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fjruial (here in rhe fovcrcignty 1 Ti'*s pco-’
pie ace allowed a Jl.-are % which plainly implies
but a { leaving the refidum to be exerci
sed by another organ ; and it w.H be rernaik
ed that th s refidum is to be excrcifed by
thole who der.ve their authority neither from
the people fl coT £Hvtly or by reprefentationk
11 not derive 1 from this fcurce, it mud be
rot either by fraud or force ; in other words,
irs tenure tv. est: be ifturparion in its origin,
and violence in i;s pro.railed duration.
After an encomium on the mixture of three
powers and a denunciation of a firnple SyHen.
of governn cmr, her. Adams fays:
44 Kings have been drpofed bv afpuing no-
Lies.”— <c True, and never by ;*py other.”—
‘i iA is not true —\ as Toms the i6tn de
posed hy aspiring nobles? No, he was de*
posed by ti.e people. Such has been the
case with other tyrants. Tie abhorrence of
the nation has destroyed them, and not the
power ci the nobles. i .;e nobles have been
made the inftrumer.ts, but tiiey have nor
been the caulr. Their names may alone ap
pear on the page of hi dory, but the c£i has
flowed from the vengeance of an o; prehed
people.
44 These,” (the nobles) fiys the corref
poridentof Mr, Adams, 14 have waved ever
lasting war apa nil the common rights ci
roan.”'—Mr. Adams retdics— 44 True, \vhen
t’ y have bevn t cflelk j of the fumma im
pel i in one body, without a check. So
have the plebeians* —So hive the fee [I:.
1 tils is not true. — Our own evidence has
taught us a different comlufion. —Here the
whole fovercLn power resides in the people.
It is exercifrd txcluflvely by themselves, or
by agents who ft power is revoke dole by them.
Yet have they waged war age Li ft the common
rights of man? They have cuAed the am
bition of bad rulers, tiny have quietly dif
ivj?T"J them from their feats of power ; and
if Mr. Adams confiders this as waging ever
] a fling war again!! the common tights of
man i if he really confider his right to ex
clusive and interm.i: ibie government as fvn
ominous v/th the common rights of man ;
he may make the declaration with ibme fem
blancc of truth, but not o:dierwile.
f “ Put,” fays he, <c cn the other hand, the
voiles have been effcntial parties in the pre
feivati nos liberty, whenever, and where
ever it has txiftedfl’
Now,reader,what do you think is meant by
relies? 44 Not peculiarly an hereditary no
bility, or any particular modification, but
the natural ariftocrucy among mankind.”—
Thus it appears that mules is the term to be
defined, and it is done by designating it the
natural and actual aristocracy. Have we pro
grefied a (ingle Hep towards truth ? So far
from this, we are bewildered by new difiicul*
tics. Ir there be luch a thing as a natural
c.nl actual drijlocracy it mu if con fill in talent,
in wealth, or in virtue. Now can we con
ceive of any (late of society, or modification
o! government, in which tilde have not,
not only a great, but an exekifive influence ?
live not they in all countries, and under ail
ci ecu m (lances, been the ingredients of pow
er, and do they not as efledlualiy belong to
that power under a democratic, as under an
anftocradc form ? Js it not, therefore, on
the lu! je*(sl of government, absurd to talk
of a natural r.riftocracy, as distinguished from
a natural democracy, cr any other modifica
tion of power ?
But Mr. Adams deceived himfe'f by the,
Life at these terms, or intended to deceive
his readers. The rat nr ad ari (toe racy, to
which he treats, has no ex Hie n re, and the
plirafe is only a cover for that artificial arifto
tracy wh en is the offspring of convention,
of fraud or of force.
The remarks on the four noble
Boften, are too trifling to pass a Angle
nient cn. Let them pass away as the phan
tafles of a political deiiiium.
4< The love of liberty,” you fav, <c is in
terwoven in the foul of man.”— 44 So it is,
according to La Fontaine, in that of a wolf,
and I doubt whether it be much more ration
al, generous, or fori a i in one than in the
other, until in man it is enlightened by ex
perience, refleclion, education, and civil and
political infti tu c :ons, which are fir ft produced
chu~ ii, Snih* iy j pi/. ♦i cl by a fe ccg t ha / is iy tise
-.ml } j: fv >*
/. . l.: y,
44 Liberty is firfb produced by the nobili-j
tv 1” ’1 he nobility are nen ot eminent ta- j
lent, wealth, or virtue, who are never con-1
tented with the enjoyment of an equal Lure
ot power, but always in purlint of an indue
portion of it. if they fail in the pursuit, it
would be absurd to lay that liberty is full
produced by them, ur.ltfts it be by defeat of
their pernicious attempts, which would ren
der them objects of contempt instead of en
comium. And if they fuccecd, then indeed
the liberty ot doing themselves what they
please is find produced, but net until it flash
pretlrace i the liberty of the people. This,!
tneictore, is the idea which the writer enter- 1
tains ol Liberty, which in an unenlightened
man is compared to the ferocity of a wolf,
and which only bcc'Jm-s rational when mar.
s enlightened by experience, reflection and
and this illumination, according
to Mr. Adams, constitutes anflocracv.
