Newspaper Page Text
-X • • s
Young Ladles’ *
Boarding and Day School . j
MRS. SANDWICH & Mrs HUL
BURD,-respectfully inform the
public, that they'intcnd opening a school
in the city of Augusts, on the fit st of
Januaf-T'bnsuing, for the Education of
Young Ladies, in the different branches
<of useful and polite 'Literature. They
hare engaged'the Rev. Hr &hkparb to
attend 'to scientific department of
die Academy ; and from his extensive
erudition and long experience, they flat
ter they'Vriil be enabled
to discharge with ability and’faithfulness,
the important duties of theh-'vocation.
Approved masterain Music, Drawing,
and other pblite accomplishments will
the school, if required. ‘ ’Useful
and Ornamental Neadle Work will also
■be taught. Parents and Guardians, who
are desirous of encouraging the institu
tion, are requested/to enter their chil
dren and those committed to their care,
previous to the opening of the school.
The situation of the Academy is plea
sant and retired,-and at the same tiim
convenient to the central part of th<
city. Terms made known on application
llecember 3. , . ; ts
POUng uim&a*
ACADEM Y,
Washington-Street, Augusta.
. Mrs. ,
Respectfully informs the citi
zens of Augusta and the public ir
general, that the Academy will open 01
A- ONJ)AT, the 20th inst. where the va
Ti<*us branches of education will be taugh
as usual. 1 -,/i . V
Terms of Board and Tuition mode
rate, and will be made known on appli
cation.
October 18 ts
THIS SUBSCRIBERS s
Respectfully inform Re public
. in general that they have taken the
store formerly occupied by P. Bouyer &
Co. three doors above the Globe-Tavern,
where they intend to keep constantly on
hand, a general assortment of the best
Confectionaries
Os all kinds. t
Pastry, Cakes, Tarts, and Cordials
■of all sorts, by the gallon or bottle—All
of which they offer for sale on the lowest
by the quantity or retail.
Drioche &. Co:
December 3 ts
•’— mu ■■■■■« ■ i i .i. ms— —..
Wanted to Purchase
A Smart, Active, Likely Servant, ac
customed to the care of horses, tra
velling and waiting—for such an one,
and who can also come well recommend
ed for other good qualities, a very liberal
price will be given. Enquire at this office.
December 3. ts
J. W-. Bridges
Has received on Consignment and
For Hale, /
30 Hhds. & 20 Bbls,
New E. Rum.
November 8 ts ,
BLANKETS.
21 BALES, consisting of
<Kose, Point and Duffil Blankets,
Just Received and for sol hy
Ames & Allen.
—ALSO—
Additional supplies of HATH,
Seasonable Dry Goods, Spermaceti Can
dles, Cheese, Wine, <^c.
November 8 '
Administrator’s Sales.
Will be sold before the Post-Office on
Wednesday, 17th of December next,
the property of Samuel Brant, deceas
ed, for the-benefit of the heirs and
creditors, viz.
I Riding Chair ,
8 detnijons of CopaL Varnish
Quantity of Coach Lace
Plated Handles, Joints, and Bands ‘
Plated Stirrup Irons and Webbs
Saddle Bosses and Cut Tacks,
David M'Kinne, >
Jutue. J.hn.oD. S Mmr *•
■ Nov. 8 tdr
~ *H')lt SAfcifc,
A PRIME NEGRO FELLOW, who
is a good Boat Hand—Apply to the
subscriber, upper end Broad-Street, a
few doors above captain Ketchum’s cor
ner. * * - ’ ,
George W. Collins. ;
Dec. 3 »d
FOR SALE,
A HANDSOME'heaI thy situation ly*,
ing two miles-from*-Augusta, and
vrell known as Z&ckariah Sinquefield’s.
There is a comfortable dwelling and ’iae
eessary out houses, a well of ext el lent,
water, a good garden well nailed, a
*mall orchard of peach, apple & cherrv
trees, about thirty acres of dearth land.
