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Lf'H# dfiL 1 ' ' n-> I SIP GODFREY DE BOUILLON. |<op) right IP. 1 F*“ )t< (J| til# (MU# of IN# uotil Wiillmu II **f »itf* j ?hr)i P*!r*(in# Ho #M* H 0 furtctHii (mfvitnl #v#r |*i*##Hl tltruUflti thr Holy With Uie tmyftM and • rrttaua moal»Uft# ut mtstalata of atata, rotirt lirtt* 'Si*, gobln, troufw larkara. ***'•*• mm and maala anal a acor# ut WWW newspaper ootru«|Min(itul>. nanilwrtuit ta all muru than t.wwa wutauw*. Iw haa aiada a a tail ta the nan*i tutfiuatiiij larnt in all tha world and with umra ; grandeur Ilian that displayed by tha mediiaval king |Cmper<ir William* vlatt t*> tha lldy Land It la slated, haa (to piirpoae* Ona la te ruature th* pantry in w hit b tha Christian it llalmi tlrut *»w the ll*ht of ,tay to the Chrtatlan people, and the second I* to fIBMI a place to fountl colo nies for hi* *uhje<t* wba leave the home avttntry la search of new ftehte where they may enjoy the frulta of theii la bor* and Mill remain true to the father land The Get man* who *o to America lareiiia Americanised ra|ildly. anil thl* pain* William to such on extent that he ha* determined to keep hi* people under hi* rule no far a* p«»»»!M«\ !!<■ «!**> hole** before lona to add a part of A*ia Minor. Including Palestine to hi* tlomlnlon*. and for all thl* and al*o to lie prgaetU .at the dedication of the Herman l.u- j theran church *1 Jerusalem did WII- ; limn undertake lit* crusade Into the ; laud wheru Christianity "a* born. With the advent Into the Holy Hand of the Herman emperor a new lnter"*t ha* krlsett in the tnodt hlatorlc eotmtry la the world, and all eye* are now turn ed to the plat* which I* not ortlv ntem- . otalile bream*' ChrlM "a» born wltlilu It* border*, but al*o liet auae of It*• t ec old*. tvhleh are *t«lncd with the bloto of hundred* of thousand* of brave lit . tutd women who went there to Ink the land out or the hand* of nonbe liever*. I’uleatlae border* on the Mediterra- ; neatt eea Wnd la in the aouthorn iiortltm 1 of A*la Minor. It lie* between Turkey ! in A*la proper on the north and Arabia Petraui on the south. The limit* of the ot'unli y cannot he stated with any de gree of exact no**. So far as can lie ascertained It* length I* * lltlle mote than 1M tnile*. w ith a varying width of from 2* to KO mtlea. The area of the portion \ve*t of the Jordan I* fe.tHO aquare mile*, while that of the east ha* been eatimatad at ;i,SOO square mtlea. Thl* la thi' modern Palestine. The tuiclent Palestine was much amaller. It Included only the KoutUern por tion of the const legion. In Its geo graphical make up the country la more peculiar thnn any of the surrounding land*. It ta a place of hills and valley* and a wonderful variety of tempera tures. Through the center Is u table- j land'with an average elevation of l.« 00 , feet, upon Whose rugged edge* stand , several of the ancient elites, with their j old fortifications gradually going to piece*. Along the coa*t the land la low and barren. Here the heat is Intense, while on the hills, plateaus and mountain sides the temperature varies. It never grows exceedingly cold, however, and | while snow falls about Jerusalem and; on the hills It Is never cold enough te : freese the ground. The descent from ; the bentral tableland on the ebst Is very steep. On the west the Mope mam#*. wfciHt run tfevtMMtfi cwmtt y frum net end to the «*thrr *iw ruggad and dtwol.i etrd The hlg'ieet peak* »r* on lb* central plateau They arc Moua*; Hehtwa. ijm feet, Jr.u*aim J.M* la*t; Mount Ocrtatm. iS*» feet: Mount Nbab Aft? feet, and M unt Tanot. i.tU feel Mmol directly through lb* '-enter of i the country run* that great and hlatorlc water euurae, Uu rsver Jot dan. of which the prophet* wrote It run* front thai tread *aa thiuugh the lake of ' .emit as cot, known to the auelent* a* the **a of Galilee and mad* Immortal by Christ and hi* di*< Iplea Th*no# It find* Its way Into the valley