Liberty, being the fir ft produced, is ts con
flandy Ibp'-orted and improved bv the nobili
ty !’* How r Bv the extenflon of their pow
er, and by the depression c-f the people. For
the fame irot.vrs th. c originady urged the
nobles to the attainment of a : wger portion
of power than fills to the (Imre of each man,
v.’i i and does inevitably lead so the druggie
for mere.’ This it : evident that the less
power the ire .plr, and ihc more power the
nobles roilHL the greater is the enjoyment
* J A ‘ *
and im 1 5 ro ve n;c ntofi ioc y.
[ExtraF from a pamphlet Ltely pubuLed in
Conniclient, entitled 44 Frcofs of a con
s iraev, agair.il ckriftianuy, and the go
vtrim <nt of the Unite i States cxliibitedi
in ilvTral views of the union of church
and flue in New-England,” By’ Abra
ham Bishop.]
Ik derakfin pe(Ted ly name among
the Jews and C u’k lies, but has been in eve
ry age and nation the fame combination of
pafiions, operating againfc the civil and re
ligious intereds of mankind —and has ab
ways been round in an union of church an\i
Late i has a! a ays pretended to great zeal for
the crude of God and tlm good of man , but
has a! wavs berraved bothbethe leaves of hi Lo
ry are full cf falls, exhibiting this treachery.
to do honor to God and to ad
# . _
vance the i lire re! Is or their nation, the Jew
ish piicLs perlecuted, and the Jewifla rulers
crucified the Saviour, amidit the shouts of a
; deluded multitude. Pretending to great zeal
for the fame objefb, the Catholics offered
him up again as a fieri flee to human pride,
robbed his bed friends of their treafire, in
ore'er to decorate the p daces, where they af~
feifled to worfliip birr, flaughtcred or dimi
uiihed his moL faithful followers—and efla
blifhed a religion of church and Late, in
vvhi( h the crucifix and the altar had the tiu
dow, but the :elf-Ailed vicar cf God on
eartli enjoyed the iubfrance cf earthly ho
mage. The fame has been true of all the
monarchies in Europe. The attention cm
never Le arreftrd by any Her.es of ex ten five
onpreflion or carnage, without hearing, lou
der than the cries of the vidums, the proses-
Hons of the oppreLbrs and tormentors ;n fa
vor of benevolence, order and religion. The
pa Li on sos man have made this an unhappy
wo id'.!, and vice derives its greatcL force,
not from tlie number of its votaries, but
from its c.ioacitv of depraving the hearts and
aiTociating the interell of powerful combina
tions or rnen. Were lto prove the depravity
ot toe Jevvifla or Romifli ft Lems, 1 would
not Ho this by (liewing the private characters
of Herod, Pilate, Leo, or any of the car
dinals or ihquifltoi's j but by (hewing that
the pafflons of the rulers had more afeenden
cv than real principle and true religion. The
public characters of those men would serve
as mere cxep.ipliricarions of the fa£l.
In exhibiting the depravity of federal;An
here, I do not rdy on the zeal of Mr. A
dams for monarchy, intolerance and efla-
Liifliment—-nor on Mr. Pickering's negjeCl
to account for appropriated monies—nor on
Mr. Hamilton's amours.—Were the catife
originally good, the indiferetion of indivi
duals could not have made it otherwise. Its
depravity conflits in its having aflumed ail the
maxims, and adopted all the practices, which
are calculated to ruin man; in its having ta
ken the ground, from which the religion and
rights of mankind have Jaeen always fatally
annoyed—in its having aflbeiated church and
Late, and directed ghat alibciation to political
objedls. Our Backefes and Huntingtons
might have preached politics, our Lymans
circulated Ganders, our Dwights, Robinson
and. Barn el, our Daggetts and Aliens, pro
femons of faith—and federalifm yet continu
ed to deserve well, provided it had contained
the heavenly principles, which (peak peace
and good will to man. Schemes cf wild am
bition, falle alarms of national danger, re
ports ci conspiracy, and .hubs ot Mr. Jet
ferfon might have ’pa(Ted before the frowning
eve of an imlignant public, leaving no other
impreulon than that heaven had luLered evils
in the political as in the moral world, to try
the vircue of man. The general lentiment
of men to honor God and to be free, would
have driven into obieunty ail conspirators
against their ir.- ereLs, whatever plauLbie cha
racters they night have aiTumed. In an or
dinary Lace of the public mind, men would
not have rolerated lermons, inculcating hatred
and ma ke, —nor prayers giving publicity to
nev\Jpaoer Lander, nor praccicai lnlideli to
alarm tUe citurch, nor monarch ids to rule
the nation, nor old tories to guide elections.
