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BvunsUiicU Jtiriuudt<.
BY CHARLES DAVIS.]
VOLUME 2.
BRUNSWICK ADVOCATE
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PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY MORNING, IN THE CITY OF BRUNSWICK, GLYNN COUNTY, GEORGIA
BRUNSWICK, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 25, 1838.
POETRY.
THE DEATH OF THE BRAVE.
BY THOMAS O. SPEAR.
How sweet the sleep the soldier finds,
Whose brow the wreath of victory binds,
When, mark'd with scars, and tir’d of arms,
He leaves the camp’s, the world’s alasmr,
And lies, in peace, contented down,
Embalm and with names of high renown !
His bed of rest the verdant sod,
By freedom bless and, by freemen trod—
His monument some grateful mound
Achiev’d on consecrated ground—
His patriot life a shining light,
To guide the valiant heart aright.
For him his country’s sons repeat
The story of each gallant feat—
For him they laud his triumphs won,
His fields well fought, his deeds well done—
And guard the memory of his name,
As link’d with her's in deathless fame.
When in the fight the brave are slain,
Their burial rites are rude and plain:
But when in peace the chieftain dies,
For him a nation's thunder flies,
And graceful droops, in martial gloom,
Her standard's drapery round his tomb.
As breaks the mast before the storm,
Or oak, "neath shafts of lightning warm,
So falls the veteran’s hardy frame,
Trained in the ranks of martial fame,
And bears, with ciurage wise and strong,
His country's pride and strcuglh along.
The ocean's dirge is on the gale,
Where screams the bird or flaps the sail—
The land's lament around his pall
Has ceased, with music's mournful fall,
And funeral bands have laid the brave
To slumber in his warrior grave.
[These lines were received for publication
early in August, having been suggested by
the then recent death of a distinguished Na
val officer: and it is the fault of . the editors
that they have not appeared more immediate
ly after the event which they commemorate.
Editors Nat. Int.]
M ISCELLAIY.
[From Alexander's Weekly Messenger.]
MAJOR GENERAL ANTHONY WAYNE.
T he history of the patriots and heroes
of the revolution of the American colo
nies, cannot be too often read by the pres
ent an.l rising generation. To appreciate
properly the liberty we now enjoy, is one
grand step towards its perpetuity. In or
der to do this, we be made acquaint-!
ed with the high price of its purchase,
with the torrents of blood it cost, with the
millions of treasure that were expended,
and with the unparalleled sufferings, pa
tience, perseverance, and bravery, of those
who were the principal actors in that me
morable scene. Among them, the name
of Anthony W ayne stands conspicuous.
He was born in Chester County, Penn
sylvania, on the first of January, 1745.
His father was a respectable farmer and
placed his son in an academy at Philadel
phia, where he acquired a good English |
education. He was particularly partial to j
the study of mathematics, and made him-1
self acquainted with surveying and engi-j
neering at an early age. His taste for mili- j
tary tactics manifested itself when he was
but a boy. His father and grandfather:
were both men of military prowess, and as |
young Anthony listened to the history of
their exploits, he contemplated, with en
thusiastic ardor, the field of battle, the
clash of arms, and the shouts of victory.
With these feelings he arrived at man
hood.
In 1773, he succeeded his father as a
member of the colonial assembly, where
he at once took a decided stand in favor
of liberal principles and equal rights. He
did much to rouse the people of Pennsyl
vania to a just sense of impending danger,
and increasing oppression. Ilis boldness
inspired confidence, and his energy pre
pared for action. He prefered digging a
grave with his sword, moistened by the
blood of liis enemies, rather than submit
to foreign dictation, based upon tyranny,
and enforced by the task-master of the
crown.
In 1 775, he received a colonel’s com-!
mission, and, in a short time, raised a fine;
regiment of soldiers in his native county, j
Soon after, he marched under General
Thompson in his expedition against Cana
da. When that officer, with iiis little ar
my, was defeated and taken prisoners, Col.
Wayne, although severely wounded, con
ducted himself with great bravery, and
manifested unusual calmness, presence of
mind, and skill, in effecting a retreat. —
from that time forward, his military fame
rose and expanded, until it reached the
maximum of his patriotic ambition, the
pinnacle of his ardent desires.