of Ciieln-Hyrla and the great hill* in the north It twist* and turn* and cover* a ar*at territory. The vaat ereva*** through which tha Jordan flow* la one of the most rcriwirk ghle Assure* on the surface of the earth. It la from act to to mile* In width and la places very deep. At the bottom of the I lead sea II reaches a depth of 2 (U# feel, and llie a itself I* more than a quarter of a mile below the level of Ih# M >» thi* great stream Ihnt auppllea the larger portion of Pal estine with wilier. The valley of the Jordan is egeeedlngly fertile and well wooded. In thi* »e«llnn the chief oceu- j pat ion of the Inhabitant* I* agricultural 1 pursuit* and the main product* are bar- , ley. vi heat, mall# and rye. This, how over, is but one section of the wonderfully* fertile valley of the Jordan. The plain* of Ksdraelon and Jericho are extremely fertile, and enor mous crop* Arc harvested from them. They raise chiefly peas, bean*, potatoes, tobacco, cotton, sugar cane and large • unities of rice, which grow* In tha ” j - v ___ __ low and marshy funds along: the bor ders of the Jordan and its nfuny trlbu lavim The cultivated fruit* are grape*, pears, apricots, plums, upples. oranges, limes, bananas, olives and almonds, the oils from some of which ara among the * THUS AUGUSTA OTXINnOA.Y Hii^RATiD. A Peacefuf Invasion of the Hofu Land Ufiich flay Be Productive of Host Im - nortant Resufts. s*•*< •»«**•* ** •»**»« tv rw* .» pgWaitn* at* »■*■* te* •** * **•* mm* §*mmw *m*m tm* «*** ** (mm * tk* mu a*4 «• **• **•■ •wot. white »fc* M WPP *. IM h*te*>d*o add *b •** m wtmtort*** **mm*4 *M «• let'll fr*» «*>♦ *•*•• IMM Ml d**.<«* M **•*•»•* *•'»'*« fc»*i» »M »V«M *** h urnw mg mr -- -■*—*■• It h'l '< w m*i*4 <m< mm— im i«m* **** Ml w«t» **rk mnm* tk** •'’*•« •* ’'*♦ HilMm *■**• •»■»»* mm •**•! hr ’•* • urtM MM ** M ••• »♦-*»?* MM* t* «< Itw UPte. *».**» .V** Mite >M M w*« f*«t.d*d ikaw ••I dim "T ••«**. *f th* MvteMi downing* m »»• kiiute* t** *rnm M*. Ik* Mite ul iwwwteate* «h*»* **• Milk «•* ***» M*T*te .tel IM* fitted* proptltOWa ill *—v *f IVW I' 1 *! *te ,4m rtmmmrn mhtmhm. *h '*•* I Mr* *•• dm.* tel p*»* •• “ ** •»* pa*».bte Intel* »«**** *HI»> *• MV M . and Ik* •"•I**.l mM Th* * *ite «*«• kultt »» b**pfk* M*» from »*•*«• ««te< te» ik* ivteiui* »•'• in*- lag ik* MM? •**••*. »*** * I'** ,w m* tb*» «•.. .*m»M Mote *# Ik* IKMIIIUI. *l4* furnwim te*» ***» *k»M dotted. *O4 te»« «n.y Ik* <4* M«m walla, wht< h «r» i«»4l» «rui«kti*l (• w*« **. at* left. A* !• moat <* Ik* 'l*l tn < non! r tea. agrhwliurv H (*<• M**d Ik • mn*« pfik- Hh« war. and f*w modem imp**m«nta ■r* u*4 to till lb- tell* or gath-r ik* —pm. TM* te Mina P**U» <« «k» M* doienr* and taaoranre mi lb* inhabit anl* *«*l pait'y tk lb* ba«l »»***rn«i**k« and tb* *aa<i.»n« <»f tb* U*#atb rrm. «ha !«•*• tb* p**>pl* unlr «ufb< l*ni to ll** on, and In manjr ***** not *v*n that murb rotnaln* aft*r tb*y bav* mad* th*lr r*»un<l» A *r*at d**l at at tention la paid toy lb* Inhabitant* to tHi.toral purault*. and Itork* of «h**p apd «<■*!* ar* to hr f«t|Bd *v*rjr»h*r* on tb* mountain auk* and in lar«* mimten In tb* vallrjr*. Th»r* fa> rrr? Ilttl* W ral**d in Ik* oonntry, and that tehli h la Id (W poor. A «r*at por- C:« ' CHURCH or THE REDEEMER. lion of Uial part of Palestine which borders on the southern ami eastern deserts is well adapted for pasturuge only, and the people who Inhabit these set thins are little more than savages. There are no records to show how densely the land «u| populated In the eurly ages. (1 la supposed that during the tltpo of Chrlft it waa more thickly settled than most of the countries of the asm* alae aither In Europe or Asia. BIRDSF.YE VIEW of JERUSALEM FROM A NEIGHBORING HIHU The population has decreased, and at the present time it is believed there are not more than 700,000 profile there, and the majority of these are Mohammed ans. Some of them are Turks, and they I hold the high offices, while the others, I Ik* i -nan - m—V» mm— Amb nraak ; and nt'tea ate**te—* Tte* l**tete tete- I aialban » ***» *•*»• Tka #**te a*M • Mmml teaatt* at at non# ftvtMMMk M.bte-n. Ttenwtaa akd bated ***** t»ar* r aMteten at ******** and l |. •« (Mt* k**k I »ad»d Ml Pavattete Mae* ted** «*ted tea** .Mttted tte**te «•!