Augusta chronicle & Georgia gazette. (Augusta, Ga.) 1821-1822, October 15, 1821, Image 2
l'\vronic\e and GsvxeAte.
PCII I.IHHkD K V £UI
Monday $ Thursday. ,
THE wotro, BY COWLEY.
edition, nr roisoif, a. ». 1707, p. 1.
Tevtanda via eat, &c.
Whsl sbnil 1 do to he for ever known,
And nmke the Age to come my own?
I shall like Hrqats or Common People die,
Unless you write my Elegyi
Whilst other great by being Born are
grown
Their Mother* Labour, not their own.
■do this Scale Void, In th’ other Fume does
lye,
The wAghtof (hat mounts this to high.
These men are fortune'* Jewel*, moulded
h right)
Brought forth with their own Fire and
Light.
Jf I, her vu'gar. Stone, fur cither look;
Out of mg self it must be sh ook'.
Vet 1 must on; what Sound is’t strikes
mine Ear?
Sore I Fume'* Trumpet hear
Jl sound'* like the Inst Trumpet, far it can
liaise up the bury’d Man.
Unpast A'pes slop me, but I’ll cut through
;dl,
And march, the Muses Hannibal.
Hence all the fluttering Vanities that lay
AWj of Hose* in the way.
Hence the desire of Honours, or Estate’,
And all that is not above Fate,
lienee J.me himself that Tyrant of my
Days,
Which intercepts my coming Praise.
Come my best friends, my Books, and
lead me tin;
Tis time that I were gone.
Welcome, great Stagirite, and teach me
now
All I was born to know.
.Thy St Mar's Vict’rics tbou dost far out
do;
He complet'd th* Earth, the whole
florid you.
Welcome (earn'd Cieero, whose blest
Tongue and Wit
Preserves Home’s Greatness yet.
Thou ail the Jtfsi of Orators’, only he
\\ lio best caii praise Thee next must be. i
Welcome ihe Mantuan Swan, Virgil the
H’ur,
Whose Verse walks highest, but not
flies.
Who bi ought green Pocste to her perfect
Age.
And made that Art which was a Huge.
Tell me, ye mighty Three, what shall 1 do
To ho like one ol yon
Bui you have climb’d the Mountain’s top,
there sit
On the calm flourishing Head of it,
And whilst with \v« aried steps we upward
K'».
See Us, and Clouds below,
DRINKING.
The thirsty Earth soaks up the Rain,
And drinks, and gapes fur Drink again.
The Plants suck in the Earth, and arc
With constant Drinking fresh und fair.
The Sea it self, which one would think
Should have but little need of Drink,
Drinks tea thousand Fiver* up,
Sofill’d that they o’er-flow the Cup
flic busie Sun (and one would guess
Bt ’s drunken Kary Face no less)
\ Drinks up the Sea, and when be'as
done, «
The Aloon and Stars drink up the Sun
They drink and dance by their own
Light,
They drink and revel all the Night.
Nothing in Nature's sober found,
But an eternal Health goes round.
Fill up th« Bowl ben, fill it high.
Fill all the Glasses there lor why
Should evTy Creature drink but I,
Win . ALm or AJarals, tell we why }
COWIKT 1.4 S
Os i.n account of " Gr> ece, by Chas. ALtc
laren. Esq.”
Greece and its inhabitants, uf'er along
period of oblivion, have at length be
come objjyc s of general and profound
inteiest. It was singula., indeed, that
while classical scholars were immersed
in the stnd< ot its poets, orators, and his
tojisus, the ronntry that gave birth to so
many literary treasures, seemed to have
been us completely forgotten, as if it had
been blotted Mom the map of Europe.
'I he Continent of Greece, including
Albania and Macedonia, extends from 36°
10' to 42” 40’ gs North latitude; ane fram
19°-15' to 24" 40' of East loiuigitude from
London. Ps length, front Cape Mata pan to
Mount U 'helus, or Argentaro, is 450 En
glish nit Its; it* greatssf breadth, ftotn Du
raizotn Ckvale, 2 7 miles; and it embra
ces an acra of Sr.7soaquar»s miles, exclu
sive of all its is.auds except Euboea.
