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BY CAMAK Sl RAGLAND, STATE PRINTERS.
MILLEDGEVILLE, TUESDAY, AUGUST 30, 1835.
| 4 ii-T Soiif/t Carolina—Look at the men who
fomposcd the company nt which the following
ioasts were drunk, and *ny whether praise
Jroming from such a source, is not indeed cn-
| viable.
I SENTIMENTS OF SUOTH CAROLINA.
I 1 The eecond Anniversary of the South Ca-
i Volina Association, was held on the 2£il» ult
Jvhen Keating Simmons was elected Presi*
\ 'lent, and Gen. Thomas Pinckney, Stephen'
I) Elliott,Henry Dens, J. M;tuigH>dt‘. and Col.
* Baud I'On, Vice-Presidents ; Lawrence E.
|' Dawson, Recording Secretary; Robert J.
Turnbull. Corresponding Secretary ; Frede
rick W. Sollee, Treasurer ; Isaac E. Holmes,'
noliciter ; Barnard E. Bee, William Skirt ing
^Smitli, Stewards ; Standing Committee—-John
| Middleton, Chairman, Richard \V. Vander-
iinrst, Sedgexvick L. Simons. .Inhn Gordon,
Ccnjimln F. Hunt, Campbell Dongh«, Kd-
vvnrd Carcw. A dinner was nfinrwords par-
taken of, alter which the following toasts were
drank:
1. The Dry—May eveiy Anniversary bring
witfi it, an increase of zeal, on the pari of
'members.
2. The State of South* Carolina—She knows
liar rights, And Ktiptvs too, liotv to -maintain
them. ™
" 3. His Excellency Governor Manning—A
'Carolinian devoted to his native State.
4 The policy of the South—The source of
our wealth and prosperilr We would not
change it, it we lud the power. Nolemus
leges Carolinicuses niutari.
6 The State Sovereignties—The ark, to
which we must ultimately look for our safety.
Lot it not be cngulglicd in the constructive pow
ers of Congress.
t». The Southern States—The gohlen links
in the Agricultural and Commercial chain of
the Union.
7. Southern Habits—Southern predilections
—and Soul hern sympathies—Ksto perpetua.
8. The St ile of Georgia, and its patriotic
Governor Tioup.
9. Our State Legislature—Self-preservation
is a right inherent in every Sovereign State,
il paramount to all laws, treaties and consti-
Jiitions"—Lot the enemies to our peace cavil
nt our laws— Be ours the duty totuppori'tlr
10. Union of nil the Slates—Intended
to protect the property of each, in spirit and
in truth.
11. The President and Congress of the IJ
Stales—The Union was entered into with -
view to commerce, and the coin won defence ;
and not by new tariJF.1, to eurich one section
of the country by impoverishing another.
12. The Commerce of the North and A
culture of the South—Their mono is the s tine
—1st us a’one.
13. Good men of all chsso?—Let U9 differ
only as to the best means of giving stability to
Stale rights and institutions.
14. The South Carolina and Charleston
Colleges—Let domestic education be more
cherished than c\er, as the sure basis of pro
per sentiments in the rising generation
15. The resident Mechanics and the Militia
of our eitv. Oar right Irrud and our right arm
16. The naturaliz'd Citizen—All are natii
who upholdnur local policy and laws Ti
worst foreigners amongst us are those who
oppose them
17. The Edisto Island Association, and all
other Societies throughout the State auxiliary
to this.
18. ThcvLjidiesof Carolina— They our or
nanients, irftheir gunid
SENTIMENTS OF SOUTH CAROLINA
ExEf utivk Department, \
December 1st, 1821. }
To the Honorable, the President and Mem
bers of the Senate
Fellow Citizens—1 have the honor
herewith to submit to your consideration
proposed amendment to the Constitution
of the United .States, from the State df Geor
gia, in the following words :—
4 ‘ That no part of the Constitution of the
United States ought to be construed, or shall
be construed, to authorise the importation
or ingress of any person of color into any
■ onooftlio United States, contrary to the
■ laws of such State “
mt la submitting this proposed amendment.
I feel a Confidence that 1 nm submitting
what already attaches to each State in its
sovereign mid independent capacity.
Tew days since,! had the honor of enclos
ing to you the remonstrance of the British
Minister, Mr. Canning, on a clause of a Le
■illative net passed in South Carolina, cn
Tiled 4 * an Act for the better regulation
Bnd government of free negroes and per
Btjfcinq of color, and for other purposes to
wfgethcr with the opinion of A*r. Wirt upon
^ thn same. A reference to tho rule laid dow
A fey England, under similar circumstance
will nt once prove that the deductions I drew
k in my commmunicaiion were well warranted
by her own practice.
In December 1778, tlte Roman Catholics
vasion of our domestic tranquility, and to
preserve our sovereignty, und independence
as a state, is earnestly recommended ; and
if an appeal to the first principles of the
right of government be disregarded, and
reason be successfully combated by sophis
try mid error; there would bo more glory
in forming a rampart with out bodies on the
confines of our territory, than to lie the vic
tims of a successful rebellion, or the slaves
of a grant consolidated government*
Respectfully, vour Fellow Citizen.
' JOHN L WILSON.
made a protestation of their principle; on
which tne Legislature of England formed
an oath to he takon by that body of men.
A doubt arose us to the meaning intended
B by the Legislature to be nifiaod to the word
interference. The Solicitor General (Lee’s)
•opinion was taken on the. right of the Legis
future tutJiiukc this enactment. His opin
ion is vJhllows:
11 A fttate or Constitution has the rights
self-Heffner, as well as an individual; and
is competent to each community to mal
btich regulations, and to stipulate such con
ditions as appear on their beat consideration
to produce the greatest £ood, and to av
tho most evil from society. ILr* For
man has a right to remain in, and be prole
ted by thn Laws of any community that
plotting its destruction. On thissimple mid
|dain ground 1 think every Legislatureoug
to proceed ; mid I trust that it will be thou;*
neither injurious to the civil rights, nor
fensivo to th? pcaceablo Catholics to comply
with it. Protending to no subtle casuistry,
1 cannot see bow a man who can take the
oath of 1778, cun rationally object to tli
proposed .oath."