**>' tarp tkaa# nka Mte* •»*•*•• t> tn H**a*a fcte tk* n«t<a» * ' r*r«a*d »« •■** fcte * dtette H* •'*<•< •at ka ta«l a> <* a**awkd at an *< *• ' IKIU SALKN RAILWAY STATION. rare*aw* .ehgion .* nuwthet* in a dis'aal part of hi* 4*- "aT: maat p»ce* under Ihe rule of the »uM*n of Turkey, fear or aa MR- MsianuH* have heea mad* ta *ay of the Oiura or ia t* t way tart as tha Holy toind. M.*t of th* ettt a are -»eh |h .... .j., ~ r* * wonler there are not more deadly 4tee***w «m.,a* the people. The mean* of tommuaica . ... j ara wa| » )]f* .«j»*| »!it f*j|| <*s»t I|l# ; arc 'b-e.-ltngly had. Mr ny as the c el* mr% . t n name #r*n ,i« (*t)i i*i #ihS hi* 4»# irt## Ir*##**4 »*** j them feu'n pi### (a ijUu’#. Th# b#»t ### 1 j i« m*rn Y*f# Iff f art**-item, whit# tft# j only j/itr*Kt(i run# from Y*f« i# Ham* ; th#nc# t# J«fit#hft#vh* Thf |l)ih of J#run#l#m I# w-oma ihwn j In pnjf ?n lhc worl4 Th* j (If ||i«* «t?* cun h# ##»***! ( arr \ *»ry n«rn>w. bat whit th#y | )«#h in width thry 1114k' up in dirMiiKl It in oft#n found wn rw«ry t«* w#«it ■ hi " tub garbage which ha* been thraam mil hy th* occupant* of th# hoinM Thle I* alao true of many other citlea. j There I* nothing modern in the country to Imprea* the vtailor, yet It Maud* su preme. for t>e*ldc* It* ancient ruin* It la the birthplace of the Christian religion. It I*divided Into throe province* name ly, Judtra, Samaria and Oalilee—and contains the subpashalic* of Acre and j Jerusalem. PaleMtne. like Egypt, ha* a marvel ous historical record. The earliest go.-* I back to the slxteeulh century B C.. and It I* as bloody a* it I* Interesting. , While it I* a land of hill* and valley* It ! Is also a land of conflicts that are un- | equaled, lantr armies have been as »i mbled and started to the Holy Hand for the purpose of reclaiming It from i the nonbeliever*, ami II can be truth- I fully said that more tibsal has been spilled there than iu any other known country. Many of the ruin* to be found In Ju- | diva are of the type of many centuries ago. There is hardly a hilltop through out the whole country that is not cov ered with the ruins of some fortification or ancient city. They stand out in their bald whiteness against the sky or a I*t tka pate Man# at tea rteta at* J tewte tk* dtetetai a#** *d *k* klten. | .»wn*«itet Wmtten A**rtte» «kd kpl , MM pnttoda and mm* *4 now *at*«* I *t*w potkapa to Ik* abt ’t"tetaktetll : data, fcdte** tk* atttwte at Ji nd te dTata ***** **»*ted «• htehi *»«♦•*• tk* i C*im**iaa •*• ttepaa Tk-* te»ow***. I *«n <rnm* ** *wrk **aat a* • tea** that ta»> ««d tk* •*»•*' at «%>te» i mm* hate. *Wk •«» Mite iptatwnawdl ia«pt «p at** tete* Ra*n a* **•- a* t«U H it tkHPted. tk* taotetdi «t tk* fttep fcaat .aniamt a «a* %**•**• tote at tka ana* t»»*rfte ■ awteM** at Kn tap*. I<* > *a*.*a a •« . *t-n ttapnf* np tk* Karp*’** and t*mmymmmm ktna* and ten •<*»•* t*a**4 that ***** >*s*t pa«** d»d kat bat* own Ml tka kaM tm tk* potpate «* <-<> *« ••tetol id Ikte and Tka ■ • ..«!** *«***»»d «>kte*t t* N -mmm mm* Mr«»*»»** ******** teat* tba* m **••» bftef tk* rottens <* iTtttat. Tb* Urn* hpd tew*w*»» **4 Manir light, amopf tk.tea.if* and with tk* p*»pte *►» had «<tegn»t*d tk* land Jam**l*t wan tk* n»*i* p<d*» «d atta.lt. and it waa d«atm»*d and t*- butlt -ft*a»r 'baa »n* *tb*r rlt» ta tba a arid-. Tttoa d***»op*d tk* t«» la *» A. I*. It aa# nbtelt bp tk* Hoatan* and fwmatnad 1 a a**tep*amfal atat* iHr a tea <.