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SAVANNAH DAILY HEEALD. VOL. I—NO. 78. The Savannah Daily Herald (MORNING AND EVENING) 18 PUBLISHED BT a W. MASON «fc CO., At 111 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia TERMS: Per Copy Five Cent*. per Hundred $3 60. Per Year $lO 00, advertising: Two Dollars per Square of Ten Lines for first in sertion ; One Dollar for each subsequent one. Ad vertisements inserted in the morning, will, if desired, appear in the evening without extra charge. JOB PRINTING every style, neatly and promptly done. The Grand Sumter Celebration at Charleston The steamer “Blackstone,” which con veyed the party from this city to “ assist” at the Sumter celebration on Friday last, re turned to the wharf this morning at eleven o’clock, bringing home the greater part of the passengers who went away in her. To the kindness of Mr. Philip Calanan, the Steward of the “Blackstone,” we are indebted for copies of the Charleston Courier, containing a full report of the great celebra tion at Snmter, and also for New York pa pers of the 10tb.‘ The “ Blackstone’s” party reached Fort Sumter on the morning of Thursday. The afternoon of this day, a party of the Savan nah visitors, accompanied by a band of mu sic, visited all the forts in and about the harbor, and the evening was passed by all iD making acquaintances and in having a good time generally. On Friday morning, at ten o’clock, the various steamers, to the number of ten, with bauds playing and flags flying, steamed to wards Fort Sumter. On their arrival at the fort, detachments of sailors and marines, with the 36th Massachusetts Yols. and 127th New York Yols., were found drawn up in line to receive the guests. A platform surrounded with evergreens was erected in the centre of -the Parade Ground, with an arched canopy overhead covered with national banners, made by the Union ladies of Charleston, and intermingled with the beautiful wreath's of evergreen and flowers. In front of the platform were the seats, ca pable of accommodating between three and four thousand visitors. On the stage beside speaker’s stand was a golden eagle holding a handsome wreath of flowers and evergreen. The flag staff had been erected immediately in the centre of the parade ground, and the halyards adjusted by three of the crew of the “Juniata,” who took part in the assault on Fort Sumter, ordered by Admiral Dahl green, September 9th, 1863. The arragements made under the superin tendence of Major Weiss, were excellent, and were a complete success. The number of persons in attendance is variously estimated at about three thousand, including between lour and live hundred cit izens. Among the latter we observed Charleston’s Union preservative, Dr. A. G. Mackey, and his family. About eleven o’clock Rear Admiral Dahl green arrived and was enthusiastically cheer ed. He was followed by Fleet Captain Brad ford and from two to three hundred naval officers of the Squadron and visitors. Previous to the arrival of Major General Anderson, a song entitled “Yictory at Last,”- composed by W- B. Bradbury, was sung by the composer, AJie audience joining in the chorus. - m ARRIVAL OF MAJOR*GENERAL ROBERT ANDERSON. I At half past eleven, the sound of music j followed by the continued cheering ot the crowd on the parapets was the signal of the arrivel of Major General Robert Anuerson and the distingufshed personages accompa- ; uying him. Major General Gill more entered the parade ground with Major General Andersen on the right, and Miss Anderson on the left. Their entrance was hailed with enthusiastic shouts of delight. The ceremonies proceeded in the following i order: 1. The recitation ot the Te lieuvi. 2. Prayer by the Rev. Matthew Harris, U. S. Army chaplain. This was followed by the reading by the Rev. R S. Storrs, Jr., D. D., and the audi ence alternately, of Psalms 126,47,98 and 99. Major Anderson’s despatch to the Govern ment, dated steamßbip Baltic, off Sandy Hook, April 18th, 1861, the fall of Fort Sumter, was read by Brevet Brigadier General E. D. Townsend, Adjutant-General United States Army. . RAISING THE FLAG. Anderson and Sergeant Hart then stepped forward on the platform and unfurled the glorious old banner amid the deafening cheers of the assemblage. •General Anderson and Sergeant Hart then jaised the flag, with an evergreen’wreath at tached, the occupants on the stage all joining in taking hold of the halyards. The scene of rejoicing that, followed as the flag reached the top of the staff was indescribable. The enthusiasm was unbounded. There was a simultaneous rising, cheering and waving of hats and handkerchiefs for fully fifteen min utes. J Ad the starry emblem floated out grace fully to the strong breeze, the joyful demon strations were repeated, which were respond ed to by music from the bands and the thun dering salutes from the fort 9 and the fleet. A salute of two hundred guns was fired by Battery M, Captain Barker, and Company a ,9fP tain Caldwell, of the 3d Rhode Island