The opinion of boncuor uuuurui
given in Dec. 1791, was confirmed by Mr.
Charles Butler, the learned commentator on
IMPORTANT FROM COLUMBIA.
Charleston, Dec. 7. ,
The following resolutions oil the Message
from tho Governor covering a correspon
dence of the United Stutcs Government mid
that of Great Britain, on the operation of a
Law of this Suite, respecting tho ingress of
persons of color, and also a message cover
ing Resolutions from the State of Ohio,
were submitted to the Senate on Saturday
Inst, by Dr. John Rumsay, of St. Paul’s
Parish, which were ordered to be printed,
and made the order of the day in Commit*
tee of the whole, on this day. “ The Reso
lutions mentioned above (says our corres
pondent) are of a paramount importance to
this State. 1 believe that this is the only co
py that will rea^h Charleston by this Mail,
except one which 1 have enclosed to Mr.
—." The highly important correspon
dence alluded to above will bo found in our
columns.
Resolved, That the State of South Caro
lina is desirous of complying witli any
measure necessary to promote harmony bo-
een this State and tho government of the
niteil Stales and lor ign nations, and will
hoerlully comply in all cns< s which do not
involve u surrender of the safety nnd iulier-
nt rights of the State.
Resolved, That the Legislature of this
State has carefully considered the doctirneuts
transmitted by the President of tho United
States, being a correspondence of the British
minister relative to a law pussed December
1822, regulating free negroes and persons of
olor, nnd can yet perceive no dopnrturc
from the duties and rights of this Slat
P the United States, in that law.
Resolved, That the Legislature ape* with
profound regret the alarming symptoms of
in unconstitutional interference with her
colored population whoso condition ns it
existed at the establishment ol the present
constitution of the United States, is express-
recognized (paragraph 3 of See. 2, of
1.1.) and distinctly guaranteed by tint
strutnem,
Resolved, Tlia| it is as mip h the duty of
c Stato-toguard against insubordination or
insurrection among our colored population,
or ‘.o control and regulate any natty*, which hie
iglit excito or produce it, as to guard
against any other evil, political or physical,
which might assail us. This duty is para-
iiount to all laws, all tr.'ntii s, fill cond
itions. It arrises from the SuiMO.no and
_ crinuneol law of nuturc, the law of self
>rcservation ; and will never by this State
>e renounced, com promised, controlled, or
participated \yith any power whatever.
Resolred, That this Legislature is nivase
of the dangerous and insidious conduct of
party .in Great Britain and the United
States, who are ever ready to indulge their
benevolent propensities at the expense of
their neighbors, and who seem to reflect
with complacency on the scenes of carnage,
nnd cruelty which must be the result of
their inconsiderate and mischievous machi
nations
Resolved, Thaithis Legislature sees with
surprise that the attention of the British
minister was not directed to tlic numerous
acts which have been passed bv tho l’arlia
ment of Great Britain within the last twen
ty years, for the expulsion of Aliens, and for
the repeal of the habcan Corpus act, foun
ded on the suspicion that foreigners were in
terfering with the domestic tranquility of the
country, and justified in Great Britain by
the very law of self-preservation, to which
wc now appeal
Resolved, That this Legislature having
Received a very strange and ill-advised com
uiunicnUon from the Legislature of tli
State of Ohio, approves of the reply of the
.Governor of Goorgia to a similar commu
nication, and will on tiiis subject bo ready
to ninko a common cause with tho State of
Georgia and the other Southern States sitru
Vrlv circumstanced in this respect
lie. sol red, therefore that the Legislature
df South Carolina protests ngiinst any
claims of right, of the United States’, to in*
*irfcre in any manner whatever with the
mestic regulations and presorvatory niea
ing—she has constructed a canal 353 miles
in length, through which is conducted the
commerce of millions.
Tiiis canal, so flir from endangering the
solvency of the stalo, furnishes the most con
clusive evidence that it will prove a source
of vast and interminable revenue. The
following extracts aro from the Albany
Daily Advertiser. On the 4rh of July 1818,
the great Erie canal was commenced and
different portions of it were completed from
year to year ; and it is exported the whole
canal will bo completed in September next
While it was in this unfinished state, the
following amount of tolls was received
yearly.
Tolls received in 1820,
“ “ 1821,
“ “ 1822,
“ “ 1823,
“ “ 1821,
It is computed that the Erie canal, sepa
rate from the Chaplain Canal cost, including
the satisfaction for all claims for damages,
eight millions of dollars, and that ten years
trill suffice to cancel the debt!!!
I cannot conclude this short article with
out expressing to you my thanks for I ho in
terest nnd 7.cnl you havo always manifested
for the improvements of the State, and 1
can hut believo your exertions will he con
tinued, and that you will still press upon
the uttention of your correspondents and
readers the great subject of Internal Im
provement SMEATON
$5,437 31
33,000 00
57.100 39
105.037 35
894,546 62
DIRECTIONS
For taking an observation on the Pole Star in
order to ascertain the apparent declination of
the Magnetic Needle.
W lieu the star is at its greatest Eastern or
Western elongation, suspend a small Ninootli
plumb line, about 20 feet long, from the end ol
a pole, or from nu upper window or point in
some building, or from n tree Let the weight
iflixed at thy lower end of the line, (which
should lui nhom a pound) swing in a vessel of
water near the ground, to prevent the line
Irom vibrating to the action of the winds. On
h table placed firm on the ground five or six
paces Southward of the line, meet iiRiglit-
vane, which may consist of two bars of w
about l wo feet in length, fastened together \
a bit of pasteboard between them at each end,
so as to leave a narrow perpendicular ape
tore, about the thickness of a half-dollar
piece. These two bars thus fastened, may br
planted in a block of wood ifyou the table, ti
render it moveable during the observation.
Let an assistant hold a lighted eaudlc so ai
to illuminate the iihiinh line in the range of the
observers eye ana th® poll star, ond in order
to prevent the dazzling effect of the candle
upon the Mglit, it would be well to interpose
something inoiely to intcicept the light upon
eye, yet so as to leave i!i« line at the point
lHP.n ui.ni perfectly illuminated and visi-
Stephen. Fentress, J S. Zachary,
Wm. 6\ Middleb) ooks, James Anthony,
Richard Harris, J. D. IVfathers.
