Newspaper Page Text
The Savannah Daily Herald.
FKIDAT, Afoisr *, 1863.
FROM OCR EVENING EDITION
OF YESTERDAY.
THE ENTENTE COHDIALE.
Tbe theory of natural enmity between na
tions has been found not to be founded in
truth The English and French have been
at peace for half a century. Amidst all tbe
changes of government, rulers and ministers,
there have been temporary differences, but
no war since the peace of 1815. In France
those who have ruled in Republic and Em
pire—Royalists and Republicans, Doctrain
aries and Military Dictators—in England,
Whigs and Conservatives—seem to have
agreed in maintaining the Entente Cordial'e
This would appear to be the result of other
than natural causes of alienation, rather tbe
effect of relative situation. The mainten
ance of the balance of power has shaped the
foreigu policy of countries. In the more
early periods of European history, France
and England were frequently at war; not
so much from natural antipathy as from
peculiarity of situation, as we havo affirmed.
It was not natural antipathy that led to the
wars against Louis the Fourteenth, in the
reign of Queen Anne, but the necessity of
preventing the absorption of the Nether
lands by that ambitious Prince, who was
aiming at universal empire. Nor was it na
tural enmity that led to the hostilities with
France for 25 years that terminated in the
treaty of Vienna, but the absolute necessity
of curbing the ambition of Bonaparte, and
preserving the liberties and independence of
Europe. We have, therefore, to look to
some other source than national enmity for
the wars beween England and France which
have marked former periods of their history
We can alone seek for the origin of these
wars In peculiarity of relative situ
ation. The muintuinance of the Bal
ance of Power has come to be a part
of the study of statesmen. The diplo
macy of Europe is not what It was when
Austria was supposed to be tbe natural ally
of E igland and France, her natural enemy—
when Russia was in the lutancy of her power
Tue extension of the frontiers of Russia on
the side of Europe—the political annihilation
of Poland—and tbe gradual maritime en
croachments of this formidable power on the
Baltic Slates—have compelled a continued
and close uuiou between France and England,
as the ouly two ot the European Western
powers wnose uuion promises to oppose an
effectual barrier to Russian ambition. Aus
tria lias become enfeebled by her efforts to
preserve her Italiau territories. Tue maiu
reliance for tue preservation of the European
balanoe ja the entente cordialt between En
gland and France.
Thi Proclamation of Gov- Perry.
We publish this evening the proclamation
of Governor Perry of South Carolina. The
provisions of the Proclamation, the Onarles
lon Courier considers liberal and comprehen
sive. Tuose wuo wer« civil office under
the Stale iu May last, and who are neither
in anest or uuder prosecution for treasou,
are, upon takiug the amnesty oath of Pres
ident Johusou, immediately reinstated in the
duties of tueir re poctive offices, wnicb
they are empowered to resume and dis
charge. The Judges and Cuancellors of the
State are required to exercise aud perform
ail the prerogatives which belong to their
respective positions. The Consiiiutiou and
laws to be administered are declared to he
the same as those which were in force in the
Stato, prior to the Act of Secession, except
where they conflict with the provision, of the
Proclamation.
A Convention of the people is ordered to
be held in the Capital on the 13th ot Septem
ber ensuing. The number of its members is
to be the same as that ot the House of Rep*
resentatlv« alone, leaving out of view the
Set ate. This was resolved upon says the
Conner, to prevent undue influence of the
Smaller parishes, who, otherwise, would be
enabled, with a voting population of from
seventy-five to one hundred, not only to
neutralize but to have the same weight as
those districts in which tbe Inhabitants cast
between one and two thousand ballots. It
does not deprive them of representation, but
places it upon the true elements of equality,
population and taxation.
In tue meantime the military authorities
ere iuvoked to lend their aid for the purpose
of enforcing laws and perserving the peace
and good order of the State.
Tne former owners and the freedmen are
enjoined to make such contracts for tbe til*
lage of the ground as are founded in justice
and equity.
—The Second Comptroller of tbe Treasury
has iutimated to the Paymaster General that
the three montha’ extra pay to officers, being
lor services rendered aud not a gratuity, js
subject to income tax.
—A Mr. Van Choate, predicting the failure
of the Atlantic telegraph project, says that
“the claim that messages were actually
transmitted by the old cable is preposterous
and scientifically impossible."
