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VOL. I.
rrnr.isHF.n by ©baton grant/.and*
(vniNTT.R fo THE STATE,) ON JT.F-
I'EIUOJjf STREET, OPPOSITE TK J
NORTH END OF THE STATE-HOUSE.
TERMS.,....THREE DOLLARS PER AN
NUM, OWE HALF TO BE PAID IN AD
VANCE. , v .
ADVERTISEMENTS WlfL BE THANK
FULLY RECEIVED, AND PUBLISHED
AT THE CUSTOMARY PRICES.
POLITIC AIL,
still carried on through its interven-
ion. In 1801, one hundred vessels
were '•employed in that commerce.
*ncl goods to the aipouLof 1,004,6JO
dollars were exported from this de
pot. What more incontestably tlis
plays the wretched government, bv
which these people have been ground
down and the necessity of some im
portant innovation ? Every thing
was subjected to the gripe of a. most
odious monopoly—the merchants of
Spain were permitted by law, to he
the only usufructuaries of this lucra
tive commerce—and ** the merchan
dize from the metropolis arrived so
overcharged with duties and essen
ces, and the colonies of other na
tions could furnish* the same articles
at such inferior prices, that a profit lie mqnev 'within their respective
remained to the contraband trader jurisdictions—but without his con
From the Richmond Enquirer.
SOUTH AMERICA.
W'\ are led to pursue this subject
to a greater length than we intend
ed, from the general interest excited,
and because so few of our Editors
have struck ©nthe right track. For
the strte and resources of this coup-
try, they' appeal to Robertson and. c-
ven to Mr-.e—rtheV seem at a loss
where u) lorA Cor information—-but
the latest arid most' authentic authori
ty on this subject is Depons, in .“ A
voyage to the Eastern part of Terra, Valencia is in the interior, about
Firtna or the Spanish main in Southjhtilf a league to the west of the Lake
America, dunny-t He yeRr *.<1801,1802,
1803, and 1804 &c. £<c.” He styles
himself
t'cr:u,i. at at Cnrruccas-
which induced him to defy the fiscal
laws and all their agents.” This port,
the best in all Terrra Firma, is the
deposite of all the Eastern part of
the province of Venezuela—rthe
whole population is about 7500.
agent of the French go-
-and was
once mi' . r the auspices of Le Clere,
when vie. general was at St. I)o-
ur, 1801, at the head of the
unforuiuare Ex petition to that agi
tated Island. From Le Clere he
received fi 1000, the most earnest
exhortations to continue his labours,
and tile assurances that he would in
form the minister of the Interior ol
his designs, 1 he results of his re
searches have since been submitted
to the world in 3 Volumes, which
have been translated into English,
accompanied with an excellent map
of the c main-generalship of Carac-
cas—I) ports is however to be read,
cum g ratio salts, with some particle
of allowance—“ from the strong dis
position, say the Edingburgh Re
viewers, to flatter tl;e Spanish go
vernment with which-he evidently
cet out ”
Tin population of the City of Ca-
raccas has been underfated in our
public prints. This town is the Ca
pitol, not only of the province of Ve
MILLEPGEVtLLE, WEDNESDAY,' JUI.Y 25,
i.irtacai,... 1 ., in as
mfaa
mans; Guiana, Maracaibo,, and the
lisle of Margaretta have, each thfcu
own Governors, who fiave the satin
power in civil affairs as the Gover
nor of C»racc.is has in his own dis
trict. The term of Captain gencralftfiose silly .tricks which were exhfc
is for 7 year© ; and their’s 5 years, bited last year.at what #'* called a
The aluketnpx.Mzn almost eVerr town Meeting ; but which was ?
the union of thfrpiUiple j to shew tin
w<J are ready and witling to suppov
the government of our choice wit!
Our lives and fortunes ; not with,
thing submitted ta their jurisdiction
and ceiisure-j not only the adminis
tration of justice incases of appeal;
but even the cognizance of appeals
from the sentences of the ecclesiasti
cal tribunal.
The Intcndant, or comptroller, is
supreme in financial matters ; he is
in office for five years; under the
title of his delegates, the governors
of the piovinces administer the pub-
currence, they cannot authorise any
extraordinary expenditure. *
of Valencia its population, 8,000
souls,* most of them Creoles. “E
very tfthtg from' the
country, shipped at Porto Cavyllo,
goes through Valencia, as that which
is destined for Laguira passes
through Caraccas.”
Boro is near the coast, to the
West of Porto Cavello, about twen
ty four leagues W. of caraccas— .its
population 10,000.
