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FRANCE AND ENGLAND
nCHTtNC STRENGTH OF
THB T\*o NATIONS,
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Sudan Omdurman. their stronghold,
fata fallen and with It their power. Eng
tand was moving toward the aouth. Hh«
held awajr over a country wlw*' aanda
were etalned with the blood of her
troop* from end to end. ami ehe hod
fought for possession of this land foot
hy foot, leavlna aome of her best men
on the field. The way from Cairo to
Oai* Town waa open, and the railroad
which ha* bfcen the pet arhente of the
••forward" party waa In alirht when an
other obatncle appeared, which hue not
only put a atop to the railroad scheme
for the present, but la likely to cause
trouble and more bloodehed between two
of the moat powerful natlona in the
world. The check came with the ar
rival at Fashods of the French troop#
from their poaneaelona on the went coaet
of Africa In command of Major Mar
chs »d. Paahoda la only a few hundred
mile* aouth of the country whore the
English and Egyptian troop* in com
mand of General Kir Herbert Kitchener,
alrdar of Egypt, won their famous vic
tory, avenging the death of General
Gordon and opening up the country
through which the railroad la to corn--.
Faphoda waa to be the next place of
Engllah attack, and General Kitchener
wan on hi* wuy to that place w hen he
learned that the French troops were In
pOFHPMIIon.
This was the signal for the warcloud
to again make It* appearance. Both
countrle* have looked upon this part
of the Sudan for many year* with hun
gry eyes. England has fought for It.
and It has cost her dear. With It In her
possession she can block the French
movement from the west to the east
coast which France has long been try
ing to accomplish, knowing that to car
ry out this purpose would mean the
dea* ruction of England's policy of
strengthening her holdings by control
ling the railroads of the dark continent,
it hi« been a disputed land for many
yeiu-s and the llrst to get a foothold
and to .conquer it would naturally be
:o k;d upon as the rightful owner.
England Md succeeded in ridding her
self of ail obstacles in the Sudan until
tile French arrived on the scene. Gen
eral Kitchener went to Fashoda and re
quested the French to leave the place.
His request was refused by Major Mar
chand. This was the first sign that any
trouble was In sight. Now active prep
arations axu being tnado tor war.
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nations In the world will he brought to
gether In deadly combat.
In speaking of the feeling In England
concerning the French movement In the
Sudan a prominent English statesman
said: "England will never consent to
French occupation of Faahoda. She has
sacrificed too much blood and treasure
In the Sudan to allow the Trults of her
hard earned victory to be snatched
from her at the moment of final tri
umph. Many of the premiers of Eng
land have given notice to the powers
that no foreign Interference will be al
lowed In England’s management of af
fairs In the Sudan. It mean* that Eng
land will not give up a foot of the terri
tory she has gained by hard fighting,
with the loss of so many good men.
without a struggle to any other na
tion." This sentiment has been taken
up by England’s foremost men. and the
nation Is preparing her mailed hand to
defend the country she has fought so
hard H> conquer.
France and England have never been
on the most friendly terms. There have
been many reasons for this. France
does not like the idea of Eng
land ruling In Egypt. Then, again,
France ha* met crushing defeat at
the hands of the Engllah troop* on
more than one occasion. The memory
of these Is not pleasant to the French,
and they would like to even matters up.
The troops of a foreign nation have nev
er been seen In l.ondon but once, and
that was when William the Conqueror
left France and Invaded England In
1066-7. Since then England has more
than repaid France for her blow.
England is always ready to protect
what she has gained at the point of the
bayonet. Her powerful navy nnd ar
my are always prepared to attack an
unfriendly power. The conditions of the
home country are such that there nerd
be no fear of Internal troubles while the
bulk of the fighting forces are absent.
With France it Is different. The home
country, particularly at present, is on
the verge of a grievous disruption, and,
although France maintains a large
standing army, most of it would b*
needed at home to keep the rabble from
revolting. Then, again, as has been
shown in the aftermath of the Dreyfus
scandal, many of the men holding high
rank In the army are not to be trusted.
They have their own ambitions to be
satisfied, no ma ter, seemingly, at what
THE A.T7O-TJSTA SUISTDAY HERALD.
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ful In the world. Her army. wh- n
pared with that of the other lart.
trie* of Kurope, l» com paratlvel-
France has a powerful arm> no
In point of mere numbers. Th
lmr figure* of the French and
armies an* taken from the In
ala 1 reports. Rowland's total
strength on land In time of
220.1 HR. while on a war basis
reach to 0.17,5fc1. That of F--
peace footing is r<M*,2«o anil
war 2.020.400. It will lie se
French army In lime of pe
than three times as large a
tainrd by England while t!
Ing Is nearly four times u
land has a reserve list cornu :i |
who have all been under t : .
been tried. If necessary, the;, could be
called upon for active service and
would make a valuable addition to her
fighting forces.
The list of both navies, giving the
number of ships and the total tonnage.
Is as follows. It Is taken from the lat
est official reports of each of the gov
ernments; „ , „ _
England. Franco
Battleship*, first clas* 38 IS
Battleship*, aocond class 8... U
Battleship*, third class C 11 *
Large armored cruisers 2\
Seagoing coast defense ves
sols 13
Protected cruisers (commerce
protectors)—
Fir*t class 2
Second A class IS
Second B class (only partly
protected) J
Third A class •'* 17
Third B class (only partly
protected) 23 “*
Unprotected third class of un
der S.OOO tons, not including
old and slow ships l*
Sloops and unclassified cruis
ers. "especially of the Old
types ■■■■ 1*
Nonsea going coast defense
ironclads - 11 11
Gun vessels mounting heavy
guns only for coast defense
work 13 * - 12
FOES BY INHERITANCE.