—I i St. Louis female as well as male con*
victs are put at work breaking stones for the
roads.
—Maiue oontrlbu ed more men during the
late war than Great Britain did to the allied
army curing tue Russian war.
—Tue Newburyport Herald advocates fe
male suffrage. 4
By the Provt«lm«l Governor of the suit
of South Carolina.
A PROCLAMATION.
Whereas, His Exc-llency President John
son has issued hi* proclamation, appointing
me (Benjamin F. Perry) Provisional Govern
or in and lor the S ate oi South Carolina, with
power to prescribe such rules and regulations
as may be necessary and proper for conven
ing a Convention of the State, composed of
delegates to be chosen bv that portion of the
people of said Slate wuo are loyal to the
United Stales, lor tbe purpose of altering or
amending the Constitution thereof, and with
authority to exercise within the limits of the
Stale all the powers necessary and proper to
enable such loyal people to restore said State
to its constitutional relations to the Federal
Government, and to present such a Republi
can form of State Government as will entitle
the State to the guarantee of the United
States therefor, and its people to protection
by the United Stales against iuvasion, insur
rection and domestic violence :
Now, tuereiore, in obedience to the Pro
clamation of his Excellency Andrew John
son, President of tne Uuited States, I, Ben
jamin F. Perry, Provisional Governor of the
State of South Carolina, for the purpose of
organizing a Provisional Government in
South Carolina, re-torming the State Consti
tution aud restoriug civil authority in said
State, do hereby proclaim aud declare that
ail civil officers iu South Caroliua, who were
in office when the Civil Government of the
State was suspended, in May last, (except
those arrested or under prosecution for trea
son,) shall, on taking tbe oath of allegiance
prescribed in the President’s Amnesty Pro
clamation ot the 29th day of May, 1885, re
sume the duties ot their offices aud continue
to discharge them under the Provisional Gov
ernment till further appointments are made.
And I do further proclaim, declare and
make known, that it is the duty of all loyal
citizens of the State of South Carolina to
promptly go forward and take the oath of
al egiauce to the Uuited States, before some
magistrate or military officer of the Federal
Government, who may be qualified for ad
ministering oaths; and such are hereby au
thorized to give certified copies thereof to
the persohs respectively by wnom they were
made. Aud such magistrates or officers are
hereby required to transmit the originals of
such oaths, at as early a duy ss may be con
venient, to the Department of state, in the
City of Washington, D. C
And I do further proclaim, declare and
make kuown, that the Managers of Elections
throughout the State of South Carolina will
hold an election for members of a State Con
vention at their respective precinta on the
FIRST MONDAY IN SEPTEMBER NEXT,
according to the laws of South Caroliua in
force before the secession of the State, and that
each Election District in the State sUaii elect
as many members of the Convention as the
•aid District has members of the House of
Representatives—tbe basic of representation
to be population and taxation. Tuis will give
one bundled aud twenty-four members to
tie Convention—a numb r sufficiently large
to represent eveiy portion ot the State most
fully.
Every loyal citizen who has taken the Am
nesty Oath and not within the excepted class
es iu tne President’s Proclamation, will be en
titled to vote, pr ivided he was a legal voter
Under the Constititution as it stood prior to
tue secession of South Caroliua. Aud all who
are witbia the excepted classes must take
tne oatu aud apply for a pardon, in order to
entitle them to vote or become members of
the Conven iou.
The members of the Convention thus elect*
ed on the first M nday iu September next
are hereby required tj convene in the city of
Columbia on Wednesday, tue 13th day ot
September, 1885, tor the purpose of altering
aud amendiug the present Constitution of
South Caroliua, or remodeling or mak
ing anew one, which will conform to the
great chauges wbicu have taken place in the
State, and be more iu accordance witu re
publican principles and equality of repre
sentation.
Aud I do further proclaim and make
known, tuat tbe Constitution and all laws of
lorcb in South Carolina prior to the secession
of the State, are hereby made oi u>rcc u.,der
the Provisional Goveruuunt, except Wherein
tiny may couflict with the pnvis.ona of this
Proclamation. Aud the judges aud chan
cellors of the State are hereby required to
exercise all the powers and perform all the
outlet Which appertain to their respective
office*, and especially in criminal cases. It
will be expected of ihe Federal military au
thorities uow iu South Caroliua to lend their
authority to the civil officers of the Provis
ional Government, for the purpose of en
forcing the laws and preserving the peace
and good order ot the State.
