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SIP GODFREY DE BOUILLON.
|<op) right IP. 1
F*“ )t< (J| til# (MU# of IN#
uotil Wiillmu II **f »itf*
j ?hr)i P*!r*(in# Ho #M* H
0 furtctHii (mfvitnl #v#r |*i*##Hl
tltruUflti thr Holy With
Uie tmyftM and • rrttaua moal»Uft#
ut mtstalata of atata, rotirt lirtt* 'Si*,
gobln, troufw larkara. ***'•*•
mm and maala anal a acor# ut WWW
newspaper ootru«|Min(itul>. nanilwrtuit
ta all muru than t.wwa wutauw*. Iw haa
aiada a a tail ta the nan*i tutfiuatiiij
larnt in all tha world and with umra ;
grandeur Ilian that displayed by tha
mediiaval king
|Cmper<ir William* vlatt t*> tha lldy
Land It la slated, haa (to piirpoae*
Ona la te ruature th* pantry in w hit b
tha Christian it llalmi tlrut *»w the ll*ht
of ,tay to the Chrtatlan people, and the
second I* to fIBMI a place to fountl colo
nies for hi* *uhje<t* wba leave the home
avttntry la search of new ftehte where
they may enjoy the frulta of theii la
bor* and Mill remain true to the father
land The Get man* who *o to America
lareiiia Americanised ra|ildly. anil thl*
pain* William to such on extent that he
ha* determined to keep hi* people under
hi* rule no far a* p«»»»!M«\ !!<■ «!**> hole**
before lona to add a part of A*ia Minor.
Including Palestine to hi* tlomlnlon*.
and for all thl* and al*o to lie prgaetU
.at the dedication of the Herman l.u- j
theran church *1 Jerusalem did WII- ;
limn undertake lit* crusade Into the ;
laud wheru Christianity "a* born.
With the advent Into the Holy Hand
of the Herman emperor a new lnter"*t
ha* krlsett in the tnodt hlatorlc eotmtry
la the world, and all eye* are now turn
ed to the plat* which I* not ortlv ntem- .
otalile bream*' ChrlM "a» born wltlilu
It* border*, but al*o liet auae of It*• t ec
old*. tvhleh are *t«lncd with the bloto
of hundred* of thousand* of brave lit .
tutd women who went there to Ink
the land out or the hand* of nonbe
liever*.
I’uleatlae border* on the Mediterra- ;
neatt eea Wnd la in the aouthorn iiortltm 1
of A*la Minor. It lie* between Turkey !
in A*la proper on the north and Arabia
Petraui on the south. The limit* of the
ot'unli y cannot he stated with any de
gree of exact no**. So far as can lie
ascertained It* length I* * lltlle mote
than 1M tnile*. w ith a varying width of
from 2* to KO mtlea. The area of the
portion \ve*t of the Jordan I* fe.tHO
aquare mile*, while that of the east ha*
been eatimatad at ;i,SOO square mtlea.
Thl* la thi' modern Palestine. The
tuiclent Palestine was much amaller.
It Included only the KoutUern por
tion of the const legion. In Its geo
graphical make up the country la more
peculiar thnn any of the surrounding
land*. It ta a place of hills and valley*
and a wonderful variety of tempera
tures. Through the center Is u table- j
land'with an average elevation of l.« 00 ,
feet, upon Whose rugged edge* stand ,
several of the ancient elites, with their j
old fortifications gradually going to
piece*.
Along the coa*t the land la low and
barren. Here the heat is Intense, while
on the hills, plateaus and mountain
sides the temperature varies. It never
grows exceedingly cold, however, and |
while snow falls about Jerusalem and;
on the hills It Is never cold enough te :
freese the ground. The descent from ;
the bentral tableland on the ebst Is very
steep. On the west the Mope
mam#*. wfciHt run tfevtMMtfi cwmtt y
frum net end to the «*thrr *iw ruggad
and dtwol.i etrd The hlg'ieet peak* »r*
on lb* central plateau They arc Moua*;
Hehtwa. ijm feet, Jr.u*aim J.M* la*t;
Mount Ocrtatm. iS*» feet: Mount Nbab
Aft? feet, and M unt Tanot. i.tU feel
Mmol directly through lb* '-enter of i
the country run* that great and hlatorlc
water euurae, Uu rsver Jot dan. of which
the prophet* wrote It run* front thai
tread *aa thiuugh the lake of ' .emit as
cot, known to the auelent* a* the **a of
Galilee and mad* Immortal by Christ
and hi* di*< Iplea Th*no# It find* Its
way Into the valley of Ciieln-Hyrla and
the great hill* in the north It twist*
and turn* and cover* a ar*at territory.
