
well understood, and I advance at
once to the inquiry, should the State
educate the people? A roan who
would pause to discuss this question
in the centres of European culture and
science would be regarded as a sort of
modern Rip Van Winkle, who had
awaked from the drowsy sleep of
century; and if he should answer the
inquiry in the negative, the thinkers
of Berlin or Paris would regard him
as a lunatic of that aggravated type
which never enjoys a lucid interval.—
We of this country have had little time
for such experience, and the discussion
possesses many features of novelty.—
To deny that the State should educate
the people is to mistake the very ob
ject for which government was design
ed. What is the object of the social
bond ? Protection to life, liberty and
property. Organized encouragement
to morality and virtue. Does ignor
ance further these objects ? If, on the
contrary, we see that more than any
thing else it is the enemy of those great
purposes for which society is designed,
then surely Government—the consti
tuted guardian of society—should
wage an eternal warfare with ignor
ance. If life was a scene of pastoral
enjoyment. If every woman, was an
Amaryllis, and every man a Corydon.
If the whole duty of man was to lead
tractable sheep through green pastures
and by still waters, why need we per-
Corvdon with equations and loga-
our weakness, Blackstone
tells us, has ever made society a neces
sity ; and therefore society should use
every exertion to remedy its well-ascer
tained defects, and when it becomes
apparent to Government that to edu
cate the people is to protect them,
thorough and efficient systems of pop- of
ular education should everywhere be
devised Lad established. The minds
of men are, never passive. They grow
with irrepressible tendencies for good
or evil, and this activity is not hurtful.
“TVhatUman,
If his chief good and market of his time
Be but to sleep and feed. A beast no more—but
Sure, lie that made us with such large discourse,
Looking before aud after, gare us not
That capability, God-like reason
To rust in us unused."
This activity of miud gives a force
and power to the progress of popular
education which can scarcely be com
prehended by those questionable abili
ties which oppose it. It is the march
of intellect, it is the progress of mind,
it is the triumph of reason with van
quished sensuality bound to the glow
ing wheels of her chariot. Bigotry has
condemned it. Fanaticism has burn
ed its advocates at the stake. But in
tolerant ignorance and the machina
tions of priestcraft are alike ineffectual.
Avarice clntches the coffer keys and
strives to fly from its requisitions.
Conservatism deems it innovation and
therefore abhors. Timidity damns it
with faint praise. The demagogue
ho takes his spoils from ignorance
talks deftly of its injustice. The pet
tifogger, whose legitimate realm is with
the Justice of the Peace, soars into
loftier regions, and with the mien of a
Story or a Webster informs the won-
deriug swain taxation for education is
unconstitutional. But is not this the
eternal trial of truth? What recks
the mighty thought the wrangling
discords of the narrow-minded? —
The schoolmaster is abroad, and, great
farmer of souls, he is sowing the
seeds of knol wedge by the wayside—
amid the rocks, ou good ground, and
when the harvest home is celebrated,
men of every kindred and tribe will
raise their triumphant songs, in praise
of the unselfish labor, the provident
forethought, the divine genius, theself-
acrificing patriotism which has sub
dued the animal and perfected the in
tellectual part of our nature.
1. The State should educate the
people as a preventive of crime.
land and Wales, only 28 educated fe
males were brought to the bar of crim
inal justice; and in the year 1841, out
of the same population, not one educa
ted female was committed for trial.
In four of the best taught counties of
England, the number of schools being
one for every 700 inhabitants, the
number of convictions was one a year
for every 1108. In the four worst
taught counties of England, the num
ber of schools being one for every
1501 inhabitants, the number of con
victions was one a year for every 550
inhabitants. That is, in one set
counties the people were twice
as well educated as in the other, and
half as much addicted to crime. In
other words, in proportion as the peo
ple were educated, they were free
from crime.
In the State of New York 1 ,* in 1871,
the ratio of uneducated criminals to the
whole number of uneducated persons
was twenty-eight times as great as the
ration of educated criminals to the
whole number of educated inhabitants.
These facts might be multiplied to
any extent, but what I have cited
abundantly prove that sin follows ig
norance as darkness follows blindness,
or death, suffocation. If this be true,
the converse is also true. Thrift and
Crime in almost every iustance springs
from a habitual or a momentary tri
umph of the passions over the reason.