And I do lurther command and enjoin all
good and lawful ci’izens of the State to
unite io enfoic-ing the laws and bringing to
justice all disorderly persons, plunderers,
robbers and marauders, all vagrants and
idle persons who are wandering about with
out employment or any visible means of sup
porting themselves.
It is also expected that all iormer owners of
freed persons wid be kind to them, and not
turn off the children or aged to perish; and
the freed men and women are earnestly en
joined to make contracts, just and fair, for
remaining with their former owners.
In order to facilitate as much as possible
the application lor pardons under the except
ed sections of the President’s Amnesty Proc
lamation, it is stated lor information that all
applications must be by petition, stating tbe
exception, and accompanied with the oath
prescribed. This petition must be first ap
proved by the Provisional Governor, aud
then forwarded to tbe President. The head
quarters of the Provisional Governor will be
at Greenville, where all communications to
him must be addressed.
The newspapers of this State will publish
this Proclamation till the election tor mem
bers of the Convention.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set
my hand and seal. Done at the town
[t. s.]ot Greenville, this 20th day of July, in
the year of our Lord 1865, and ol the
Independence of the United States the
ninetieth. B. F. Phhht.
By the Provisional Governor:
William H. Pleut, Private Secretary.
—Mails for Atlanta, Augusta, Macon and
West Point, Georgia, Montgomery, Alabama,
and for points contiguous to these places
and between them and Chattanooga, Ten
nessee, are to be forwarded, by the way of
Nashville. Soldiers have been placed in
charge of tb« post office.- 1 , wherever there
are military posts.
Charleston.—' The Revenue Cutter Kan
kakee arrived at Charleston on the 27th,
from Mobile, bringing Messrs. R S. Andre*
and Shaw of the Treasury Department. The
Kankakee sailed again for the North on the
29th.
Anew line of steamers between Charles
ton and Philadelphia is announced. The
first steamer, the Moneka, was to have left
Philadelphia on the 22d instant.
Capt. Jackson, about forty-five years of
age, said to be a brother of Stonewall Jack
son, fell overboard from the steamer Landis,
on her last trip from Mobile to New Orleans,
and was drowned. He bad been wounded
three times while in the service, and at the
time of his death was en route for Galves
ton. Capt. Jackson was formerly a mer
chant of Augusta, Ga.
A Mathematical Discovery.
The English papers announce anew mathe
matical theory by Professor Sylvester. It is
the proof Sir Isaac Newton’s rule for tbe dis
covery of tbe imaginary roots of Equations.
“This rule," says tbe Reader, “is sur
rounded with a rare and curious interest. It
was originally given by Sir I. Newton in his
lectures when Lucasian Professor at tbe Uni
versity of Cambridge, and in 1707 it was
published in the Arithmetica Universalis
without proof. Maclaurin, Waring, Euler
and many other distinguished mathemati
cians have attempted to demonstrate it, but
hitherto all such efforts have been abortive A
proof for a few elementary cases was given
by Professor Sylvester, in a paper published
in this year’s volume of the Philosophical
Transactions. He has recently discovered a
complete one, founded on the ordinary piin
ciples of elementary algebra; and more than
this, a theorem, which stands in precisely the
same relation to Newton’s rule as Fourier’s
theorem does to Descarte’s rule, the rule
being deducible from the theorem as a parti
cular case. But this is not all; this general
theorem Is itself only a particular case of a
still more comprehensive one. ” To this it
may be added that the rule in question, both
in the first and second editions of the Arith
metics Universalis, the second of which was
certainly published with Newton's sanction,
stands out as the only proposition in the
book unaccompanied by a proof, and thus
raises a very strong presumption that New
ton was not in possession of a solution which
satisfied his mind. Certain it is that this rule
has been a Gordian knot among algebraists
for the last century aud a half. The rule it
self used to be given in an imperfect form in
our ordinary algebras, such as Wood’9, from
which many of our readers may probably
once have been taught. But, the proof b6ing
wanting, authors became ashamed at length
of advancing a proposition the evidence for
which rested on no other foundation than be
lief in Newton’s sagacity.