The vaat ereva*** through which tha
Jordan flow* la one of the most rcriwirk
ghle Assure* on the surface of the earth.
It la from act to to mile* In width and
la places very deep. At the bottom of
the I lead sea II reaches a depth of 2 (U#
feel, and llie a itself I* more than a
quarter of a mile below the level of Ih#
M >» thi* great stream
Ihnt auppllea the larger portion of Pal
estine with wilier. The valley of the
Jordan is egeeedlngly fertile and well
wooded. In thi* »e«llnn the chief oceu- j
pat ion of the Inhabitant* I* agricultural 1
pursuit* and the main product* are bar- ,
ley. vi heat, mall# and rye.
This, how over, is but one section of
the wonderfully* fertile valley of the
Jordan. The plain* of Ksdraelon and
Jericho are extremely fertile, and enor
mous crop* Arc harvested from them.
They raise chiefly peas, bean*, potatoes,
tobacco, cotton, sugar cane and large
• unities of rice, which grow* In tha
” j - v ___ __
low and marshy funds along: the bor
ders of the Jordan and its nfuny trlbu
lavim The cultivated fruit* are grape*,
pears, apricots, plums, upples. oranges,
limes, bananas, olives and almonds, the
oils from some of which ara among the
*
THUS AUGUSTA OTXINnOA.Y Hii^RATiD.
A Peacefuf Invasion of the Hofu Land Ufiich
flay Be Productive of Host Im
- nortant Resufts.
s*•*< •»«**•* ** •»**»« tv rw*
.» pgWaitn* at* »■*■* te* •** * **•*
mm* §*mmw *m*m tm* «*** **
(mm * tk* mu a*4 «• **• **•■
•wot. white »fc* M WPP
*. IM h*te*>d*o add *b •**
m wtmtort*** **mm*4 *M «•
let'll fr*» «*>♦ *•*••
IMM Ml d**.<«* M **•*•»•* *•'»'*«
fc»*i» »M »V«M ***
h urnw mg mr -- -■*—*■• It h'l '<
w m*i*4 <m< mm— im i«m* ****
Ml w«t» **rk mnm* tk** •'’*•« •* ’'*♦
HilMm *■**• •»■»»* mm •**•! hr ’•*
• urtM MM ** M ••• »♦-*»?*
MM* t* «< Itw UPte. *».**» .V**
Mite >M M w*« f*«t.d*d ikaw
••I dim "T ••«**.
*f th* MvteMi downing* m »»•
kiiute* t** *rnm M*.
Ik* Mite ul iwwwteate* «h*»* **•
Milk «•* ***» M*T*te .tel IM* fitted*
proptltOWa ill *—v *f IVW I' 1 *! *te
,4m rtmmmrn mhtmhm. *h '*•*
I Mr* *•• dm.* tel p*»* •• “ ** •»*
pa*».bte Intel* »«**** *HI»> *• MV
M . and Ik* •"•I**.l mM Th* * *ite
«*«• kultt »» b**pfk* M*» from »*•*«•
««te< te» ik* ivteiui* »•'• in*-
lag ik* MM? •**••*. »*** * I'**
,w m* tb*» «•.. .*m»M Mote *# Ik*
IKMIIIUI. *l4* furnwim te*» ***» *k»M
dotted. *O4 te»« «n.y Ik* <4* M«m
walla, wht< h «r» i«»4l» «rui«kti*l (•
w*« **. at* left.