'I has. C. McDowell, Jeremiah Doontas,
I homos Dork, ,’ldam Carson,
Jona. Parish, If’m. Paul.
I( is ordered, that the above presentments
he fonvardod by the clerk for publication.
Charles j McDonald,
Sol pro, tern.
A true copy from the minutes.
EDWIN BOWIN, Clk.
Then, In*, ing seatrd yourself at thn table, a
v minutes before tho star is at iis greatest
e'ongatjon, m »ve die sight vain until die star
•on through it is in tIks exact direction of the
no. Continue to follow the motion of tho
.\c, kei |M.ig tin* perpendicular aperture of the
gut \ me and the line, in the direction of the
ir, till it appears st<ili".iarij, at its greatest e-
loiwAlion. Let a light, dcaudle he placed in an
i*xn t range with the ,iglw vane and line, at the
list Vieo of 100 yards or more, which should
itaod p-i'pendicnlailv, lm m ule fast, extin
guished nnd left till morning. Th - sight vane,
thn title and the candle will bo the angle ol
elongation, which observe accurately wi.b a
compass ; and if the elongation he exact, add
it to the apparent doclin ition, nnd it it he
A est, subtract it from the apparent or ohscrv
cd declination, and tho sum or difiVicuco will
be the true variation of tho compjsi.
I have thought proper to give this plain
practical mode of finding the Magnetic declin
ation. for the benefit of such as have not per
sonally witnessed an obsr rvntion of this sort ;
more especially as tins information is not al
ways to ho found in the books, and even possi
bly, not of evei y one who profe-itu * to teach
the art
It must be admitted after all, says President
Day, tlmt the magnetic compass is but ail im
perfect instrument. It is not used in the acni-
r ile surveys in England. But the wild terri-
t iry of the Uuitod States, where an acre of its
soil is bought and sold for a dollar, does not
demand greater precisi-ui of measure than i>
obtainable by the compass, where all its varia
ble qualities are known und regarded.
4th of July at Decatur,
UK KALD COUNTY
At 11 o'clock u procession was formed by
Capt. Spcnco, together with bis Military
School, which conducted tho Orator to Mr.
S. Kiitley’s Long Room, where tho Throne
of Grace was addressed by the Rev. Zarha-
riah llollaicay ; the Declaration of Inde
pendence was read by Samuel T. Railetj,
Esq. anil an appropriate Oration delivered
by Darid Young, Esq. The pnrty then
partook of an excellent dinner prepared by
Mr Kirtlcv.at which S. T. Bailey acted as
President, nnd Dr. O. L. Morgan us Vice-
President. After the cloth was removed,
the following toasts were drank.
1. t'he Declaration of Independent*— An im
perishable monument wf the wisdom, virtue
and integrity of our ancestors.
2. General George Washington—Thn first
in the sen ice o; his country, i lie fi st in thu
hearts of his people ; may he l>e last that shall
ho forgotten.
3. 'The memory of the Heroes of the Rtrofu•
Hon—'file pan iots who scaled with their blood
the Independence «-f lio n country.
4. The Constitution of the United St:te.
flic strongest evidence of noliiic.il wisdom,
and a lasting monument of civil liberty ;deall
lo him who may attempt it* dr't.uctun.
5. The President of the United -States—Mn\
he administer equal justice to .iliu Northern
tnd Southern States
fi. Gr^r.v—Afier slumbering for ages mult
the galling y« lie of Tin kith despotism, It-***
length nvv tkened from her lethargy, Inn sting
the bonds of ignominious thraldom ; may the
spirit of freedom continue to nct;ve the arm
which uow *o boldly strikes fnHibc’rly.
7- Gen. L t Fayette—May Ids disinterested
devotedness to the cause of fieedom, ami bis
grateful reception in the Foiled States, stimii
I ile oiliers to adventure in the glniioit* cause
till the Holy .Mliauco^liall totter to its fall,
and dc*poli«m become extinct.
8 Gen Rolivar—A second WashingtJ
may the liberties which lie lias practiced
Ills countrymen he as lasting as liis. exorti
ve been glorious.
9. The Army and Nan of the V. $ittss—k
despots.
10 Uni II Crairford— The h*Mie*l polit
ic mu. tho wise statesman, the genuine icpuqii ‘
lean, and dignified private i ilizen.
11 Internal Improvement —\ willing hear
and a ready hand by the stales individually
but let nut state rights be violated by the gene
ral government.
12. George M. Troup The zealous patriot
the energetic anil watchful Governor, and tin
bold defender of state rights; may he long
retain tho roni,deuce of the citizens of Geor
gia, u which he is so justly entitled
13 The American Fair—Tli* great incen
live to virtupus actions among nten ; they w
never cease to he admired till they cease to I
virtuous.
VOLUNTEERS.
By the President—The memory of Ryron
As long ns there shah he found scholar
miro real poetry and traascendant geni
long as there shall live republicans to I
u tine of freedom and of Greece, so long sltull
the name of Ifvron be cliei i»lied.
By the Vice-President—Our conn
laws ; while the former is loved am
obeyed, tyranny will vainly endeav
root among us
By the Orator of the Day—Ourgc
founded on the great principles of rcprr-wi
t uion ; may it ever be so conducted a* lo h
nor the Revolution.
By Maj. James M. C. Montgomery—M
the tongue of blander cease, and the twou
ing cundiihiu-H for die Cliiel Magi-lracy u
bi.ito. aland upon their own i
By Joseph Morris Fr y —Tie
ry nml it
tin-Inter
r lo take
eminent
Clinton, June 1,1C25
E. H. BURIUTT.
iurcs in respect to that part of her property
which consists in tho colorud population
of the State, nnd which property they will
not permit to be meddled with, or tampered
with, or in any manner ordered, regulated,
or controlled by any other power, foreign or
domestic, than this Legislature.
[Courier,
conxMumcATxaKa.
Messrs. Camuk 4*Ragland.
1 havo long considered it of tho utmost
importance to the State of Georgia, that
unt..
