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SAVANNAH DAILY HERALD. VOL. 1-NO. 57. The Savannah Daily Herald (MORNING AND EVENING; IB PUBLISHED UY H. W. MASON & CO.. At HI Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia, terms: Per Copy Five Cents. Per Hundred $b 50. Per Year $lO 00. advertising: Two Dollars per Square of Ten Lines for first in sertion ; One Dollar for each subsequent one. Ad vertisements inserted in the morning, will, if desired, appear in the evening without extra charge. JOII PRINTING every style, neatly and promptly done. FREEIDIEX S JI’BILSE AT CHARLES* . TON. The grand celebration by the Frecdmen and Freedvvomen of Charleston, in honor of their recent liberation from bondage, took place yesterday afternoon. The arrange ments for a procession were made and suc cessfully carried out by the colored leaders and ministers of Zion and Bethel Churches, both of which have very large colored con gregations. Major General Saxton, Colonel Woodford, Colonel A. G. Bennett, 21st IT. S. C, TANARUS, llev. Mr. French, Mr. James Bedpath, Superintendanl ot Schools, and a%rge num ber of other officers and gentlemen, gave their hearty co-operation to the proposed celebration and were expected to deliver ad dresses on the occasion. About twelve o’clock the crowd began to assemble around the Citadel Square, and by two P. M., it is estimated upwards ot four thousand were present. TnedJlst U. S. C. 'l'., preceded by the band, was drawn up in line by Colonel Bennett, and the various trades, associations and colored school chil dren arranged in order of procession by the Colored Marshals, who deserve much credit for their excellent management. THE PROCESSION. The procession started' under the lead of two colored marshals, on horseback, wearing red. white and blue rosettes aud blue sashes. The butchers about fifty in number, fol lowed with their knives and a banner repre senting a fat porker. After these came the 21st Regiment U. S. C. TANARUS., Col. Bennett, preceded by their splen did band, which discoursed very excellent music. The regiment was out in full force and made its usual flue appearance. Next came a company of school boys, with the device : “We know no masters but ourselves.” The Car of Liberty followed, beariug thir teen young girls dressed in white, with white head wreaths. The car was decorated with United States flags. After the car came the Preachers, Elders and Sunday School Teachers of the several colored congrega tions of Charleston, each bearing a Bible and Hymn Book. After them was the Zion Billie Society of Zion Church. The colored school children, with their white officers and teachers, were the next in procession. There were about eighteen hun dred of these, happy little boys aud girls, nearly all neatly attired, a large number with handsome bequets, and all singing and cheering and giving vent to the joyousness of their hearts. They carried with them seveial devices, a few of which only we were able to obtain. The following were among the number: “We know no castor color.’’ “The Heroes of the War: Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, Thomas, Dahlgren, Terry, Porter, the Private ” The tailors next appeared in strong force, with the shears as the emblem of their trade. They were followed by the coopers with the adze, and “Zion Travel” Society. THE FIREMEN. The colored firemen, Nos. 2,3, 6,7, 8, !) 10, followed; preceded by their baud. They wero out in strong force" and made one of the best features in the procession. They were greeted with hearty cheers as they passed along. Anew organization was in the procession, having on their banner “Antelope Fire Company. Organized 1865. Rectus in Curia" Carpenters, wheelwrights, blacksmiths, painters, barbers, masons, coach, carriage, wagon and dray' drivers and farmers follow ed, all beariug some implement of their call ing. After these came the auctioneer, mounted on a spring cart, accompanied by his driver with the auction bell and a number of “ne groes for sale. ’ Two colored women with their children were seated on the cart while the rest ot “the gang to be sold” followed, their hands tied with ropes. As the proces sion moved along, the auctioneer was calling out vigorously—“ How much am I offered for this good cook.” “She is an excellent cook, can make three kinds of mock turtle soup, from beef, fowls, or fish.” “Two hun dred, three hundred and fifty, four hundred,” and so ou until he had reached from twelve to fifteen hundred in “Confederate money-” For good prime field bauds or mechanics 'no lower bid would be entertained than from ten to twelve thousand dollars. The represen tative auctioouer acted his part well, aud caused much merriment Behind the auctioneer carno a hearse, with the body of slavery, followed by the mourn ed all dressed in black. On the hearse were the following inscriptions: “Slavery is Dead.” “Who Owns Him.” “No One.” “SumtarjDug his Grave on the 12th of April, 1861.” This attracted