In 17<G, his services w’ere very useful
on the northern frontier, conducting the
engineer department, in addition to the
duties of his commission. lie gained the
confidence of his superiors, and the friend
ship of all around him. Ilis course was
onward and upward; his merits were too
[conspicuous to pass unnoticed, and, at the
close of the campaign of t(jat year, he was
presented with the commission of Briga
dier General. This was a just compli
ment to his talents—a merited reward for
his active services.
He next signalized himself at the battle
of Brandywine, and, with inferior force, for
a long time maintained his position at
Chad’s ford, and prevented the British
troops from passing. After the partial
defeat of the American army on that occa
sion, general Wayne, with the division un
der his command, was ordered by Gen.
Washington to keep the enemy at bay,
preparatory to another attack. The invad
ing army was stationed at what was then
called Fredyffrin. Gen. Wayne encamp
ed about three miles in the rear of its left
wing, near the Faoli tavern, and endea
vored to use every precaution against be
ing taken by surprise. On the night of
the 20th of September, 1777, he w’as sud
denly attacked by a division under Gen.
Gray, who rushed upon the Americans
with fixed bayonets, and killed and wound
ed about 150 of them. Gen. Wayne over
whelmed by superior numbers, retreated a
short distance, rallied mid formed his men,
and was no farther pursued. At his own
request, a court martial investigated his
conduct on that unfortunate occasion, and
decided that he had faithfully performed
his duty, and had fully sustained his reputa
tion as a brave and skilful officer. Not
the slightest blame was attached to him.
At the battle of Germantown, he led his
men on to action, with a boldness and im
petuosity that carried terror into the ranks
of Briton’s veterans. In that gallant ac
tion he had two horses shot, and was him
self wounded in the left foot and hand.—
When a retreat was ordered, no officer
manifested more skill in protecting his
men Iron the pursuing enemy than Gen.
Wayne.
He was uniformly selected by the com
mamler-in-chief to conduct hazardous and
bold enterprizes, to reconnoitre the Brit
ish army, collect supplies, &,c. His ener
gy was of the most vigorous and decisive
tone. This’spirit he always manifested
whether on the field of battle or in a coun
cil of war. Proviotis totho baltU of Mon- 1
mouth, lie and Gen. Cadwallader were]
the only officers who at first coincided
with Gen. Washington in favor of attack
ing the British army. So bravely did Gen.
Wayne acquit himself on the day of that
signal victory over the enemy, that Wash
ington made particular mention of his
name, above all others, in his report to
Congress.
In July, 1779, Gen. Wayne was com
missioned to perform a most bold and dar
ing attempt. Stony Point was in posses
sion of the enemy strongly fortified, with
a fort filled with heavy ordnance. This
fort was on an eminence, and in its ad
vance were formidable breast works at
every accessible point, and in advance of
these was a double row of abittis. Col.
Johnson commanded the garrison, and had
six hundred men, principally the famous
Highlanders, the most brave and brawny
troops of the British army. A number of
vessels of war were moored in the river,
and all things combined to render the ati
tack one of doubtful success with a far
superior force. But it was the very kind of
undertaking to nerve the brave spirit of
Wayne.
On t lie evening of the 15th, at 8 o’clock
in the evening, he arrived within a mile
and a half of the fort, and immediately
made arrangements for the attack, the or
der of which is worthy of notice. The
hour of midnight was fixed as the time for
the desperate assault. Every officer and
non-commissioned officer was held respon
sible for each man in his platoon. No
soldier was permitted to quit the ranks
under any pretext, until the general halt
near the,fort, and then to be accompanied
by an officer. When the troops arrived
in the rear of the hill on which the fort
stood, Col. Fehiger formed his regiment
in solid column of a half platoon in front.
Col. Meigs formed in his rear, and Major
Hull in the rear of Meigs, thus forming
the right column, the left being formed
in the same manner, by Col. Butler and
Major Murphy. Every officer and sol
dier then placed a piece of white paper
in front of his hat or cap, that each might
be recognized when mingled with the en
emy in the fort. Col. Flemy was put in
command of 150 picked men, and sta
tioned about twenty paces in front of the
right column, with unloaded muskets and
fixed bayonets, placing twenty of his bold
est men, with an officer, a little in front
of his main body, whose duty it was,
when the attack commenced, to secure
the sentries and remove the abattis,
that the main column might pass without
obstruction. The same disposition was
made of the left column. The main col
umns were to follow the advance with
shouldered unloaded muskets, placing
their whole reliance upon the bayonet.