England, in iexpect of their own Roman
Collmlic subjects, how much more strongly
Joes it apply to persons who may reasona
bly be suspccU J from our repeated knowl
edge of past facts, to ho tho see rot e.nissa-
rics of insurrection among our slave popu
lation? And with what right can a lliit-
isli Ministry insist upon our ioregnjng those
rights of self protection which they have
acknowledged as of permanent validity, b)
the opinion of their public law officer m the
■irccooding extract, and eacrcised so often
since, by tho frequent suspension ofAlien
Habeas Corpus act and their repealed laws
lor the exportation of ulieus.
There should be a spirit of concert and
of action among the slave holding States,
and a determined resistance to any violation
of their local institutions. The crisis seems
to have^rrivcd when we ore called upon to
protect ourselves. The President oi the
United Slates and hits law adviser, so Jar
from resisting the effort of a lorcign Mons
ter, appear to bo disposed by ail argument
drawn from the overwhelming powers ol
the General Government, to make us the
passive instruments of a policy, at war, not
only with our interest, hut destructive a so
of our national existence. I he evils of sla
very have been visited upon us, by the cu
pidity of those who aro now the champions
of universal emancipation. A firm deter
mination to resist ut the threshold every w
- \
she should avail herself of her iiilernul re
sources. Nature has given her the means
of becoming exceedingly wealthy and great;
but her citizens scein to slumber when
they should bo awake and vigilant.
Several spirited writers have attempted
to arouse her uttention to Intcrtiul Impiovo-
ment, but she remains una wakem-d by llicir
call to her host interests. Those peculiar
advantages she possesses in her numerous
inlots, sounds, bays, rivers,and water cour
ses, are unappreciated and unimproved.—
She lias harbors excelling in magnitude,
safety and convenience, any, Houtii of the
Capes of Virginia, which remuin as nature
made them unadorned and unimproved by
the enterprise and genius of her citizens.
Many oQ her principal rivers romain unna
vigated except by the scaly tribes. Her
fertile districts remain untnversc l by ca
nals or oven good roads, and in fact, her
riches, like the genius and enterprise of
her citizens, still slumber undisturbed with
the rubbish iu which they were created
Internal Improvement alone can dev cl-
one the strength, the riches and groatnessnf
Georgia. Let her hut awake to her true
interests, and discharge thoso servants
whose ruinous policy has squandered her
a 1 must countless treasures, who havo beg
gared their prosperity for u littlo inomonto-
ry applause, and who have sapped tho very
foundation of her natural greatness* Let
her but do this, and now coinmcnco a judi
cious system of cunaling, and enough yet re
mains to draw through her bosom tho whole
commerce of the valley of Mississippi, and
to place her among the most powerful and
enlightened States.
It is too lute for political swindlers to say
that the Construction of canals is impracti
cable ; that the profits arising from them
are uncertain and precarious, and that the
cost of their construction would cnutil
bankruptcy on the State. Experience not
only proves, but demonstrates tho falsity of
such insinuations. New York has tested
thp pr&vticabrthy and expediency of can*U*
Messrs. Camak 4* Ragland—In your papei
• »f the *8lli ol Jem*, I s.wv published the pre
sentments of the Grand Jury of Jones county
The most prominent m.mct of grievance was
the wxat of i law in this state regulating the
admission of persons to the practice of physic
i he remarks made on that suMeet aro so con
spicuously illustrative cfllic evils of ijuackcry,
also the necessity of a competent tribunal to
l» ot thn pretensions of those about to enter
upon the I’ractioc of Medicine, and so clearly
points out the method best calculated to invite
the attention of our Representatives to its
compli-hmc.nt, nnd believing that il is only
necessary lor the community to have th
minds directed to this subject to sec its impor-
t ime, request that you will republish hi your
next paper, the presentments so far as they
relate to that subject.
A Friend or Medical Science.
cr find til
memory of
- the plains
II Oa w-
Presentments of the Grand Jury of Jones couu'y
We the Ginnd Jury of JotTes county, I'm
April Term, 1825, continuing our semens
tli:ough the adjourned term ol Juno, fur tlu)
same year, do make the following present
UlCtllSl ,
i Conceiving it to fall within the province of
|ii Grand Jury lo take a general survey of pub-
Mic interests, and to complaju of particular
evils, wo avail ourselves ol the present occa
sion lo present as a grievance the want of n
law in this state, regulating the admission of
persons to the practice of physic. Noxt in
imparlance to the^gpKorvntion of our |ibm
is tin* protection ol our health and lives against
the insidious find fatal frauds of lal.se pr
lenders ol thn healing art. While other stale
by tiin early euactiueui of suita 1 le laws, ui
purging themselves of quackery and iinpu
deuce and multiplying skilful pructitionei* lit
thus suppressing traud, Georgia, abounding ii
lenile land-!, and exposed to a Southern sun
bears abroad the eburnricr of a sickly state
and hitherto indifi’erent towards ail iiuportnr
branch of public weal, invites to her bosom
tl.e i,i >st dangerous refugee from the rounder
policy ol tiie hi-ter Mates. \nd while she i<*
i aleitor to nnno in the number and variety, and
we may add, sound policy of her statutes, de
signed to prop ct the many and nnnui rights of
Imr citizens, not one elapse can lie found in
ail her ponderous volumes extending enroll-
raecment to genius and laborious study, or re
quiring the medical adventurer to present
proyfs of a just claim to confidence. It is pain
ful to pcceivo ta \t while revenge is promptly
and justly pu in died, fora single act of gratia-
Cation agam.,t dro pcnco and dignity of the
state, sen >c)ttss cupidity, wrapt in tho garb ol
the medical profession, we seriously feai, slays
iu thousand, wiili imptmiiy. Impressed with
ihe importance of these facts, we can not refrain
from recommending to our next l.cgUlatin.
thn enactment of a law establishing a board of
competent physicians, to examine and deter
mine the pretensions f each us attempt to en
ter upon the practice of physie in this st Mr ;
and in order to promote so desirable an object,
respectfully invite ihn Grand Jurors of olhci
counties to a concurrenceiultw above recom
mendation, t»» winch w’c; particularly invite tlu?
attention of the members from this conn y iu
said Legislature
JOHN R. MOORE, Foreman.
