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t’c down to th lowest organ ,
I O l
tj .<'v ‘ . ■ ere t.i;,c.f<7 irj-- ri>oii
J I v > ‘ ii
v. k ‘..c i :< ‘i weak, n.tin ei* o< ii*c
r o trim unify.
In further r?ra'''s we
fr y-t • hr, if is ro", however,
C'• i• j )’ ■/. fr to go mo-e into
t: !, f.X'Opt 0 2 <* fi 2 e point.
■ - iri!'':"nc? o r forri n power
:v h-en exhibited in a'-ts
i. flagrant Lhi"fh flops
. ‘ •>/.*> have fin-d on and caj/u
---r l cur v. fled*, murdered one
< f cur cirzens, menaced our
to r.s an , imprelTni our laiincn.
Ki !in • in pi you triumph before
our rnoll important Cos n.nercial
deputy they hv/e blocked up
our trade an i bid a lawl.* £ defi
ance to cv'rr;, principle o. jaflice
and hu nanny. Why is not the
n.va! force of the caiion railed
foil) to avenge thele wrongs, to
chaflife thole those that commit
Vheii) ? This ii the cry of fcdcr
?.U(U from one end of the conti
nent to the other. It is in vain
tnu v.e are told that the legifla
lure of the urno i I) s not piaceu
i.i the (1 fpofltion of the povern
fn nt foi h a fore- ; me legifla
turc i* declared to be the hum
ble too! of the executive, and the
v.'aut of fi.c.h a force is repnf.n
teii as the lin ot the excutive.
1 ins is !ue topic to which we
flfkihe attentiunof the public.
16 :t thro due tint the ouns*
fion ro provide viiac is deemed
a:j i aqu ae naval force is to be
t'> rhe .( 0 r ilie executive ?
1 ... um may, wuh fl.mc p!;:u
---( n v urge uus charge; bur
ic. hbc.ui. i anno’ give car to
i v .tin. ut : >rfciung their refpedt
lor the tx< cuiive members of
their govern cut, ‘lliac the
il.f plus of John /d2 ns, w(r
y,j ; flj f, ft m his flu ‘y
and “mb;, flu uil con sider t e
i'tr ;i■.lent of t:;e United Stares
lUc f-iurec of all power is c%.
iiemdy natural j but it wou’d
,bc a lie oil th’- . reed proh ffr i
1/ the 17 nJs of i horrus Jt tier
s ‘a, who has made republican
p maples his study and guide,
->r u>> nent to confidcr tile
oudhon * a question that is de
j > u'.rnt exclolively on the Cori
i refs of die United States. The
president may recommend the
i b.tblilh icnt or increa.i- of <i
ravy ; but it teds alone witn
C'ongtefs to decide whether I'uch
dbibliihicent fliall be nude—the
number ol vefitis that /hall be
bunt, ana the fun of money
which Hull be appded to their
fuppoa. Sudi is the theory of
the government; anJ lot h
t ught to be its pr attic* , Sin h
is m truth its pia&ice. If there
irer was, a nun clothed with
high and commanding powers,
gtvmg him a v.tll influence over
publa: opinion, and by mean* ot
it, mi the councils of the coun
try, who has nude it rJigioufly
a pan o! his uty not to ltep o
ver t.ic lines aliigued him by th
conll tu;i( n arid the laws, taat
man is Ihomas Jclf ilon, u
nviv be confidently uihnned that
h* has in no i dance of any co. •
fcqu.iKe tretuhed upon the
powers >f other dcpartn.Ci'Ks, ji
l e . r tnneable on tiiiti tcoic, it
is -oc having h> Itudioufiy avoid
ed mil interference with the pow
ers ot the oth.r branches of the
-vemnutu, as to iwvc fceliu
trd to excrcife fume powers
v.. ch he might have affutnea
without the iealt ufisrpaiion.
i he f.*ct is that from the era
t f cue ado 4 tion of else conflict!-
uett, , lot from an ec.hwr date,
if has icon a matter of co.illat.i
• nfpu e, whether i: is the t.j*
in-ci it of the U. 3. to efublifh
“ navy. Ihn omentons ques
t on renv-ns to this fay und'.ci
ded. far it is ab'urd to Cuiill
tier or call the few vdlds w\
hive at prelent u.i the cci *n b\
uits naii.c.