a great deal of atten tion. Th countenance of the mourners on this occasion exhibited much more joy than Badness. Next came a number of other societies and trades, the latter closing with the wood saw yers, and the procession with about fifty colored sailors with their officers from the fleet. One conspicuous feature in the procession was the paper carriers, headed by George Smith, a colored pressman, and each beuiiug a 10 “Charleston Courier. ” Tue “Moral Friendship Club'’ also made a good appearance. On their banner was the inscription, “Moral Friendship Club,” “Vir tue, Purity, Love and Fraternity. Estab lished 1851). ” Ihe length of the procession is estimated g«>od judgi-s about two miles aud. a half. Ine route taken was through Calhoun to King-street, clown King to tie Battery, SAVANNAH, GA., MONDAY, MARCH 27, 1866. around the Pattery to East Bay, up East Bay to Broad and Meeting streets, aud from thence back to Citadel Square. Major General Saxton, who was in a car riage at the corner of King aud Queen streets, was greeted with continuous cheers all along the line as the procession passed by. Rev. Mr. French, who was seated in a carriage at the foot of King street, was also lustily cheered. Col. Woodford’s carriage was also halted in Meeting street, opposite the Mills House, by the procession on its return, and cheer af ter cheer went up from the crowd for the oc cupant and for Gen. Hatch. Another marked feature of the procession was the orderly conduct of the school chil dren. This is due in a great measure to the laborious efforts of Mr* Redpalh, the able and efficient Superintendant, who also de serves great credit for the skillful manner in which he marshaled so large a body, Wher ever he made his appearance along the lines, he was received with vociferous cheers of both children and teachers Stands for speakers have been arranged on Citadel Square, but owing to the rain this part of the programme was dispensed with, the assemblage being dismissed with a few words of expostulation and a prayer by the Rev. Mr. French. The whole affair was very successful, and reflects much credit ou all concerned.— Charleston Courier. The Extrinsic Policy. —The London Times of Feb - 27, says : “By this time the public will have been enabled to digest the intelligence communi cated by Mr. Seward, of a proposition for terminating the American war by a combined attack of the belligerents on some foreign Power. In the speculation itself there was little novelty. We now learn on official au thority, that this characteristic idea has been not only entertained, but deliberately dis cussed and considered by the representatives of the belligerent Governments in confer ence assembled. With the Confederate en voys it was the solution which they seemed chiefly to favor.” They suggested that the question of union or separation should be left in suspense, that in the meantime there should boa “mutual direction of the efforts of the Government, as well as those of the insurgents, to some extrinsic policy or a scheme for a season,” and that negotiations on the great point at issue should be resumed after this diversion had produced its pallia tive effects. It is stated that Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Seward did, in the course of the in teiview, recognize the prospect of foreign complications, and the probability that Eng land rather than France would be the coun try involved. We must admit, too, that the “scheme” if it was thus recommended by the South had been conceived with consider able ingenuity in the interests of the seced ers. By the time the “extrinsic policy” had been carried into execution and brought to au end, the Federals would have become ac customed to live without the • Confederates, and to see in the Southern Republic only a kindred State and natural ally. We hope the public will not lose sight of the fact that the adoption of an “extrinsic policy,” at the expense of innocent neutrals, has actually been entertained and debated by the chief authorities of the two American Govern ments. If the ‘‘scheme” was hatched by President Davis and his dblleagues, it was at any rate taken into dispassionate considera tion by President Lincoln and his Secretary of State, while Mr. Seward himself is ad the pains to inform us that it was not objected to lor an instant on its own merits or from any consideration which a turn in the events of the civil war might not immediately remove. This lesson we shall do well to remember. Mr. Seward has most considerately fore warned us; it will be our own • fault if we are not found to be forearmed.” The Lords on American Affairs. —The late discussion in the House of Lords shows one thing very plainly, and that is that the bold stand taken by the United States in relation to our affairs in Canada has taken effect. There is no language which can express the hatred felt by Lords Derby and Lyvoden towards the United States, and nothing would please them more than to