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SAVANNAH DAILY HERALD.
VOL. 1-NO. 83.
The Savannah Daily Herald
(MORNING AND EVENING}
IS PUBLISHED BY
a W. MASON «fc CO.,
At 111 Bay Street, Savannah, Georgia,
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JOB PRINTING
every style, neatly and promptly done.
RISE IN THE RATE OF'INTEREST.
NO. 4.
It appears to be the policy of modern
financiers to procure money for the public
service by placing tlreir loans within the
reach of a large portion ot the community.
The price of shares in the public stocks is
put at so low a figure that there are few who
are unable to become proprietors in the
funds. By this means, although the amounts
are separately small, the aggregate becomes
considerable. The State becomes debtor to
nearly the whole community who have any
surplus funds to invest, and all the interest
in maintaining the credit of the government.
To adopt the phraseology of the aewspapers,
this is called popularizing public loans.
When Louis Napoleon wished to obtain a
loan in 1854, to carry on the war with Rus
sia, he issued proposals for a loan in which
this principle was incorporated. He shrewd
ly concluded that a rate of interest somewhat
higher than the market rate, combined with
the facility of obtaming shares, from the low
subscription price, would bring out the scat
tered hoards, many of which in France,from
the habits of the people, had remained un
productive. This calculation was a correct
one. He raised a loan in a few months of
sixty millions sterling.
The principle, although novel in its appli
cation, was familiar to many of the shrewd
financiers of France. It was the basis of
the Credit Mobilier and other credit Institu
tions, which, having taken root in Paris, shot
forth in a most prolific manner all over the
continent of Europe. Vienna and all the
lesser cities of Germany and Italy have had
their Credits Mobilier.
As the name imports the effect is to
form large aggregates of capital from the
small and scattered separate sums, in hands
wherein they were unproductive, by impart
ing to them activity, with the prospect of
large dividends. By skilful financial ar
rangements the promises of the projectors
were realized, and some of the most eminent
ot the continental financiers, including
Princes and other high Dignitaries, such as
the Rothchilds, Perieras* Foulds, became as
sociated in those stupendous joint stock un
dertakings.
In England where associations founded on
such hazardous principles had never become
popular, joint stock banks and a variety of
similar enterprises have received, within a
short period, prodigious expansion. Many
of them have been highly successful, having
made large dividends. The attraction has
separately unfruitful of results, became ag- j
gregately productive of large gains. While
the liability is diffused and the hazards di
minished, the prospect is held out of inordi
nate gains.
It has singularly appeared that this new
organization of credit, as it is called by the
Edinburg Review, should have been coinci
dent with the great demand in England, for
loan capital, leading to an elevation in
tic vat«> >f interest beyond all parallel. We
hi sv, is in whtu manner this demand is a !
natural sequence to the hupnlla. given, tp iff- j
dustry aud trade by several co-operating !
causes, nnd particularly by the agency of the
gold discoveries within the fast, decade and a j
half. There would baa tendency to a fall
in the rate from increased supply, but tiie
demand was constantly ahead of the supply,
and the rate advanced notwithstanding the
additional supply.
We thus perceive in what manner this de
mand is supplied in holding out inducements
to subscribe to joint stock companies and in
vest in undertakings, by the hope of large
profit and the certainty of diminished risk.
The inquiry naturally suggests itself, Why
should loanable capital, to be employed in
foreign enterprise, be almost exclusively
sought in England, and not as well in the
continental money markets ? The reply ap
pears to us to lie on the surface. England
above every other country in Europe, is the
great reservoir of capital. Her powers of
accumulation exceed those of any other
country, and this, it appears to us, from two
causes. Ist. Her insular situation, protect-
ing her from the march of devastating armies,
combined with her long period of internal
tranquility. 2d. Her skill in those arts that
minister to wealth.' Her progress in physical
science and in mechanical ingenuity enable
her to afford exportable products at prices
by which she is able to undersell all other coun
tries, having cheaper labor, but a less skill
ful division of it and a more limited power
of machinery. Her textile fabrics have driven
out of their own markets the East India
manufacturers, where a day’s labor can be
procured for a pint of rice.