, and under a good fence.—Further des-,
cription is deemed unnecessary; those;
desirous of purchasing will do well to
make early application to
' Peter T.Bogg.
December f. 0
e
• ii 'i i 11 ii 4 n i
LIFE OF-OMAR. BASHAW, J
Iks of Algiers, in a letter to an officer •
of the United States 1 Army. > a
Algiers , Blb March, 1817.
>: HV ibzAR SIR,
Recollecting that you once test!-;
f fied t desire to learn such particulars -of
p th* Use and. character of the distinguish-;
, ed chief who rules this barbarous em
r pire as could he obtained, 1 send you
, the following, which 1 have drawn -from;
f the best sources withhi my power.
It is hardly necessary to remark to]
. you, that according to the constitution
1 of this regency, none but foreigners are'
, eligible to fill any of the high offices of
state. The corps of Turks from which.
’ they arc selected,_is kept in existence by
I constant importations of recruits from*
| the Levant, and which are generally the
b sweepings of the prisons, and of the low*
d est orders of men in those barbarous
countries. On arriving here, they are
.» enrolled as common soldiers, and de
y pend upon -their merit, or accidents for
promotion. Therefore, the incidents in
the life of an obscure adventurer would*
e probably atfurddittle of interest if they
e could be known. But ex
j. tricates itself from this qtiaiis of igno- 1
ranee and obscurity, andjoccupies with
credit a conspicuous part pi the affairs of
r men, the individual possessing it, be
comes worthy of our notice, aim inquiry
into his character and uctiqns.
V Omar Bashaw, Dey of Algiers, was
' born in tire classical island of Mitylenc,
* the ancient Lesbos, and is now about 43
years -of age. It is said that his family
i- are renegrade Greeks. In stature he is
ii about five feet ten or eleven inches, ro
n bust, active, and well made. His com
i. plexion is dark, witli a thick shining
it black beard silvered with grey, and his
features are manly, and regular; his
>. countenance thoughtful; when in good
humour, agreeable and prepossessing;
’ when displeased, dark and gloomy. He
has very tne black eyes, but they appear
~ to meet those of any person with reluc
tance even in conversation. His man
c ner is always dignified, sometimes cor
£ dial and friendly, and he never has been
* known to lose the equilibrium of his tem-
l ’ per on any occasion. He speaks with
n hesitation and apparent embarrassment:
it would seem that his pride does not
hide from him the sentiment of his own
ignorance. He seems to be a man of
quick perception, strong natural good
i sense, and great decision *df character.
1 In private life he is said tobe a man of
t great moderation and strict morals, ac-'
cording to the rules of the faith which
he professes. ’He has but one wife and
5 three children, with them he passes all,
his leisure time in great apparent domes-'
5 tic happiness. Since he rose to sovereign
frnwer, he has given several proofs of
rieiidship and gratitude, and I have not
heard him accused of un instance of in--
’ dividual injustice.
Omar came to this country about 20
years since, in company with an elder
' f brother, as common adventurers. His
. brother appears to have been a man of
merit, -as lie early obtained the lucrative
' post of JCalife, or intendantof one of the
i provinces. As Omar was Always with
1 him, he attained an accurate knowledge
of the internal’affairs of the regency;
and the war with Tunis, and the troubles
mmFinsurrections, with which Algiers
was at that time .agitated, gave him am
, pie opportunities of establishing his rep
utation as a braveam) intelligent warrior.
About ten years ago his brother became
suspected, and was murder**! by order
of Achmet Bashaw. Omar escaped by
’ taking refuge in the barracks, when he
1 was protected by the soldiers, with whom;
he seems to have been always a favour
ite. Achmet' perished shortly after, and
was succeeded by Ali, who after a short
9 reign of a few -months, -gave place to
. Hadgi Ali who is notorious for
, his sanguinary cruelty, ami lor his dec
laration of war against the United States.