Artillery, stationed at the fort. SPEECH OF GENERAL ANDERSON. When the cheering had subsided,’ General Anderson, on being introduced by Joseph noxie.Esq., addressed the assemblage: Q _rL v friends, and fellow-citizens,and brother soldiers—By the considerate appointment of the Honorable Secretary of War, I atn here to fhlfil the cherished wish of my heart thro’ four long, long years of bloody war; to re store to its proper place the dear flag which floated here during peaee, before the first act of this cruel rebellion. ' • I thank God that I have lived to see this day (great applause), and to be here to per form the duty to my country. My heart is filled with gratitude to that God who has so signally blessed us; who has given us bless ings beyond measure. May all the world proclaim “Glory to God in the Highest, and, on earth,peace and good will towards men." (Yoices: Amen, and amen.) ADDRF.SS BY THE P.ltv. HENRY WARD BEECHER. The Rev. Mr. Beecher was introduced by Mr. Hoxie. We have the great gratification of being able this morning to lay this mas terly production before our readers. Mr. Beecher said: On this solemn and joyful day, we again lift to the breeze our fathers’ flag, uowjagain, the banner of the United States, with the fervent prayer that God would crown it with honor, protect it from treason, and 'Send it down to our children, with ail the blessings of civilization, liberty and religion. Terrible in battle, may it bq beneficent in peace. Hap pily, no beast or bird of prey has been in scribed upon it- The stars that redeem the night from darkness, and the beams of red light that beautify the morning, have been united upon its folds. As long as the sun endures, or the stars, may it wave over a na tion neither enslaved nor enslaving. (Great applause.,; Once, and but once, has treason dishonored it. In that insane hour when the guiltiest and bloodiest rebellion of time hurled their fires upon this fort, you, sir, (turning to General Anderson,) and a small heroic band, stood within those now crum bled walls, and did gallant and just battle for the honor and defence of the nation’s ban ner. (Applause.) In that cope of fire this glorious flag still peacefully waved to the breeze above your head, unconscious of harm as the stars and skies above it. Once it was shot down. A gallant hand, in whose care this day it has been, plucked it from the ground, and reared it again—“cast down, but not destroyed." After, a vain resistance, with trembling hand and sad heart, you withdrew it from its height, closed its wings, and bore it far away, sternly to sleep amid the tumults of rebellkm and the thunder of battle. The first act of war had begun. *The long night of four years had set in. While the giddy traitors whirled iu a maze of exhillaration, dim hor rors were already advancing, that were ere long to fill the land with blood. To-day you are returned again. We de voutly join with you iu thanksgiving to Al mighty God, that He has spared your hon ored life and vouchsafed you the honors of this day. The heavens over you are the same; the same shores; morning comes,aud evening, as they did. All else, how changed! What grim batteries crowd the burdened shores! What sceues have filled this air and disturbed these waters! These shattered heaps of shapeless stone are all that is left of Fort Sumter. Desolation broods ih yon der sad city—solemn retribution hath avenged our dishonored banner! You have come back with honor, who departed hence, four years ago, leaving the air sultry with fanati cism. The. surging crowds that rolled up their frenzied shouts, as the flag came down, are dead, or scattered, or silent; and their habitations are desolate. Ruin sits in the cradle of treason. Rebellion has perished. But, there flies the same flag that was in sulted. (Great and prolonged applause.) With starry eyes it looks all over this bay for that banner that supplanted it, and sees it not. (Applause.) You that then, for the day, were humbled, are here again, to tri umph once and forever. (Applause.) Iu the storm of that assault this glorious ensign was often struck; hut, memorable fact, not one of its stars was torn out,by shot or shell. (Applause.) It was a prophecy. said : “Not one State shall be struck from this nation by treason!” (Applause.) The fulfillment is at hand. Lifted to the air, to day, it proclaims, after four years of war, “Not a State is blotted out!” [Applause.] Hail, to the flag of our fathers, and our flag! Glory to the banner that has gone through four years black with tempests of war, to pilot the nation back to peace with out dismemberment! Aud glory be to God, who, above all hosts and banners, hath or dained victory, and shall ordain peace ! (Ap plause.) Wherefore have -we come hither, pilgrims from distant places ? Are we come to exult that Northern hands are stronger than South ern ! No ; but to rejoice that the hands of those who defend a just and beneficent gov ernment are mightier than the hands that as saulted it ? (Applause) Do