Taking this Oath of Allegiance.— We
have been frequently asked, if it was advi
9abi6 to take the amnesty oath. Having
done so ourself, we will give our reasons
why we think it the duty of every man to
do likewise if he intends to remain in this
country.
There is no other government, either State
or Confederate, in existence, which sets at
defiance the authority of the Uuited States,
consequently there are no objections which
conflict with our action in takiug the oath.
We are bound to obey the laws now in
force, ana live under the Constitution and
the Union, even if we refuse to take the oath
Those who have conscientious scruples about,
taking the oath to support the Emancipation
Proclamation, and the laws of Congress in
reference to slaves, should remember that
obedience to these measures are imperative.
If they are unconstitutional, the Supreme
Court will so decide, and in any event we
must abide by the decision. So much for
the objections.
The permission to take the oath Is a privi
lege, and those who avail themselves of it
receive the benefits of citizenship, and a full
pardon for,past offences. The right of exer
cising the elective franchise, will be inesti
mable, when we reconstruct our State Gov
ernments. It is not only a duty we owe to
ourselves and our country, but it is a privi
lege, if we intend to live in the United States.
—Shreeveport ( La .) Gazette.
Spain and the Slave Trade.— ln the
Madrid Senate, on the 7th instant, Marshal
O’Donnell, in reply to a question put by the
Marquis Manzadedo ou the subject of the
slave trade in Cuba, said: “The govern
ment have determined that the slave trade
shall cease, since this is a matter affecting
the honor of tbe Spanish nation aud the tran
quility of the colony; and if the present law
be insufficient, another bill will, in due time
be submitted to the legislative body to attain
the end in view. This I believe to be a duty
for the Bpanish nation, as well as a guaranty
tor the tranquility of the colony, and we thus
remove a cause of possible difficulties which
might even result in international misun
derstanding
—Mansfield (Mass.) has anew sensation:
—whales. A private letter from that locali
ty says:
“We have now in full sight from the shore,
a number of whales, live, veritable whales—
blowing, rolling about, and lashing the sea
white. An old Cape Cod whaleman says
they are fin-back whales, sixty or seventy
feet in length, and that one of them is a
sperm whale one hundred feet long. Proba
bly the codfish aristocracy of the South Shore
are getting up a party appropriately to cele
brate the laying of the Atlantic cable; other
wise, the whaiea, bearing that the South is
now open for Northern immigration, are on
their way to promulgate Northern sentiments.
They are tremendous spouters.”
—Eighteen years ago there were not pro
bably three hundred volumes of English
books in California; to-day it is estimated
that there are within the limits of tbe State
not less than two million volumes. Many
large public and private libraries attest the
progress of civilization.
—A horse stealer, ou his way to the lowa
State prison, while on a steamboat, threw
his manacled bands over the neck of the
man who was guarding him, and making a
desperate leap forward, threw himself and
the man into the river. Both were
drowned.
—The fractional currency in circulation is
estimated at twenty-one million dollars.
—The wreck of a British vesssel on a de
sert island is reported. Some of the crew
had been a year and ten days on tbe island
-when rescued, subsisting on shell-fish and
root*
—A man named Joseph Creel, who was a
! lad of two or three years when Washington
was born, is now living in Wisconsin, at tbe
age of 139. He is a great smoker, and the
doctors think that but for this he might live
to bq a pretty old man.
—Tbe King of Italy will send to the Dub
lin exhibition tbe biggest emerald in tbe
world, next to the “Emerald 191 e.” It is
six inches long, four broad, and three thick,
and bas engraved upon it the Lord's Supper,
after Domicbino.
—An auction sale has been held in War
saw ot gold watches, ear rings, brooches,
wedding and other rings, the property of
political prisoners who have either been
“ worked off’’ or sent to Siberia by the Rus
sian government.
—A lock of Queen Elizabeth’s hair, with
an original poem by Sir Philip Sydney on
receiving it, has lately been found in an old
folio volume of the Arcadia, at Walton, in
England. Tbe hair in color is golden brown.
l;o cal matter s.
Arrival of the Florida Boat.