A* !• moat <* Ik* 'l*l tn < non! r tea.
agrhwliurv H (*<• M**d Ik • mn*« pfik-
Hh« war. and f*w modem imp**m«nta
■r* u*4 to till lb- tell* or gath-r ik*
—pm. TM* te Mina P**U» <« «k» M*
doienr* and taaoranre mi lb* inhabit
anl* *«*l pait'y tk lb* ba«l »»***rn«i**k«
and tb* *aa<i.»n« <»f tb* U*#atb rrm.
«ha !«•*• tb* p**>pl* unlr «ufb< l*ni to
ll** on, and In manjr ***** not *v*n
that murb rotnaln* aft*r tb*y bav*
mad* th*lr r*»un<l» A *r*at d**l at at
tention la paid toy lb* Inhabitant* to
tHi.toral purault*. and Itork* of «h**p
apd «<■*!* ar* to hr f«t|Bd *v*rjr»h*r*
on tb* mountain auk* and in lar«*
mimten In tb* vallrjr*. Th»r* fa> rrr?
Ilttl* W ral**d in Ik* oonntry, and
that tehli h la Id (W poor. A «r*at por-
C:« '
CHURCH or THE REDEEMER.
lion of Uial part of Palestine which
borders on the southern ami eastern
deserts is well adapted for pasturuge
only, and the people who Inhabit these
set thins are little more than savages.
There are no records to show how
densely the land «u| populated In the
eurly ages. (1 la supposed that during
the tltpo of Chrlft it waa more thickly
settled than most of the countries of
the asm* alae aither In Europe or Asia.
BIRDSF.YE VIEW of JERUSALEM FROM A NEIGHBORING HIHU
The population has decreased, and at
the present time it is believed there are
not more than 700,000 profile there, and
the majority of these are Mohammed
ans. Some of them are Turks, and they
I hold the high offices, while the others,
I Ik* i -nan - m—V» mm— Amb nraak
; and nt'tea ate**te—* Tte* l**tete tete-
I aialban » ***» *•*»• Tka #**te a*M
• Mmml teaatt* at at non# ftvtMMMk
M.bte-n. Ttenwtaa akd bated *****
t»ar* r aMteten at ******** and
l |. •« (Mt* k**k I »ad»d Ml Pavattete
Mae* ted** «*ted tea** .Mttted tte**te
«•!**>' tarp tkaa# nka Mte* •»*•*••
t> tn H**a*a fcte tk* n«t<a» *
' r*r«a*d »« •■** fcte * dtette H* •'*<•<
•at ka ta«l a> <* a**awkd at an *< *•
'
IKIU SALKN RAILWAY STATION.
rare*aw* .ehgion .*
nuwthet* in a dis'aal part of hi* 4*-
"aT: maat p»ce* under Ihe rule of
the »uM*n of Turkey, fear or aa MR-
MsianuH* have heea mad* ta *ay of
the Oiura or ia t* t way tart as tha
Holy toind. M.*t of th* ettt a are -»eh
|h .... .j., ~ r* * wonler there
are not more deadly 4tee***w «m.,a*
the people. The mean* of tommuaica
. ... j ara wa| » )]f* .«j»*| »!it f*j|| <*s»t I|l# ;
arc 'b-e.-ltngly had. Mr ny as the c el*
mr% . t n name #r*n ,i«
(*t)i i*i #ihS hi* 4»# irt## Ir*##**4 »*** j
them feu'n pi### (a ijUu’#. Th# b#»t ### 1 j
i« m*rn Y*f# Iff f art**-item, whit# tft# j
only j/itr*Kt(i run# from Y*f« i# Ham* ;
th#nc# t# J«fit#hft#vh*
Thf |l)ih of J#run#l#m I# w-oma ihwn j
In pnjf ?n lhc worl4 Th* j
(If ||i«* «t?* cun h# ##»***! (
arr \ *»ry n«rn>w. bat whit th#y |
)«#h in width thry 1114k' up in dirMiiKl
It in oft#n found wn rw«ry t«* w#«it
■ hi " tub garbage which ha* been thraam
mil hy th* occupant* of th# hoinM
Thle I* alao true of many other citlea. j
There I* nothing modern in the country
to Imprea* the vtailor, yet It Maud* su
preme. for t>e*ldc* It* ancient ruin* It la
the birthplace of the Christian religion.