Any soldier who departed in a single par
ticular from the orders given, was to be
instantly killed by his officer.
I A reward of SSOO was offered to the
first man who entered the fortification, 400
to the next, 300 to the next, 200 to the next
and 100 to the fifth. The arrangements
being complete, the word‘march’ was giv
en, the right wing being led by Gen. Wayne
and Col. Febiger, and the left by Col.
Butler and Major McPherson. Never
were orders more strictly obeyed to the
letter; death or victory was stamped on
every heart. So simultaneous was the
attack by each division, and so equally
rapid their movements, that they met in
the centre of the fort. The victory was
as complete and triumphant as the assult
was bold and overwhelming. All this was
accomplished without a gun being dis
charged by the Americans, who advanced
under a heavy shower of grape and can
ister from the artillery of the garrison,
which was immediately, upon the surren
der, turned by the conquerors against the
ships of war in the river, which compell-l
ed them to slip their cables and move
further down. Fifty-seven of the enemy
were killed, and five hundred and forty
three taken prisoners. In the midst of
the assault, Gen. Wayne was severely
wounded in the head with a musket ball,
which he believed to be mortal. He im
mediately rose on one knee, and cried,
“onwanjL my brave fellows, onward,” re
quested liis aids to carry him into the fort,
that he might die amidst the shouts of
victory. The garrison made a determined
resistance at every point. Out of the
forlorn hope of twenty, commanded and
led on by Lieutenant Gibson, seventeen
were killed or wounded. Had the Amer
ican soldiers, after entering the fort, open
ed a fire upon the enemy, the slaughter
would have been sanguinary indeed.
But Gen. Wayne preferred setting an ex
ample of mercy by a humifhe and liberal
course of treatment towards his conquered
foes, proving himself as magnanimous as he
was brave and triumphant. His noble
soul soared above the mean spirit of re
talation, he was as generons as he was
bold and daring.
Shortly after the surrender, Wayne,
although writhing under his severe wound,
addressed the following concise and lacon
ic note to Gen. Washington,
i “Stony Point, July 16, 1779, 2 o’clock,
[A. M.
“Dear General, —The fort and garrison
with Col. Johnson, are our’s: our officers
and men behaved like men determined to
be free.
“Yours, most sincerely,
“Anthony Wayne.
“Gen. Washington.”
Here is a sample worthy of the notice
of a large proportion of the elaborate let
ter writers of the present era, so prolific
with verbosity often running into the
maze of ambiguity and tedious repetition.
Our speech makers may also accept a
modest hint from the same source, and
should it have a practical influence upon
their judgments, and cause them to say
hss and do more, millions will be saved
to the States and our nation annually.
So highly did Congress appreciate the
capture of Stony Point, that on the 2(ith
of the same month, the following resolu
tions were unanimously passed by that au
gust assembly.
“Resolved unanimously, That the thanks
of Congress be given to his excellency
General Washington, for the vigilance, wis
dom, and magnanimity with which lie has
conducted the military operations ofthese
States; and which are, among many other
signal instances, manifested in his orders
for the late glorious enterprise and suc
cessful attack on the enemy’s fortress on
the hanks of the Hudson river.
“Resolved unanimously, That the
thanks of Congress be presented to Brig
adier-General Wayne, for his brave, pru
dent, and soldierly conduct, in the spirit
ed and well conducted attack on Stony
Point.
“Resolved unanimously, That Congress
entertain a proper sense of the good con
duct of the officers and soldiers under the
command of Brigadier-General Wayne,
in the assault of the enemy’s works at
Stony Point, and highly commend the
coolness, discipline, and firm intrepidity,
exhibited on that occasion.
‘ Resolved unanimously, That lieutcn
i ant colonel Henry, and major Steward,
who, by their situation in leading the two
| attacks, had a more immediate opportuni
ty of distinguishing themselves, have by
their personal achievements,exhibited a,
bright example to their brother soldiers,
and merit, in a particular manner, the ap
probation and acknowledgments of the
United States.
“Resolved unanimously, That Congress
warmly approve and applaud the cool deter
mined spirit with which lieutenants Gib
i bons and Knox led on the forlorn hope,
braving danger and death in the cause ol
| their country.
! “Resolved unanimously, That a medal,
emblematical of this action be struck.
That one in gold be presented to brigadier
general Wayne, and a silver one to lieu
igpnant Henry and major Steward respec
tively.