The general aspect of Greece is char
acterized by a very stngnlav dis.nbmion
of itsm mntaiiis These are usually nei
ther placed in parallel chains, nor in
massive pi oups, but are *» deposed as to
eiidose extensive tracts of land, which
assume the appearance of large basins or
circular hollows. The bottoms of <hree ba
sins consists of an alluvial plain of he
richest aoil, and level as the ocean;
thr ugh which sometimes rise steep in
sulated rocks line the summits of vast nat
ural columns Nature had thus marked
out the country into a number of distinct
districts admirably calculated to become
the seats of "mall communities. The.plain,
with its rich alluvial sod, furnished sub
sistence for a dense population; the insu
l&ted rock became the Acr pohs, or cita
del of the chief town, a place of refirge ii
war; and the surrounding mountains were
bairiers sgainst invasion. Os these plains,
some terminate in the ocean, and seem to
owe their existence to the retiring of
the waters. Suchate those of Macedonia,
Athens, Argos, Laoania, Messeuia, and
Ambme'.a. Others are completely snr
raauoed by a rampart of mountains or
high grounds, except at a aingle point
where U»e waters have found or foaretd
a passage. Os this description are the
three remarkable valuta of Thessaly,
Buetua. and Arcadia. Each of these t orch
bi)’ suggest the uteaufa vast inland lake,
where the waters accumulating for a long
period, bad at length burnt through the
turner that confined them, and left the
bottom dry,
‘"ere aro few or no diseases peculiar
vc Giseoe. Like all the countries on ike (
shares of the itedilefranoan, it snfiVr*
greatly from malar#. Thi» prevails
chiefly in the month* of August and Sep
tember, and produce remittent or inter
mittent fevers, which attack those who
reside in low situations, near the mouths
of rivers; or in the neighbrohood of lakes,
marshes, or rice-grounds. Ihe ancients
were aware; that fevers of this descrip
tion affected certain districts; but un
doubtly, the sphere of their influence
lias been vastly extended by the n-glect
ed state of the country. The Flague
occurs at irregular periods, and makes
great ravages, but is generality believed to
be imported from Constantinople, Smyrna
or Egypt.
In Greece, as in other parts of Turkey,
Ml lands hold immediately of the Sultan,
and on the demise of the incumbent, vest
■a new in him. And (hough custom 'may
temper a rule so pernicious, and the right
of resumption may not be rigorously exer
cised at the demise of each incumbent, it
will still be made a ground for vex itious
demands, and render the transmission of
property dependent on the caprices of
provincial governois. The most consi
derable proprietors, both Turks and
Greeks, live generally in towns, and the
land is let to the pea writs on a system re
sembling that of tlic Metayers in France,
The lands are let from year to year; the
landlord furnishes cottages, cattle, and
seed' the tenant labors the ground; and
after a tenth of the produce is set aside
for the public tax, the remainder is divid
ed into three parts, of which -the tenant
gels one and the proprietor two.
The most common crops are w heat, barley
maize, and rye; besides these, oats in a ve
ry small quantity, rice in marshy spots,
millet, pease, beans, tares, sesamum, and
anise, with cotton and Tobacco. Turnips
if raised at all, are confined to gardens,
land potates seem to be entirely unknown
The corn *own in November or February,
1 is high in the beginning of March, and
is cut in May. It is sometimes sown as late
as April, and reaped in twomonths.
After a crop of barley, cotton is some
times sown and reaped the same season.
Greece, abounding in mountains covered
with herbage is eminently a pastoral
country;—and the management of sheep
is better understood than the other bran
ches of rural economy The modern
bree< s.however have declined much from
the Ancient in beauty and value
The Mechanic Ai ts are necessarily in a
rude stale, though the vices of the govern
ment do not operate so injuriously upon
thorn as upon Agriculture. The Agents
of the llritish Ambassador enuid not pro
cure a wheeled carl or a laddi r in Athens;
but it ought to be recollected, that the
Greeks, «hn inhabit a mountainous coun
try, with sieepjnnpaved roads, have some
reason for employihg pack-horses, insieai
of wheel-carriages, as we did in Sc tl nd
60 or 70 years ago; and if the tradesmen
who construct the mosques, the bathes,
and the palaces of the Pacha’s, would not,
or could not make a cart or a ladder, it was
certainly notfiom want ot skill, but want
of practice.