On t!us point various opinions
l ave been aud Hill ate entertain
ci. A huge clais of cur citi
z .-: s arc aitogether eppufed to
the C.tacio.a oi aiiy naval torce
tinder a y utaJtn.atto.i whate
ver. A voth r chf? ae the
friend* if an e'lidcn: but
coiffi f.r J.I- vl ps at pref.fi? ti-
j k-n towards it pren v.re, A
| diT- 5 elc r s are w.il.ng lo far to
create a naval force as (hail be
;e r-fla-y to pier cl our por:<
’i<j harbors ; while a fourth
elafs, looking eventually to a
: ref;e<frabltr eftabbfhoien*, be
•ie/e i: wife and prudent gradu
al!” to increase our present force.
I• is extremely problems ical
whether the firft class of c tiz*nj
da no: conflitute a majority ofj
the people of the United States.
W.th the aw r ui example: of E.i
ran (iefor •* them, i. is net fu-pri
fing that they ft el a l.vely zver
fion to taking any liepi towards
th'd-- great eftablilhrwnts which
have led her r o me brink of ru
in. They believe that a navy
under any modification is a plus*
tic inftruimem in rh“ hand? of the
executive, enabling him at any
mo men; to involve !.ii country
in w3’ the fid.6l, cf which on
the gem rs! prolperitv and liber-!
ty they have re don to dread.-
They confider it the Lund poli
cy o the United State* to dl.ui
ntlh rather than increase our
points of collifltn with fereigi
powers, They viev. it as a
outre of vift augmer.n jg ex
jeoce, and of an appetiie lb v<j*
■v ous as to fkvallow up the
vliolc refourecs of the country
Ehcy believe confcVncioufl,,
h.ir f* far from administering to
he* solid strength and real rflory
fa nation, it is a gigantic mill
one on i’B growth. For the
uth of this convi&ion they sp
iral to the hillory of tijcir own
nation, and call upon any man
c fliew aiy odv*r, iha 1 : with th*
iii of a naval eflab'.fit nenc,
bts n en f) rapidly i.-j wealth and
lltength j
Ihe huflility of this cl * ( i oi I
ciizrns to a navy under any
oniifi utiort, derives (trvngch, /o
}.i- as rditts to the present ap*
pica-i;,n of means for ks eftahlilh
iiHnr, froin the luftrao* s oi tht
; e:otid class- of citizrn*, wh ) ron
lider all luch meafur-s as at this,
tifie prenatur.-. Os the third
chls, .1 large portion think vci.
hive pone far enough, and that,
iriftead of int re flng oor frig u .
or building flops of the In-, u is
moft polkicroerctft land birteiies
arid Duild a large no über o’
gun btja's. ‘I he other portion of
this clals are, i - is ir .e, in favo,
of aug nenting the pu nber o‘ our
ships, but no. ar piefcn tt anv
confidcrable extent. It is only
those who cocnpofe the fourth
clals that think it were repulariy
tn ugh gradually, to augment oor
pieient naval force. What pro
portion, in point of number*, tdis
cl. is bears to the ethers, it is
easy to d“terrnin*. The:e arc,
however, leveral circumstances
that favor ihe belief that lo far
f ro n being a majority, it com
prizes compara-ively but a
pa t of the whole community.
I . is may be inferred fro m the
acts of tiic legiflatiire, who, in
iteaJ oi devising any plan for thr
regular formation and increase of
an tvy, have only credited the
extihng fojce as temporary expe
dient agrinri; prefiing dangers,
and from the conftanc difpnfuion
‘r.a ufcft and by them to redu>
rather than to aug r.ent the tflab-
I sh ment. It hasonly beendurin*:
a p riod of W2rfare cr ierious
colli'ion with fo.tign pcwe r s
that the eflablifhmt at has rifenj
accordingly as l.jonast.ielecaufcs
have ceased, tl.e eftabliflnicnt
and appropriation of’.monies have
been reduced. L.et i: too be re
ime itbered that this is not th-.*
peculiar p .key U the republi
cans. lc has likewise bet n that
at 1! e fcdctaliits, whose examples
.Ir: republicans have perilled. It
was under th- adminillration of
l J refi lent A iaims,in;he year iSoi.