•; Thhr chief raised Omar to the important
post of aga, or commander in chief. .In
. this capacity he distinguished liimselfby
the vigour of his sdminwtratiou; and par-
J ticularly by quelling a rebellion of the
* Bey of Oran, which threatened the ex
tinction of the government of the Turks
k in Algiers. ■While acting in this quali
ty he is accused of grertand unnecessary
; cruelty, particularly in the affair of O
fan. The accusation is probably notun
founded, but I should rather suppose it a
necessary effect of the barbarous man
ners and character of these people, than
of a ferocious propensity in hirtj. Even
, the modern history of civilized nations,
furnishes more instances of cruelty and
y violence, than of moderation and justice,
s But there are some circumstances rela
i tive to the elevation of Omar, whteh do'
• not appear to admit of tl\e same excuse, 1
. /.nd which chill the blood, with horror.
: While he was absent in the interior, th«>
tyrant Hadgi Ali was murdered, his ca
' pricious cruelties having become insup
(. portable. An express was sent to the
", aga, who immediately returned to Al-’
giers, .and was offered the purple bv
’ unanimous consent; and which he could
■ then have accepted without a crime. For
< some reasons, which ane not publicly
known, he refused, and insisted upon
investing the then Hisnagce, or prime, j
minister, with the sovereign authority.
! Little is known of this personage, except
* that he was a moderate, just man, uni- I
vertally esteemed, and far advanced in i
age. He also refused, until he waain : 1
formed he must either reign or perish.' I
Fourteen days afterwards this old man - <
tM murdered, and the «ga seated In his i
place, Hadgi Aft, though a decrepid i
Old man, indulged in the excessive use <
of spirits and opium, and kept a nume- <
rous seraglio. These women were res* <
pected during the ephemeral reign of his '
immediate successor. By order of Omar j
they were all put to death! It is difficult i
to assign any plausible reason for such <
a gratuitous act of barbarous cruelty. 1 j
Though his subsequent conduct has been: <
blameless, many persons are yet In doubt 1
as to his real character
,■ 'The folly and presumption of Hadgi
Alt Bashaw 'had involved Algiers in an
open war with the' United States, and
with .Holland; the Ottoman flag had been
insulted, and the relations of the regen*
dy with France and Spain, had been
rendered doubtful. The part which
Omar had to act was therefore a very
difficult and delicate one. What remains
for me to say of this remarkableperson
age, consists principally of the political
epochs of his reign, which have •rapidly
succeeded each other, have fairly tested
his capacity, and on the whole have ex
hibited him to the world in a light notiess
advantageous than conspicuous.
From the consideration in which this
regency has bcen*held by Europe from
time immemorial, it is not surprising
that the Algerines should attach a great
degree of importance to their power, and
believe that all nations were anxious to
deprecate their hostilities. This charm
was dissolved'by the capture of two of
theirships by commodore Decatur, and
his subsequent appearance off Algiers
with his victorious squadron, while theirs
was at -sea. Omar had the good sense
to comprehend the danger of his position,
and ceding to circumstances, accepted
the terms of peace ottered to him by the
victor. If he has since equivocated upon
that peace, and demonstrated a disposi
tion t 6 renew the war, it ought rather to
be attributed to-misrepresentation here,
and to a policy in which Algiers has been
too tong indulged, and in which she has
always found her account, than to abso
lute bad faith in the Bashar.'. Holland
being at the same time at war with the
regency, her squadron arrived here p
shorttime after ours, but their conduct
tended rather to aid the Dey in his de
sign of raising thedrooping spirits of Al
giers* than to forward their object of ma
king an honourable peace. In the course
of that summer he sent his fleet to sea in
defiance of the Dutch.