In the ten yeais from 17H7 to 1797,
about one half of the foreign trade of
Greece was with Gumany. It was con
ducted by Greeks, ami Vien a and Solo
nica were the principal entrepots. The
Germans take cotton, raw and spun, from
Greece, and return light woolens, linens
muslins, glass, cutlery, to the value,
of one third of their imports, and theo
ther two thirds in specie. The Italian
commerce, which is next in importance
io the German, and in chiefly carried on
with the ports of Leghorn and Venice.—
It supplied Greece with fire-arms, glass,
paper, si ks, &c. Russia sent silks and pel
try; France, woolens, bonnets, gold-lace,
sugar, coffe., and indigo; Holland, clothe
and spicems; and England, Wu lens,
muslins, linens, metal, wrought and un
wroughi, watches, tr nkets, jewelry, and
colonial produce. Except Russ,a and Eng
land, all those Tates make part of their
returns in spicic; and the new establish
ments of Rutain In Malta and lonian Is
lands must have transf. rred to her a par
ut whui was formerly in the hands of the
Fiench and luliai s.
[ The,Turks have been estimated at 500,
| 000 the Bulgarians, Wutlachians and Alba-
I nian colonists are Christians of tiie same de
nomination wall the Greeks; and since
neither the jews nor the Latin Christians
dispensed throgh the ports on the west
ern coast, and in some of the cyclades,
are of any importance in point ol num
bers, we-have only u> estimate the pro
portion of Mahometans and Christians m
Albania, to ascertain the total amount of
each party in Greece. Major Leake
thinks that the native inhabitants ot Alba
nia altogether (ixclnsive of the Grteks)
are pretty nearly equalh divided between
the two religions; on dtis ground, an ad
dition must be made of 350 000, or 400,000,
to the Turkish Mahometans, which will
raise the whole number cf the Mahome
tans to 900,000. The different nations
belonging .o the Greek Church, who con
stitute the remainder of the population,
must, therefore, amount to nearly 1.kG0,-
000, or twice the numbt r of Mahometans,
li should be observed, however, that the
Albanians were all originally Christians,
that the parly now professing Mahome
tanism emursced it only at a recent peri
od aud arc so lax in their faith, and so
exempt from bigotry, as to bo consider
ed no better than infideis by the Turks.
Their national temper predominates ovei
iheir religion; and they hate the Turks
much more than their brethren who
profV-ss Christianity.
The Greek Church agrees so closely
with the Roman in its doctrines, and even
m its forms, that it is raih.er diaic dt to
discriminate between them by any intel
ligible distinctions The Greek Church
anlda the doctrine of the Trinity with
some unimportant peculiarities. In the
number of its sacraments, i he invocation of
vaints, the belief of the real presence, the
practice of auricular confession, and in
admitting masses and services for the
dead, it agrees peilectly with that of
Rome. The sacrament of the Lord’s
Supper is administered to infants newly
born, and in tne place of confirmation,
they substitute the chrism or sacred one
tion,_ being a part or appendage of the
baptismal ceremony. On Holy Thursday
the Greek Archbishop, like the Fope,
washes the feet of twelve priests or monks.
It is rather doubttul whether the Greek
Church admits a purgatory, at least in
the tame sense as the Roman Cathahcs ;
and they themselves, at the present day,
are toe ignoiant to tell. The most palpa
te distinction between tbe two churches,
in the eyes of the cemmon people is, that
the Greeks abhor the images used by die
| Catholics, «nd employ only paintings in
fl* 0
( their churches. Every Wednesday it a
; fasi, because it was on that day Judas re*
. ceircd the money fur betraying Christ j
. and every Friday in remembrance of the
i crucifixion. A vast number of saints’
i days are also observec, so that of the
, whole rear there are only about 130 days
j free of fasts or festivals
There is a national likeness observable
in all (It* Creeks, and though, on the
whole, the islanders are darker and of a
. stronger make than those on toe main.
land. They have a larger facial angle
i than the other nations in the sou'h of Eu
, rope, to whom they are manifestly superb
i or both in countenance and forn Their
faces are Just such as served far models
( to lire ancient sculptors, and their young
( men in particular, are of that perfect
beauty, which we should ptrhajs consid
er 100 soft and effeminate in our climate.
Hoth the face and form of the women are
very inferior to those of the men. Though
they have the same kind of features, their
eyes are too languid, and their complex*
• ions too pale, and, even from the age ot
twelve, they have s flaccidity and loose
ness of person which is far from agreea
ble. They are generally rather below
the middle size, and when between 25 and
30, are commonly rather fat and unwieldy.