Qumana, in the government of Cu-
mana is near a quarter of a league
The Cuhitdcs are a municipal cor
poration——they are compared to
the municipalities established by the
constituent assembly, tlio’ .without
a mayor. Their Alcades correspond
with the municipal officers ; the re-,
gidors form the deliberative body ; a
Creoles- “ E Ui/zi^cxorjcsponds I© the: attorney
inicrfur^of tfiVoF^tlfe commerce ; and a register.
The Alcades are two in number, cho
sen by the Regidors, every year ; the
regidors by the people, their office is
for life ; they vary in number accord
ing to the size of the municipality,
seldom more than 12, and never less
than six
We shall reserve for our next, the
ecclesiastical and millitary establish
ments, the education and manners
from the sea and is the seat of of the people : and the probability of
government for two provinces ; one atchieving their independence of all
properly called Cumana, and the o- European nations : which we most
ther Barcelona the population is ardently wish them to attain. These
24,000.
Ncw-Rarcclpna has 14,000 souls
■ .—■half whites, half persons of color.
It is the entrepot of an extensive
contraband trade, with Trinidad, &c.
The isle of Magaretta is eight leagues
distant from Terra Firma, separated
by an arm of the sea, and might, ac
cording to Depont, under a system
of free commerce, become the entre•
pot of Cumana, Barcelona, Carraccas,
Laguira and all the cities of the In
terior—the whole population is
are interesting subjects of apeculati
on
number without recommending to
our readers the 2nd Art in the Edin
burg Review for January, 1809, on
the Emancipation of Spanish Ame
rica ; the title “ Lettre aux Espag-
nols Americans ” There is much in
formation, cum grmio sails,
neZU'.la, where it lies, but also of 14,000—5,500 whites,
immense, extent of territory occupi- We shall pass over the cities of
eil by the governments of Maracaibo, Maracaibo, on the left bank of the
Varir.as, Guiana, Cummana and the Lake of the same name, six leagues
island of*Margaretta ; since it is the from the sea Merida, Truxillo,
seat as well $ the captain general
shi; , whose civil and military autho
rity ■ xteiicls over all the provinces,
as of the royal audience, the inten
dancy and of the consulate, whose
limits are the same as those of tl\c
captain gene’ll.
It is erected in a Valley, about
2000 iaccs square, and 450 feet from
the gate of Pastoral 1 on the north, to
t|ie river Cluira, which bounds the
cilv on the south. According to the
Parish certificates of 1802, it con
tains 31,234 souls ; but according to
the remarks made on these returns by
Depone, the re are from 41 to 44,000
persons. Nearly l-4ih of this po
pulation are whites, a third slaves, a
twentieth, the indians, and the
Freed persons the rest.
The town' of Laguira is on the
seacoast -more frequented than
eny other, but least deserving of
ruch a preference-—from the expo
sure of its harbour, the shallowness
l| of its channel, and other causes
This town has arisen upon the ruin
of Caravalli da which was depopula
ted in 1586, by the resolution of
the people to abandon their habita
tions rather than submit to the im
positions of their governor. La
Guira is the residence of very few
merchants—the cargoes are depo
sited here but the mercantile ar
rangements are made at Caraccas.
The Ordinary Gairicon of the place
is a company detached fron\ the re
giment of Caraccas—-The population
ot the town is GOOD persons ol whom
8003 are in the gunboats, 711 lorm
e garrison,
forward with some measures io (Ui^ur Spanish brethren antk the other
truth a most scandalous abuse of tb‘
public name And feelings.
The approaching festival would be
a favorable time tq propose* a ^volun
teer subscription for the use of the
general government, if the public
miptl is but prepared for it.
There is not a man \rt»o deserves
the name of ah American citizen*
who will not come forward, accord
ing to his circunistances, contribute
to the defence of his dearest rights.
Such a measure would be produc
tive of many advantages. It would
give confidence to our government,
and prove to the tyrannical govern
ments of Europe, that we possess
both virtue and ability to maintain
our independence.
It appears that Ferdinand the Se
venth, like all who trust to British
Friendships hie already had enough
of that kind of fraternity. When the
emissary front G. Britain lately wait
ed upon him, instead of accompaying
him to England, as the British ex
pected, he not onjy delivered him in
to the hands of the F rench, but ex
pressed his desire of being adopted
as the son of Napoleon.
■JgA-UJ”!- 1 gg! i
feutral and friendly powers. For
general information, therefore, it is
iiftlered that this ’proclamation he
(jbUishc d in handbills and posted up
it the list fill nlaces.