It I*divided Into throe province* name
ly, Judtra, Samaria and Oalilee—and
contains the subpashalic* of Acre and j
Jerusalem.
PaleMtne. like Egypt, ha* a marvel
ous historical record. The earliest go.-* I
back to the slxteeulh century B C.. and
It I* as bloody a* it I* Interesting. ,
While it I* a land of hill* and valley* It !
Is also a land of conflicts that are un- |
equaled, lantr armies have been as
»i mbled and started to the Holy Hand
for the purpose of reclaiming It from i
the nonbeliever*, ami II can be truth- I
fully said that more tibsal has been
spilled there than iu any other known
country.
Many of the ruin* to be found In Ju- |
diva are of the type of many centuries
ago. There is hardly a hilltop through
out the whole country that is not cov
ered with the ruins of some fortification
or ancient city. They stand out in their
bald whiteness against the sky or a
I*t tka pate Man# at tea rteta at*
J tewte tk* dtetetai a#** *d *k* klten.
| .»wn*«itet Wmtten A**rtte» «kd kpl
, MM pnttoda and mm* *4 now *at*«*
I *t*w potkapa to Ik* abt ’t"tetaktetll
: data, fcdte** tk* atttwte at Ji nd te
dTata ***** **»*ted «• htehi *»«♦•*• tk*
i C*im**iaa •*• ttepaa Tk-* te»ow***.
I *«n <rnm* ** *wrk **aat a*
• tea** that ta»> ««d tk* •*»•*' at «%>te»
i mm* hate. *Wk •«» Mite iptatwnawdl
ia«pt «p at** tete* Ra*n a* **•- a*
t«U H it tkHPted. tk* taotetdi «t tk*
fttep fcaat .aniamt a «a* %**•**• tote
at tka ana* t»»*rfte ■ awteM** at Kn
tap*. I<* > *a*.*a a •« . *t-n ttapnf*
np tk* Karp*’** and t*mmymmmm ktna*
and ten •<*»•* t*a**4 that ***** >*s*t
pa«** d»d kat bat* own Ml tka kaM tm
tk* potpate «* <-<> *« ••tetol id Ikte
and Tka ■ • ..«!** *«***»»d «>kte*t t*
N -mmm mm* Mr«»*»»** ******** teat*
tba* m **••» bftef tk* rottens <*
iTtttat. Tb* Urn* hpd tew*w*»» **4
Manir light, amopf tk.tea.if* and
with tk* p*»pte *►» had «<tegn»t*d tk*
land Jam**l*t wan tk* n»*i* p<d*» «d
atta.lt. and it waa d«atm»*d and t*-
butlt -ft*a»r 'baa »n* *tb*r rlt» ta tba
a arid-. Tttoa d***»op*d tk* t«» la *»
A. I*. It aa# nbtelt bp tk* Hoatan*
and fwmatnad 1 a a**tep*amfal atat*
iHr a tea <.*l art** *k-n It waa futum
! kHvtM >a #ll bp tk* panda*, tekt
| tTvwr *a 11. M. invaded Palwti*. and
| Mltb tk* aid at ***** Jew* raptntod and
' d*atr-p*4 ik ll'tip my It waa r*-
i «alo*d again b> tin*. I u* who waa la
i tarn d*teat*d by tk* Mofcai»m*daa
(At atm *g »JT They k*ld rantnrf for g
• tong ttia*. but ik* war* P»**» rwaaitd.
f They tor»tlnn*d W**» tk* KcypOa**,
l < ir*rg. and Mb*t n*ti'»n# until Its*
wbm lb* land w*» again <.a»au*r*d bp
ttetiak rnrka Tb y ratnnlnad In pa
wwaion for ** p**t*. or until Ite*. *bt
they w*r* d*f».t*d by tb. Egyptian Mil
tana, wko took pawwM «f tb* urn
'ory.