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A aummary of tha fleet# at both navies
..is given;
Bngland. Frene..
Shtpe of tha line SS
Cru'aere 1M
Coast defense vessels..U.i... 60
Torpedo craft as... 313
r * 11
Total 615 «6
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, thoM which fly the trleolur of Europe’*
1 greatest republic. The tonnage of the
i English navy Is estimated by experts to
! be something over 3.000,000. This does
not include, however, the auxiliary fleet,
which is composed of some of the finest
l and largest of the transatlantic liners
1 and thy largest merchant ships of the
| «p*4.p,#«tor M'* I ** »■* «f tit*
CoiHjnoW. 1898
and the French are known to bo expert
in the manufacture and handling ®*
these inatruinenta of destruction.
Russia Is * strong ally of France ana
no doubt would lend her valuable as;
aistance if war between France and
England should be declared. England
stands alone, but there Is little doubt
she would prove more than a match for
her adversary. Recently Germany has
shown a very friendly attitude toward
Kngland. and her animosity toward
France has led some of the more con
servative diplomats to believe she
would If necessary come to the aid of
England In a war between the two
countries.
Naval experts are of the opinion that
such a war would be fought mostly on
the seas and that, owing to England’#
superior forces. France would be com
pelled to assume the defensive. The
deciding battles would in all likelihood
be fought off the coast of France, on
the Atlantic and In the Mediterranean,
where both nations have strong fleets.
The greater part of the commerce In
the Mediterranean is controlled by
France, and this would fall easy prey
to England’s powerful ships In those
waters. France’s greatest naval sta
tion and dockyards are at Toulon, and
this would without doubt be attack
ed bv the English fleet. The fight
ing on the coast would bring into prac
tical use the torpedo craft, about which
so much has been written and so little
is known. The other cities would of
course be bombarded.
England’s coast Is better protected
than that of France, and it would be
almost impossible to land an Invading
army of any proportions there. "With
the French coast It Is different. It is
somewhat larger than that of her pro
spective adversary, and many w ak
points could be found at which to land
troops. Tat It Is r.et likely that much
of this would be done, as the transports
would be at the merey of the enemy’s
fleet unless they were heavily convoy
ed. It is not probable that there would
THE COMPLICATION
IN AFRICA
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THB TRADE IN OYSTERS.
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ha«brl* morr Tb«w tiittir. . In-lud. tM
*ntlr* amount r«nt**«l and ihiM*l n»
to all part# of (hr t’nlon. TM numMr
nf l.uaMl* uard for Loom* ron.umpt ion
t.p r. .taurant. famlllea, nr . I* **tl*
I maud at about to p*r rout «f tb*
j amount bandtrd by tbr Haltimor* pack-
Th*r» ar* nrr I*o rann*tl*a and oy*.
I ~r |,a,.|(in( r*tablmhm*nta In Haiti*
i morr and they employ thottaand* to
ham!* In tM ahurkln*. hamllln# f«ck
ing and ahlppinfl of tM oyitatn. Even
women and .hlldr.n are provided with
employment In the (hurkimr and pack
intr of tM bivalve*.
It I* eetlmated that of the total
amount of oy*t*r» handled 44 per rent
are put up In ean* and 34 per cent ship
ped .hucke.l in barrel*, burkete and
tube, In whteh chunk* of be are plar.d.
In thla way the Chesapeake ojmtera
arc carried In good condition all the
way arroa* the continent to the cltiea
of the Par ito roaat. They hair been
shipped to Europe In the shell; but,
o» mtc to the fart that they became
heated on shipboard, they were not In
prime condition on arrival. Experts
say the temperature of an oyster ehould
never yet above 34 If It la to be kept
! alive and In pood condition, nor should
it freexe. sos freexlnk kills it. This sea
son a number of Baltimore packers w 111
try the experiment of sending oyster*
across the Atlantic In the refrigerator
chambers of cattle steamers. These
chambers are of great capacity and
can be kept as cold an desired by re
frigerating machines. They are In
tended lor the shipment of dressed
beef. In which they have been highly
successful, and there is no doubt that
oyster* carried In them would arrive on
the other side In tine condition. The
Idea Is a new one. and if It proves a
success our oyster trade may be still
more extended by the building up of a
prosperous and lucrative trade with
the folks across the water.
Dnma,‘ Terrible Dl.ense,
When Alexandre Dumas, the younger,
was Just out of college, his father took
him on a hunting trip. They put up at
a farmhouse and occupied two little
bedrooms which opened Into each other.
In the middle of the night the son
was awakened, and saw his father
walking back and forth. "What are you
doing?” asked the hoy. "You see. I am
walking." "You arc sick.” "Yes, I am
in great pain, but I am used to it. I
have It every night.” "Is there nothing
to cure it?” "It is incurable." "But
can’t it be relieved?” "No. When It
takes me, I get up and walk. If it is
very bad, I go to reading.” "And when
it is insupportable?” “I go to work.
It was true, and in later years his son
often saw him sitting at his desk writ
ing. "How can you work always?”
some one asked him upon an occasion.
■•I have nothing else to do," he an
swered.
Jama* MacNslil Whistler dsnlsa that
he will teach In the new Paris academy.
He says he will only “drop in” occa
sionally.