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THE GEORGIA JOURNAL.
VOL. I.
MILLEDGEVILLE, TUESDAY, JUNE 5, 1810.
No. 32.
PUBLISH '2D BY SEATON ORANTLANDj
(PRINTER TO TUB STATE,) ON JF.V
FERSON STREET, OPPOSITE Till
NORTH END OF THE STATE-HOUSE.
TERMS THREE DOLLARS PER AN
NUM, ONE HALF TO BE PAID IN AD
VANCE.
ADVERTISEMENTS WILL BF. THANK
FULLY RECEIVED, AND PUBLISHED
AT THE CUSTOMARY PRICES
thf. subterranean voyage,
* * OR
THE MAMMOTH CAVE,
‘ PARTIALLY EXPLORED.
the assistance of all our light wt
ould not discover where they termi
nated.
Some distance further rlong, we
passed what is called the sick room,
the presence of a greater proportion
of the oxigen gas. The bottom o;
the cave is generally covered wit
lime stone, which appears ;:t differ
ent times to have been detached Iron
in consequence of an attempt beingllhe roof or ceiling. When we wen
made to explore it, which proved un-jnear the end of the last branch w<
successful; the person who inade'explored, our friend, Mr. Curiosity,
the attempt, first felt a nausea andjpushed him on before a conicdfralbk
general debility, which was succeed-jdistancc, when attempting to snufl
ed by violent puking; they veryjhis candle, he put it out-—he was
prudently retreated and have never obliged to sit in the dark and halloo,
since entered it; we supposed the after some time he made himself
existence of mephi tic gas, & thought heard, when we dispatched a mes-
it most prudent to pass without en-'Scngof lor him, and sounded a re
tiring. At a bout two miles fromjtreur. On many stones we found
{From a gentleman In Bou'Ung Green, jfr».'the entrance we found Glauber and rude characters traced, specimens of
lucky, to bis friend in Kuje.fi lie.) Epsome salts, with Ochreous earthsjwhich I have in my pocket hook.—
Boxvling-Grcen. Jan. 21, 1810.
My Dear W.
You mi} perhaps not deem it un
interesting to have some informati
on respecting the largest cave now
known. It lies about eight miles
from the Dripping Spring, a little
south of cast, near Green River, in
Warren county. The surrounding
country is composed of knobs not
ualike those in the barrens generally.
The mouth of the cave is situated
on the north side of one of those
knobs. We descended abruptly a-
botit fifty or sixty feet, when the
mouth presented itself complete ; it
is arched over by a large ledge of
rocks, from which issues a clear
fountain; from this the workmen
are supplied with a sufficiency of wa
ter for their salt petre works ; it
falls perpendicularly fifty feet. In
removing the earth near the mouth
for the purpose of erecting furna
ces, several human skeletons were
discovered, of a size unusually large ,
one of the former proprietors of the
cave, a stout man compared the size
of the under jaw bone with his own,
and found that it would easily pass
over, his the other bones were of cor
responding size. 1 he salt petre
earth commences with the cave, and
continues so far as has been exam
ined, which is about seven miles.
In passing what is called the nar
rows, you are obliged to walk halt
bent, these continue about a quarter
of a mile ; in this pass there is con
stantly a strong current of air ; the
six eolil months the air rushes into
the cave, the other six it issues from
it; tins is easily accounted for by
all men of science. At the termina
tion of these narrows, you are ush
ered into one of the most sublimeh
beautiful and picturesque amphi
theatres in the world ; it expands to
sixty or severity feet wide and as ma
ny deep. The most elaborate effort
of the pencil would fail to do justice
to the rich scenery and varied drape
ry with which the senses are delight
ed.—Immediately on entering this
large room, you experience a sudden
change of the air frdm a chilling cold
to a heat oppressive ; here some of
our companions pulled ofl their out
er clothing, and left them till we re
turned. We progressed but a little
way before we discovered innume
rable quantities ol bats which had
taken refuge there from the severi
ties of the season ; they were sus
pended from all parts of the rocks by
their claws, with their heads down
and crowded so close that they re
sembled a continued black cloud
they appeared much disturbed at our
intrusion which they manifested by
a disagreeable hissing or twittering
noise, and so tenacious were they
ol the hold which instinct had cau
sed them to take, they would suffer
thcmselvs to be burnt to death soon
er than relinquish it. At the dis
tance of about hall a mile, there arc
two branches making out at right
angles on either side ; the one on the
south-west which is called the little
room we examined ; here the earth
is sufficiently impregnated with ni
tre to veld eight and ten pounds to
✓the bushel ; it has a fine spring where
it again divides into the upper and
lower rooms ; in the upper there iS t
fissure in the rock sufficiently larg
for a man to enter, where you haV<
the appearance of the different ol
der* of Gothic architecture, columns,
mouldings and pilasters in embossri.