In IW tb* rru.ad.rg raptured J.ru*
•altett. and It a** b*M by tb* »*krtatiana
until ll«T. »b-n it mm tak«i by Hultaa
n.Jin Two f*»r* hn*r another cm- '
tad* »a* undertaken by l*hilip of
Kranrr. Rl bard I of England and Em- (
par or Fr.drnc Harbaroaaa of ttermany. I
They f*ll»l lo tr.k* tb* Holy Otp. but
rr.to-rd r’brt.tlan rul* aomg the mail '
Fi fd.ric II in UV* p*<«vtr*d J. t u alrtn j
and *»tabliih.4fbtii»tait dominion ov*p
a large tri rltory of I'al.atm. It r*-)
main. 4 undrr tin* rul* until Utl. when
the Egyptian mltaak again got control
and retained it until HIT. In that year]
the Turb. were again vutorlou*. and j
they have held II ever *lm-* with the
exception of the two year* III! lo Htl,
when it to occupied by Mahomet All
pa.ha of Egypt.
The dlacovery of the lloly S pulch.r
made Jeruaalem a great rellgioua cen
ter and *l.o c.u*e<t untold trouble be
tween the Chi t.uan. and other re
llglou. bodlr* Not only that but It
developed a .trained rrlallon.hip be
tween Home of the more powerful coun
trle* of Europe. It wae oaten.lhly til#
Ctu<w of the war between RuiiU and
Turkey on one side and England and
France on the other, which began lit
1113 and la known aa the Crimean war.
The 1-atin and Greek churches con
tended for th<» custody of the Holy
Sepulcher, and the dispute, between
France and Russia regardinK the right*
of the two churches led to the osar pro
claiming a protectorate over all Greek
Christians In Turkey. The sultan . re-
i , fusal to recognise this was followed by
■ j a war which brought little satisfaction
■ to the participants and cost the lives of
L j thousands of men.
• Jerusalem, the cause of most of the
i I trouble, has a population now of 28,000,
/ A
i* --te T»ii \ \ fv
\s£j& I TTTNi
atmut aoe-hatf of which Is enwipnaed if |
Jew* There a little trade and no man
ufacturing in tb* city. Tk* neighbor
lag country Mi bnrren. and tb* placn
.utter* at time* fr-un lack of water A
throng of visitors from Kurop* and
Asia vtatt tb* »•»**. annually, wh . b
tttetb** lo tb* fart that f'T more than
It centur e* H has b**n t idied Upon a*
a holy •«>. and. while ll la In the titld
of tb* land wh*r* tb* Ckriatlan r*-
Isli
CHURCH Of HOLY fiEPl’U'Hßß
llglon was born and *" many live* hav#
been spent to make a Chri-llan country
of It, It still remains In the control of
one of the worst despot* of all Europe,
who I* likewise a Mohammedan.
ROBERT W. WIHCOX.
Hit, ME* AMI MTTI.K.
A navy surgeon of great experience !
while on a furlough recently was talk
ing to a newspaper man regarding the
work of the medical department* of the J
navy In their business of gathering and i
compering statistic* on fatalities mu»- i
ed hy disease and wound*.
•'I am confident," said he, "that It j
will be found that the small, light jnen ;
who have been through the campaign*, i
both by field and flood, have been the
best endurer* of hardships. This Is a
fact that 1 have often observed. The
big. hard muscled, well developed men
go to pieces under severe hardships and
succumb much quicker to epidemic dis
ease. as well a* to the ordinary dis
eases of life, than do the small, frail
looking chap*. Of course no really frail 1
men get Into the urmy and navy, but
tile service lias always been filled with
plenty of men under ordinary site,
whose appearance with their clothes on j
causes men not familiar with the sub- ;
Jeot to wonder how they' ever passed j
the physical examinations required by
the army and navy.