The Steamer Fountain, Capt. Castner, of the Pllat
ka Line, arrived last evening, at 10 o’clock. Nothing
unusual occurred to mark the trip. The Fountain
arrived on time at Jacksonville on Sun
day the 30th, and started on her re
turn from Pilatka at 4 o’clock Tuesday morning,
leaving Jacksonville at 2 P.M. The Fountain touch
ed at St. ’Mary’s, Brunswick and Darien. She brings
sixty passengers and a fair freight of cotton. Capt.
Castner reports everything quiet at the Intermediate
stopping places.
Extensive additions are being made to the accom
modations of the steamer, several new staterooms
being in process of construction. No expense Is
spared by the agent 9, and nothing left undone by the
gentlemanly officers of the Fountain to make the
trip pleasant and comfortable for the passengers.
Government Cotton to be Shipped North.
Mr. John H. Pilsbury, Deputy Supervising Spe
cial Agent of the Treasury Department, in charge
of the Eighth Agency, arrived la town yester
day to receive from Capt Starr, Chief Quartermaster
Department of Georgia, the remaining captured Con
federate cotton, amounting to nearly two thousand
bales. The shipment to Mr. Draper at New York,
will commence at once.
Shipping- Intelligence.
PORT OF SAVANNAH.
Thursday, August 3, 1866.
Arrived.
Steamer Fountain, Castner, from Palatka.
Passengers—E Brackenbush, R S Pugh, T B Na
thans, T S Long, E W Henry, H Leone, I Beukhelm,
J Slager, George Crane, S E Clark, S Flishman, L Y
Gibbs, wife and servant, S D Tonga, wife and 2 ser
vants, Miss Helen Tonge, R H Tonge, S D Tonge, Ir,
Mrs Babbitt, T H Colcock, Ira Sanbion, Miss Ann
Sanblon, Miss Sallie Sanbion, John W Sanbion, W E
Montague, John Harrison, J T Wright, S F Kline, T
L Lamb,, A L Smith, W A Howard, AAxson, Mrs Cot
ton, 2 children and servant, Miss Maggie Cotton, Mia«
Salile Cotton, Mrs Whitfleld, 2 children and servant.
Miss Fannie Whitfleld, Aroble Cole, S T Ridell and
wife, L B Emmermons, W H Newman, Miss C Accosta
W P Muller aud wife, S S Carr.
Consignees —M A Coheu, Agent, cotton and mer
chandize to Erwin & Hardee, M A Cohen, Ageut, S S
Carr and order.
OFFICIAL—DISTRICT OF SAVANNAH.
HEADQUARTERS DISTiCT OF 8 \VaNNaH, j
Ist Division, Detartmknt or Gfobgia, v
Savannah, Ga., August 2d, 1866. j
Skoal Ordir,}
No. IT. /
(EXTRACT. J
•**••••
2. In compliance with Instructions from Depart
ment Headquarters, dated August Ist, 1805, the fol
lowing Regiments of the District will be immediately
mastered out. under the regulations promulgated iu
General Orders No. 9T. C. a. War Department:
76th New YoiK Volunteer inlanry.
lrth Connecticut •• ••
2ttu Massachusetts “ ••
18th Indiana ” ••
3. All Commissioned Officers and enll-ted men, be
lohgmg to the above enumerated regiment* selected
t.* be mustered out. who are abeent from their com
mands, will at once join their regiments.
By command of
Bvt Major General J. M. BRANNAN.
Will A. Coultlk, a. A. G. au2 2
HEADQUARTERS DISTRICT OF SAVANNAH,)
Ist Division, Department of Urobgla, >
Savannah, July 29, 1683. j
Special Order, t
No. 14. f
l EXTRACT.]
I. Capt. John Martin Lusslne, Schooner “Mary
Agnes,’’ having violated Ge eral Order No. 69, Head
quarters Department of the South, May 6, 1866, estab
lishing quarantine regulations for the District ol Sa
vannah, Ga., in allowing communication with the
fhure, U hereby fined the sum of one Hun ired Dollars,
He will be kept In confinement until the above amount
is paid.
By Command of
_ Brevet MaJ. Gen. J. M. BHANNAN.
Will a. Coulter, Capt. <Jt A. A. G. jv3l
HEADQUARTERS, DISTRICT OF SAVANNAH. 1
Ist Division, Dbp't. of Georgia, >
Savannah, ua., August Ist, 1866. )
General Orders, 1
No. 9. /
The following Circular from Headquarters Depart
ment of Geoigia, is published for tue information of
ail concerned, and wlh be carried into execution at
once:
HEADQ’RS DEPARMENT OF GEORGIA,!