we exult over fallen cities ? We exult that a Nation has not fallen. [Applause.] We sorrow with the sor rowful. We sympathise with the desolate. We look upon this shattered fort, and yonder dilapidated city, with sad eyes, grieved that men should have committed such treason, and glad that God hath set such a mark upon treason that all ages shall dread and abhor it [Applause.] We exult, not for a passion gratified, but for a sentiment victorious; not for temper, but for conscience ; not as wc devoutly be lieve that our will is done, but that God’s will is done, God's will hath been done. We should be unworthy of that liberty en trusted to our care, if, on such a day as this, we BU lhed our hearts by feelings of aimless vengeance ; and equally unworthy, if we did not devoutly thank Him who hath said, Ven wh 1 Wlli , r( W> sait k the Lord, that he hath Stet a mark upon arrogant Re bellion, ineffaceable while time last! Since this flag went down on that dark day, who shall tell the mighty woes that have made tins land a spectacle to angels and men? The soil has drank blood, and is glutted Millions mourn for millions slaiu, or, envying the dead, pray for oblivion. Towns and vil lages have been razed. Fruitful fields have turned back to wilderness. It came to pass, as the prophet said : The sun was turned to darkness and the moon to blood. The Course of law w'as ended. The sword sat chief ma gistrate in half the nation : industry was par alyzed ; morals corrupted-; the public weal invaded by rapine and anarchy; whole States ravaged by avenging armies. The world SAVANNAH, GA., MONDAY, APRIL 17, 1865. was amazed. The earth reeled. When the flag sunk here, it was as if political night had come, and all beasts of prey had come forth to devour. That long night is ended. And for this re turning day we have come from afar to re joice and give thanks. No more war ! No more accursed secession ! No more slavery, that spawned them both ! (Great applause.) Let no man misread the meaning of this unfolding flag ! It says “Government hath returned hitherto.” It proclaims in the name of vindicated government, peace and protection to loyalty; humiliation and pains to traitors. This is the flag of sover eignty. The nation, not the States, is sov ereign. Restored to authority, this flag com mands, not supplicates. There may be pardon, but no concession. (Great applause.) There may be amuesty and oblivion, but no honied compromises. (Applause.) The nation to-day has peace for the peaceful, and war for the turbulent. (Applause.) The only condition of submis sion, is, to submit! (Laughter and ap plause.) There the Constitution, there are the laws, there is the Government. They rise up like mountnins of strength that shall not be moved. They are the conditions of peace. One nation, under one government, with out slavery, lias been ordained, and shall stand. There can be peace on no other ba sis. On this basis reconstruction is easy, and needs neither arcliitect pr engineer..— Without this basis no engineer or architect shall ever reconstruct these rebellious States. We do not want your cities nor your fields. We do not envy you your prolific soil, nor heavens full of perpetual summer. Let ag riculture revel here ; let manufactures make every stream twice musical; build fleets iu every port; inspire the art3 of peace with genius second only to that of Athens ; and we shall be glad in your gladness, and rich in your wealth. * All that we ask is unswerving loyalty, and universal liberty. (Applause.) And that, in the name of this high sovereignty of the United States of America, we demand, and that with the blessing of Almighty God, we will have ! (Great applause.) We raise our Father’s banner that it may bring back better blessings than those of old; that it may restore lawful government, and a prosperity purer and more enduring than that which it pretended before ; that it may wiu parted friends from their alienation; that it may inspire hope, inaugurate univer sal liberty; that may say to the sword, “Re turn to thy sheath,” and to the plow and sickle, “Goforth;" that it may heal all jeal ousies, unite ail policies, inspire anew na tional life, compact our strength, purify our principles, ennoble our national ambitions and make this people great and strong, not for aggression and quarrelsomeness, but for the peace of the world, giving to us the glo rious prerogative of leading all nations to juster laws, to more humane policies, to sin cere friendship, to national, instituted civil liberty, and to universal Christian broth erhood. Reverently, piously, in hopeful patriotism, we spread this banner on the sky, as of old the bow was planted on the cloud, and with solemn fervor, beseech God to look upon it, and make it a memorial of au everlasting covenant aud decree, that never again on this fair land shall it deluge of blood~prevail, 1 (Applause.) Why need any eye turn from this spectacle? Are there not associations which, overleap ing the recent past, carry us back to times when, over North and South, this flag was honored alike by all? In all our colonial days we were one; in the long Revolutionary struggle ; and in the scores of prosperous years succeeding. When the passage of the Stamp Act in 1765 aroused the colonies, it was Gadsden of South Carolina that cried jvith prescient enthusiasm : “We stand on the broad common ground of those natural rights that we all feel and know as men.