tltac the peace eftablilhn'.ent was
formed, by which i. was pro
vided, that the P cfl lent night
fell all the public vt lie Is except
mg ti-.irteeii fpecified frigates,
tha: cf Uicfe fix oniy fnould b
ttepc iu conftanc fur vice, not
iccv:ng, i.oAcvcr, attached to
cncr.r more than rwo-thirds ot
;hrir full complimsn: cf c(fleers
and lca nen.
The ’nfrten'e deduc/k froir ,
’his fta'emett, at,
1. That the creation of £
nowerf’ul n?vy is a qu-ftion ftiJl
fuk judice , rit decided by the na
tion or thei reprefentaLives.
2. That is not a political
question in vhich all the fedcral
ifts are of ctc opinion, and all
i the republicans of another—But
j 3. That is a question in which
j honed: men and all parties entert in
a diverflty ol opinion.
If his ftigment be in any wife
correct, th: eproaches cast upon
the exccucite on this topic are
equally purrrily and unfounded.
If blame attaches any where, it
is not to th’ Government Lu to
ihe nabon ;the public opinion is
| the culprir, which becorr.'S the
ch.vj.lrous ipirit of fcderaliim to
place und:r the ban of the
empire.
FOR SALE,
Low for CiSH or NEGROES,
valuable tnfts of
COTTON and RICE
LAND, in Lincon county Ca
rolina, bordering on the eilate
of Peter Porcher and Nicholas
Winkler, and Also, bordering
tn the et!ate of Abraham Stiob
hart, the final I trad containing
two hundred C? fifty-four acres.
The other containing four-hun
dred and ninety acres. For
errrs apply to Win. Barton in
Savannah, or John Remond in
South-Carolin.i.
BEN. CHEW.
July 2{ 95. 3t
NOTICE.
WHEREAS a certain trafl
of land of four hundred
arid thirty a<: r es,joining the Or
phan House Plantation, is adver
tised for fa!e by the Deputy She
riff of Cliathari Cointy, 1 vied
on as the property of Emanuel
Rengi *. Now this is to cau
tion ad persons agai .ft purcha
sing the laid tratff, as Emanuie
Ren 6 iil owns but one undivided
filth part of said land, (in right
of his wife.
NOBLE JONES.
Frelrica, May 17 ljz
SHEKIfKs SALiib.
WILL RE SOLD on ihe f.rji
Tuesday in ti tgufl next, at the
Ccirt-boufibetween tbt Lours
of to and $ o'clock,
fi Traft cf land containing
four hundred and thirty
aucs, be the lame more or lifs
(old iurvey) joining tlie south
pat: of th; Orphan H mfe plan
cation, well tkmbcrcd with pinr,
and a confidn able portion adap
t'd to thecul.ure of cotton and
piovifions, htving the advantage
of a good natigatto.) to this city.
Levied on as the property *f E
-iia,.uel Rcngill, at the suit of
Edward Lewis, pointed ou; by
ihe defendant.
PoJlpoKidfront July Salts’
H. W. Williams, t> s c c
July y 90
SHERIFF’S SAELS.
On the firjl Tuesday in Atgufl
next, will be fold at the Court
bone, in this d.y, htivetn the
b urs of to and 3 o'clock.
ALL that Lot of land in tne
city of S lvannah, known by the
iymb r five, third tything Rey
nolds warJ, con.aining 60 feet
in width, and 90 feet in depth,
wi.h the improvements thereon,
cv.ed on by virtue of an ex -
cuMun iflued agiinft Thomas
Dowall an ! Wife, rrp r ef nra
ttves cf John Haupt, deccafed at
cite fui: of Chrifttna Dalher.
A negro man named Dick
caken under execution to fitisfy
John Gromett, pointed out by
the plaintiff.