Travellers now seem to be nearly a
greed as to the intellectual and mo>a'
qualities of the Greeks, it is allowed
that they have much acuteness of under
standing, polished and agreeable mari
ners, a sprightly wit, and great natural
eloquence ; but on (he other hand, iheii
apologists cannot deny that, though an ic(
in their fasts, they ai(e Uxiu their morals)
that their vanity forms a lamentable con
trasi with their humbled condition ; and
tlr.it they have more tlan an ordinary slut e
of duplicity, meannesi and higotiy.—On.
of the best features n their character it
the strong national spirit that animates
them, and the lively interest they rake
in the fate of their country. They con
tinually reproach the Franks with i
tude, for not assisting them to throw ofl
the iurkish yoke; asierting that we aiv
indebted to their anctstuts tor all the ai ts
and knowledge we pwscss. Yet, though
the deeds of tne ancient Greeks .ive in
their memories, arid are often m thrir
mouths, they have a veiy contused and
erroneous idea of their characier. In
private ife, ilia Greeks have, much social
feeling; and thuugu easy in mqir man
ners are strict ns- rvers of turtinf. Two
men in saluting, that ouch their foreheads,
then place their right liuikis on theii hearts
and kiss each other They are fond ol u
tics and distinctions in piuporuon U their
waniot i eal strength and dignity, of ■char
acter If Very -vrehon and Codjafashee,
though he ii*s b u the shadow ototficiai
dignity, is “most illustreus,” or M »i net no
kle,” A Bisiiop is styled ‘■‘your b.aii
ludr,' a Priest, “ your Holiness.’' They
arc avaricious, but tney desire money on
lyior me purpose of osteivtatilni. i lien
veneration 1.-i wealth indeed supetcedes,
in some measure, the siroug-est natural
ties Cluldren who get ,ich soiuclam s
unploy tiictr own fatiKrs as menial st r
vaids, and arc waited upon by them at ta
ble. Pare Ala teach .heir children to kiss
iheir hands, and to address them by the-,
title of signor, which implies superiority,
and is therefore preferred to
ing app liat'O.is,
Tne question regarding the einancipa-'
t.on ot lot *.leeks from the i’urki h yoke
involves so many collateral topics, dial a
long dissertation would be required io do
jusi.ee toil; and we can only span, room
for a few > etnarkes. First, we may observe,
luat the mora. degradation ot .in, Gittks
is not necessarily fatal to their hopes ot
deliverance A sense of co muon inter
est, a s'rung national spirt, pow
erful fueling of revenge, arc the motives
that excite men to act in such cnenmstan
ces; and all these the Greeks set! the in
fluenoe of in a considerable degree.' fney
have courage; and though they waul tne
private virtue and disinterested publ.c
zeal necessary to build up i free govern
ment, it should be recollected that they
may be independent without enjoying ci
v l l liberty, and yet by such independence
then condition would be immensely im
proved in the second place, while the
Turk are remaining stationary, the
Greek* are silently ad .toeing in
edge, in wealth, in numbers, and in i!k
cousciousness of power; and their relative
situation is ihus dany improving- Their
lively and susceptible uisposit'on is ex
tremely capable of every species of m
struct ion; and ail tne ana ami knowledge
of western Europe, with all the superior
ity which these confer, could be coriinui
mealed to ihein more easily ihan to any
otner people in the same Stage of civi.iza
lion. In tuc linrd place, tbc power of the
f’nrss seems verging lo ties rue* ion, from
ihe craziness incident to an old system,
winch lias no moans ot inter.all renova
tion, and no power io adapt itsclt lo the
changed ciicumsauces of Europe. Ti.eir
naiKruus defea s have destroyed ihtu
contide .ce in themselves. They form bin
a f aoli»n of the population ot Greece;
and though they are accustomed to com
maud, and I ave the, machinery of govern
ment in tueir iiauds, their force is badly
organized, and their torpidily and w ant
of skill nulializ; the power they have. —
In the fourth piace, Greece is a mountain
ous country, abounding in strong posi
tions; and therefore affording great ad
vantages to a population ei gaged in de
sultory warfare, f’o these we may add,
that, in the event ol a general insurrec
tion, the commercial marine of the
Greeks would soon render them masters
by sea; ami from the nature of the conn
try', this would operate powerfully in
their favour.
■• There cannot remain a doubt, there
fore, that a very slight effort would b«
sufficient to subvert the Turkish power.