Is.uir Dauson, John Hams,
Mick !r berry Ferrell, Jacob heir is.
i If ti. C. Os bn Tho.nasA. IIfmjlt$n K
f Independence ; may its
Americans free usi friendly.
By Mr A Corry—Pulaski ; tho
tho gallant Folandei, who fell nea
of Savannah.
By Col. Win. Ezxard William
ford ; dignified retirement is mure lo be ud
lre«l dian disgraceJul elcvaiitai
By Maj. J■ R Brooks—Gen. Andrew Jack*
n ; intiiguo prnveulcd him from being Fro-
lent. lie holds as respectable a rank as
the Fresidcat, because lie was the choice ol
tho peopK
By Maj. John II*. Hooper—Union and slate
rigliis ; a piop«r res|Rci by the general gov-
nment tor the latter, will bo sure to secure
tlse former.
By Mr. Rinsom llopssn—Tho statu of G«qr-
i ; uny psililical hostilitiesceaso by the vu-
e of tier c'tizens.
By Mr. T. F. Montgomtm—Gen. Bolivar;
e Romulus of Peru, the Washi ngton of the
South ; ui iv the sun of hii gloiy coulinun to
inc with increased lustre.
By Mr. R (I. Mayo—Ueorgo M. Troup ;
may ho hold th« staff f ju-iice in hi* left hand,
and always he anle to oxecu’e it with hi* right
By Mr. John livid—Gen .l.ilui Clark ; may
lie ride ilio swiftest poney in running the poli
tic il race, distance hi3 tppunent Troup,
gain the chief executive oilice of this rtite
By Pvndley, I'A—George M. Troup,
our presunt Governor, and candidate at th
ensuing election ; may the i inznis of Georgi
consider their own i teie.-tand re-elect bin
By Win lowers, Esq — I lie Star-Spangled
flag of America ; in »y it wave over it-
hIiui o and her constitutional right in ti anquil
neutrality, when the emissions of the cm
are buried in midisiinguivhed ruin
Bv James Hicks, Esq—8u-t« -s to Ante
ca and ihe united govt-i ninent we now live i
dcr; niavhe who undeitakes to Kli-tke i
pillars of our Uiuou, retire fiom public view
with *dnme.
By Col. w. C. IPagn i- M»j. Gen. I)
Ncwnaii; may t»is political enemies vvic.dv
their vengeance no more o i a man who has
spilt hi-< olotnl hi the defence of Ins rountiy.
lit C.ipi. Thomas S Spr i e—Gen IndreW
, tho Hero of tho West; may Ins name
FOR THE JOURNAL.
To GEORGE M. TROUP, GoffArnor of
Georgia.
Sin—The responsibilities of the high of
fice which you till aro at all times great ;
hut the peculiar circumstances by which it
is at present attended ninko them a thous
and times greater than nt any former period.
It is aniou^ others,the peculiar duty of the
Chief Magistrate of u State, to examine in
to and well understand thn rights and pow
ers of tlmt State, nnd then, as a faithful cen-
nel, to guard them against encroachments
from every quaitcr. To neglect this im-
portlantduty, would he treachery tothccom-
munity over whose interests you havo been
culled to preside. In its discharge you havo
become tho object of more censure nnd
abuse than is otlcn bestowed upon public
fticcra. Tho charges made against vou
have been of the most aggrnvatedchaiuc-
ter, amounting to crimes but little short of
treason nnd a de*i:e|to disunite these states.
During the period oi time iri which the cir
cumstances that pave rise to these charges
has transpired, I have boon a silent but
close observer of your conduct, front which
alone the motives by which you have been
actuated are tb be discovered. Satisfied as
to what your motives are, nnd equally satis
fied that a crisis in tho alVairs of this state
Inis arrived, nt which it is the duty of every
Georgian, und ovoiy republican to express
iis opinion, Ido not hosilnto to gi'o you
mine, nnd say “ well done good und
luith'id servant.” To say lint 1 think cvci v
thing which you have done, Ins been well
done, would perhaps he unenndid,nnd, I am
nore than you should reasonably ex
pect. But that you havo erred in those gicnt
and important matters out of which the
charges against you have sprung, I deny.-—
Entertaining this opinion, I cannot obtain
my own pardon, worn I, as u citizen of
Georgia, to withhold from you the fcojd'
voice of my cheering unJ approbation 1
nn not egotist enough, to believe that th
applause of an obscure individual wonldt
render you such essential 'aid ns to rescue
you from tho odium which your cnemic
arc endeavoring to heap upon you. Bull
havo niirtakcn your cnararter, if you ilo
not derive pleasure from tho approbation
of even the humblest individual in society
Such as it is. 1 tender you mine. But late
ly my heart sickened at the poli.ical “pros
poet before us.’’ I saw, or thought I hjiw
ilio principles which I loved* prostrate nnd
expiring. Its etm d to bo criminal to le*
lend the u rights of the States or the pro
p!c.," against federal encroachment. AH
knowledge of the sovereignty ol the States
tiled to he buried in the graves ol those
who once so victoriously defended it- la
u I behold the last champion of tb* cause
and thus fir, most nobly have you borne
yourself. But, sir, he lint unprepared for a
disastrous issue to ull your txcilions. Like,
the last of the* Maccnbcos, you too may fall
a victim of the treachery and the power
tho Federal Antiochus. lie fell while chi*
d with the tliv*»r and supported by tho nl
litiuco of the Romans. You scour to be
left alone to strive against the bos'* of the
Federal Government Evcn the tnits oi the
iBiciontdominion” refu-et»lift their v
in your favor It should lh«rel*»io excite
no wonder if you are overthrown in th«
ci most. Yet he not disheartened. From
the field of your defeat uray be culled the
flowers to decorate the columns which p»s
terity may erect more firmly to sustain t
violated constitution. Do not fear, but that
there will appear some fearless spirits, who
animated by a portion of your zeal, will
rally atouudtlie standa/d of the principh
of which you are now almost & solitary dci
fender, nnd tiiuiapharuly snjitch from tli
smouldering riiinsofthctcmple in which wn
wont to he preserved, the great Palladium
of our rights, and at some more auspicious
period, ugain display it to bless nnd protect
our descendants.