Within the memory of man the price of
cotton goods has fallen 75 per cent, in Eng
land, showing the great efficiency of her la
bor. The cheapening ot her productions
from the combined effect of her physical ad
vantages, as seen in her coal and iron, her
inventive powers, as exhibited in her im
proved machinery; her scientific progress
as shown in her manifold applications of
steam, enables her to lay the whole world
under contribution. The balance of trade is
nearly always in her favor with all parts of
the world. There is a stream of treasure
that, except under very adverse circum
stances, such as warlike expenditure and de
ficient harvests, seeks London as the
great bullion market of the world. It is on
this great mart and centre of trade that bills
in the most remote parts of the world are
drawn-and balances adjnsted. Capital here
accumulates with marvellous rapidity, find
ing it3 way in loans to the banks of the
Ganges or the Sacremento, with a difference
in the rate of interest of only two per cent.—
Hence it is that the money market of London
is the resort of borrowers from every division
of the globe, and explains why the demand
for loanable capital centres above all other
places in the British metropolis.
Whether the rise will be permanent or tem
porary, is natural and not abnormal—wheth
er the rate may not advance to ten per cent.
would depend, it appears to us, on the con
tinuance of the circumstances which produc
ed the rise or-stimulated the demand beyond
the supply, such as the general spirit of im
provement arising from the discovery of new
fields of gold, the still greater enlargement
of the boundaries of free trade &c. There is no
more reason on theoretical grounds that the
future rate of interest should not be ten per
cent, per annum, than that it should have re
mained for many years at the average rate of
Jive per cent. The rate of interest has been
as low as one and-a-half,. and two per cent,
per aimum in England, from the supply of
capital exceeding the demand. There can
be no invariable.rate or price for money. The
Spiestion, therefore, whether any higher or
ower rate of interest will take place, resolv'es
itself into the change or. continuance of the
circumstances that led to the rise—on the ad
vancing, stationary or rctrogade state of so
ciety. ***
Arrest Bloodshed Immediately. —The
decision in the case of all the armies in the
South ought to be obtained at once. If Lee’s
surrender be accepted as a termination of the
struggle by the Confederate Government, not
a moment should be allowed to interpose in
communicating the fact to all the armies on
both sides. Sherman may at any moment
dash into deadly collision with Johnston. A
bloody struggle is raging in front of the de
fences of Mobile. Forrest’s and Echols’
troopsrs are bleeding and drawing blood in
mortal affray with Grierson, Stoneman and
other horsemen of the Federal army. Kirby
Smith, Price and Magruder may be this mo
ment engaged hi murderous onslaught upon
Northern men beyond the Mississippi. The
ts&wastf saastf* ■'
mid tu«fce~of
estimated in the deity of the sews oi peace
hnriSrm moking sia ruin J
ered men, will sicken Heavenwith more of
the horrors of our utnatural strife before the
combatants see the nlessed feet of peace.—
To arrest these crimes, and to enable the
soul of the country, both North and South,
to taste the enjoymett of a sense of repose,
in the name of Heaven let not one hour be
lost—let not one devilish punctillio interfere
to delay the tidings of settlement through
out all the wide domain of the deadly strife.
[N. Y. Daily News.
Yankees. —The New York Herald has the
following: —“The Southern people have al
ways called Northerners Yankees, but North
erners never accept-*! the nanae All the
people of the Middle States spurned it, and
r ‘*fr rro cLthe seeker for Yankees to the region
of down East, commencing with Connecti
cut. Connecticut sent him on to Massachu
setts, Vermont, or Rhode Island; they to
New Hampshire, and New Hampshire to
Maine. But the war has changed all that.-
We ate all Yankees now, and we accept the
,L * v <ry good one. Will this
pass into onr history aj the special designa
nil°n?ti peop of the' United Statefin
place of the very general designation of
American that we now share with a ii t he
other peoples of the continent ? If it
it will merely have the career of all other
nicknames before it,; which, bestowed first
in a sneering, jeering sense, eventually
became the accepted names of people-or
sects. Even the term Christian was at first
merely a sneer.