and stucco work, elegantly wrough
of different colors ; here the whole
surface of the rocks are incrusted
with stalactites of half an inch in
thickness ; the rocks arc so strongly
impregnated with the Balts, that they
burst through thq incrustation and
exude in octahedral, hexahedral, and
rhomboidal prisms, and more fre
quently in curved rhombs. No
thing can exceed the biilbancc of the
scene ; figure to yourself a canopy
irradiated with ten thousand dia
monds,’and you will have a faint idea
of its lustre. The salts are in a vir
gin state, and effloresce when brought
in contact with atmospheric air;
they continue for half a mile and are
often ol indeterminate forms : at
times the w hole surface of the rocks
appear as if covered with new fallen
snow. We went on for several
miles, often passing branches of the
cave, making out at right, acute and
obtuse angles from w hat we supposed
to be the main body : when we ap
proached near the end, we came to
a fountain falling from the roof as
the first, forming a basin of about
thirty feet deep, this we descended
and crossed, in going a few paces
we came to another of the same size,
which we went round on the edge
of a precipice, and soon after came
to the end, which terminates abrupt
ly ; here at the extreme parts we
found bats, which caused us to de
termine that there were other out
lets, because, till wc reached the
end we had not seen any bats for
some miles.—Wt passed one very
extraordinary room, it is so formed
that a voice at the cnterance pro
nouncing a word, is reverberated
distinctly six times ;# for the want of
time and light, we did not enter, hut
had our information from those who
have wrought at the cave some years.
At the end or near it, of the first
branch, it makes a short turn, we
then persued this branch nearly in a
retrogade direction, till we supposed
we were under the bed of Green ri-
at or near the termination of
After about fivd hours travel, we
reached the mouth again much fa
tigued
for the expence of his return ; als
a reasonable house rent, the expem
>f couriers, of postage, ol necessftr
printing and fur the service of a Si
cretury and drogerman.
Tripoli*
George Davis, Consul.
His salary is L’OOO dollars, with at
outfit’ of the same, and a quarter’:
salary, for the expence of his return
and in all other respects his allow
ances are the same with those ofthi
consul general.
Tunis.
Charles D. Cox, Acting Consul,
Adinteriin.
The salary and allowances are tin.
same as at Tripoli.
Morocco.
James Simpson, Consul.
The salary and allowances are the
same as at Tunis and Tripoli.
this branch we found glauber salts
nitrate of lime in much greater a-
bundance than before ; at one place
particularly, I crept into a small ca
vity, where not only the rocks but
the earth appeared to be at least for
med ene half of regular formed
chrystals of glauber salts j I have no
doubt but that a great deal of the
earth is impregnated with borax.
The following are the Consuls and
Commercial Agents of the Unit
ed States.
In Great Britain and its Dominions.
William Lyman, Consul, Loudon.
Elias Vanderliorsf, Bristol.
Robert W. Fox, Falmouth.
James Maury, Liverpool.
Thomas English, Dublin.
Thomas Auld, Vice Consul, Poole.
James Holmes, Consul, Belfast.
John Church, Consul, Cork.
John Gavino; Gibraltar.
Joseph Pulis, Malta.
In Trance and its Dominions.
David B. Warden, Acting commer
cial Agent, Paris.
Isaac Cox Barnet, Commercial A-
gent, Havre de Grace.
William Lee, Bordeaux.
Thomas Aborn, Vice Commercial
Agent, Cayenne.
Peter Walsh, Com. Agent, Cette.
William Buchannan, Islesof France
and Bourbon.
Etienne Chatlan, Marseilles.
John Appleton, Calais.
William 1). Patterson, Nantz.
Aaron Vale, L’Orient.
Thomas Lovell, La Rochellit
Francis Coffyn, Dunkirk.
Henry Wilson, Ostend.
In Spain and its Dominions.
Joseph Yznardi, Consul, Cadiz
Robert Montgomery, Alicant
William Kirkpatrick, Malaga
Lewis O’Brien, St. Andreo
John Leonard, Barcelona.
John Martin Baker, Tarragona and
the Isles of Majorca, Minorca,
Yvica.