declare war at ouce, and let loose the whole British army anti navy on our coasts. They do not un derstand that our intentions are entirely paci fic ; that we mean to do nothing but to in sist upon our rights and only accept war with England as a last dire necessity. They ac cuse us of boundless ambition, and of bound less dishonesty, and assume that our bold tone grows merely out of the recklessness which whr begets. But Earl Russell sees clearer. He understands the United States; he sees we mean no dishonesty to England, and would gladly avoid a war, but that we feel so strong that we will not be insulted in our time of struggle and weakness. In him, and in his attitude yon can see the whole some fear which England has now of us; a fear which I venture to say, "is the most po tent prevention of war tliat could possibly exist. Never had we less to fear from England than at this moment. The bluster of our small politicians only irritates her and does no good ; the rancorous und bloody talk of too many newspapers only awakens alienat ed feeling ; but the decisive actions of such men as Charles Sumner at Washington, startles England and makes her feel that we are far better as an ally than as an enemy. England, now most unpopular with every country in Europe, knows that she cannot afford to cast away her great trans-atlantic sister. A gentleman of Hartford, who was some years ago engaged in quarrying the upper Delaware river, remembered that while drill ing a rock a disagreeable fluid flowed from the hole, and they had to plug it up. He is now of the opinion that he then “struck ile,” and he is going out with a party to “pull out the plug,” Rebels Hard up for Tea.— The Talla hassee Floridian contains the following ad vertisement : From a wagon, between Chattahoochee and Quincy, on or about 30th iast month, a package containing two pounds green tea, for which a reward of fifty dollars will be paid and no questions asked. j THE AVIL.ii OP STEPHEN OIK A HD. A few days since, we printed an account, ! Jrorn James Parton’s magnificent history of the early life of Stephen Girard, of the youthful years of that gentleman, and of 'some of his interesting personal character istics. From the same article we extract the following most curious story of the opening of the old man's will, and of the shameless conduct on that occasion, of those who claimed to Ire his relations. These persons were so greedy to grasp the coveted money of the dead man that they could uot so far conceal their feelings under the guise of common decency, as to tvait till after the funeral. It will hardly be believed that these unfeeling people absolutely insisted on the reading of the will, before they could permit the mortal remains of the poor old merchant to be placed in the grave. But the word of Mr. James Parton, who has won a deserved reputation as the most accurate, as well as the most brilliant of mod [ orn biographers, is not to be disputed. No man is more careful of facts, and more anx ious to asertain the perfect trus 1 worthiness of every statement before he puts it into print. a dkamatic scene. Death having dissolved the powerful spell of a presence which lew men had beeu able to resist, it was to be seen how far his will was obeyed, now that he was no longer able personally to enforce it. The old man lay dead in his house in Water street. While the public out of doors were curious enough to learn what he had done with his money, there was a small number within the house, the kindred of the deceased, in whom this curiosity raged like a mania. They in vaded the cellars of the "house, and, bringing up bottles of the old man’s choice wine, kept up a continual carouse- Sur rounding Mr. Duane, who had been present at Mr. Girard’s death and remained to direct his funeral, they demanded to know if there was a will. To silence their indecent clam or, he told them there was, aud that he was one ot the executors. Ou hearing this their desire to leam its contents rose in fury. In vain the executors reminded “them that de cency required that the will should not be opened till after the funeral. They oven threatened legal proceedings if the wiU were not immediately produced ; and at length, to prevent public scandal, the executors oonsented to have it read. These affection ate relatives being assembled in a parlor of the house in which the body of the benefac tor lay, the will was taken from the iron safe by one of the executors When he had opened it, and was about to begin to read, he chanced to look over the top of the documenLat the company seated before him. Nor artist that ever held a brush could depict the passion of curiosity, the frenzy ot expectation, expressed in that group of pallid faces. Every individual among them expected to leave the apartment the conscious possessor of millions, for no oue had dreamed of the probability of his leaving the bulk ol his estate to the public. If they bad ever heard of his saying that no one should be