*l art** *k-n It waa futum ! kHvtM >a #ll bp tk* panda*, tekt | tTvwr *a 11. M. invaded Palwti*. and | Mltb tk* aid at ***** Jew* raptntod and ' d*atr-p*4 ik ll'tip my It waa r*- i «alo*d again b> tin*. I u* who waa la i tarn d*teat*d by tk* Mofcai»m*daa (At atm *g »JT They k*ld rantnrf for g • tong ttia*. but ik* war* P»**» rwaaitd. f They tor»tlnn*d W**» tk* KcypOa**, l < ir*rg. and Mb*t n*ti'»n# until Its* wbm lb* land w*» again <.a»au*r*d bp ttetiak rnrka Tb y ratnnlnad In pa wwaion for ** p**t*. or until Ite*. *bt they w*r* d*f».t*d by tb. Egyptian Mil tana, wko took pawwM «f tb* urn 'ory. In IW tb* rru.ad.rg raptured J.ru* •altett. and It a** b*M by tb* »*krtatiana until ll«T. »b-n it mm tak«i by Hultaa n.Jin Two f*»r* hn*r another cm- ' tad* »a* undertaken by l*hilip of Kranrr. Rl bard I of England and Em- ( par or Fr.drnc Harbaroaaa of ttermany. I They f*ll»l lo tr.k* tb* Holy Otp. but rr.to-rd r’brt.tlan rul* aomg the mail ' Fi fd.ric II in UV* p*<«vtr*d J. t u alrtn j and *»tabliih.4fbtii»tait dominion ov*p a large tri rltory of I'al.atm. It r*-) main. 4 undrr tin* rul* until Utl. when the Egyptian mltaak again got control and retained it until HIT. In that year] the Turb. were again vutorlou*. and j they have held II ever *lm-* with the exception of the two year* III! lo Htl, when it to occupied by Mahomet All pa.ha of Egypt. The dlacovery of the lloly S pulch.r made Jeruaalem a great rellgioua cen ter and *l.o c.u*e<t untold trouble be tween the Chi t.uan. and other re llglou. bodlr* Not only that but It developed a .trained rrlallon.hip be tween Home of the more powerful coun trle* of Europe. It wae oaten.lhly til# Ctu<w of the war between RuiiU and Turkey on one side and England and France on the other, which began lit 1113 and la known aa the Crimean war. The 1-atin and Greek churches con tended for th<» custody of the Holy Sepulcher, and the dispute, between France and Russia regardinK the right* of the two churches led to the osar pro claiming a protectorate over all Greek Christians In Turkey. The sultan . re- i , fusal to recognise this was followed by ■ j a war which brought little satisfaction ■ to the participants and cost the lives of L j thousands of men. • Jerusalem, the cause of most of the i I trouble, has a population now of 28,000, / A i* --te T»ii \ \ fv \s£j& I TTTNi atmut aoe-hatf of which Is enwipnaed if | Jew* There a little trade and no man ufacturing in tb* city. Tk* neighbor lag country Mi bnrren. and tb* placn .utter* at time* fr-un lack of water A throng of visitors from Kurop* and Asia vtatt tb* »•»**. annually, wh . b tttetb** lo tb* fart that f'T more than It centur e* H has b**n t idied Upon a* a holy •«>. and. while ll la In the titld of tb* land wh*r* tb* Ckriatlan r*- Isli CHURCH Of HOLY fiEPl’U'Hßß llglon was born and *" many live* hav# been spent to make a Chri-llan country of It, It still remains In the control of one of the worst despot* of all Europe, who I* likewise a Mohammedan. ROBERT W. WIHCOX. Hit, ME* AMI MTTI.K. A navy surgeon of great experience ! while on a furlough recently was talk ing to a newspaper man regarding the work of the medical department* of the J navy In their business of gathering and i compering statistic* on fatalities mu»- i ed hy disease and wound*. •'I am confident," said he, "that It j will be found that the small, light jnen ; who have been through the campaign*, i both by field and flood, have been the best endurer* of hardships. This Is a fact that 1 have often observed. The big. hard muscled, well developed men go to pieces under severe hardships and succumb much quicker to epidemic dis ease. as well a* to the ordinary dis eases of life, than do the small, frail looking chap*. Of course no really frail 1 men get Into the urmy and navy, but tile service lias always been filled with plenty of men under ordinary site, whose appearance with their clothes on j causes men not familiar with the sub- ; Jeot to wonder how they' ever passed j the physical examinations required by the army and navy. "These undersized but g perfectly sound men. both In the army and navy, are the beat for hard