Trade op Charleston and Savannah.—
At Charleston and Savannah authorized
traders will hereafter be permitted, under
such restrictions as the post commanders
may impose, to receive lrorp inhabitants re
siding within our lines such merchandise
and agricultural products, except cotton and
articles not contraband of war, in exchange
tor nesessary supplies of food and clothing.
This traffic is, however, to be kept .strictly
within the limits of military necessity.
SAVANNAH, GA., SATURDAY, APRIL 22, 1865.
THE ASSASSINATION OF THE
PRESIDENT.
BOW XT WAS SONS.
FULL PARTICULARS.
No Maniac’s Deed, but a Delib
erate, Demoniac Murder.
Bow the Assassin Provided, in
Advance, for Bis Escape.
MAJOR RATHBUIf’S STATEMENT ■— MISS
LAI BA KEENE’S ACCOUNT.
The Post Mortem Examina
tion.
J. Wilkes Booth, Beyond a Doubt, the
Murderer.
New York Bates to the 17th.
MAJ. RATHBCN’S STATEMENT.
The President’s box at Ford’s theatre is a
double one, or what ordinarily constitutes
two boxes, in the second tier, at the left of
the stage. When occupied by the Presiden
tial party the separating partition is removed,
and the two are thus throwrn into one. This
box is entered from a narrow, dark hallway,
which in turn is separated from the dress
circle by a small door. The examination of
the premises discloses thp fact that the assas
sin had fully and deliberately prepared and
arranged them so/ his diabolical purpose pre
vious to the assembling bf the audience. A
piece of board one inch thick, six inches
wide and about three feet in length served
for a bar, one end being placed in an inden
tation excavated in the wall for the purpose
about four feet from the floor, and the other
against the moulding of the door panel a
few inches higher than the end in the wall,
so that it would be impossible to jar it out of
place by knocking on tae door on the out
side. The demon haring thus guarded
against intrusion by any of the audience, next
proceeded to prepare a means of observing
the position of the paries inside the box.
With a gimlet or small bL he bored a hole in
the door panel, which he afterwards reamed
out with his knife so as to leave it a little
larger than a buckshot or the inside, while it
was sufficiently large ori the outside in the
dark entry for him to place his eye against it
with convenience, and see the position occu
pied by the President aid his friends. Both
box doo«B Wera„- Pfttforaed in like manner.
But there were spring locks on each of these
doors, and it was barelj possible that they
might be fastened. To yrovide against such
an emergency the sere vs which fasten the
bolt hasps to the wood had been partially
withdrawn, and left so tfcat while they would
hold the hasps to the wood they would afford
little or no resistance to a firm pressure upon
the door from the outside.
deliberate preparations for the mtsder.
Having thus provided for a sure aid easy
entrauce to the box, the next busines was to
insure a clear and unobstructed parage to
the locality of the victim by such ai arrange
ment of the chairs and sotas as w>uld place
the other occupants at considerate distance
from him. The rocking or eas’ chair occu
pied by Mr. Lincoln was found in the front
cornel of the box farthest from the stage.—
Another, for Mrs. Lincoln, a little remote
from the front, while the other chairs and a
sofa were all plaeed on the side nearest the
stage, leaving the centre of the spicious box
clear for the bloody operations or the actor.
These preparations were neither conceived
by a maddened brain, designed by a fool,
nor executed by a drunkard. Ttey bear most
unmistakable evidence of gen/us, industry
and perseverance to the perfect accomplish
]
residence' of r
teenth and H streets, wrere «pSWBafcJS?
United States Army ffitothSf carriage, mad
proceeded to the theatre Siorly after they
entered the fatal box, t»e Iresvdent seated
himself in the chair designator him by-the
assassin. Mrs. Lincoln tpk one near him;
Miss Harris the one at *e opposite comer,
fronting the audience; pd Major Rathbun
seated himself upon thqsofa, a few feet be
hind Miss Harris. Therewere no other per-
sons in the box, and nopne entered or lei t
it until about the time of me assassination.—
Charles Forbes, the personal attendant of the
President, had been told py Mrs. Lincoln to
remain near the box, as hi might be wanted.