“Resolved unanimously, That brevets
of captain be given to lieutenant Gibbons
and lieutenant Knox.
“Resolved unanimously, That the bre
vet of captain be given to Mr. Archer,
the bearer of the general’s letter, and vol
unteer aid to brigadier general Wayne.
“Resolved unanimously, That Congress
approve the promises of reward made by
brigadier General Wayne, with the con
currence of the commander-in-chief, to
the troops under his command.
“Resolved unanimously, That the val
ue of the military stores taken at Stony
Point, be ascertained, anJ divided among
the gallant troops by whom it was reduc
ed, in such manner and proportion as the
commander-in-chief shall prescribe.
“Extract from the minutes.
Ciias. Thompson, Secretary.
The letter of Mr. Jay, the President
of the Continental Congress, to Gen.
Wayne, enclosing a copy of these resolu
tions, is worthy of notice, showing the
concise and systematic mode of doing
business at that time. The following is a
copy:
“Philadelphia, July 27th, 1779.
“Sir —Yonr late glorious achievements
have merited, and now receive the appro
bation and thanks of your country. They
are contained in the enclosed act of Con
gress, which I have the honor to trans
mit*
“Th is brilliant action adds lustre to
our arms, and will teach the enemy to res
pect our power, if not to imitate our hu
manity. You have nobly reaped laurels
in the cause ofyour country, and in fields
of danger and death. May these prove
the earnest of more, and may victory ever
bear your standard, and Providence be
your shield.
“I have the honor to be, &,c.
“John Jav, President.”
Here is a mult uni in parvo worthy of
imitation. No circumlocution, no labor
ed effort, byt plain common sense, every
line breathing patriotism of the highest
order.
Gen. Wayne was remarkable for pres
ence of mind when overtaken by sudden
emergencies. When in the vicinity of
James River, he was deceived by false
information, which led him to believe
the main body of the Britisli army had
passed ovdr. lie advanced for the pur
pose of attacking what he supposed was
only the rear guard, when he unexpected
ly found himself opposed by the whole
force commanded by Lord Cornwallis in
person, formed in line of battle. lie im
mediately led his troops on, and commenc
ed a bold attack with only eight hun
dred men, which led Cornwallis to be
lieve it was a feint for the purpose of lead
ing hint into an ambuscade. This gave
Gen. Wavne an opportunity of retreating
without being pursued by an overwhelm
ing force, by \yhich his little hand would
have been cut to pieces or taken prison
ers.
In 1781 he was put in command of the
forces in Georgia, where he signalized
himself in various sanguinary but victo
rious engagements with the enemy, and
finally succeeded in driving them from the
State, and planted the standard of freedom
upon the ruins of tyranny, and the firm
basis of eternal justice. Asa reward for
his services, the legislature of that State
presented him with a valuable plantation,
proving that republicans are not always
ungrateful. He continued in active ser
vice until the glorious object for which he
had fought and hied was fully accomplish
ed, the British veterans conquered, and
the independence of his country acknowl
edged and recognised. Then, and not
before, he sought the enjoyments of do
mestic life, and retired to the bosom of
his family, with the laurels of a well earn
ed and lasting fame. But few of the he
roes of the revolution saw as much hard
service as Gen. Wayne, hnd no one ac
quitted himself more nobly.
In 1789 he was a member of the Penn
jsylvania delegation, and strongly advocat
, ed the adoption of the federal constitution.
|He was as efficient and energetic in the
legislative hall, as he had been bedd and
; daring on the field of battle,
i In 1792, Gen. Wayne succeeded Gen.
St. Clair in the command of the army en
gaged in the subjugation of the western
Indians, who were constantly committing
depredations upon the frontier settle
ments. He formed an encampment at
i Pittsburg, and spent some time in prepar
‘ ing his troops for vigorous action by tlior
j ough discipline and perfect subordination.
So determined were the savages to resist
the encroachments of the whites, that the
most of the then powerful tribes combin
ed their force, and became a formidable
enemy. To meet them on their own
peculiar mode of warfare, was the only
way to subdue thorn. For this service it
: required time and energy to prepare the
army. When he had accomplished that*
Gen. Wayne commenced his march, and
in the autumn of ’93 he had penetrated as
far as Greenville, six miles from fort Jes-.
! ferson, where he established his winter
! quarters. He immediately erected fortifi
cations around his camp, and also con-
TTERMW *3 IN ADVANCt.