John Janies Armstrong, Island of
Tenerieffe.
Richard S. Hacklev, St. Lucar.
In Portug al and its Dominions.
William Jarvis, Lisbon.
James L. Catchcart, Madeira.
John B. Dabney, Azoras^or West
ern Islands.
Henry Hill, St. Salvador in Brazil.
In the Kingdom of Holland.
Sylvanus Bourne, Consul General
Amsterdam.
George Jav, Consul, Rotterdam.
In Denmark and its Dominions.
Hans Rodolph Saabye, Consul,
Copenhagen.
Thomas Gamble, Island of Santa
Cruz
The following picture of Swedish
manners exhibits the people in a
very interesting point of light, and
strengthens the opinion long en
tertained that Sweden enjyvs more
substantial freedom, civil and poli
tical, and that the people are less
preyed upon bv their government
than the people of any other
country in Europe. The de
thronement of the lute king of Swe
den, his having a large pension
settled on him by the State, and
being suffered to reside in the
country over which he lately ru
led, are facts pregnant with inte
resting reflections.—Demo. Press.
A. Picture of the Domestic Econo
my and Habits of the Swedes
By Nicholas Collins, Rector of the
Swedish church in Philadelphia
A great portion of the Swedish
people own lands and houses, be
cause the laws have for a long time
settled an equitable division of pro
perty among children, in a manner
similar to the present mode in this
country. From this cause the num
ber of persons, male and female who
depended entirely on employments
from others is in a far less proporti
on than in other European countries
This, and the comparative smallness
of the population cannot but cause a
sufficient demand, and an equitable
reward of labor.
Domestic industry is very general
in Sweden, and a source
Yom a few simple Articles many pa-
(table soups, hashes, puddings, See.
dilk, beer, fish and vegetables arc
repared in Several ways well deserv-
ag notice.
Though Sweden has a long winter,
he poor do not suffer told, because
here cloths are, warm, their houses
.iglit, and the chimneys and stoves
ire constructed in a manner that re
quires but little wood.
In Sweden common education is
very cheap, by means of public schools.
The religious and moral part of it,
which also requires reading, is en
joined on all and provided gratis, for
the poor. The benefits of divine-
worship, and of all,clerical service*,
cost very little to the poor> and to
such as cannot pay.
The poor obtain a gratuitous ad
ministration of justice, partly bv le
gal provisions and partly by the aid
of some friends, who plead for them,
as many who are not lawyers do this
for themselves and others.
The wages of labor appears small
in comparison with those in this
country, but are proportionate to ex
penses. The salaries of public offi
cers, the profits In trade and other
business, also appear less but are not.
On an average money reckoned in
silver or gold, will purchase the ne
cessaries and comforts of life so much
cheaper than here, that a similar
mode of living doth not require one
half. Persons depending ou public
charity make but a small number in
Sweden, and for such, competent
provision is made.
Principles of decent liberty aqi*
mate even the poorest among the
Swedes : No persons would bind
themselves for servants, or surrender
any civil rights ; neither 4o the laws
permit such contracts.
From Bell’s Weekly Messenger,
March 4.
CONDUCT OF LORD CHATHAM.
A most extraordinary proceeding
has occupied the attention of the
Pariiatnent and of the public during
the week. It is never pleasing to
us to use the language of severity to
wards public men) but on the other
hand it is a duty to- our readers to
express our selves with truth and
candor—to catch the important to
pics as they rise, attd to present them
of many in their natural colors, divested of
cheap comforts. The men can build their pretexts and disguises,
all kinds of plain wooden houses,] Th6 circumstances to which wc
make waggons, ploughs, 8c the various allude, when plainly stated, are as
funning utensil:; ; not a few can also .'follows :—Immediately after his re
do smith’s work. The women are turn from the expedition to Walchc-
expert at spinning and knitting; and ren, the Earl ot Chatham, without
many can weave both course and fine invitation or command, presented a
stuffs, with skill und speed. rhemori.ilcrnarrative,totheking...his
The poorer people in Swedenjown memorial or narative, in which,
have sufficient nourishment salutary aspt a] pears, he ri fl-xts with some se
al iu palatable. Beet and pork indecd'verity (implied, if not expressed) on
are not the main articles of it, but ajthe conduct of Sir Rrichard Strachan,
variety of good fish, milk, field pease, and the want of zeal in the co-ope-
turnips, cabbages, of divers kinds,(ration of the navy. This memorial
From the entrance tothe extreme! James M‘Grcgor, Island of St. Tho-
part of our travel, there appeared a mas
beaton track on the rocks ; they werejPeter Isaacson, Christainsand.