The President seemed veil, though some
what ssuLund spoke vey little. He arose
once during the pertbii>-qce, went to the
door of the bpx, put on his ?ercoat and then
The deed was perpe 4ed during the
second scene of the third if of the piece, by
some man who must *ve approached
stealth fluffed unseimthrc dMhe
he saw the ■flash, and d’imte'.hrough the smoke
the forth of a man in the tox, not more than
six feet from the Presidfht. As the Major
•wang towards Mm himeard him shriek
some -«prd like “freedom” He then seized
him. The assassin shoe); loose from the
offlcer'ihgliop, and attbjsaine time made a
violent wruat at Ms left breast with the knife
which he held in his land. Major Rathbun
caught the bldfr bis'left arm near the
shoulder, aaclat once gpm ig for him again,
but oriy succeeded his clothmg,
whiel he;partly tore i«n him as he leaped
from the box to die stage. The Major, then
cried oh* “Stop itan,’' and, supposing it
impossible fra - Mm tc «scape through the
crovd below, ruabed hack to the President
and to She aid oflßp. 3HAW>In, who, for the
firsl tim>ul»fWigif%c» -h»d occurred, was
shreking t for help- < The President had not
changed except that Ms eyes
were closed and his head slightly bent for
ward. Major Rathbun saw at a glance that
he was mortally wounded. He went to the
door of the box for the purpose of procuring
medical aid, and to his astonishment found
the outer dooi at the end of the dark hall
from which the boxes are entered firmly
barred on the inside, with a piece of wood
wedged across about four feet from the floor;
so that those outside who were knocking for
admission could not get in. Tearing away
the fastenings, and passing in one or two
persons who represented themselves as Snr
geons, he requested Captain Crawford to pre
vent all other persons from entering the box,
and begged the audience to disperse.
When the Surgeons had concluded their
examinations it was decided to remove the
body from the theatre, and accordingly the
whole party, including Major Rathbun, who
had charge of Mis. Lincoln, proceeded to a
house opposite. It was now found that the
Major was seriously wounded, and becoming
quite faint from loss of blood. He was sent
home by his Surgeon.
THE SAPIDITY OP THE ASSASSIN’S MOVEMENTS.
The whole time occupied from the firing of
the pistol in the box to the leaping upon the
stage was not over thirty seconds. The Presi
dent never spoke or unclosed his eyes from
this time until his death. The clothing of
Major Rathbun and the dress of Miss Harris
were bespattered with blood of the Major.
The wound of the President did not bleed at
all.
MISS LAURA KEENE’S STATEMENT.
Prominent among those mentioned in con
nection with the incidents of the late tragi
cal death ol our worthy President, is the name
of Laura Keene,the actress. In order to place
her right in the history, the fOUowing facts
will suffice:—
Miss Keene was behind the scenes at the
precise time of the shooting, waiting to come
on the stage. She was near the place thea
trically known as the “tormentor.” She was
on the northern 9ide es the theatre, while the
President’s box was on the southern
side. Miss Keene, s position was
near the prompter's desk; but as that
official was absent calling some of the actors,
she placed herself near the point where she
could more readily enter upon her part. She
was at the time expecting to see the ingress
of Mr. Spear, whose part was at hand, and
prepared herself to break his fall as he en
tered in a drunken scene: but instead of re
ceiving Mr. Spear, Mr. Booth pnshed his way
suddenly through the side scene, striking
Miss Keene on the hand with his own, in
which he held the dagger. She, for a second
looked at him and saw it Was another per
son from the one she expected, and instan
taneously she heard the cry that the Presi
dent was shot. The cry 'was spontaneous
among the andience, and many of them were
making for the stage. She then knew some
thing was occurring, as women were scream
ing, men hallooing and children crying, as if
a fire panic had taken place. Miss Keene
went to the front of the stage, and, address
ing the bewildered audience, said, “For
God’s sake have presence of mind and keep
your places, and all will be well.”'