It seems that the legitimate proprie
tors of mankind after restoring -the gol
den age in Europe, and paying due at
tention to the' rights of the'citizens of
Congo and Mosambique, believed it in
cumbent upon them to adopt measures
for something like'maritime liberty, and
the suppression of the white slave trade
on-the coast of Bai'bary. Great Britain
having in all probability goad reasons
for wishing to prevent such affairs from
becoming a general question in the coun
cil of sovereigns, detached lord Exmouth
here with a powerful fleet in the month
of April,'] 816, who, with much parade
and ostentation, concluded peace be
tween Algiers and the kings of Naples
and Sardinia. The conditions -of this
peace, it is true, provided for the gradu
al emancipation in the course of two
years, of the slaves of those two powers.,
for the consideration of about a million
of dollars to be paid by them Algiers,
and becoming their tributaries, llu re
markable that the first positive demon
stration of hostility to the United States
since the peace, was shown a few days
after the conclusion of this treaty. As
you-was present at this affair, you know,
that 'although -the pretensions *of the
bashaw might be unfounded, his conduct
and deportment in the negociution which*
terminated -it, was magnanimous and
honourable. To the engagements which
he made then,he has been most religious
ly faithful. .
:-On the receipt in Europe of the news
of the • negotiations by lord Exmouth, it
excited universal indignation, & brought
upon the British government the imputa
tion <of entertaining views relative to
Barbary, interested and oppressive to'
Other nations. Inconsequence, she same
nobleman arrived here again with his'
fleet -in the mouth of May following.
was the exact tenor of the propo
sitions made to the regency on that oc
casion, cannot be known here, but it ap- :
pears evident that they contained condi
tions subversive of those which had been
solemnly Stipulated one month previous.
Such -inconsistent conduct might have
embarrassed a more enlightened cabinet
than that of Algiers. The Dey on this
occasion acted with great prudence, lie
laid the affair not only "before the divan,
but also before the soldiers in the bar
racks, who unanimously agreed to sup
port hun. He, then replied to Lord Ex
mouth, that as the regency of Algiers
was a dependency of the Ottoman porte,-
he could not reply to his proposition be
fore consulting his Buzerain f the grand
signor. Lord Exmouth threatened -to i
attack and destroy Algiers, if he persis-' i
ted in his refusal to agree to his de- i
and very imperiously give him, <
three hours to reply in. The bashaw ■
then reproached him with the puerile in- : j
consistency of his conduct, which pre- I
eluded any reliance upon whatever on- s
gagementhe might make with him, and s
rejected his propositions. Lord Ex- i
mouth then retired on board,from whence i
he gave notice of his intention to attack i
the place. The bashaw appears at this i
time to have regarded a wan with Eng- r
land as actually began,«nd amongst oth- s
er measures of safety, he dispatched cour- c
iera to Bons And Oran, with orders to
arrest all British subjects or persons un
der the British protection in those pla
ces. These orders were executed with'
excessive rigour at the former place,'
where was agreat number of Italians, en
gaged in the coral fisheries, under Brit
ish license and protection. These per
sons resisted the orders of the Algerine
government, and in consequence many
of them were massacred. This affair'
was however settled without hostilities.
Lord Exmouth finding that he could not'
intimidate,agreed to allow the time ne
cessary to consult the dttoman govern
ment upon the points of dispute. Thus
did Omar, by Ins correct judgment , and
firmness, extricate himself from a diffi
culty which seemed to threaten his go
vernment with the myst serious conse
quences.
Omar on his accession to sovereign
powpr, had not neglected to send em
bassadors to Constantinople, to explain
and disavow the hostile conduct*of his
predecessor. He had been long enga
ged in collecting presents of great mag
nificence for the same destination, and
a British frigate was now placed at his
disposal to convey those presents toCon
stantinuple, which would seem to indi
cate that the late arrangement was at
least a friendly .one. Shortly after this
affair, arrived a Capidgi Bashi , or com
missary' of the Porte, with the caftan
and sabre, with which the deys of Al
giers are usually invested by the grand
seignor after ttieic election, and which is
a recognition of their legitimacy. This
in his actual situation was a very agree
able occurrence.