T. KobcrLlbn, see
July 7 g
ASbIZE tor July,
r l' , ttE. j.ncJ of FLOUR being nice doll J;
* per biiul, tir.ad iu.A vte.gh, VIZ.
i- ceu:- Loxf I C 1.4 centj Loaf
*.t>. 5 oz. I lib. : •-* 02.
Os wliicli z,, Il.ker* nod Sillers cf Breed
zre to tik* de tod pirticuiir notice.
J. MBRSH.IL, City Tiealurer.
Wan Ft UT
A Sfejot) U.ri t* ettesd a fnU s’h.lid
r.n4c’ ; .-v ctxVl* iflt;.- JJav *
in
pro'll ..S J\uiim<ind lrmther.
ON THE SYSTEM OF
GREAT-SUIT AIN.
“ The r.n-dtj% SyjLm r,j Finr.nct
long remain a monumert of u ondcr, act so
rr.nch on occo’ikl of the extent to vjhirb it
kat Iren car ruth, as cj the folly of bi Her ini
in it.”
l'aine on .he Dec’ir.e oru\ Fa’l r{ the Eng
hC; S) ftcx cf Finance.
THE national debt of Great Britain,
has reached iuc!i a (late of accutnuiatior
and ccrrplrsrty, E 5 s’aoil like ir.fini j
itfelf, to defy the ordinary powers of
calculation. When ar. eitiorate it n.ad.
of the continually encreaGng debt o.
Grea'-Bntain, the interest of this debt
and the charges of the Sinking Fun;’, the
annual exerfs of expenditure, the annual
loans obtained to make up the chrfcit of
revenue, the trillions which are facrifi=ed
to support the fplcndor of royal magnia
ctnee and the extraordinary experetr
caused by th.* continual w?rs in which
Great-Britain is engaged 7.1 h the ca
tioas of Europe ; it cannot be cot.cealed
that she is fdtf Epprosching that awful
Rate <f bankruptcy, to v’h'cli all her
tr.eafuees tnevhably tend. The Englilh
Syllem of Finance betrays so nuny!
fyrrptomn of dtcay, that it is impofiibie j
not to believe t u e nation is othtbe eve ol I
bankruptcy ; it has already rea< lied a ;
Rate of decrepitude, which ts the harb;n
gerof approaching diffoluticn. But it if
difficult to augur the death of an indivi i
dual, and rr.tich more so, the dsfloUrion
of a gove. nir.ent, with any degree of j
certainty. As even under the troth dreaj
ful fymploms ot disease, a man may
support life beyond the expt&aiiorm of
the m. ft fkilful phyCcian ; so may *
goversrntnt, which daily tends to ruin,
endure far beyond the calculation of ate
enemies, far beyocj the hopes of ice
friends.
On th- present complicated and iia
portanl fuljedl, l feel asyfelf compelled
in fotre meafurc, to exceed the limitt
v.hich 1 at firll proposed, for this efTay.
The situation cf Great-Britain a to
agriculture and commerce, ii* so important
and ia so blended with its Sytiem of
Finance, that I am constrained to make
fotre fe w obfervatior.a on it. Tbs fubjeft
is so interesting to every mind, that 1
need make no apology for the t'igreiScn,
For the fake of pr.-lerrir.g fame degree
of method, I will firft et quire, what is
the firft situation of Great. Britain as to
agriculture? Nxt to a;id
laftljr as to her Finance ?
I
Agriculture ia Great ‘Britain is l .t
little attended to. The poor, honest, in
duftrious peafar.t is esteemed atnon.'lt
the noli, infignincant of his ntajefty’s
fu! jefis. The number of acres contained
tn Great Britain, is eftiraated at tbcut
49 916 000, of which about oac fourth
i6 in cultivation, ad the rest in woods,
park**, pleasure grounds, See. The total
net produce of lands in Great Britain is
about £"0. 000,000 of which the land-1
lord takes /42 ; ooo,oco ; the govern,
ment in taxes and tythes 3,000,000,
and the iadigent, hard-lofouting pesunt*
ry, only. Thus the farmer
gets about one fourth of the produce
of land he cultivates, and thus Great-
Britain yearly importsprov.’fions, though
three fourths of the kingdom feaain
uncultivated.