service. They may not be able to do such big thing*, but for long service full of trouble and worriment and genuine hardship* they are Incomparably better than’the big fellows, who look as If they might be iable to outlast any three of the smaller men. I’ve often noticed that In prac tice marches by naval landing parties the little fellows have Invariably the l best of the argument when it comes to ! heavy, double time work under hot, j tropical suns. I’ve seen huge sailors and marines drop out of line in sets of fours under such circumstances, while the small, trig bluejackets and sea soldiers standi to the game through ev erything and very rarely fall to the rear. Army surgeons tell me, too, that in rough campaigning in the'w est the smaller men have invariably shown themselves to be better reslsters of hardship than the big fellows. They | KAISER WILHELM. i Mjr i hit tmorf III# tfriUihbn)# rt# IH* faatrym*** * N| pruette* mtrtll * |# in pTYknr*** th# m#*» hhr iMatur# •ml f!#»tt and wiu# i* a## nluraya nvwHif th« drat to throw up th#tr hand# and #alt for trai)»nc*rtati<»n tn iwnmtwory and quartern?a#t#r wafow», wlitl# ? n# *m«H m#n trtkitf* <*n Anrith* r (hint th# army fell jm# that mi*lit ##tn jmoiiAf tha## wh«t ha«#n*t hen in any military »**rv« set la that the noldler* r#rrutted front the citlea are Invariably better endurer* of hard campaigning than the mjtdlera recruited from the country district*. It t might naturally ••• thought Hi J * *n tryrneti. us*d to open air and hopping ■ ,m*r furrowed field*, would prove them | solve* away ahead of the city lad* when it came to keeping in tine on 40 mile a day march#* over western country, but I ihe army surgeon* say that the roun- I trym#n are the Brat to m&pialn of aoro I feet and to caat their eye# hynglngly upon the wagon* and aml>ulan<e* at tha rear. T'd rather have command of a company of Bowery hoys anil etty wharf rat* any time.' said one of the army surgeon* to me not long ago, 'than a tit out of big. raw lad* lu»t off the farm. If the country boy* go aore. they don't appear to have the nerve to keep their head* closed about it and wait for tha serene** to pane off, but they break tot j the sick report right away.’ ’’ One Way Is Uet Married. Archduke Heinrich of Austria, deair -1 ing to marry Mi*» Leopoldine Hoffmann againat th# wtu of the emperor, hit up on the expedient of arranging for tha | "passive assistance'' of a priest, who | dared not celebrate a marriage under pain of the emperor * anger. So the archduke gave a banquet, to which he Invited the priest. After the soup had I>cen served he rose Ia hi* place, on which the guest* expected a toast. Hut the archduke, pointing to Miss Heopol dine Hoffmann, pronounced slowly and solemnly the words, "Most reverend,this | is my wife.” Mis* Hoffmann immedi ately afterward rose in her turn and said. "This is my husband." According ; to the theory of "passive assistance” in Germany and Austria, these words spo i ken before a priest rendered the mar i riage of the pair valid and sacramen- I tally concluded. The emperor was said to be extremely astonished, but could do nothing, for the church says, "What God hath joined let no man put asun der." Generosity, Two old beggar cronies, well known In Dublin, were discussing their per sonal affairs. “Good morra to ye, Mrs. Fogarty,” said one. “Good morra, kindly, Judy,” replied the other. I hope I see ye well this mornin!” “Oh, very well, entirely! So, ye mffrried yer daughter Kate. Did sha get a good match?” "Divil a better, praise be to God! She got blind Darby Driscal on the dike, that makes more money than any three beggars in Cork.” "Ah. thin, but It’s me that’a glad to hear yer news. And did ye give her anything?” "Faix, I did, thin! Didn't I give her the best side of Pat rick street, which, if well begged. :* worth siven and sixpences week?” "Up on my word, hut *tis J'e that was gen erous!" exclaimed the other.