Uut the (mancipation ot the Greeks de
penps, in some degree, upon a variety of
other circumstances. First, Greece is un
fortunately occupied by several nations,
differing in manners, language, and origin
who have no common ties sufficient to u
nite them firmly together betting aside
the Bulgarians, who ire posted at the ex
tiemity of the country, and the Turks as
the common enemies of the whole, there
are still the Wallach'uns, who have entire
possession of a considerable district, be
sides being dispersed in small portions
through the rest of the cnulry; and the
Albanians, formidable by their numbers
and energy, masters of two-fiflhs of the
country, and spread in a small proportion,
through the whole These nations, with
the Turks, form about one half of the
population. The Greeks, who form th
other half, are thus every where mixeu
with their rivals or their enemies. The
Wallachians, though professing the same
a religion with the Greeks, differ from
- . them in manners and language The V)
; banians are not o.iiy distinct m manner
k and language, but regard the Greeks
>’ with contempt. Even among tho Greeks
e themselves there are considerable diver
» sities of charracter. The commercial
Greeks of the towns have probably but
e little affinity with the peasantry, and the
s Mainotes of the More aas little with the
a peasantry of Thessaly and Macedon. Al l
• these parties agree in haling the Turks;
2 but, it is evident, there arc many autina.
- tides to be removed, and rival interests
■ to be recociled, before they can be
r brought to co opera ? vigorously in a
s common design. Should the Greeks
J move by themselves, they will find that
t all who are not for them are against them;
- r.nd the Turks, with the usual policy of
. despotic rulers, will make use of one par
s ty to crush the other. But, in tne second
i place, the consolidation of so great a
r part of Greece under the I’aslia of \lba
- nia, has given an entirely nevv aspect lo
i the question regarding the emancipation
-of tile Greeks. Albania, for some ceutu
■ nes, h«s been divided a number of
f fiiercu and warlike tribes or clans, almost
1 independent of the Turks, but engaged
■ in perpetual contests with one another.
The union of these hostile tribes, for the
1 first time, under one head by the vigotu
i of All, has necessarily raised up a new
and formidable power, which must m.-ke
• itself felt in all the surrounding parts. —
> It is so formidable, indeed, that no great
change can now fake place in Gre ce
I without its concurrence. The two great
I parties of Greeks and Albanians are, in
• fact, so placed that their union is essen
i. tial to the independence of the country,
and that union seems to be scarcely pos
sible. So long as Aii wants the naval
i means of the Greeks, and while llic
i Turks occupy the southern and eastern
paitof the country, his power cannot be
• s.curo. The (wo nations are too strong*
ly divided by dissimilarity of charracter
and mu nal antipathies to coalesce v< i
onU ’iiy Nor is it probable thet the Al
i banians-, who arc stronger for defence
than conquest, will be able to reduce
Southern Greece by force. The Greeks,
on the oilier Hand, would not moke any
effu t for Die sake of exchanging the
slligg.su tyranny cftiie Turk* s fir the- rig
orous despotism of the Pasha. Were
they to attempt lo liberate themselves,
til’s sagacity would teach him to regard
such a sup as injurious to his interest; for
hough it would weaken the common cn
. my tne Turks, it would raise up a new
power much more formidable to him.—
I o all appearance, therefore, the power
of the l urks in G.eece, so far as de
pends on tnes causes, may maintain itself
sometime longer, by means of the mutual
jraiusics of its domestic enemies.
flic Greeks, however, have long look
d to foreign aid tor the means ol iiber
anng then-selves; and three different
opinions prevailed among them recently
>» (elation to this subject. The insular
- ami conrinericai G-eelts, and those of the
.Vloiea, attached then selves lo the icU a
oi liberation through England; a second
paity, including many of their iterarv
men and continental merchants, looked
to the late revolutionary government of
France as a more probable means if deli
verance; while the lower orders, and
those must attached to the national reli
gion, were anxious to receive the Bus
siaus at liberal on.
From Ueifc’s Philadelphia Gazette.
I. Don Jose Callava Fix-Governor of Wes
Florida, Commissioned by the Spams
governm. nt to carry into full and complete
effect as Commissioner, aIC th» at,- mil
lions between Ilis Catholic Majesty an-,
the President ol tire United States, in th
cession made to them *of the said Province
under the Treaty of friendship, adjust
ment of differences and limits ratified by
hoth nations on the 2‘2d day of February
of die present yesr 1821, Dp make the
present sworn exposition, with all the
force of law, on my word of honor, guar
amoving the truth of my assertion, on the
responsibility of my bead before a tribu
nal, of the outrages which were com
milted against my official character as
b punish Commissioner; against my person
and against my bouse on die day and
night of Wednesday, the 22d of August,
1821, by the Governor of the said West
Florida and Commissioner on the part of
the United S ates under the same Treaty.