Next as to commerce. The ftatemtnt
which was laid before the Eritith House
of Commons by the Chancellor of the
Exchequer, July xvb, 1804, contaiue
the following information—The official
value of Briti/h mnu.’afluret exported
from Great-Britain, was ou an average
of fix years, ending 5.11 January 1804,
834,420. The official value of
foreign merchandiae exported from Greai-
Britaia, was ou an average of fix jeara,
ending sth January
The sum to be r ifed in Great Britain,
to answer the current txpeuces of the
year 1804, amounted to 498,451,
! mo ft double the value of Britijh
manufa&ures and foreign merth ndife, x
ported f ‘om that kingdom in the fame
year. 1 make this impcieci ftatemtnt
of the agrieu’.tu al end ccmmercial fiiua
tuation of Great-Britain, because it ia
in many refpebts the moft interesting
cation in the world, and because fui h a
ilatemeut will throw Be: light oa the
iubjtd of this cllay.
I will now, agreeably to the method
which 1 propohd, uke s fiiort view of
the Englilh System of Finance From
the statement laid btfore the Britiffi
House of Commons by the Chaocellor of
the Exchequer, July 24th, 1804 which
was before alluded to, i: appears that
the total amount of the public funded
debt, on the ill February 1804, was
£583,008,578; that the sum annually
applicable lo the icducfi nos the debt
of Great-Britr.in, ia pu.fuance to the
leveral adls relating thereto, is about
t, 6,851, Cjt, about one third part ot the
unredeemed debt, cx'lt.ug in 1804,
1 *ut the interest of the public debt and
charges c.f the Sinking Fund, A;c. on
the sth of January, 1804, amounted to
£24110475, mire than three time,
the amount of the sum iutiual'y applied
to the reduefiou of the debt ; that the
current cxpcactt of the year 18c :.
amounted aa before Hated, to £7l 49b,
451, c sum tnoc than three tic.e. ttc
amount ot all tne exports from G'ret-
Br tain, ot her owu aracuGhurc, which
we law u.ijfr the rnriu oi eo-amcrcf, was
at £*3,8:9,420. Thai the
total set produc, of the permstt. ij*
ia .he j car cidirg sth ja; narr,
A,;. Am
.... i: r-f.A ‘ f ;br ;.—r.
’ -.rrk- up .he deficit r e*- - . *
j the above rrrMW” : ‘ ‘/
eXOetiCesrif the v * >•
l’ Wired cf £1 a-scc.r r r..
crr ,3*t for G ent-Britain .o ti e
of £2,500,000, &c.
In addition to this flf.ctxi
in the year ISO 4, br*'*’ - har ’
of ti e Exchequer, I will “>• ‘ ‘ n ‘
’ remarks v.hich Mr. Paint: mat-• >’
he fneaka of the Financial S ! ‘•* m
Gtext-Uritain. treaiife r * “
in th - year ‘ofi. The author it..
-* t v, g . time taxea .-mounted t<> co—
biy mere then the go ! d End filter
was the cu*r n. coin of th: con • -y
There is a certain vrh’ch ey t.
tween the power cr levying tax
the quantity of gold rad ltlver c ’ • •
in ary country, provided there
circulation ol paper moil : > 11 u 1
Mr. l'aine, *• before paper _*"• V ‘” J
introduced into GrCat-Briutn, 1 -
barn the Third’; time, t-.r f
exceeded 4,coo.oocftevliog; t • .u j
cf com tn the kingdom, v ‘ l 4
time £16,000,000. Eeforeh.-i -ofi -
tioii of paper tueney mto F- < , * s
never exceed-d /22 oco cq.’t he * -i
and filvr-r of tl.ee untry w- h.r* -t
£92,000,000 lterl.ng ” 1 tt s t
; never exceed one four h : t I
i and fi.lver which supp 1 ’ *r ‘he .. .1
[of any country, provided >
, paorr currency. Should vv :
tlr’s standard (r ( ” iexec: n
na r ion, we (liourd pr h
- the taxe* imposed by .or ■
i lea ft and u'.le the void sir..: ‘ 1
; kingdom. How this lo •
fr, but bv attributing “
Syftetn of Fioance, wlr.r
adopted in Engl, ud and
■’.nd c.*’.f'quer.t abuse of
;At ‘eac are n-w pai •. (-
n bask note# or in goverr -n.