gentleman upon his money, they had forgotten or disbelieved it. Tne opening paragraphs of the will all tended to confirm their hopes, since the bequests to existing institutions were ot small amount. But the reader soon reached the part of the will which assigned to ladies and gentlemen present such trifling sums as five thousand dollars, ten thousand, twenty thousand; and he arrived ere long at the section which dis posed of millions for the benefit of great cities and poor children. Some of them made not the least attempt to conceal their disappointment and disgust. Men were there who had married with a view to share the wealth of Girard, aud had been waiting years for his death. Women were there who had looked to that event as the begin ning of their enjoyment of life. The imagina tion of the reader must supply the details of a scene which we might think dishonored human nature, if we could believe that human nature was meant to be subject to such a strain. It had been better, perhaps, if the rich man, in his own lifetime, had made nis kindred partakers of his superabundance, es pecially as he had nothing he could share with them. They attempted,ou grounds that seem utterly frivolous, to break the will, and employed the most eminent counsel to conduct their cause, but without effect. They did, however, succeed in getting the property acquired after the execution of the wifi: which Girard, disregarding the opinion of Mr Duane, attempted, by a postscript, to include in the will. “It will not stand,” said the lawyer. “Yes it will,” said Girard. Mr. Duane, knowing h i9 man was silent; and the courts have since decided, his opinion was correct. THE GIRARD COLLEOE. Thirty-three years have passed since the city of Philadelphia entered upon the pos session of the enormous aud growing estate with which Mr. Girard intrusted it. It is a question of general interest how the trust has been administered. No citizen of Phila delphia needs to be informed that, in some particulars, the government has s town little more regard to the manifest will ot Girard than his nephews and nieces did. If ho were to revisit the banks of the Schuylkill, would-be recognize, in the splendid Grecian temple that stands in the centre of the Col lege grounds, the home for poor orphans, devoid of needless ornament, which he di rected should be built there ? It is singular that the very ornaments which Girard par ticularly disliked are those which have been employed in the erection of this temple; namely, pillars. He bad such an aversion to pillars that he had at one time meditated taking down thoscTwhich supported the por tico of his hank. Behold his College sur rounded w'itlithirty-four,Coriutl|ian colujnns, six feet in diameter and fifty-nine th height, of marble, with capitals -efaboifetely carved, each piilar having colt SI3,OCKIiP and the whole colonnadteSiLtO.()()*! And this is the abode of poor lime boys who will leave the gorgeous scene to laborJg shops, and to live in such apartments as are usually assigned to apprentices! Jaukf Parto.v. | The Eruption of Mount Etna.— The Scots man publishes a vetyinteresting letter, dated from Catania on the 7th inst., describing the eruption of Mount, Etna. It is almost dark before we reach the steep zig-zags leading up from the main road to Taormina, where we intend to sleep. On reaching a sudden turn, we see in the clouds a long undulating line of red light—the edge of a thundercloud touched with go®jhy the rays ot the setting sun. But, no, tWR cannot be ; the mass of clouds is irapenenßble, and the sun has long gone down. It *ir the lava stream. Etna outlined with a pencil of living fire. And now the low rumbling of the still distant volcano breaks on the ear, mixed up with the peals of thunder, which continue to reverberate among the mountains. As the night deepens, the clouds begin to clear away, the stream ot lava becomes brighter, and the light emit ted frorrf the crater, which was at first bat faintlyreftected from the clouds above, be comes i 'more and more brilliant, until the whole sky over the mountain glows with a lurid light. Here and there at different points bright jets of flame appear for a few minutes and then vanish. .These, we sup pose, arise fr<jm the burning of trees set ou lire byjfce lava or the falling scoriae. Theffi appear to be-six craters quite dis tinct, hut aitfaated near each other. From all these, in irregular succession, sometimes from Several at a time, there are incessant diseharges-**hugu masses of red hot stones an 1 seoriw thrown to an immense height, with volumes ot steam and smoke whicu reff ct the fires from the red-hot cauldron below. The glowing smoke flickers in the breeze as if it wera flame aud through it and far-*bove it, yvith the naked eye, we can see the red-hot stones mount and then fall slow back in the abyss. Comparing the height to which they seemed to rise with the appear ance which such a building as St. Paul’s when so far removed might