— There ought to be no New England man, no New Yorker, this continent, but all of us, ” said he, That was the voice of South Carolina. That shall be the voice of South Carolina. Faint is the echo ; but it is coming. We now hear it sigh ing sadly through the pines; but it shall yet break the shore. No North, no West, no South, but one United States of America. (Applause.) There is scarcely a man born in the South who has lifted his hand against this banner, but had a father who would have died tor it. Is memory dead ? Is there no historic pride? Has a fatal fury struck blindness or bate into eyes that used to look kindly towards each other ; that read the same Bible ; that hung over the historic pages of our national glory; that studied the same Constitution ? Let this uplifting bring back all of the past that was good, but leave in darkness all that was Jiad. It was never before so wholly unspotted ; so clear of all wrong ; so purely and simply the sign of Jnstice and Liberty. Did I say that we brought back the same bantiei that you bore away, noble and heroic sir ? It is not the same. It is more aud better than it was. The land is free from slavery, since that banner fell. When God would prepare Moses for Eman cipation, he overthrew his first steps, and drove him for forty years to brood in the wil derness. When our flag came down four years ago it lay brooding in darkness. It cried to the Lord, “Wheretbre am I deposed.” Then arose before it a .vision of its sin. It had strengthened the strong, and forgotten the weak. It proclaimed liberty, but trod upon slaves. In that secession it dedicated itself to liber ty. Behold, to-day, it fulfills its vows ? When it went down, lour million people had no flag. To-day it rises, and four million people cry out, “Behold our flag !” Hark ! they murmur. It is the Gospel that they re cite in sacred words: “It is a Gospel to the poor, it heals our broken hearts, it preaches deliverance to capitives, it gives sight to the blind, its sets at liberty them that are bruis ed.” Rise up then, glorious Gospel Banner, and roll out these messages of God. Tell the air that not a spot now' sullies tby whiteness.. Thy red is not the blu9h of shame, but the flush of joy. Tell the dews that wash thee that thou art pure as they. Say to the night, that thy stars lead toward the morning pand to the morning, that a brighter day arises with healing in its wings. And then oh glowing flag, bid the sun pour light on all thy folds with double brightness, whilst thou art bearing round and round the world the solemn joy—a race set free ! a nation re deemed ! The mighty hand of Government, made strong in war, by the favor of the God of Battles, has spread wide to-day the banner of liberty that went down in darkness, that arose in light; and there it streams, like the sun above it, neither parceled out nor mono polized, but flooding the air with light for all mankind. Ye scattered and broken, ye wounded and dying, bitten by the fiery ser pents of oppression, everywhere, in all the world, look upon this sign, lifted up and live. And ye homeless aucl houseless slaves, look, and ye are free. At length you, too, have part and lot in this glorious ensign, that broods with impartial love over small and great, the poor and the strong, the bond and the free. In this solemn hour let us pray for the quick coming of reconciliation and happi ness, under this common flag. But we must build again, from the founda tions, in all those now free Southern States. No cheap exhortation “to forgetfulness of the past, to restore all things as they were” will do. God does not stretch out hi 9 hand, a9 he has for four dreadful years, that men may easily forget the might of his terrible acts. Restore things as they were ? What, the alienations and jealousies: the discords and contentions, and the causes of them ? No. In that solemn sacrifice an which a na tion has offered up for its sins so many pre cious victims, loved and lamented, let our sins and mistakes be consumed utterly and forever. No, never again shall things be restored as before the war. It is written in God’s decree of events fulfilled “Old things are passed away ” That new earth, iu wuich dwelleth righteousness, draws near. Things as they were ? Who has an om nipotent hand to restore a million dead, slain in battl<y>r wasted by sickness, or dying of grief, bWken hearted? Who has omnis cience, to search for the scattered ones ? Who shall restore the lost to broken families? Who shall bring back the squandered treas ure, the years of industry wasted, and con vince you