NUMBER 2L
structed fort Recovery on the grbuhrf'
where the Americans had been defeat
ed two years before. He collected the
scattered remains of the men who fell
beneath the murderous hand of the
enemy, on the 4th of November, 17$1,
and had them buried with all the hon
ors of war. The presence of this ar
my in their very midst, prevented the In
dians from disturbing the white settlements
during the winter. It was late the ensu
ing season before supplies arrived, and it
was not until the Bth of August tliat Gent
Wayne arrived at the junction of the riv
ers AuGlaiz and Miami, where he etefct
ed a fort for the protretion of his military
stores.
About thirty miles from that place the
English had previously erected a fortifica
tion, near which the combined force of
the Indian warriors had assembled. On
the 18th, the army was again in motion,
and on the 19th, arrived at the Miami
rapids. After erecting a fortification for
the protection of his baggage, Wayne sent
out a party to learn the exact position of
the savages. They were advantageously
posted in a dense forest in the rear of the
British fort. .jm.
On the 29th, the order of aHack war
arranged, and the troops advanced to
wards the enemy. After marching about
five miles, the front, led on by Major
Price, was so strongly opposed by the In
dians stationed behind trees, that it be
came prudent to fall back. At that mo
ment the order of “trail arms, advance,”
ran through the lines with electric veloci
ty and effect, as it thundered from the
lips of Wayne, and in a few moments th&
red men were flying in every direction,
closely pursued by the victorious troop*
for two miles. So precipitate was their re
treat, that the volunteers, led on by Gen.
Scott to turn their left Bank, found in
their place nought but trees like men
standing, but not like men, running for
their lives. Notwithstanding the force of
the savages, and their advantageous posi
tion at the commencement of the engage
ment, opening a deadly fire from the thick
et, which concealed them from view, the
American army sustained a loss of only
thirty-three killed and one hundred wound
ed. From that signal defeat the Indians
never recovered. They fled before fire
and sword, their corn fields and villages
were destroyed, their power paralysed,,
and a chain of forts established through
the “far west,” which kept them in con
stant awe.
The result of the operations of Gcu.
Wayne was a general and definitive treaty
with the red men, who were compelled to
bury the tomahawk and smoke the pipe of
peace.
This treaty was ratified on the 3d of
August, 1795, and tranquility spread her
soul-cheering mantle over Columbia’s soil,
from the shores of the Atlantic to the
western lakes. Gen. Wayne continued in
the “far west” for the purpose of com
pleting the chain of fortifications under
his charge, until he fell a prey to disease,
and closed his brilliant, bold, useful, and
eventful career, in a hut on Presque Isle,
in December, 1794, and was buried on
the shores of Lake Erie, deeply mourned
and universally lamented. In 1809 his.
remains were removed by his son, Isaac
Wayne, Esq. to his native county, and tic
posited in the cemetery of St. David's
Church, where the Pennsylvania State
Society of the Cincinnati have erected-a
beautiful monument, appropriately id*,
scribed to his memory. Although cut'off
at the age of 51 years, he lived long
enough to fill the measure of his coun*:
try’s glory, and see the star spangled ban
ner wave in triumph over his native lhitd.
His patriotic soul then ascended in peaco
to reap the rich reward of its labors in-a
brighter world beyond the skies.
Ammokius.
Philadelphia, Sept, 1838,
Gambling on a large Scale. A let
ter from Dublin, in the London Times*
says that rumors were current to'tbevflbct
that an Irish peer, who succeeded*: Oh the
death of his father, to an estate of J&t&,000
a year, and nearly .£IOO,OOO in-ttMPfhtids*
had lost every shilling ocet which he had
control by gaming* even to his life-interest
in his magnifioent entailed, estate. 'Two
other members of the peerage are said to
have had the plucking of this fat pigeon.
From some hints thrown eat in the-let ter,
we inter that the “Irish peer* is no other
than Powersoonrt* whn was in this,
city not very long ago, and who so griev-.
oosly disappointed some of oar belles, it
is said, by marrying M daughter- of the
Earl of Roden.--[N. Xt Qbin. Advertiser.
,- t -|
Post 'Offices, In- 1790 the whole
number of Post offices in the United
States was 75, the extent of poet road*..
1,875 miles. In 1838 the number of ofk
ficeais 12,431, and the post rqjids 30,500,-
000 milea in length.
If you have lost yoar oredit, be- indus
trious and honest, and- vp» will regain,it.