"These undersized but g perfectly
sound men. both In the army and navy,
are the beat for hard service. They
may not be able to do such big thing*,
but for long service full of trouble and
worriment and genuine hardship* they
are Incomparably better than’the big
fellows, who look as If they might be
iable to outlast any three of the smaller
men. I’ve often noticed that In prac
tice marches by naval landing parties
the little fellows have Invariably the l
best of the argument when it comes to !
heavy, double time work under hot, j
tropical suns. I’ve seen huge sailors
and marines drop out of line in sets of
fours under such circumstances, while
the small, trig bluejackets and sea
soldiers standi to the game through ev
erything and very rarely fall to the
rear. Army surgeons tell me, too, that
in rough campaigning in the'w est the
smaller men have invariably shown
themselves to be better reslsters of
hardship than the big fellows. They |
KAISER WILHELM.
i Mjr i hit tmorf III# tfriUihbn)# rt# IH*
faatrym*** * N| pruette* mtrtll
* |# in pTYknr*** th# m#*» hhr iMatur#
•ml f!#»tt and wiu# i* a## nluraya nvwHif
th« drat to throw up th#tr hand# and
#alt for trai)»nc*rtati<»n tn iwnmtwory
and quartern?a#t#r wafow», wlitl# ? n#
*m«H m#n trtkitf* <*n
Anrith* r (hint th# army fell
jm# that mi*lit ##tn jmoiiAf tha##
wh«t ha«#n*t hen in any military »**rv«
set la that the noldler* r#rrutted front
the citlea are Invariably better endurer*
of hard campaigning than the mjtdlera
recruited from the country district*. It
t might naturally ••• thought Hi J * *n
tryrneti. us*d to open air and hopping
■ ,m*r furrowed field*, would prove them
| solve* away ahead of the city lad* when
it came to keeping in tine on 40 mile a
day march#* over western country, but
I ihe army surgeon* say that the roun-
I trym#n are the Brat to m&pialn of aoro
I feet and to caat their eye# hynglngly
upon the wagon* and aml>ulan<e* at tha
rear. T'd rather have command of a
company of Bowery hoys anil etty wharf
rat* any time.' said one of the army
surgeon* to me not long ago, 'than a
tit out of big. raw lad* lu»t off the farm.
If the country boy* go aore. they don't
appear to have the nerve to keep their
head* closed about it and wait for tha
serene** to pane off, but they break tot
j the sick report right away.’ ’’
One Way Is Uet Married.
Archduke Heinrich of Austria, deair
-1 ing to marry Mi*» Leopoldine Hoffmann
againat th# wtu of the emperor, hit up
on the expedient of arranging for tha
| "passive assistance'' of a priest, who
| dared not celebrate a marriage under
pain of the emperor * anger. So the
archduke gave a banquet, to which he
Invited the priest. After the soup had
I>cen served he rose Ia hi* place, on
which the guest* expected a toast. Hut
the archduke, pointing to Miss Heopol
dine Hoffmann, pronounced slowly and
solemnly the words, "Most reverend,this
| is my wife.” Mis* Hoffmann immedi
ately afterward rose in her turn and
said. "This is my husband." According
; to the theory of "passive assistance” in
Germany and Austria, these words spo
i ken before a priest rendered the mar
i riage of the pair valid and sacramen-
I tally concluded. The emperor was said
to be extremely astonished, but could
do nothing, for the church says, "What
God hath joined let no man put asun
der."
Generosity,
Two old beggar cronies, well known
In Dublin, were discussing their per
sonal affairs. “Good morra to ye, Mrs.
Fogarty,” said one. “Good morra,
kindly, Judy,” replied the other. I
hope I see ye well this mornin!” “Oh,
very well, entirely! So,
ye mffrried yer daughter Kate. Did sha
get a good match?” "Divil a better,
praise be to God! She got blind Darby
Driscal on the dike, that makes more
money than any three beggars in
Cork.” "Ah. thin, but It’s me that’a
glad to hear yer news. And did ye give
her anything?” "Faix, I did, thin!
Didn't I give her the best side of Pat
rick street, which, if well begged. :*
worth siven and sixpences week?” "Up
on my word, hut *tis J'e that was gen
erous!" exclaimed the other.