“10SF.PH DEL AS LI^MOSflAS,
* maw Tin Tovar Ponte.
_ CASIAN DE BES^RES Secretary
A true copu from the original,
BESARES.
Assembled Hall of Caraccas,
May 1st, 1810.
Address,
To the Inhahitans of Venezuela,
written and puhfighttd by Mr.
Francis Rivas Galindo, (a young
gentleman, of fifteen years of age)
son of’ Valentine Rivas, Esq.
member of the Supreme Govern
ing junta of Caracas. .
Citizens of Ventztfela
Tht: inhabitants of this metropo
lis have just given *a new lustre to
FOREIGN
PltlLADE LPHIA, July 2.
LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
Press Office 1 o'clock.
We have just received a complete
We cannot, however, dosTthis 5? of L ° ndon P 3 ^™ 10 lh 1 c 23d °‘
May. Our view of them lias been
♦he garrison, or are stationed in the
Guarda Costas or Gailies.
Porto Cavello, an excellent Sea-
.cstward, is indebted.
iers-
p r rt to
lor its
thes • -i:
origin to the smug**
■’irrily shunned the more in
t>ort.s, and. clandestinely di s
their cargoes this poif
A vast extent of contraband trade i 1
Varinas, and San Thomas, the capi
tal of the province of guiana—A
description of these cities, and o-
ther minutice, would swell beyond
the limits, which we have assigned
to this sketch.
Such is the population of the prin
cipal cities the numbers and the
productions of the Captain general
ship itself, were sketched in our
last.
The government of this extensive
country, was partly from the Spanish
Court, and pardy municipal. The
Viceroys and governors of the Pro
vinces, the royol audienza, and the
intendants or superintendants of the
finances are of the first description.
The municipal authorities, are the
Cabildos, which, flow more immedi
ately from the people. The former
must necessarily cease (so far at least
as respects their appointment) with
their connexion with the mother
country——the latter may go on as
usual.
The Council of Indies, in Spain,
has a considerable influence over the
officers stowing from the mother
country. It has cognizance, by
means of appeal,-of causes decided
by the- audiences. The presentation
to all important stations, civil and
ecclesiastical, the police of tribunals,
military establishment, finaces, com
merce, fkc. have their source in this
council.
The Captain general, is the king’s
viceroy, he is governor and presi
dent of the audienza and of all the
tribunals, except those which relate
to the royal treasures and to com
merce. He has complete control o-
ver the whole military establishment.
As captain general, he arranges the
political relations between thecoloni-
d governments of foreign powers
md his own district. As GoVcr-
.ior, his authority is circumscribed
.o the -vrovinni ol Venezuela. Cu
FROM THE AURORA.
UNION OR SHAME.
The period is now at hand when
the friends of freedom and national
liberty are about to commemorate the
anniversary of American indepen
dence. The greater part of those pa
triots who brought about the revolu
tion by their wisdom and valor, and
finally established a government on
pure republican principles, are no
more. They have bequeathed to
their children a valuable inheritance,
and it remains for the present gen
eration to preserve it inviolate, or be
come like other nations abject slaves
of a few ungovernable wills. It
the duty as well as the interest of all
descriptions of citizens, cordially to
unite in support of the national rights,
and to prove to the world that they
arc and will continue to be indepen
dent. That however desirous they
may lie of living in peace, they are
not afraid of war. Possessing all the
resources of nature and art, combin
ed with the energies of a free people
who have actually experienced and
know how to appreciate the inestima
ble blessings ofiiberty ; the United
very cursory, they however contain
some important debates in the house
of commons, on the subject of Sir
Francis liurdett and parliamentary
reform, and also the proceedings at a 1
meeting of the mayor, aldermen and
livery men of the city of Loiidor
called, on the rejection of the city
petition by the house of commons.
We shall lay them before our rea
ders.
Nothing later from Cadiz.
Wellesley was retreating in Portu
gal ; the French receiving reinforce
ments : a battle daily expected an<
the English making the necessary
preparations (May 7,) to leave -Lis
bon at a moment’s notice.
A petition from Major Cartwright,
was presented by Mr. Whitebrcad
to the House of Commons, May 14,
and rejected, 32 to 61, the language:
being deemed disrespectful.
Not a word of the death or indis
position of George III.
Translated for the Democratic Press.
(COMMERCIAL.)
PROCLAMATION
The supreme Junta of thes provinces
installed in the royal name of Fer
dinand vii.