The last treaty, or convention, con
cluded by Lord Exmouth does not ap
pear to nave been more satisfactory in
Europe thknthe first, and as the nation
al horvour df Great Britain had beenVaost
cruelly committed in it, the ministry de
termined on a third expedition to Al
giers. The massacre at Bona conse
quent to the orders qf the bashaw to ar
rest all persons then under British pro
tection, was a principal pretext for this
war. Those orders were a- common
measure of safety, rendered necessary
by the wanton menaces of the British
commander. Those people resisted ap
order of the Algerine government to ar\
rest and secure their persons: they were
consequently reduced by force of arms,
as they would have been in any other
country in similar circumstances, There
fore this cannot be regarded as a just
cause of war; and lord Exmouth had de
clared himself satisfied with the repara
tionmade him for the insults received b>
him and his officers, from the populace
of Algiers in May; as a.proof of this, he
exchanged swords with the bashaw, and
accepted a present of a horse from him.
There was therefore no new cause of 1
war, and if these transactions are ever
fully made public, -they must place the:
British government in a very ridiculous*
pointy of view. Whether the Turkish
practice of confining ambassadors and'
other-public agents-an the castle of the
seven towers on the breaking out of war
—that which is sometimes adopted by
civilized governments, of waylaying and
•murdering them, in order to seize their
papers—or finally, the unsteady and un
candid olf Great Britain towards
Algiers since the month of April, 1816
--he a sufficient excuse for the Dey in
violating the laws of nations in the per
son ot the British consul, by arresting
and confining him in chains previous to'
the battle—l leave to the judgment of
those who are belter versed in such mat
ters than I am. A proof that this out
rage was not regarded in a very serious
light at the time, is that no adequate re
paration to the consul was insisted upon
by the British negociator, for the indig
nities which he had suffered, and his
name was not even mentioned in the
public despatches which gave an account
of the battle and subsequentpeace. Du
ring the battle of the 27th of August,
the conduct of Omar was that of a brave
and judicious man; perhaps the only
fault he committed was that of not firing '
upon the enemy’s ships before they took
their positions. He was always at the
post of danger, and continued to fight
until an. longer resistance was vain. In
the subsequent negociation, he maintain
ed the same calmness of temper that he
is so remarkable for, requesting of the
British negociator that he would as a fa
vour, inform him once for all, the extent
of the claims of his government upon
him. '
It must be admitted that the man who
always shows himself equal to the cir
cumstances in which fortune places him,
cannot want capacity. The results of
the battle es the 27th August, afforded
Omar an opportunity of demonstrating
the fij-mness of his mind, and pf devel
opinghis great abilities for business. The
Algerines may with justice, be charac
terised aa a turbulent, factious and su
perstitious banditti. Their fleet was*
destroyed, their military works laid in
ruins: their political existence seemed
to be actually eclipsed.*' They had long
entertained the' opinion that their chief
was unfortunate, a prejudice which a
Dey of Algiers-seldom survives for any
length of time, and on this occasion they
shew the most unequivocal disposition to
sacrifice him to their despair. Omar,
aware of his danger, visited the bar
racks, and harangued the soldiers. 'He
represented to them, that although their
misfortunes were great, they were not ir
reparable; that they had still great re
sources, by a prudent use of which, with
courage, and patience, many things might
be restored upon & f oo *: n _ , I
thiii ever.' That by dUu5 * Vea A
«s^swss'assS*|
to them as a victim. This di J*. auus ‘ fl
gether with a judicious distrihu? *’ ’ I
presents, and the influence rf h ftS on I
most cftuctuaMv quelled afp,„ S len I
ted in the most violent excesses , ' ■
total ruin of die Turkish dominate fl
Algiers. In the mean time hell n I
workmen and materials from lU fl
test part of Ins dominions, and tin 6 ' 'fl
‘the most indefatigable activitv s fl
landing every thing in person, |,eS fl
ly replaced Algiers by the middle f »