(for bank ootes, the
paper; this anay he lev-eel
amount. There i. no :nr *
of Lank notes which r ‘
conlequ r.tly there no
power of payin'.’ tares. T'*"v !>•.
weight which bears wn ‘ ll;
poorer claftcs of p- op: in En
This explains to us, why g-7
aiiEually impofea at: xof fihe...
oil erery man, wouisr and ( * : :
kingdom, aai of one bondrsd dofi’.
eve;y family. Such is the picture
Great B staia exhibits as to he
mercc, her agticultu'e her .> v(’
Finance, and her exte.fi •' p*
taxation.
The fy .1 cm o f finance w! ; eh h a
adopted by Great Britain, msy i.c
ed in ftveral and ft.rtnl lights, .
rtfting to the enq'iiring mind. B
numerate all its evils would be in; o’
within the limits of a fhorl uTay. 1 -
content mylcif with pointing out - :
more conlptciouß than the rest.
First. Ttrc Financial fyltem of O
Britain, tends to create :-.n • lup,
acmerous class of idle and profi.ga r
men, who live *ri fplendour whhou d
lov.ing the purfu ts of industry .
cajoy the luxuries of life without i,• -
viug their fuppott from ggriennu. .
manufeCturos or the art3 ; they !rv- , u
the exigencies aud distresses **i
mest j tirey form a baud of gr civ f.e
curators, who prey upon the v;Uia or to
citty.
3 idly. In Great Britain, th ru h'-*
been bro’t about a forced and uiv.atu
union between the government and c
banking system. To my mind the u
uett on between governments and > ,
isnotlefs odious tbfcii the well s . n
union of church and ftite. A r ~*t
may aA ia three d'ifcreni cha.aAc s a
as bank of deposit, as a bank t cificouat,
and as a banker to governtmn The
benefits refulttng from a banL, v k-n it
acts ia the two firft capacities, rc tin.
qneitiouable. It is in :t kift tharactu”
of a banker to government, that us ope
rations ire u-oit :o De dreaded. Tara
iu3uipiciou uni-'c difpl-ys itfelf by a
continual and iiulitnii-ed increase of piper
money ; that is, bank notes, navy and
exchequer Lnila, etc. ae it England. Th.*
myftmous coouectioa blent*.the govern.
meat aud the brnk in one raids Tt:s
fat.e of the one becomes the t. ’. cf the
other; in ill ‘natters of credit .By t
tlie fame ; the bank paper bt
goverciacat-paper, u,j uo i*ot,. n:.
ijaner ever caa retain anr vab.g
grdly. Lctujco'ti ‘.he acctl* ‘
velocity with which t nation
increases. There hr.s Deeu di
and accurately applied, ty M *•
in uii treatiic on the Englilh iy ot : ‘
Finance, a common rs: iu, wh h ■
certain arirhmeticahy tne amour.. re
national debt at the end c.f every .
d.ng war. It i< in tfi. ie us of or It
upon t'2icb preceding m'.er, th: a
S, i2, tS, 27, 40, pnlyß™ tfik
ratio to tht hit fix vv . 4 at he t ra- of
v.r;ting his treatise, Mr. Faoe ..as 1. un:
the following reful :
Fn-ft Table.
Abotinr al TANARUS). r \
1 2I .O O GC.v>
> j 3 sg.OCO.OC I
** ! 3 4*>oao,cc.v
I 4 7*000,000
I 5 I’ S.occ cco
M | <5 162,00c.0c0
The refait of which firft table exactly
corresponds with the ccccunt vise , by
Austn bm tn, tn h's chij'trr cr. pub c
j credit, of ihe expeace of each wc.r aiiuj
led to. Ia a fccond ttb'c Air Paine cA•
|cu r.tes wlrat w.il be tie txpearc vd tfre
6 ctxt wars, after the ‘:a'u or a; > h:s
pae phlrt aad the i.-cre-if* of tk
v... . a,.; t- it", t