Notwithstanding this appeal, the audi
ence were boisterous, and while all
seemed anxious to detect the perpetrator
of the great crime, but one made a real move
to the end. Scarcely had the perpetrator of
the crime jumped from the President’s box
to the stage, before he was followed by Mr.
Stewart, one of the auditors. As Mr. Booth
crossed the stage, he met and struck at the
Carpenter with the dagger he had, and in
stantaneously made his exit to the rear of
the theatre,where his horse was in readiness,
and thence made his escape. Miss Keene,
after momentarily arresting the panic and
consternation in the audience, heard the cry
of Miss Harris, saying, “Miss Keene, bring
some water.” Miss Keene, responding to her
call, made her way, which was rather cir
cuitous, through the dress circle to the Presi
dent's box, and got there a few moments
alter the occurrence. There she sai«M||Nfc
Lincoln in the agony of a devoted
tering the most piteous cries. Miss nil.
attempted to pacify her, at the samp tips
offering the good offices in her poweffyjSjij
she was convinced from her observation Mgr
human help was in vain. Miss Keene re
mm to 'xyf
*' AUTOPSY
A/rs. vrane, yunis, "oouiwu, apa
onthe body of the Prerideafc.
The external appearance of the race Wia
that of a deep black stain, about both eyes.
Otherwise the face was very natural.
The wound was on the left side of the
head, behind, on aline with and three inches
from the left ear.
The course of the ball was obliquely for
ward, toward the right eye, crossing the
brain obliquely a few inches behind the eye,
where the ball lodged.
In the track of the wound were found frag
ments of bone which bad been driven for
ward by the ball.
the bail was found imbedded in the ante
rior lobe offthe west hemisphere of the brain.
The orbif plates of both eyes were the seat
of commuted fracture, and the orbit* of the
eyes were filled with extravasaied blood.
The serious injury to the orbit plates was
due to the centr e coup, the result of the in
tense shock of so l&rgs projectile fired so
Cl< Th«f SiU h wasevidently a Deringer, hand-)
cast, and from which the neck hud been
Cll Ashaving of lead had been removed from
the ball in fts passage through the bones ot
the skull and was found in the orifice ot the
wound. The first fragment of the bone was
found two and a half inches within the bram,
the second and a larger fragment about four
inches from the orifice. The ball lay still
further in advance. The wound was half an
inch in diameter.
The coffin of the President measures in '
in the clear Bix\feet six inches in length, and
eighteen inches in breadth at the breast.
A strong military guard has been placed
around the residences of the several Cabinet
officers and around the Executive mansion.
additional accounts of the assassination.
Several accounts have been given of the
PRICE. 5 CENTS
circumstances attending the murder of Pres
ident Lincoln. The following thrilling and
detailed accounts have been obtained from
those who were immediately in attendence
upon him just before, at the time of the mur
der and just after the fatal shot was fired.
They may differ in some minor details from
some of those hitherto given, but in the main
agree with them, and the differences may lie
accounted for by the various impressins re
ceived in a moment of so much intense ex
citement.
the surrender of lee.
-»
SPEECH OF GENERAL BUTLER.
General Butler, upon being called out,
spoke as follows: -
“Fellow Citizens —l am profoundly grate
ful, and thank you once and again, that you
have called upon me to join you in your con
gratulations upon this great triumph of our
arms, which conquers and subjugates finally
a most heinous rebellion against the Ameri
can people. The surrender of Lee and his
army puts an end to this traitorous war
waged to overthrow the government. Even
now, while the heart turns to God for His
good Providence, while the soul burns with
gladness at the result which, rightly under
stood, renews the life of the nation forever,
new vital and controlling questions to be
settled in the immediate future, arise and
mingle perforce with our joy.
There are four classes of men in the rebel
lious Stales. What shall be done with them ?