that four years of guilty rebellion and cruel war are no more than dirt upon the . hand, which a moment’s washing re moves and leaves the hand clean as before ? Such a war reaches down to the veiy vitals of society. • Emerging from such a prolonged rebellion, he is blind who tells you that the State, by a mere amnesty aud benevolence of govern ment, can be put again, by a mere decree, iu its old place. It would not be bouest, it would not be kind or fraternal for me to pretend that Southern revolution against the Union has not reacted and wrought a revo lution in the Southern States themselves, and inaugurated anew dispensation. Society is like a broken loom, and the piece which rebellion put in, and was weav ing, has been cut, ana every thread broken. You must put iu new warp and new woof— aud, weaving anew, a9 the fabric slowly un winds. we shall see in it no gorgon figures, no hideous grotesque of the old barbarism, but the figures of lioerty, vines and golden grains, framing in the heads of Justice, Love Knd Liberty! ■ The august Convention of 1787 framed the Constitution, with this memorable preamble: “ We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, estab lish justice,insure domestic tranquillity, pro vide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do or dain this Constitution for the United States of America.” Again, in the awful Convention of war, the people .of the United States, for the very ends just recited, have debated, settled and ordained, certain fundamental truths, which must henceforth be accepted and obeyed.— Nor is any State, or any individual, wise, who shall disregard them. They are to civil affairs what the natural laws are*to health— indispensable conditions of peace and hap piness. What are the ordinances give* by the peo ple, speaking out of fire and darkness of war, with authority inspired by that same God who gave the law from Sinai amid thun ders and trumpet voices ? 1. That these United States shall be one and indissoluble. 2 ; The States are not absolute sovereigns, and’ have no right to dismember the republic. 3. That universal liberty is indispensable to Republican Government, and that slavery shall be utterly and forever abolished! Such are the results ot war! These are the best fruits of the war. They are worth all they have cost. They are foundations of peace. They will secure benefits to all na tions as well as to us. Our highest wisdom and duty is to accept the facts as the decrees of God. We are exhorted to forget all that has happened. Yes, the wrath, the conflict, the cruelty, but not those overruling decrees of God which this war has pronounced. As solemnly as on Mount Sinai, God says, “Remember 1 re member !” Hear it to-day. Under this sun, under that bright child of the sun, our banner, with the eyes of this nation and of the world upon us, w r e repeat the syllable of God’s Providence, and recite the solemn de crees ' - No more Disunion ! No more Secession ! No more Slavery ! (Applause.) Why did this civil war begin ? We do not wonder that European states men failed to comprehend this conflict, and foreign philanthropists were shocked at a murderous war that seemed to have had no moral origin, but, like the brutal fights of beasts of prey, to have spnmg from ferocious animalism. This great nation filling all profitable latitudes, cradled between two oceans, with inexhaustible resources, with riches increasing in an unparalleled ratio by 1 agriculture, by manufactures, by commerce, with schools and churches, with books and newspapers thick as leaves in our own for ests, with institutions sprung from the peo ple, and peculiarly adapted to their genius ; a nation not sluggish, but active, used to ex citement, practised in political wisdom, and PRICE. 5 CENTS accustomed to self-government, and all its vast outlying parts held together by a federal government, mild in temper, gentle in ad ministration, and beneficent in results, we do not wonder that is is not understood abroad. All at once, in this hemisphere of happi ness and hope, there came trooping clouds with fiery bolts, full of death and desolation. At a cannon-shot upon this fort, all the na tion, as if hpen a trained army, ly ing on their arms, awaiting a signal, rose up and began a war which lor awfulne93 rises into the first rank of bad eminence. The front of battle, going with the sun, was twelve hundred miles long; and the depth, measured -along a meridian, was a thousand miles. In this vast army, more than two million men, first and last, for four years, have, in skirmish, fight and battle, met in more than a thousand conflicts; while a coast and river line, not less than four thousand miles in length, has swarmed with fleets, freighted with artillery. The very industry of the country seemed to have been touched by some infernal wand, and, with one wheel, changed its front from peace to war. The anvils of the land beat like drums. As out of the ooze emerge monsters, so from our mines and founderies uprose new and strange machines of war, iron-clad. And so, in a nation of peaceful habits, without external provocation, there arose such a storm of war as blackened the whole horizon and hemisphere. What wonder that foreign observers stood amazed at this fanatical fury, that seemed without divine guidance, but inspired wholly with infernal frenzy ? The explosion was sudden, but the train had long been laid. We must consider the condition of Southern society, if we would understand the mystery of this iniquity. So ciety in the South resolves itself into three divisions, more sharply distinguished than in any other part ot the nation. At the base is the laboring class, made up of slaves.