worn quite smooth, the remains of| In Prussia.
cane torches were plenty as far as Frederick W Lutz, Consul, Stettin,
w-c went: several mocasins curious- William Clark, Einbdeu.
ly wrought from the bark of the Lynn In Germany.
tree were found, also many poles of John M. Forbes, Consul, Hamburg,
considerable length which appeared Frederick I. Wichelhausen, Bremen
to have been cut with stone hatch-iWilliam Riggen, Trieste,
ets ; muscle shells were found six or Philip Marck, Franconia,
seven miles from the entrance with! In the Kingdom of Sweden.
many other vestiges of the cave hav- Robert G. Gardner, Consul, Gotten-
potatoes, beans and other vegetables,
all in good quality and in plenty, give
ample supplies
Rye is the principal grain in Swe
den, and gives excellent bread, which
is always found ou the best tables,
with that of wheat, and perferred to
it l)y most people, lor common use
l he crops are in good seasons gene
rally great ; but in unfavorable, fo
reign gram must be imported. As
the people in general eat much bread,
the dearness affects the poor, but
seldom to a degree of want, since
was presented immediately to his
Majesty by Lord Chatham, without
any communication with liis brother
ministers, it was presented moreo
ver without any communication with
Sir R. Strachan—Sir Richard wat
implicity accused, and Lord Chat
ham had told his own tale without
Sir Richard knowing the object of
his charge, or that he had been ac
cused at all. On tile other hand the
ministers had a party interposed be
tween them and the Crown, who had
an influence of which they knew lin
ing formerly been a place of great
resort by the aborigines of North
burr
In the Italian States.
the potatoes, which thrive remarku- thing,
bly, are generally cultivated. The mel-e statement of tliiscx-
A great quantity of rye is distilled traordinary circumstance is almost
for whiskey, which is commonly sufficient of itself to prove its unfair
good, and very generally used in ness find unconstitutionality, and wc
America. In many parts there isThomas Appleton, Consul, Leghorn
-.he appearance of great labor in re-(Alexander liamniet,
moving the stones, in others wherelThomas H. Storm,
chey had been piled up to get at the]John Broadbent,
alts. In many places we discoveriAbraham Gibbs,
Nap
Genoa.
Messina.
Palermo.
by the friction ol water constant!)
Id ripping from above; the heights ol be r sons in the room
|the*c columns are so great that wi’l when they stoke.
rats and reptiles. Generally speak- Richard O’Brien, Island ol Sardinia.
In Russia.
Levitt Harris, Consul, 5t. Peters
burg
In China.
Edward Carrington, Consul, Canton
In Turkey.
William Steuart, Consul, Smyrna
In Algiers.
Tobias Lear, .Consul General.
Me has been allowed a salary of4000
ng, the cave is very dry, and the air
salubrious ; w-e judge of the latter
from the facility with which com-
,'ustion went on, our tapers burnt
much more brilliant than when in the
common air, owing we supposed to
* The vulgar suppose this room to
he Haunted, from the reverberation of
the voice. They supposed there wer,
the room, mocking them
lollars per annum, an outfit of th<
Yamc rum. r-.rd a quarter’s salary
drams, with a biscuit or bread and,
butter, unhappily by not a few, to ex
cess, but by the most temperate, as a
wholesome cordial.—Barley occu
pies, a great portion of the arable
land ; and vtrv good beer of differ
ent kinds is made, net only in the
towns but in the conntry, By domestic
breweries. The poorest people have
always good small beer, and occnsi
onally strong. It is remarkable that
many women exceed in brewing,
particularly in the country. To dress
all kinds of provisions to the best ad
vantage, is generally deemed an im
portant branch of the female econo
my ; by this, families not wealthy,
can have a great variety of agreeable
dishes ; aui even the poor contrive
might safely perhaps leave it hert-
But as every thing which respects
the principles of the constitution U
matter of the first importance, v c
Conceive it our duty to enter into ..
more full developement.
Party is for a day—the constitur •
on is for ever; it is the Tabernacle
under which wc and our posterity
are to dwell, and to find a refuge :
and it is therefore our interest to pi
serve its pillars sound, and its roo.
audits wals weather proof.
The first principle of the constitu
tion is that ministers are responsible
fer every act of the crown, and th.i
his ministerial responsibility is tr
Parliamentary security against i t
misconduct of the CrcAwn—The in.