cember following, in a better i 1 fl
defence tlwn it ever was. At the ! M
tune be cleared the port of all the wr* ■
purchased' and equipped f OUr ca . S
cruizers; laid a sloop up on the IS >1
and took such other measures as mm > ■
a short time render the inui ttime u I
or Algiers more efficient than ever- fl
as it never can be regarded in j„ vc ’ t fl
liglit than as a piratical power, id* r|
sailing cruizers are obviously in ,l t * ,|
dreaded than heavy frigate* T* H V
less tangible, and equally roiudievou. fl
commerce. Os the subsequent „, eo , 'll
tions with us, you know that «i e had,- fl
supported hie -neputhtion there as am I
of capacity and honor. fl
. 1 finwh this long artirle by no A
cmg several traits in the character I
Ornar, which attest his clemency, and fl
much honor to his dispositions is a m fl
In the latter part of the vear 1815,acc A
spiracy wm formed against him, at I fl
head of which was Abdulla, then minist A
of -Marine. This m'an had been a chi A
of banditti in the neighborhood of Syn fl
na; subsequently here, the confidant a; M
instrument of the sanguinary cruelties- A
Hadgi All, whom he afterwards murdVr|
ed with his own hands as a partizan isl
Omar, who in consequence piomot. A
him to the post of High Civ niberlai A
and afterwards to that of Vic Hie Ha fl
gi,or minister of marine. It is not know fl
that Abdallah possessed a single n-spo c|
table quality. In him avarice, cruelt isl
vindictiveness, and brutal ignoran.cfl
i were associated with inordinate ana hifl
tion., Fortunately the plan to n vifl
der the Dey and place the, sumvimfl
power in the hands of this monster |f fl
discovered in tifne, and he was arrej it-fl
on the 12th of December of that year. ?fl
stead oftakiug his life, which is the. m isl
course m such cases in Algiers, » tifl
wre.'ch was embarked with his fain ilyfl
and effects for the Levant, at the exp* -fl
of the Regency, by order of the basin; fl
and'bis real property given to his bro; iifl
er, who is a man of respectable chars fl
tPr. The man who succeeded him ini
the administration of the marine, v.fl
: not either distinguished by any respect, t!
< ble quality. Ignorance and brutality!
were his leading characteristics. 1. J
’■ die battle of the&rth of August hewasl
acc 'sed of connivance with the enemy,l
• and his head was demanded with clamor-l
mis violence, Omar ordered him con-1
fined. The British negociator after-!
wards appeared disposed to consider!
this minister as the author of the i'.idig-i
nities wkjch had been heaped upon thel
British Consul and hie family,(o which!
Omav with great magnanimity, replied,!
th«t his minister had acted according to!
orders which he had received from him.l
; Never did the affairs ol a Dey of Algiers!
more imperiously demand u victim th<ml
on this occasion. Yet Omar refused tol
lake his life, and on the first occasion I
embarked him with his family for thel
Levant. *
On his accession to supreme au|Wi-j
. ty, Osnar had sent for Ins mother and a I
remaining brother, who arrived here ini
the summer of 1816. It appears that he I
must have regarded his situation here as I
precarious, for his brother relumed im-1
mediately after the battle, and in Me I
month of February following he enihar*J
, ked his mother and his eldest son, >'.il
board of a Swedish vessel chartered fori
the purpose, to return to JMitylcne. Onl
the departure qf this vessel, he sent fori
the Swedish Captain in company with.!
the Consul; he made the former a veryl
magnificent present^and recoinmended.!
to his particular care and attention, hisl
mother and son, as the dearest objects ofl
his solicitude/ On this occasion he could.l
not restrain his tears which flowed in a-|
bundance. Here I take .leave of o:nar-
It is possible that the two former instan
ces of clemency, may be differently ac
counted for upon principles of state po
licy, but the jalter cannot be misinter
preted. This impartial sketch of a char«-
acter, can unly be appreciated by consul*-
ering what a Dey of Algiers usually is.
To the most brutal violence, atrocity*
and insolence, has succeeded in the per*’
son of Omar, at least a semblance of pi'**
priety, decency, and decorum
* v Vours, S.
Mississippi Stock,
In Small Hills.
For Sale or Barter for Prime COTTON.
APPLY TO
jßofccrt-Lang §'Co.
November 19 y 9t
Bills on New York
For sale at ths store of A*. L. &
S. Sturges, by
Mcers & SturgeJ.
- October IS. *