There is a natural antagonism between
the intellectual and the sensual iu men
and if you give the intellect no strength
the senses, which develope unaided
will become the stronger power. An
idiot, who has no intellect, is usually
shockingly sensual, and among thegross-
ly ignorant and uneducated, a man is a
sensualist simply because he knows no
loftier pleasures. The peasantry of
England of all civilized people are
the least educated, and the amount of
degrading and disgusting crime which
prevails among them is simply incred
ible. The Senate of the University of
Cambridge commissioned a gentleman
to travel among the poorer classes for
the purpose of examining into their
social condition. “ You cannot,” re
ported he, “ address an English peas
ant without being struck with the in
tellectual darkness which surrounds
him.” There is neither speculation
in his eye, nor intelligence in his coun
tenance. His whole expression
mere that of an animal than of a man
About one half of the poor can neither
read or write, have never been to any
school, know little or nothing of the
doctrines of Christian religion, of
moral duties, or of any higher pleas
ure than beer-drinking and spirit
drinking and the grossest sensual in
dulgence. They do not understand
the necessity of avoiding crime beyond
the mere fear of the police and jail.
They have unclear, indefinite and un
definable ideas of all around them.
They eat, drink, breed, work and die,
and while they pass through their
brute-like existence, the richer and
more intelligent classes are obliged to
guard them with police and standing
armies, and to cover the land with pris
ons, cages and all kinds of receptacles
for the perpetrators of crime.”
These are the conclusions of an in
telligent Englishman, after careful in
vestigation, and such are the results of
the absence of education even under
the government of England, where
every other blessing of law and order
is secured to the citizen. This is the
common consequence of ignorance.
How true is the beautiful stanza in the
Deserted Village:
morality are the inseparable compan
ions of intelligence. This is not only
true in private life, but is signally true
of nations. In Iceland, Norway,
Sweden, Denmark, Prussia, Saxouy
and Scotland, where systems of pub
lic instruction iiave been adopted and
enforced, the people are moral, indus
trious, and comparatively happy. The
jails are depleted of their miserable
inmates. Pauperism is unknown,
and so benificent have been the advan
tages of the system, that all men, of
all parties are agreed that to educate
the people is the best, the cheapest,
the most practical preventive of crime,
and at the same time confers inesti
mable benefits which the handcuff, the
policeman, the jail, the penetentiary
and the gallows never can give. When
Dr. Johnson said in his sententious
manner, that “the most miserable
mau is the man who cannot read on
a rainy day,” he simply meant to con
vey the profound truth that to employ
the mind with useful knowledge is to
make it happy’ and to supplant its
vicious propensities, for the idle brain
is the devil’s workshop.
2. The State should educate the
people to increase its agricultural and
mechanical productive power. The
increase of productive power is a prob
lem of the most gigantic important to
the statesman and philanthropist, and
becomes more important as population
uiui.ure.uu, /ss’ishe Pretty," fixe 13x17, worth | p ] ex
rithms ? ' Why store his mind with the
aon Hiawatha’* Wooing, slie, IS x 25, price SIS 00,
for Si 00 extra, or both chromos with the Magazine,
for «. 00 demOREST.
dcc j 833 Broadway, Now A ork.
L ANDRETH’8
mmiDa
TUST RECEIVED, a full supply
r ”new drug store.
sad science of political economy, or
any other science ? Why consign
Amaryllis to a fashionable boarding
school, teach her the piano forte,
French, the science of holding a fan or
sitting gracefully In a chair, and the
imperative duty of silence in public
assemblages, while one is striving to be
beard and understood? But amid q»s-
toral scenesof this charming description
11 Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey:
Where wealth accumulates ami men decay.
Princes and lords mar flourish or may fiiile,
A breath may make them as a breath has made,
But a bold pcasautry, their country’s pride,
When ouce destroyed can never be supplied."
I do not wish to be understood to
say that intellectual training will sup
ply the place of moral culture. But
if the intellect is not so elevated as the
moral powers, it is certainly far above
the region of the passions, from which
the vicious and the criminal derive
their motives, and become fitted to
relish the consequences of their guilt.