present, it could not be less thail 1,000 feet. From the windows of the hotel we watch the volcano till long past midnight, and retire to bed, having re- Bolved to ascend to-morrow to the lava stream. At the untimely hour of four we are again roused, that before starting on our journey we may visit the Greek Theatre, and from iis ruined arches see the summit of Et na, “tipped with gold” by the first rays of the morning sun as he rises from behind the Calabrian mountains. Leaving Taormina at nine, we drove to Mascall. The weather is a completo contrast to that of yesterday— bright, clear and calm. As ,we pass along the almond trees in full blossom, through orange aud lemon groves glowing with their goldi n fruit, the ground carpeted with young flax of the brightest greeu, and see the labor ers following their peaceful occupations in the fields, it is diffiult to realize the idea that within a few miles a volcano is breakiug up the crust of the earth and spreading a deluge of liquid fire over its surface. As we ascend, we meet a peasant march ing off with his household goods, and make a small subscription for his relief. He tells us the lava will carry off his cottage to-mor row. Strings of mules are descending, load ed with the produce of the vim-yards, which are being carried to a place of safety A walk of three hours over a used but not'a difficult rogd brings us to the lava. As we approach the rumbling sound from the eruption be comes louder aud louder; but as the sun gains power aud brilliancy, the volcano be comes invisible to the eye. A faint line of smoke along the current of lava, and a dark cloud hanging over the crater, are the only visibie signs which he gives of his existence signs which, if met with on a Scotch moun tain, might be passed by as arising lrom moor burning. The stream of lava which we visited is said to have flowed from six to eight miles, between the crater and the point which it has now reached. It has met with an obstruction in Monti Arsi, an elevation rising on a comparatively flat part of the mountain, which has rivided the cu.rent into two portions. One of these ii flowing in a northerly direction towards Piedmonte, the other to an old lava bed eastward toward Mascali. The lava, under the influence of the bright sunshine, appears to consist of blackened scoria* or cinders. It is only through the chinks or where the surface is displaced by a rolling block, that the fire is visible. The current where confined in a narrow gorge, flows -rapidly—that is to say at the rate of two to eight feet the minute, according to the steepness of the descent. The average rate of advance np to this time, taken from the seven streams which are known to be flowing, is abobt one Frencn metre in the minute. On the flatter ground, wuere there is more obstruction, and where the stream spreads out lo a great depth, the progress is invisible to the eye. As in a glacier, there is a more rapid flow in the middle than at the sides, for these sometimes seemed to be quite fast, while the motion in the centre is distinctly perceptible. The por tion of the current wkich is flowing towards Mascali has a breath of some twp or three hundred yards, and a depth on its sloping front lrom twenty to twenty-five feet. Itmaj be approached without much inconvenience, and with perfect safety; for although large masses are constantly rolling down, there is always time enough to escape before thej reach the bottom. The point which fee lava has reached I calculate to be about 2,40 C feet above the icvel of the sea, and the cra tur some 1.500 feet higher, or one third oi the way up the mountain. We followed the stream toward* Jta source, until we‘ were driven off by the heat, the blinding dust, and sulphureous smoke. * The Grievances op Ireland. —lt will be seen by the European news that the British Premier has at last discovered what is the prime grievance of the people of Ireland, the cause of 4er industrial decline, and the source of her g*cial misery. It is not an dbnoxious State Cwrch,' the want of a local Parliament, the absenteeism of landlords, the uncertain tenure* s *!* tenants, the potato rot, nor the wholesale emigration from large pastoral districts of the Country. It is simply the want of capital. This, Eord Palmerstoa thinks, the Government of the United King dom ' cannot undertake to supply; but lm would- have been willing that a fearliameni tary Committee should sit for another year to ondaftVor to disepvef where the capital neces sary *o redeem Ireland c<rold be found. And that is tfie latest phase of the Irish question in tlife British Parliament. PRICE. 