The facts are as follow s:
At about four in the afternoon I was in
tile house oi Geo. M. Brooks, Esq colo
nel of the United States Fourth lleg’t to
dinner. The company at table consisted f
Goi Brooks, Ids lady, Elji.is Fronientin,
Esq. Judge of the Uniied States, the com
mander of the U. S brig of war Enter
prise, Michael Kearney Esq, Lieut. Coi
Don Marius De Viiliers, Lieut. Col. ami
commander of Artillery, Don Francisco
Palms, the Vicar of lire province the Kev
,l anics Colmon, and citizens Dr Juan In
oerarity, Dr. loan Lama, merchants. Dr
Barnard*) Prieto, and Don Luis Gay aid.
Cap I. Don Jure Norilga, a retired officer,
Don Jose Cmzrtt, my Secretary of the
commission, Lieut. Don Carlos De Vil
liers, and Don Arnaido Guilhmard, sub
Lieuls. Don Maria: o Luturduy and Don
Pedro de Alba, public Interpreter. The
Spanish sublieut Dun Domingo Sousa,
came and enquired for me, earnestly
desiring to speak with me. On entering
lie was accompanied by an officer of the
U States who conducted him as prisoner
as ha told me, having asked him for what
reason, he replied, in the presence ot the
company that ou the preceding day three
persons made their appearance at his
house, who said we are authorised by the
Governor Don Andrew Jackson, to order
you to deliver up certain papers
which he has been informed are in your
. possessions of; and tidhr the indications
, which they made to him, he comprehend
i ed that tney were those which were
packed up in cases belonging to the mill
■ lary tribunal and that of Finance he told
tnetn that certain cases existed in his pos
i session in which lie believed they were;
but that he was a subaltern officer, sub'
; ject to my orders and attached to the
. commission, and that the cases which he
had mentioned were under bis care by my
■ onlers as notary or clerk of those privi
i lodged tribunals under my authority as
: governor, and could not dispose ofthose
i unless by my command. The persons in
i question withdrew and returned again
; the same day with a demand in writing
of the papers, requiring him to give bis
i a swer also in writing; which he did, and
consequently came to inforc me tiiereoi
: but did not ford me at home. On reflect*
ing this morning, l»e dcterhimeft on taking,
Item to my house as a place of more se
curity than this—he (lid so; but not find
ing at home, left them in my house which
aas all he knev r . 1 told him that he had
done right. He further added that hav
ing just searched his and demanded the
papers, he replied that they were in my
house, on which they conducted him as
prisoner.
I immediately sent my Aid, Captain
Don Bernardo Pruto to inform the Gover
nor from me, that Don Domingo Sousa,
was an officer under my orders and em
ployed in the Commission, that as the pa
pers demanded could not be given by him,
lie would have the goodness to address
himself to me, and that if they were such
as could be delivered, they would be fur
nished through the regular channel; ex
tending funher my request, that he would
be picased to understand thut they could
only be delivered by me. The answer
my adjutant brought me was, that “ the
order for the imprisonment ol Sousa will
be continued,” and that the Governor
further told linn," I ell Colouel Callava
that I will put him along with him.'
Under the impression that an answer alto
gtther so unaccountable without the
slightest provocation to rest on, could on
ly be attributed to an extraordinary mis
take in the interpretation winch had made
of my message to the Commissioner and
Governor Andrew Jackson, I ordered my
Adjutant to return, accompanied by ano
ther officer and the public interpreter, in
order to acquaint the Governor therewith.
They fuddled their mission amt brought
me for answer, that the Governor had re
plied with loud vociferations and in the
presence of several persons, that Coi. Cai
lava shall go to jail.
1 was lost in astonishment and my reason
coukl not impute so extraordinary an oc
ctiTenc to any other cause than to an en
tire privation of judgment or to sinister in
terpretation, but having no foundation on
witich to rest sue i an opinion, I proposed
to go in person to the Governor, so soon
as dinner was over, but before 1 could do
so, three persons came to the house of
colonel Brooke, who said they were au
thorised to-demand of me immediately the
papers,for the Governor would not show
towards me ai.y 1 more considi rations or
forms, than he would to any other private
individual.
I replied to them, requesting them to
enquire of the Commipsi uier of the Unit
ed States, Andrew Jackson, how “ was it
possible that he should forget in a manner
so unaccountable, my official character?"