In the measures which you have adopted
you havo been called a M mnd man ' II I
properly appreciate your principles, it is my
prayer t hat the Lord may continue your do
iiriutir!! But, sir, this is not the first occn
ior. upon which tho advocate of tho truth
has been called n mad man. Win n the pro.
Apostle of the Gentiles was arraigned by
the Jews before Test us and Agrippn, and
there boldly declared the truth as manifest
d by the incarnation of the Son ol God
it was said to him—-“Paul thou art beside
thyself.” Sir, his answer is nil tlmt a similar
barge against you requires. Say to such
I am not mad hut speak forth the words
of truth and soherneii."
But I beg your pardon fi»r the length
which I have extended my letter. Permit
me at once to express tho truo object
writing it. Tho following essay contains
tny crude opinions on tho present stuto of
the political ufiairs of Georgia, and of the
measures you have adopted in relation to
them. Permit mo to dedicate it to vou —
I am by no muuns sure that it will add any
thing to your fume lo grant my request, y
I hope you will find in it nothing at war
with opinions which you have with much
more force mid elegance expressed on the
same topics.
with the provisions of the treaty, for its ear
ly occupation and settlement after the time
limited for tho removal oAlie Indians, & con
ceiving it utterly impossible that any injury
could result to the Indians or to tho United
States from merely surveying tho lands,
preparatory to muking disposition of it
among the citizens of the State, especially
if such survey should he made with the
consent of the Indians, the Governor, by a
direct application to the Indians who made
the treat?, obtained their consent for mak
ing it. The Legislature was convened, and
that body concurring with the Governor's
views as to the propriety of the measure,
passed an act authorising him to have tho
aurvoy made. In the mean time many im
portant events had occurred in tho nation—
“ In tosh nnd hia friends had been inurdcr-
hy the party ip opposition to the treaty,
crtlie most solemn assurances that no
lolence was intended against them. The
pcciul Agent dispatched b» the U. Btntcu
• investigate the conduct of tliu Indian
gent, Col. Crowell, lutd urrived, and shown
by his conduct, that lie desired more to
thwart the views of the government of Geor
gia. than to examine the truthof the i barges
n jaiust Crowell. General Gaines also ar
rived and established his head-quarters up
on tho Indian frontiers ; and the observer
of his conduct must he blind indeed, if ho
has not seen his determination to oppose
o weight of his influence and his official
character, to the execution of the measures
adopted by tho Governor and Legislature of
* o State. Refusing to punish tho nmr-
rers of that man, whose devotion to the
interests of the United States lias been nv
nifosted on the field of battle, und in the
ouncils of his countrymen, to be as strong
us that of Gen Gninesdiimsolf; refusing to
au.-tu flic restoration of the property of
Inch the friends nnd descendants of this
Derated Chief liuvo born robbed und
•hindered, and using every exertion to do
le und haul these helpless creatures within
w grasp of hands yet recking with the
lood of thoir«fullicr und friends, under th
xpociaus garb of peace and reconciliation
undnmdoncd t'ouutred and revenge hy tlioir
refusal to throw themselves in danger’s
mouth at hit request, the Genoi.il throws off
|ull reserve—boldly avows himself the friend
ml protector of the enemies of McIntosh,
ml the opposera of the troutv-*>attacka the
rcaty itself, as tho work of intrigue and
treachery—denounces the Cotumissionora
who made it, insults tho constituted autho
rity of our Stule, and bucked hy a regular
“urcoof KXH) soldiers, threatens vengeance
poii those who ahull dure to do their du
tv hy executing the laws of Gcoigin. In
this course of threatened violence nnd open
contempt of tho laws, tho interests nnd the
rights uf Georgia, it now nppouts he is sup-
mricd by tho Executive Dcpaitmcnt of the
Pederu 1 Government Recently the order
f the Frosidont, through tho Secretary of
War, has been receivod, directing resistance
ofthe survey, and tho arrest of the surveyors
by the miliiuiy forge under the command of
this insulting olih er, who has shown him
self to lie a political partisan of no oi dinary
qualifications. Such is the present state of
ufiuirs. If there he a mail in this State
whose bosom does not swell with indigna
lion alibis utter humiliation of his country
he doserveu not the name of Georgian l
VOLUMfe XVI.—NO. 48
i i Jtm
SOCRATES.
r .In
liy Mr. E'li-ird Mutlatlj-
.ink nnd slimmer, uml |ml.miii
M-n p
:i imu :n
til,
Hy Mr. IfUlhm
mil patriotic. »uu
nay l»% heal from
Mr. J. V. c
lie wise j»ute»iiiau
Mun i-—Onr enlightened
xiiiiii, t c. John (’ink;
|IJ00 votes iirtlie elenimi.
erg*—Georg* M. Troup ;
, liio ft lend ot G(.or,;i i ami
oppi
Clifton, Esq—May the fr
m on as long as water nil
and
By Gn
of sulTrage
ijra^s grows.
By M.ijor James Harris—Gen. John Clark;
that true and gie.it rrpuMicun ; it lie haslmi ii
iirgU-vteil in >•"• i eg ii la r lousu to-day, may he
not he neglected at uui gcii- ial clci tiou foi
Uovernel', and nmy he beat Troup double as
tar as he tier has done.
By Mr Ulysses M ^ C. Montgomery—-The
, .resent Governor ol'Georgia : wise and iude-
leiidcnl in his udniinistreti »n ; may lie he con
tinued hi otiico hy the suflrages ot a free peo*
pit*. _
By William Carry, Esq.—Geo. M. Troup;
a disiinguisueU republican i'l the state l.cgir fa-
aie, in C iugress, and in the Executive ciiau
if Georgia.
By Mr- Charles Murphey—Cotmnodore Stc-
| ,li«-n Decatur, the nero ol the waters; ui.iy
us brilliant acuievcments teach our naval he
rpes never lo give up the slop. 4
• ly ihomuA Ulus, Esq—Gen. Fr®. ci
1 arion, the husuiehero aga:n*t the touts du-
mu* the rvvolotioaary struggle t ni >y his name
never bs lorioUen.
TO THE PEOPLE OF GEORGIA.