5 CENTS [From the Brooklyn Eagle.] CORRY O'LANI’S AT THE Oil. RE GIONS. Oil Regions, Pa. Dear Eagle I have reached the land of oil, having taken a safer rounj than the Erie. Pennsylvania is a good-sizld State and it takes some time to get there. When you do get here you wish you hadn’t come. There is plenty of oil—and that is all, ex cept lots of people. I made for “Snaky Run,” the most likely place for oil. They call these places Runs, because every body who is after oil runs here. Every man yon meet is the President, Di rector or Engineer of a petroleum comnsny. The natives, who are white people, and re semble country folks, live by selling land and greenhorns. They have a system in both transactions. They double the price of land every mom morning. * If you know of anybody who has got a few vacant lots that he wants to sell, tell him to bring them out here. The folks are so busy looking for oil they havn’t time to build houses, and everybody is afraid to put up a house for fear that he might cover an oil well. " Consequently the hotels are a little crowd ed. The Muggins Hotel, where I put up, is much so. Muggins, the proprietor, is the most accom modating man you ever saw. A city railroad conductor isn t a circumstance to him. He has only got six beds in the house, but he is always ready to take in everybody. He took me in. Also two hundred more petroleum pil grims. The sleeping accommodations are various. We go to bed in platoons. When the first platoon get asleep they are carefully taken out of bed aud hung over a clothes line. The second platoon go through the same process until everybody is provided for. Preferring to sleep alone, I slept on the mautel-pieee, with the coal scuttle for a pil low. As I observed, land is precious out here. I bought a lot, ten inches by four, for three hundred thousand dollars, and commenced operations. The next thing is to commence boring. You want a sharp bore. A public lecturer won’t do. Neither will a skating gimlet. I took a brace and bit and w r ent in. Got down about seven hundred thousand feet into the bowels of the land, when I came to an impediment. Found thatff had struck the pre-Adamite rock of the ossified stratum of the Silurian formation. This is geology, and you perhaps won’t understand it, but I will explain it all in the paper to the Historical Society lam about writing. Got a candle and went down to see about it. I found a big Megatherium about six bun dred feet long, and nine hundred wide, in a capital state of preservation. I got him out aud shall send him along by express. Went on boring through forty thousand feet of sand-stone. Here ene mntered a strange smell of sulphur, which alarmed the native who sold me the land, and to ease hia conscience he gave me half the money back, aud wanted me to stop boring. Told him I was bound to keep on until I struck ile, or came out on the other side of creation. Bored on. Went through about sixty thou sand feet more, when suddenly the brace and bit went in, and there was a grand report like that made by Butler’s powder-boat which didn’t blow up Fort Fisher. Things were slightly confused for a time. A section of Pennsylvania went up, and I went np with it. I guess J must have come down again, at the next idea I had was find ing myself comfortably hung over a clothes line at the Muggins Hotel. An investigating into the matter showed that I had struck through into a gas factory in China, which had exploded at both ends of the bore killing half a million Chinese. The casualties ou our side were confined to one native and a small dog. I haven’t given up yet. The folks here are very encouragiug ; they will stick to a man as long as he has a cent left, and I never 1 knew Muggins to turn a man out of his hotel who had the means to pav his bill. J A kind hearted chap offered me a another piece ot land, theMzc of a stove plate, within a mile and a half of a seven hundred barrel well. fog the reasonable figure of half a million, and two thirds of the oil. I Jiad concluded that boring for oil is not so profitable as bleeding the public. I shall stall an oil company on more liberal terms than any one yet offered. I shall be prepared to guarantee anything. The capital will be a million of dollars, di vided into two million shares at fifty cento each. . . Dividends of two per cept. will be paid weekly, in addition to which each subscriber will be intitled to a segpon ticket for Lanigan’s Ball, anew hat, a farm in -Minnessota, and a ton of coal at market prices. The “Seally Run Petroleum Company”, will be be the biggest thißg in oil in the mar ket. I am coming on te arran@j2*ic business as soon as my Iriends remit me fCuvStUpough to pay my way back. Y ours oleaginoasly, CCRRY O’LaNCB. [JAt the inauguration ball Vice Admiral Far ragut,.Gen. Banks, Congressman Arnold of Chicago, and an attache of one of the foreign legations, dauced the Lancers together. Mrs. George Francis Train made the best display of dry goods. Among the distinguished ab sentees were Secretary Stanton, Chief Justice. Chase, and Mr. aud Mrs. Senator Sprague. A young lady named Fayne, recently ar rested for her Southern proclivities in St. Lopis, was released through the intercession of a bugler in the Federal army, to whom she was engaged to be marriea. He said that fact showed that she was in favor of the