Dill he not receive from me, as Cummis
sioner on the part of Spain the Province
of West Florida, of which I was his pre.
decessor in the government, and that my
stay with my Secrttary and officers, was
pending the decision of the points sub
milted by himself and me to our respec
tive governments, relative to the construc
tion to be given to the second article of
the Treaty ? The artillery is still held in
deposit undei ilk national safeguard. The
papers ami documents under rny charge
as governor, to be given by me under die
Treaty, could not be delivered by me in
the charactter of a private individual, be
cause they did come into my possession
and trust in that capacity I requested
them to tell him lhail was altogether be
wildered at this course which was now
•mrsuing, that the papers in my possesion
diould be held sacred and inviolable in
Pensacola, my person being under the im
munity of the laws of nations, to be re
spected and protected agreeable to the
usages of civilized nations,ano every other
nd.vidual commissioned by his respective
govci naienl. That they would also be
pieased to tell him that 1 did not yet know
what papers he demanded of me lodeli
i r in tins manner, and that he would
save the goodness, fully to ucq mint me
therewith in an official form, having due
eganl to the peace and harmony which
subsists between Spain and the United
■'states; that I have always acted tov.ards
him with the most distinguished conside
ration, both as Commissioner of the Unit
ed States and as Governor; and in like
manner I have treated all tne citizens ol
die United States, indiscriminately, with
the greatest attention during my adminis
tration as governor of West Florida; that
1 assure gen Jackson, both as commissi
oner and governor, that whatever papers
were to be delivered by me to him this
day, should be immediately furnished
through the regular channel, as a proof
that they were given in a manner becom
ing my official character.
1 found myself attacked with a violent
pain, from a complaint under which 1 have
been suffering for some time.—This i
imparted to Col. Brooke, and requ sted
him to permit me to retire to my House,
which I did, and then ordered my secre
tary to address an official letter to the
govtrnof, making the same statement to
him as 1 had done to the bearers of his mes
sage; which official letter 1 sent him by
two officers, but the governor refused to
receive it. At seven at night, the same
person came to my house, demanded the
papers from me as a private individual, or
to go with them before the governor, i
found myself so unwell, as to be unable to
'sit up, and slated io them that my illness
would not admit of my going out, and that
I did not clearly understand what papers
they wanted, nor could I deliver them in
any other way than as commissioner under
the Treaty, if they were embraced in
the same, but if appertaining to my func
tions as Military Governor, as such being
packed up m the cases, (as it was said)
they must indispensably belong to the de
partment of the military government, or
that of the national finance, as all the civil
and criminal archives belonging to the
ordinary tribunals had been delivered up
by the Constitutional Aicade, as also were
the protocols to the commission of the U
uited States; but nevertheless I request
ed them to furnish me with a note of the
description of papers and 1 would reply.
In about an hour afterwards, a note writ
ten in English on a loose half sheet of pa
per was sent to me without any cover; 1
answered the bearer that it would he
iranslated and replied to. 1 sent it to the
interpreter and went to bed, and some
time after, while, at rest, troops com
manded by an officer, and under the »r
t er of the abovementioned persons, broke
down my fences, scaled my house, and
entered my chamber with naked bayo
nets in their hands ; 1 addressed them
i xclaimmg that since my house did not
affoixl me an asylum, nor my official char
acter shelter me t/ nor the immunity to
which I was entitled under the govern
ment of the United States, I threw my
self on the protection of that government,
and protested in the most soUmn man
ner against such extraordinary outrages.