To every lover of tho State of Georgia
tho present crisis in its political coiiecrns,
must appear pregnunt with events ofthe
greatest interest to its growth) prosperity
and political rights. Two messages of tli
Governor to the General Assembly of this
8tate at its lute extra sessio®, with their ac
companying docuinants, and the act prodi
cated upon them, hove led to discussions
both in nnd out of the state, upon two ques
tions of momentous consequence, each in
volving an iuvofttigntion of the rights, not
only of the State, considered us a political
community, hut of the people of that Stuto
in tin ir individual and separate chavnctu
One relates lo the sovereignty of Goorj_
the soil within her limits : and tho other
to that portion of Iter population known
Shins It is proposed to investigate both
of these grout questions in tho order
which they are retorted to.
It is mentioned only ns being neoewary
to tin; better elucidation of iny opinion#,
that all know tli:4 by a late treaty, conclud
cd iu February hist, at the Indian Sprin
the United Stub s have extinguished the
Creek Indian title to all tho lands occupied
by that nation within tho limits of this Stale
By onjs article of the treaty, the “ United
ritates stipulate for the protection of the
Indians” tuus occupying the cedod territo
ry, “ against the eiicroacliinonta, hostilities
k*j’ud impositions ot ihovvliitvs utidall othe
"until tlie pqriod of their removal, which
“ shall i.ot extend beyond llto first duy
September, 1820 ”
\ Against the provisions of this utticlc, not
v^ithstunding the !“iigtli ofthe period allow
ed the Indiums lor thcii removal, not
word of complaint hu® been uttered by tie
constitut'd authorities of this State ; nor
bus the slightest manifestation of u deter
#mination to occupy the country before the
stipulated time appealed lioin any quarter
Under h Kpuvictio®, however, that tho in
terests of the State would bo advanced hy
making every arrangement, con* , * , .» , i
It is believed that Gov. Trnjip persevere
in his opinion ofthe propriety ot surveying
tltq territory, tho threats of Gen. Gaines
find denunciations of tho Federal Govern
ertli’mqV io the contrary notwithstanding
Is ho right in this opinion ? Do the people
of Georgia approbate his determination lo
xecute the law emitted hy tlic-ir re proven
ntivea? These are important questions,
and deserve to be examined with dchborn
tion nnd firmness. If* the Governor!# right
and his conduct approved, then should lie
persevere in the discharge of his duty. If
unt, then should he suspend his operations
for without tho aid, consent ami approba
tion of the people of file Slate, his exer
tions would he futile, uml only t. i.d to load
him with a greater weight of odium with
out promoting the interests of tho State.—
In snort, without the co-operation of the
people of the ^tale, he caw do nothing.
1 have more than once insinuated that in
this question the sovereign rights of the
State over tho soil within its limits are in-
olvad. But wliot is inoont hy such sove
reign rights ? Whence derived and what
are they now ?
In answering tlicsn important questions.
I shall necessarily he compelled to carry my
reader Imck to the colonization of Georgia
1 might appeal to what is known and ad
mitted flirt, and say that the example of n
the civilized nations of the world, ha® shew
that on tho discovery ofthe continent
America, (most of it possessed hy wander
ing tubes of barbarous and savage Indians
who were strangers to nil civilization) the
discoverers asserted nnd oxerciscd the right
of occup} ing such parts as each discovered
und therein establishing their supreme com
mand over it, asserting their claim as well
to domain, (“ by virtue of which the nation
alone mny use this country for the supply
of its necessities, may dispose of it as if
th.aks proqicr, and derive from it every ad
vantage it is cupahlo of yielding,” us u
empire, “ or tho right of sovereign coin
mand by which the nation directs and regu
lates at its pleasure every thing that passes
in the country.'’*) In this way Spain, Por
tugal, France, Holland, England, und every
other civilized country, obtained sovereign
ty over the portions of this country disco
vered hy each. Should it be said that these
laiins wore more of force than of mere
right, the Hale of thn question will not be
altered. Sovereignly acquired hy force,
when udmilted by all others, becomes right.
Il is undoubtedly true, that the wholo con
tinent has thus been claimed^ and tho na
tions of the earth have admitted each to the
oilier the rightfulness of these claims. Nor
has the unsettled habitation in hijcTi coun
tries of the wandering and savage natives,
ever been considered by tlio.se civilized na
tions by wliu£o example, concessions and
compact,the laws ofuations have been fixed,
os constituting any objection to Thu sove
reign power thus acquired by them several
ly in tlie new world. The people of Eu
rope, too closely pent up at home, und find
ing land of which the savages stood iu no
particular need, and of which they made
no actual and constant use, mere lawfully
entitled to take possession of it und settle it
with colonios t it is for Uio intoreft < f
mankind that it should hu so. The earth
was intended for their benefit, and was de
signed tor their subsistence and coinfort.—
To rescue Lite lauds from a state of wild
ness, and by (xiltivation to cause it Ao con
tribute more extensively to the subsistence
and comfort of the greatest number, is a
policy established hy civilized nations, as
equally philanthropic and juaL It is equal
ly in conformity with the example ot na
tions, and the opinions of the um.si cele
brated writers. To tho opinion®ofthe wri
ters on national law, I subjoin that of one
of our own politicians, who has tor a long
hue figured us a conspicuous individual iu
tfo; I mlcd States, and for whom too**
• \ .ltd, book 1, c. 18.
* VUM # Ih-O . t f O. UJ.
who ar« now warring ngainit tho right* of 1
Georgia |>rofc»» to entertain the greno^t
love, reverence ond reepei t. I ellmln to
Mr. Monroe, lute President of the United
States. In his first message to Congress, in
Doc. 1817, he thin expremea hinweff: “ If’
(the hunter stRte of the American abori-
ginen) “ yields to the more ilnntc nnd com
part form, end greater force of civllierd po-
Milanon ; and of right it might to yield ,
or tho earth wee given to mankind to nuu-
port the groster number of which il in ru.
pnble, and no tribe or people ImCe a right I.)