Among the many important mat
ters which occupy their constant at
tention for the public wellare, and
sincerely inclined to eneburage and
States may bid defiance both to Greatjincrease Agriculture and Commerce -fie French wety repairing it, pud
the patriotisil), that ha^. constant
ly animated them. • A government al-
oady unlawful has been deposed and
thereupon a supreme authority es
tablished, whereby we have begun to
breathe the atmospRenc of Indeptn*
dcnce ; but union alone can secure a
durable happiness; shewing to the na
tions of the ,whole universe, that the
provinces of Venezuela, joined in one
body form a respectable and mighty
power and that its citizens, as a band
of brothers, actuated by one and the
same interest, cheerfully undergo a*
ny sacrifice for the welfare of their
country.—The adjacent province©
if left to' themselves, would present
indeed a body without a head, and
distracted by factions might defeat
the glorious revolution of Caraccas.
conceive those inhabitants to be
heartily convinced of this truth, and
those of the metropolis, far from
wishing the germ of division' to
sprout have shewn their laudable ea
gerness in making tp the supreme
governing JurI?* their nath of alle
giance, Fcttr not, therefore, friend
ly citizens.. EetHRofVoif jtrin us jf
i compact inviolable, that may dis
own both ambition and tyranny.—
Let us form a nation that may know
bow to maintain the honor of the
Spanish name, and command respect
Abroad.
All those that are of this opinion,
are ourTriertds, and nevyk will be
forsaken to the fury of their invaders,
faithful to the same determination,
all of us will act in concert. The
razors shall be punished ; the patri
ots called to public functions; and
ourn-epresentatives never will bub-
icribe to any treaty degrading to onr
honqr. Let us then support each
other with energy, and face any sa
crifice whatever for the commmon
cause, swearing to bury ourselves
under the ruins of our country, be
fore we submit to the least abridge
ment of our Liberty.
Caraccas, April the 20th, 1810.
.Boston, June 28, 1810.
FROM CADIZ.
By the Arrival at Marblehead of
the sch. Johanna, 45 days from Ca
diz, we learn, that the French had
taken a Fort near Cadiz (frhich had
been garrisoned by the English,) with
great slaughter; and wi h almost
entii ^.^destruction to the garrison—
—They have granted that the latter building a bridge, and it was expect-
" ed the citv would not hold out one
Britain and France.-
At no period since the revolution,jbe considered free fo.* neutral and
was oblivion of party distinctions friendly nations ; and for the present
more necessary than at this moment,;:irrangement of neutral commerce ;
and the fourth of July ought to prove|tfie tariff (Aruncel) of the 7th of
that we really are “ all federalists and|October, eighteen hundred and eight,
all republicans.” Being insulted and shall be observed with the reduction
plundered by all the belligerents,
however disproportionate in extent;
the issue appears not to promise dis-
crimmination, and it is absolutely ne
cessary to be prepared for the worst.
The wise policy of the government
which had been devised with so much
sagacity, and calculated to keep the
resources of the country at home,
has been in a great measure defeated
by party spirit, and mercantile cupi
dity. The revenue has Ireen materi
ally injured, without deriving the ad
vantage which three months more
would have assured for the sacrifice.
Aloney is necessary to give energy
to the govemofeut id the ^event of a
war. We ought, therefore, at this
critical period umnhiidusly to come
month. The Ertglish men' of war
ind other armed vessels had drop
ped down some distance below the
city. Two vessels arrived the 4th
of May with 9,000,000 dolls. The
French have privateers out of St. Lu-
car, and have captured 5 American
vessels, one a ship of 300 tons, load-
d with Tobacco. Algerine \essei©
are cruifing between St. Mary’s and
St. Vincents, and were reported to
have captured several Portogucs ves
sels.
JD Q M lifST-I. €
By the latest accounts from Spain,
the siege of Cadiz was pressed with
unuhating vigor. The English ships
had left uieir first stations, and the
French made constant approaches to
the city.* Tilt French appeared to
their
of duties and modifications of (gang
ing d measurements enjoyed at that
time ; untill the royal consulate shall
make the report of a regular list of
valuations on produce exported ac
cording to their kind quality and cir
cumstances as then established with
respect to the article of Indigo ; and
thereupon shall be declared the fixed
value of articles on exportation, which
is to rcgdlate the duties to be rcceiv
d on them ; this being the^expedi-
ent best calculated to facilitate the
operation of Commerce arid raising
the same from jjiat languishing stall
m which it is actually plunged. Ac-
• uated by these objects, they have
;iven proper orders to the Board of view their present position not so
Intendants, for opening the ports to much a post of military danger i s r