Augusta, Ga., July 31,13u6. j
Circular, I
No. 1. f
in order to afford ample opportunity to the people
of Georgia to take the oath oi allegiance prescribed in
the President’s Amnesty Proclamation of May 29,
1a65, it is ordered, first, District Commanders will at
once select, for the purpose of administering the Oath
of Allegiance, one Assistant Provost Marshal for every
four counties in his district, reporting the names of
such officers so selected to this office; these officers
will, however, proceed at once to administer the Oath
of Allegiance.
second, District Commanders will designate the
four counties assigned to each District Provost Mar
shal, and tbe same will be numbered as a Subdivision
of the District.
Third, The Assistant Provost Marshal so designated
will visit the county seat of each county in his subdi
vision as often as practicable, aud remain in each
county seat three or four days; at such visit he first
causing public notice to be given of the time, in the
newspapers of the districtor otherwise. All possible
despatcu must be used by tbe Assistant Provost Mar
shal to complete administering tne oath to citizens
consistent with their duties and the public interest.
Fourth. For information on the suoject of the duties of
Assistant Provost Marshals In administering the oath,
form of report to this office, &c., attention is called
Circular 6, Heudquartrs Military Division of the Ten
nessee, Jane 26, 1866.
By command of
Major General STEKDMAN.
(Signed] c. H. GROSVENOK,
Brevet Brig. Gen. and Provost Marshal Gen.
By command of
Brevet Maj. Gen. J. M. BRANNAN,
Will A. Coulter A. A. G. au2-7
Refrigerators, Assorted.
HOBBY HORSES.
JUST RECEIVED BY
STUART A CO.,
a °3-3 „Corner Bull and Broughton sts.
NOTICE.
iVT 11 h. W. STEVEN la my duly authorised Attor-
Aya ney during my absence from the city
J>3l- ttJ&Mitf ROiHSCHILP.
TO RENT,
TO RENT,
HPHE Comer Store at the fort of Drayton street.—
A Well calculated for a Ship Chandlery. Ai-piy to
JOHN STODDARD.
* nS -3 No. 10 Bryan street, upstairs.
HOUSE AND ROOMS TO LET.
H° t 8 C ° r Der ° f ** onaton and Drayton
Also, a Kitchen and two Rooms. Apply to
WALTER O'MEARi,
ans-t[ Over Kxpreai Office.
RESTAURANTS, Acf”™*
OAK LODGE,
THUNDERBOLT.
\\riLLIAM T. DANIELS respectfully Informs Ids
V Y friends and the citizens of Savannah that he
has taken this old and
Favorite Summer Retreat,
where he Is prepared to accommodate Boarders and
to furnish PIC-NICS and KAhTIES. There is an er.
cellent BATH HOUSE upon the premises.
Boata and Fishing Tackle Always on
Hand.
M 2 ts
EMANCIPATION
SEEMS TO BE THE
End of oar National Troubles*
THE
HILTON HEAD HOUSE,
Cor. Johnson Square and Bryan Sts.,
IS NOW In good running order—a place where the
weary can find rest, and where the waiters have
no rest.
BURTON’S BAST INDIA PALE ALE,
COOL LAGER, ON ICB.
LUNCH AT 11 O’CLOCK A. M.
No crippled Jaws wanted In this establishment la
business hoars.
, Old acquaintances ne'er forgot.
“For particulars see small bills.”
BILL WILLIAMS,
jyl9-tf Proprietor Hilton Head Hou9e.
CLAMS ! CLAMS I !
I HAVE the best Clams at Hilton' Head, and the
best Cooks, in proof of which statement I adduce
the following testimony from Mr. Beni. Honey’s ad
vertisement In the Savannah Daily Herald, of the
last oi two:
“There Is no man In Port Royal that can serve op
Clams in every style better than Mr. Fitzgerald, at the
Eagle Saloon, in rear of the Post Office.
“Tbere is Where the Laugh Comes In.”
My dear Ben we wish you a long file and a merry
one.
In addition to the above luxury, we famish as good
a meal as can be obtained at Hilton Head, or auy
other place In this Department.