The question, fortunately, is easily sus
ceptible of proof. Let U3 see, there
fore, if the majority of those who com
mit crime are persons of education, or
those who are in a state of deplorable
ignorance. Out ot 252,544 commit
ted for crime in England and Wales,
during a series of years, 229,300, or
more than 90 per cent, are reported as
uneducated, either entirely unable to
read and write, or to do so very im
perfectly. 22,159 could read and
write, but not fluently. 1,085, or less
than one-half of one per cent, of the
whqlewere what we call educated per-
sous. In nine consecutive years, be
ginning with the year 1837, out oi
increases. In the first place, an in
telligent naan can do more work than
an ignorant man. And again, intelli
gent minds are more inventive than
ignorant minds, and will therefore in
vent labor-saving machines, and thus
augment the producing power. Hor
ace Mann gives this interesting fact:
Those operatives in factories who can
sign their names to their weekly re
ceipts for money, can do a third more
work, and do it better than those who
make their mark.” A writer on this
subject give this instance: “ A gen
tleman of my acquaintance,” said he,
“ had frequent need of the aid of a
carpenter. The work to be done was
not regular carpentry, but various odd
jobs, alterations and adaptations, to
suit special wants, and not little time
and material were wasted in the mis
takes of successive workmen employed
At length a workman was sent who
was a German, from the Kingdom of
Prussia. After listening attentively
to the orders given, aud doing what he
could to understand what his employer
wanted, Michael would whip out his
pencil and in two or three minutes
with a tew rapid lines would present a
sketch of the article so clear that any
one could recognize it at a glauee. It
could be seen at once whether the in
tention of the employer had been
rightly conceived, and whether it was
practicable. The consequence was,
that so long as Michael was employed,
there was no more waste of materials
and time, no more vexations failures.
Michael was not more skillful as
workman than mauy others, who had
preceded him. But his knowledge of
drawing gained from the system of
public instruction in Prussia, made his
services worth from fifty cents to a
dollar a day more than those of his
fellow-workinen
What is true of drawing, is true of
every other branch of scientific edu
cation. Increase intelligence and you
multiply inventions. The cotton gin
the sewing machine, the steam engine,
would never have been invented by
ignorant mechanics. If the steam en
gine alone were to cease working to
day thousands would starve to death
in the populous centres of the world
before help could lie afforded. The
steam power of Great Britain alone,
equals the laboring power of four hun
dred millions of men. Steam power
through the world, equals the working
power by manual labor of four worlds
like ours. Commerce, agriculture, war
fare, the mechanic arts, have under
gone a complete revolution, because of
an invention not a century old, and
this the work of au educated mechanic.
Almost every industrial pursuit is de
pendent upon science. Chemistry is
doing for agriculture what steam has
done for mechanics. The farmer
doubles his crop by applying a knowl
edge of chemistry to the soil. We ab
solutely fatten cattle on scientific
principles. The physiologist has prov
en that to produce animal heat neces
sitates a waste of substance, and the
farmer now keeps his cattle warm and
saves his fodder! Tf government will
diffuse knowledge among the people it
pours into their laps a cornucopia of
substantial blessings. It feeds the
hungry, it clothes die naked and shel
ters the houseless, and thereby accom
plishes some of the great objects for
which government was designed.
The State should educate the people,
noranoe is the most crushing and re
lentless tyranny that ever tried to
throttle the genius of freedom. “ The
greatest despotism, said DeToc-
queville, is an excited, untaught public
sentiment When I feel the land of
power lie heavy on my brow, I care
not to know who oppresses me, the
yoke is not the easier because it is held
out to me by a million of men. A
mob has been truly called a monster
with many heads and few brains. The
necessity of popular education, to de
stroy the despotism of ignorance, is no
where so manifest as in that state
where the people enjoy, what are call
ed free institutions, ha.a-1 u mid the
right of universal suffrage. When a
man is permitted to say who shall
make, judge and execute law, he
should certainty be able to exercise the
power of judicious selection. The ig
norant and the untaught arc every
where the dupes, of designing and un
scrupulous demagogues. On the
other hand how rare is it that a man
oi trained aud cultivated intellect, is
cajoled or cheated by the insidious arts
of th» political charlatan. The mass
of mankind aae honest. If they err.