What shall be done with the men educated
in the Military Academy at the public ex
pense, sworn to protect our flag, obtaining
livelihood, honor and promotion under it.
the children of the nation, who, without
justification, excuse or palliation even be
trayed their country, forfeited their honor,
struck down their nag, used the very know
ledge obtained at the nation's school to break
down the government which nurtured them
and the nation which honors them, and have
now ceased an unholy strife, which has cost
millions of money and hundreds of thousands
of Uvea, because they have been beaten, con
quered and subdued by the valor of our sol
diers, whose comrades they have starved in
loathsome prisons ? (Cheers, and cries of
“Hang every one of them—hang them—give
them the rope.) In the future, the danger to
our liberties can come only from the mad
ambition of those in the army who may con
spire against the life of the nation. Shall
we not, by example, teach every officer who
deserts his flag that he shall suffer the same
penalty for deserting which the government
and the law have enforced upon so many of
our soldiers for the same'crime ? What shall
be done with those whom the people North
and South once delighted to honor, who, with
the oath of God upon their lips, but treason
in their souls, sat in yonder Capitol as law
givers, day by day, and plotted how to de
stroy their country, even white
in the name of the Constitution they claim to
sacrifice at the altar of her most cherished
liberties? Shall they ever again have the
power, or place, or vote to destroy their
country ? (Cries of “No, no—never, never.’’)
Shall they ever again be allowed to have the
loved, and honored, and glorious privilege,
now made Bacred by the blood of hero pa
triots dead, to save them acts of such men—
that of American citizens? (Cries of “No,
never—traitors—hang them,”) The next
class,- the soldier in the ranks of the rebel
lion, misled, deceived by false statements
and arguments and prejudices, until their
judgments were overcome, conscripted anct
driven until their wil’s were overcome into
the support of the rebellion, who, even in a
bad cause, have illustrated the valor of the
American race, are we not ready to say ta
them, “Father, father forgive them, they v
know not what they do ?” (Cries of "Thar*-
it, good—good—that’s the talk."X“* anoth
er class,' those of the South wjg^r B . ve ®ver
welcomed the flag withE.^ 10 "*? . Sadness,
who have never fail ad buion*
victory, who have jf* l *f*»h m top
cause, who
eared for the escaping ftoi]
9tar ™tjQ& and
Ullthiulr' hy ihg DOfth &QU tuTCHIRU uH
f.wrfit tn liberty and life wm
laUiuuvaii their lives in om cause, who went
firstto enteriUchmond, the true Union men
of the Bouth-r-(Cheer«)'— what shall we say
to them ? Shall we not say, “Liberty anil
Eaualitv “under the laws for ever ?“
fdides of “Yes,” anil cheers.) Then we
are agreed Condign punishment to the mili
tarv traitor who deserts his flag for rebellion;
ffisiranchfeement and 9afe keeping for the
cTvmamWiitg his peijured place to betray
Mb country; the right hand of fellowship*#
the misguided aud deceived victims n :
rebellion, and equal rights for the blaerman
under the law. (Cries of “Go on, go omW
Let us be thankful to the good, God that
while this war has cost so much treasure and
I blood, it has so established one power among
the nations of the earth that the shedding oi
American blood upon American soil may now
cease forever, and, in our dealings wan the
nations of the earth we can adopt without
soar of war the motto of Jackson, Ask
nothing but what is right ane submit to
nothing wrong.” (Cries of good, good. )
And i> >* ' rn ™ i bve. (Cries, “How about
a pardon. I am
not your Secretary pi state, nud have no
i power to direct your foreign afiaiis. Good
bye. (Laughter sad cheers?;
J'he AeroiNT.MEirr of Officers of Qot,-
"Kiev Jlgoovs. —The authority heretofore
given to corbttnßaiiill£. armteiVs.or
departments, or to other officer 4 : to appoint
officers of colored troops,; has ' tea revoke
by the Secretary of War, except for new
regiments now in process of organization.
Hereafter all appointments and promotions
in such organizations will be made directly
by the President. The regimental com
manders of old organizations are requested
to nominate meritorious non-commitsioned
officers and soldiers of white regiments for
appointment as second lieutenants in the
corps, to fill vacancies caused by promotions.
Commanders of armies, departments or
corps, are authorized to convene examining
boards when in their opinion it shall be nec
essary to determine the qualifications ot can
didates for promotion in the line or appoint -
ment of second lieutenants.