— Next is the middle class, made up of traders, small farmers and poor men. The lower edge of this class touched the slave, and the upper edge reached up to the third and ruling class. This class was a small minority in numbers, but in practiced ability they had centered in their hands the whole govern ment of the South, and had mainly governed the country. Upon this polished, cultured, exceedingly capable aud wholly unprincipled class, rests the whole burden of this war. Forced upward by the bottom heat of slavery, the ruling class in all the disloyal States, arrogated to themselves a superiority not compatible with republican equality, nor with just morals. They claimed a right of preminence. An evil prophet arose who trained these wild and luxuriant shoots of ambition to the shapely form of a political phi losophy. By its re-agents they precipitated drudgery to the bottom of society, and let rise to the top what they thought to be a clarified fluid. In their political economy, labor was to be owned by capital. In their of government a few were to rule the many. They boldly avowed, not the fact alone, that under au forms of government, the few rule the many, but their right and duty to do so. Set free from the necessity of labor, they conceived a contempt for those who left its wholesome regimen. Believing themselves ordained to supremacy, they regarded the popular vote, when it failed to register their wishes, as an intrusion and a nuisance. They were born in a garden, and popular liberty, like freshets, overswelling their banks, but covered their dainty walks and flowers with slime and mud—of Democratic, votes (Ap» plause.) When, with shrewd observation, they saw the growth of the popular element in the Northern States, they instinctively took in the inevitable events. They must be con trolled, or cut off from a nation governed by gentlemen ! Controlled less _ and less, could it be, in every decade, and they prepared se cretly, earnestly, and with wide conference and mutual connivance. We are to distinguish between the pretence and means, and cause of this war. To inflame and unite the great' middle class of the South, who bad no interest in separation and no business with war, they allege grievance that never existed, and employed arguments which they, better than ail other men, - knew to be specions and false. Slavery itself was cared for only as an instrument of power, or of excitement.— They had unalterably fixed their eye upon empire, and all - was good which would se cure that, and bad which hindered it. Thus, the ruling class of the South—an aristocracy as intense, proud and inflexible as ever existed—not limited either by cus toms or institutions, not recognized and ad justed in the regular order of society, playiDg a reciprocal part in its machinery, but secret, disowning its own existence, baptised with ostentatious names of democracy, obsequious to the people for the sake of governing them; this nameless, lurking aristocracy, that ran in the* blood of society like a rash, not yet come to the skin; this political tapeworm, that produced nothing, but lay coiled in the body, feeding on its nutriment, and holding the whole structure but a servant set up to nourish it-»this aristocracy of the plantation, with firm and deliberate resolve, brought on the war, that they might cut the land in two, and, clearing themselves from incorrigible free society, set up a sterner, statelier em pire, where slaves worked that gentlemen might live at ease. Nor can ‘there be any doubt that though, at first, they meant to erect the form of republican government, this was but a device; a step necessary to the securing of that power by which they should be able to change the whole economy of society. That they never di earned of such a war, we may well believe. That they would have accepted it, though twice as bloody, if only thus they could rule, none can doubt that know the temper of these worst men of modern society. (Applause.) But they mis calculated They understand the people of the South; but they were totally incapable of understanding the character of the great working classes of the loyal States. That industry which is the foundation of indepen dence, and so of equity, they, stigmatized as stupid drudgery, or as mewF avarice. That, general intelligence and Independence of