they err unwittingly. Give them the
tempered armor of reason, with which
education cases the emot'ons, and
their mighty hearts are savud from the
designing, the knavish, the trimming,
the false and all the attacks of that
foul and disgusting flock of political
harpies who hover near to bear away
with tlieir hooked talons, the rich ban
quet provided by the people’s honest
toil. Intelligence and virtue, are of
all things the most indispensable to the
success of Republican forms of Govern
ment, and since education is the only
universal means, of imparting intelli
gence, and cs we have seen virtue, the
necessity of geueral education will he
perhaps admitted. The admission is
very well, but it amounts to nothing,
if it gives birth to no action iu the
cause of education. If we can induce
the people to think ou this subject we
will arouse the instinct of self preserv
ation, and they will exert tlieir ener
gies and spend their money lavishly
in educating themselves. Have you
ever thought, what terrible calamities
the brute force of ignorant suffrage
can entail on you ? Have you ever
thought of the unrestricted power of
those laws, which if good preserve you
from all evil, but if i.ad, like the shirt
of Nessus envelop only to poison and
destroy ? There is no solitude to
which they do not penetrate, there is
no temporal interest which they do
not reach. They may destroy the
right to acquire property. They may
make good reputation a bar to social
privileges and dest tactions. They may
destroy religious freedom. They may
tail to remedy wrongs, and yet prevent
a man from redressing his own injur
ies. Natural society, aye, 1 a harism,
is far pi eferable to this. Permit me to
ask who makes the law for us ? In
Georgia any man who has paid his
poll tax, and lived in the State six
months, possesses an irrevocable right,
to vote away and dispose of the most
momentous interests of society. I am
not condemning the practice of u live;
sal suffrage ; it is not pertinent to this
discussion that I should. But since
universal suffrage creates a partnership
unlimited and perpetual, it is of the
first importance, that the members of
the firm should comprehend the busi
ness and possess the ability to dis
charge their appropriate duties. Let
me ask one of the great merchants
present, who has left his counting
room, to'relax his energies amid these
classic shades, how would you, sir, en
joy this occasion, if a moment ago you
had received a telegram, that your
partner w‘as embarking in the most
hazardous of speculations, and that
you stood a very fair chance of becom
ing a beggar? My dear sir, you would
tremble with indignation and anxiety,
and the lightning is hardly swift
enough to flash your mandates to ar
rest the injury. You have partners,
who are doing more than this to ruin
the firm. They are influential; yes
omnipotent, and they arc blind with
the darkness of ignorance in their
minds, and its twin-evil sensuality ill
their hearts, and unless you give the
light of knowledge to their sightless
eyes, they will destroy the State and
with it your fortuues as surely as the
blind Hebrew giant hurled the temple
down on the scoffing lords of the Philis-
tia. Ah you little reck the tragic
power that slumbers in their sinewy
frames. A voter is in certain sort,
connected with every branch of the
government and you of all people, ap
preciate what fearful results befal so
ciety, if at the ballot box we witness
ignorance in a baleful ascendant.
One period in the history of Georgia
saw the surrender of the entire ma-
distinguishing between tbs obligation
of a contract, sod tlm remedy whacks
obliged permit a popular iodufeeffiee ofi
what the austre Warner called ** the*
dangerous luxury of dkooneety.* The-
treasury wee plundered, the criminal
pardoned of the most heinous offences,-
the jail doors opened and society in--
fectcd with a teeming brood of miscre
ants, more numerous than the count
less swarms of the Northern Hive.—
Behold the reign of ignorance. Thank
God, Kke the children of Israel from',
the land of Egypt, we have been fcd
forth, from the destruction^ and peril*
which environed us, and it is a fart
worthy of notice, that of the official! ’
acts of the noble gentleman, who iw’
leading us back to good (government
among the fint was to giv* to life-'
University of Georgia the mana tor
educate 200 additional students. Let
the good work go on, and we will reach-
the lofty elevation, among the nation*-
of the world for which Providence de
signed us. as surely as His ancient
people found the green fields and fe»-
tile valleys oi Cancan.
The State should educate the people,
to preserve that ancient bulwark o£
personal right and freedom, trial bjr'
jury. Nothing can be of more im
portance, than this. Indeed Lord
Brougham tells us government itself de
pends upon twelve good men In a boi.
Every question of human interest may
bh‘ submitted to their arbitrament —
Fortune, reputation, life, liberty, these
are the every day’s trusts of a jury.—
Enter a court of justice. Look at the
terrrihle anxiety of the parties, who»b-
naine, whose property, whose life per
haps, depends upon the intelligence of
those twelve men. What assurance-
have you, save that from intelligence,
and the virtue which springs from it,.
those men will do their duty. Who
would like to trust his legal rights os'
his personal liberty to the Carolina
jury, who when told to retire and find!