They nr,steered that 1 tmut
delivar the papers mentioned
or that 1 should be conduced
a prisoner* I replied, thus l
note to the interpreter fV.r tr>
that I w as indisposed, and roq JKS
they would not force me tVoin 9|
at that hour (at half past ten
that if it would he sufilritni toß®
execution of suchtoiders, they
(ermine on forcibly op-iiMi"- ' :r .SB
n •*,\ks and carrying off' anv
pleased, or act as they thought
I was disposed to yield to tore- ■Si
resigned to let them as-::,-si me
placed every tiling at their
One of the deputation
cer commanding io enter my
at this time the citizen l) >n
rity wished to intercede, as n -X9
me, but in speaking hr was
lent, and the officer was
me as his prisoner with hh a:uß||
J replied, that f considered
sod in proof thereof, 1
and case, hut- as to dragging
house, they must lake mu, u „H|
my ill state of health—diey H
that they knew it. ordered me HI
and with the armed troops condHß
to the presence untie GovemorH|
in a seperate hmi-u; from Ids iWfl|
accompanied by a large concßl
people ofa!l description ol persoHj
said Governor through a pt
ed as a Notary and fhlci
him to extend an intcrrog-itoiy H||
himself dictated and requir-u®D
answci—The question was m 9p
hut I requested io be petimuHE
swer in my own id om, and tHEj
with my own hand, it was gisHm
while wrding my answer, the ißk
snatched from me, and wuh
ousness of a person bereaved
ment or desperate, the Goverflß
beevy knocks on the table, ami®/.’ ’
violent gestures, ordered me i^®]
ihe papers 1 was in tl®
answering, but he gave, me niHH
speak, & whenever the In' ei'pe:-t®||
to explaiu my answer in wlncliB&l
often been interrupted, were
permitted to interpret or did null
the same. With the strongest dH
lion 1 constantly inlreateii
not in the present act be ui|>m®H
resource and consolation oi
writing,and that 1 should be mtl
oi the like manner; that a hituflH
merit might be left, for 1 infmrtflE
raving of the Governor, that 1
assassinated. Unavailing were
quests, every thing was
could I learn wh, i was draggeiHH
In ttie chaos of n i.hiitu.us i«p
saw myself enveloped, nnprc.flE
the laws, the moment at lengiß|
when Gov Jackson drew
papers,a written order wim.li sHB
the interrelation made to me, H
the mandate for my being sent
When informe’d thereof, I ircpmiHß
qested the interpreter to ask
if ue did not shudder at the p-rl
of such deeds, that I p rotes'ed oBH
government of the United
tlie author of these atrocious ■lll
c.imniitled against my pci sou HH
character I represented.
or replied this tune through lu>®s
ter, that lie was atone
Government; that lit die. not rdH||
consequences, and that I might®
u. fore Go 1 himself. 1 was in ikcHS
to jail at the hour of
delicate state of health! My I®
left open to the mercy of the
The Spanish officers and
of my confidence who were
paired lihther were ordered off, ®||
of them permitted to remain. ®H
son and tiiose of the
were under my charge were
any inventory or account of the
keys of my trunks were left; my H|
ty and that belonging to my Guv®|
tor the purposes of the Commis*ii®|
in like maimer abandoned wiinoiil®|
count or inventory, as alsoalin®!
personal property. At eleven on
lowing morning of the 23d, a w ri®|
boas Corpus was issued by tne Jud®
Enjius Fiomentin, but Governor ®:
treated it with contempt, staling®
did not think proper to allow it to I®
ed into effect. H
At about five in the afternoon®
same day 1 was informed by the ot®
the guard at -the prison of an o®
the governor, which stated 1 sh®
setai liberty and accompanied by '■
cer of the day to my house, as ■
now got possession of the paper®
might see if the cases tins®
Beaied. 1 told the officer who de®
the order that I could not enter my®
unless accompanied by a Judge- >■
I might look for one and then I can
of prison. The officer accumj
me with'many other persons and
to tlie house of judge Fromenlin,
ing ike only one in West Florida, I
him indisposed and before every oi
sentl made a succinct relation of al
facts & begged that he would exti
my person anil house the protection
law. Me informed me that iiiftiad
tion prevented him fiomaccompj
me, and that in . his place I shout
witnesses to bo present ut tlie recogi
i then went to the house accoaif
by many people and die officer ol >h
1 found armed troops inside; my 1
scattered on the table, a case i ll * P
which had been nailed andse Jd
eighteen wax seals, with the i |Tl P'
the seal of my government was
fractured and reclosed and se.deu '
different seal. My stale of health"*
hitherto permitted me to make th-- 1 '
nary examination.of my private 110
lie papers, nor the confidential *>i
my government during my admin' 5 ' 1
nor the documents of my comm-- 51
The money was enure. .
Tlie foregoing relations compr
the outrages committed against an
son and official character in Pens» c
the 22d day of August,
Andrew Jackson. This narrau'C
most sacred truth —In it I - f - a ' e n
pressed any previous circiunstaso
history of, the facts had no other 0 n
The motive lam entirely ‘ff iu,r ‘‘
and that the whole isatrue exposi
solemnly swear 1 tender the P l
i protest with same solemnity be
before my government, before 11
United States, and before alt men, S
tlie authors and perpetrators
deeds. I also swear under tne ■
gallons that 1 ‘have alway s obae i
mg my administration as Govern
F.orida, indiscriminately t 0 , * . L
vidnalof the United
dent or transient persons, ut'" ,
sideraiioir, that I have respe