withhold-from the Wnnln of other* more
than ia noct-ssary for tlioir own support und
comfort.” 7
It was under principles of policy end
jlit thus explained, that Great Britain, of
those who preeeeded her in discovery, have
'lid claim to, .inserted nnd maintained lov
reignty over the whole Eastern coast of
Northern America It is a claim which
till the ircoplc of tiro Vnitod Slates most
udmit, ot else all nre lawless and unjust in*
truders. Dm to confhe myself to the ques
tion Immediately before me, it Was iiudef
these priueipltu tlmt Urcat Britain occupied
and colonised the province of Georgia,
whoso limits wern defined, anterior to ilia
revolutionary war, to extend from the At*
lantic cnttst, (stretching front Savannah to "
St. Mary's) lo tiro Minsiisiupj, and from tho
thirty first to the thirty Cfi|, dygroe of North
latitude.* As a tnoniieataltnn of the sover
eignty thus claimed and oxercised jn Goor
gia hy Grout Britain, tliu wholo province
within the boundaries mentioned, was form
ed into n iirorincinl gorernment. By tho
prorhnnutiou oi lrbd,t the right of dontttia
rid empire arc assorted over tlio lands oc-
upied by tiio Indians, sovereignty is ex*
irossly claimed and contains portions of it
'reserred” fir their use. The Indians
themselves nre declared to bo nndnr “thn
protection of Groat Britain, and the laid
reserved” for tlioir use, is said to ho re-
-rved under the “ surereignty. protection
nd dominion" of that government. Tho
ower to grant tlio lands thus occupied by
the Indians is assorted, while at tho Sumo
time the provinc ial government therein os.
tahiislicd, are forbid to oxorciso tiiis power-
within the limits thus reserved for the me of
tho Indians. It this view of tho sovereign-
anil dominion of tiroat Britain over the
cn province of Georgia, be correct, (and
whether it is or not, every man may satisfy
himself by history, hy examining the most
approved writers on national law, and tliu
proclamation referred to,) a question hero
presents itself of great moment in tho en
quiry wc are making. Had the King of
Great llrit nn stopped short in his procla
mation at die point of the assertion of do
minion nnd sovereignty over the soil of Geor
gia within -.ho dc tint'd limits ofthe prov
ince. Had Iro made no reservation of lands
fir “ the uae” of the Indians” had ho in
serted no proliihi i .i.s f,r surveying, and
gr iming io individuals, tho lands within
those limits, whether occupied by tiio Indian*
or not, and had the provincial government,
restrained hy no sucli prohibition, under tho
general powers conferred on them by ilio
sovereign power of Great Britain, proceed
ed to survey and gram, tho Inn Js (although
occupied by tho Indians) to individuals,
would not sucli surveys and grama have
boon legal, and would they not havo trans
ferred to the grantee a fill mid complete ti-
llo to the lands ? There can lie no doubt
butthoy would. It was the prohibition to
survey and grant at all, the lands reserved
for the Indians, that would cause the survey
and grants to ho void. Iloinovo the prohib
ition nnd there was nothing to obstruct tiio
surveying and granting. The occupation
of llm land by tho Indians was prrntitsirr.
Absolute right tn the soil, they had none.
The sovereignty ofthe government ofGrunt
Britain over it was complete; and in ilio ex-
orciso of such sovereignty, It could bo re-
•trained only hy its own discretion, and
views of policy. It was a discretionary
matter, and to he regulated by it. bsiivueial
or injurious effects in tho judgment of tho
supreme power, whether any lends should
be reserved for tho Indians, or if reserved
In wliat extent and under wlint circumstan
ces. It wits discretionary whether the lands
should ho stii v eyed or not, nnd lo lie deter
mined according to tho good or ovil likely
to follow from tlie measure Ifit was deem
ed best for the peace, good order, and sec i-
rity of tho people of the province, and the
supreme government, that the lands oceu.
piod by the Indians should not be surveyed,
then it was proper to prohibit it. On tho
contrary, if the same ends could have bee.
better nnswored by surveying and granting
the whole territory, tbonttwoul i have been
proper to survey and grant it. Whether Wn
the one or tho other should be done, win -
not a question of right or poucr to sur- •
vey and grant, hut a mere question of polity. .
But this question will be more clcasty de
termined by another view of it. If Great
Britain hail no sovtreignty over tho soil a2
cupird by the Indians, if it had no right .?
domain or empire over the country, and
consequently could aeithcr snrimy or grant
the lands in separate) tracts or pOLels, vvby
insert prohibitions against Ha survey in tho
instruments by w liicl the provincial govern
ments were cstablielwd } Surely for rto other
reason, than that without such prohibition,
the power could have been legitimately ex
ercised.
One other argument however/ places tbs
question beyond doubt. If the government
of Grcut Britain did not possess full and
complete sovereignty over tlie territory nnd
soil of the province of Georgia, who did ?
It the Indians did, then why treat with oth
er nations concerning it*boundaries ? Why
was it lint object of treaty and cession be
tween the powers of Europe, compacts to
which tho Indians were in no wise party nr
privy ? Did any portion *f sovereignty Us
tu domain or empire, rest ia the Indians, all
such treaties, cessions and compaigs wore
void, futile, nay worse tlum foolish. Besides
dnl the sovereignty rest in theTfnliaiis, not
withstanding all such ireaiies, they would
have bean at liberty to cede all or any pnrt
of tiio territory tn any person nr nation to
whom they pleased Bat what man or nit-
lion ever admitted such a power in them >
And bud they attempted tn exert it, tho
attempt would have beau icswteJ and pun
ished. r
From tiiis view of tho question, the eon-
elusion is irresistible that the sovereignty,
both as respects domain und empire of Great
Britain over tho s<ul and territory of the
province uf Georeia was complete, and so
remained uutil tho Kevolutionaiy war
Goes it require argument to prove that by
that revolution,sovereignty us owned, claim
ed and excicisnd by Great Britain, passed
to llm people ; tu)e, tho |chile people too)
of Georgia, iu the full extent in which it
was liuld by the former sovereign ? If one
is required, it IS furnished iu the declaration
of iiidepundeiico, and Ilio treaty wills that
government concluded on thedUtlt Novem
ber, 178-.!. By the tirst ofihc-xo instruments,
Georgia in confcdoruliun with twelve oth
er slates, (formerly provinces,) declared it
self to be a “ IVt* Amdi pendent slste,' sb-
* rive Cumuli.-.-, ui to Oov Wright— Craw-
f -i .l s Idgest. p 07 i.
t 1 Ciurv. log *u7.