their verdict, after remaining out *
long while, reported, that they had
mode dilligent search through all the
papers and through every part of the
jury room, and that they could Out
find the verdict, it mu t be tost ? It ia
an inherent right of the citizen to be
tried by his peers. Let the law then*
make all men peers in the noble aris
tocracy of intellect, and we .will hear
no more of ignorant juries and unfair
trials. Why need we extend the ar
guments ? The man b made to be ed
ucated. The burning thirst of our
minds must be quenched at the pure
springs «f knowledge, or by the foul
waters of seething passions. Therefore
when we love knowledge with an era-
during love, with a love commensurate
with fife, we love that which will-
strengthen, beautify, and never desert
us, which will make us all monarch*
of the kingdom of thought, and of the
boundless realms of fancy which will,
shield us from the stings and arrows-
of outrageous fortune, which will dis
arm the cruelty and injustice of this
scurvy and disastrous world, and above
all, will nurture an honest pride,
which will inflame in a moment a
thousand contemptuous disdains at the
veriest hint of meanness and of fraud.
It would seem that the argument b
conclusive that no man can deny the
advantages and necessity of State ed
ucation. There are, however, certain
respectable persons to be found every-i
where, who, are what they call “ set
in their views,” an attribute in which
they are rivalled by a certain domestic
animal not entirely unknown tc fame.
The slogan of this doss b, “ no inno
vation.” Worthies of thb stamp im
prisoned Galileo, berated Columbus,
laughed Fulton to scoru, scoffed at
railroads, pronounced the telegraph
a humbug, and in my judgment, the-,
same sort of people crucified the Sa
vior of mankind. The modern varie
ty of the species cousbta usually in
men of severe demeanor, full of " wise
.-aws and ancient adages,” and like Sir
Oracle, when they open their mouths;
all dogs must cease to hark. There
philosophers say that the business of
education, like any other business,
must be governed by the law of supply
and demand, and that the supply of
educated men wifi be regulated by the
demand. An educated man, say
they, is like a lawyer or a doctor, or iu
blacksmith, or a tailor, if needed iu
any community these important func
tionaries will make their appearance..
Our philosopher mistakes the nature
of the want to be satbfied. Every
one feeb the demauds ot hb system
for nutriment and clothing, the pinch-
ings of hunger, the winter wind, as it
bites and blows upon hb body, or the
necessity of medical services wheat
sick, or the need of counsel to vindi
cate hb cause against the attack of
fraud or crime. These natural neces
sities are appreciated as readily by the
v that they may preserve inviolate, the
f holy rights of civil liberty. I need
chinery of Government to the ignor- j untaught as by the educated; by the-
ant. It will be forever remembered j Esquimaux who strikes the Walrus in<
as one of the most terrible and sombre i the frozen seas, or the negro, who
periods through which a people ever | “ stems the tepid wave and panto-
passed. The ignorant at the polls along the fine.” Not so of the neces-
placcd the ignorant in power. The
legislative hails, which once rang to
the musical accents of Lumpkin, the
splendid reasoning nf Hill, the states
man-like arguments of Cobb, the
thundering eloquence of Toombs, now
resounded to the guffaws of Cuffee,
who could not restrain hb delight at! stances where uneducated men
the Attic witticism of the “ Gammon” to educate their ehildren. Bi
from the North, an illustrious person
age, who has rendered historical the
unpretending carpet bag. From the
chief Executive to the meanest officbl,
with a few honorable exceptions,
thieving was a daily avocation, and so
exciting were the villainies of the times
that even to the honest, honesty was
rapidly becoming a very state and un
interesting virtue.
On judicial officers, with a few hon
orable exceptions, were exemplars of
incompetence and venality. Did ig
norance of the law excuse crime, these
worthies would enjoy forever the most
absolute immunity from punishment,
and if perchance a man of shrewdness
and astuteness was placed upon the
bench, with unscrupulous adroitness,
he would devise excuses to escape
sity for knowledge. To appreciate
education one must himself be educat
ed. The want of education b not one
af these wants, which, likp hunger or
thirst, force themselves on the atten
tion and which can therefore be left to
themselves. There are occasional in-
strive
ut the
man who knows from hb own experi
ence what wonderful blessiogs educa
tion confers, will provide schools for
his children as certainly as he will pro
vide them with food or clothing.—
There are many men who say, because
they had no education their children
shall have none. “Their raisin’ b
good enough for their children. Hate
to see a chap tryiu’ to be smarter than
hb daddy, anyhow.” Had thb princi
ple of action been universal, we would
have made no improvement on the
condition of our first parents. These
well-dressed gentlemen would be driving
like Adam, and the ladies, who are
giving me such cordial attention, spin
ning like Eve. Or, if Dai win b right,
we, like our remote ancestors, would
be hairy creatures with prehensile