CIVE US A CALL,
And we feel confident that you will leave our estab
lishment satisfied that whatever we advertise you
will flDd to be correct.
Do not forget onr old established house, in the rear
of Post Office.
, PETER FITZGERALD,
JCSO Proprietor.
OFFICIAL—BUREAU OF FREEDMEN.
WvR DEPARTMENT, ]
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmeu and Aband’nd Lands, >
WasMIhGTON. July 12,1186, )
Circular,)
No. 11. /
Jnstructio/is to Jsetetant and other
Officers.
Each Assistant Commissioner will be careful, In the
establishment of sub-districts, to have the offices of his
agent at some point easy of access for the people uC
tne >ub-di9tric\
He will have at least one agent, either a cltlnen,
military officer, or enlisted man. in each aubdl-tnct.
This agent must be thoroughly Instructed in his ou
ties. He will be furnished with the proper blaiiKs for
contracts, and will insti ute methods adequate to meet
the wants of his district lu accordance with the rules
ol this Bureau No fixed rates of wages will be pre
scribed lor a district but in order to regulate lair wages
ingivtn individual cases, the agent should have In
mind minimum rates for liis own guidance By care
ful inquiry as to the hire of an able-Dodied man when
the pay went to the master, he will have an approxi
mate test of the value of labor. He must of course
consider the entire change of circumstances, and bo
sui e that the laborer hasdue protection against avarice
and extortion. Wages had better be secured by alien
on the crops or land. Employers are do Ired to enter
Into written agreements with employees, setting lortii
stated Wages, or securing an interest In the land or
crop, or both. All such agreements will be approved
by the nearest agent, and a duplicate filed In his office,
lu case there should be no agent within reach, the
nearest postmaster will torward the duplicate of con
tracts direct to the Assistant Commissioner for tae
State.
Attention le specially called to section 4 of the law
establishing the Bnreau, with regai and to setting apart
land to “every male citizen, whether refugee or freed
man," &c., and lhe same arrangement Is recommend
ed when It can be effected, between private parties.
Already many farmers have rented lands to freeilmen
and reiugees This course is a recognition of the gen
eral principal In tbe law.
In order to enlorce the fulfillment of contracts on
both contracting parties, the Commissioner of the Bu
reau lays down no general rule—tne Assistant Com
missioner must use the privllegee and authority he
already has. Provost courts, military commissions,
local courts, when the freedmen und reidgees have
equal rights with other people, are open to his use. in
the great majority ol ca-es bis own arbitrament, or
that of his agent, or the settlement by referees, wil
be sufficient.
No Assistant Commissioner, or agent, Is authorised
to tolerate compulsory unpaid labor, except lor the
legal punishment of crime. Suffering may result to
some extent, but suffering is preferred to slavery, und
Is to some degree ihe necessaiy consequence of events.
In all actions tbe uflicer should never forget that no
substitute for slavery, like apprenticeship without
proper con-ent. or peonage, (i. e., either holding the
peuule by debt, or confining them, without consent,
to the laud by any system.] will be tolerated.
The Assistant Commissioner will designate one or
moreot his agents to act as the general superinten
dent of schools (one for each State] for reiugeos aud -
freedmen. This officer will work as much as possible
in conjunction with Mate officers who may have school
matters in charge. If a general system can be adopt
ed for a State, it Is well; but if not, he will at least
take cognizance of all that Is being done to educate
refugees and freedmen, secure proper protection to
schools aud teachers, promote method aud efficiency,
correspond with the benevolent agencies which uie
supply ing his field, and aid the Assistant Commission
er in malting his required reports.
burgeon C. W. Horner, Chief Medical Officer of the
Bureau, will have the general supervision ol medical
matters connected with refugees ana freedmen
’The Asrietaut Commissioners will Instruct their
medical officers, as they nave instructed other officers,
to make ihe medical department self-supporting us
lar as possible.
An public addresses of a character calculated to
create discontent are reprehensible; but tbe Assistant
Commissioner and his agents must explain, by con
stant recapitulation, the principle-, luwo, and regula
tions of tuis Bureau, to a i parties concerned, it is
recommended to the Assistan Corami-siouers to oruw
up iu writing a careiul summary to be pubiiciy und
privately read by agents throughout their respective
districts.
O O. HOWARD,
außTt Major General, Commissioner.