Ihe mao:ufs anil cunning ot church and
flare has done all t’ is. Church and Late has
taught t ie bieLedneis ot a national debt, and
has it rained every nerve to make this ble-Ted
neis eternal. Church and Late bas taug!;t
“ tnuc the linger ot heaven points ro war,”
janu that i:s right to be vindi&ive
and to ar \ in the cause of cotton and indigo
;to fight their way through barbarous na
tions to the land of wine and oil-—and to
I flied human bl- od in order to acquire rapidly
|that portion of national wealth, v!i ic h iud-
I den’v produces ariflocracies —certainly de
! Grows ’dig.on —always demoralizes man, &
diforginiz.es a republic.— Ihe man, who
makes a few thousands of men rich to feeure
them in favor 0 f himfelf, and his political
fehemes, at the expence of men who railed
him, and cf the principles which he proieiT
ed, in order to gain power, may call himfelf
federal.L, chrillian, honed man, and may
imprison those who doubt it : Church 2nd
Late wili fuilain him, for he has acted cou
fi flen 11 yvvi t h f!i ei r max in: •:.
The paL pages have been devoted to (hew
ing the poflibilitv and the probability of a
church ami Late union here —the resemblance
of this to for r.er unions—- the federal com
plexion cf the uniouifls —and throughout the
whole, the portion of violent dcllruFtive
paflions, which diftinguilh this union. Pre
vious to (hewing their conspiracies againfi
cln illianity and the government of the United
Stan*, it was necefifary to iciivier it probable
tiiac they would thus conspire.
The ureat periods of the rife and check of
that fyLem ot pahions, which is now deno
minated federalifm, are marked with analo
gous fids. The carlieft hiiiory of man pre
icTits him os H i ting up his pafiions against the
known law of ids Maker—-from this moment
there was a constant contcft between duty and
wili—divine precept and human pride ; till
ar length the pafflons gained their cr ins and
rhe dduge overwhelmed them. After this
they gradually gained, entwining themselves
about the moral a fid ceremonial law, and
ner verting both, * ill their crisis, was difeo
vered in the total lubjeaion oc man to numan
inventions, and his tou; rebellion against his
Maker. Th. Saviour's advent was alone
equal to meet this critis. He convicted the
priests and rulers of tficir impostors, and de
feated rhciit on their LrongcL ground. Bur
after his afc'enfion, thefepafiions rallied again
—ftized the very religionjwhith he had found
ed, and in the course of fifteen centuries ren
derea their management of it the greatest
of all cuifes to mankind. This crilis was
met by the reformation ; but the season had
not arrived for tlie Prince of neace to take
up his great power —-the pafflons called again
their forces, Fixed the protestant religion,
and in the name of it took pofifeflion of the
thrones, cabinets and wealth of protestant
Europe. ‘Our anccftors met this crisis by the
lettlement of tills country. The pafiions,
never weary, seized on the Puritanifm*—on
the religious zeal—on the perfect!cions, and
even wants of our anccftors, and in them
ellablifncd a dominion, which met its over
throw in in our revolution ; and then ic was
ardently and exrenfivt ly hoped that rational,
civil and religious liberty was to prevail :
But, after the dole of a moft diftrefling- war,
taefe (uotle, Lclulous pafiions seized on the
very ardors or the contcft, and even on the
name of our illustrious \Va(hington, and
converted them, as they ever before had con
verted the bell of things to the wotft of pur
poses. Here the pafiions played their deep
est and dcadlieft game—they literally played
earth in the name of heaven. From the
poor soldier, who had nor, they took away
that which he seemed to have. To the abun
dance of the rich they added tenfold from
the earning of the distressed. To adulterers
—to the proud —to thole who despised our
cause, they offered honors and*power:—To
the murderers of pur brethren by thousands,
they tendered the olive-branch :—To ous
deliverers from British tyranny, famine and
the (word—against the poor natives, they fen:
an army to enforee our divine right to more
land than we wanted : Against fome of our
brethren, who were severely taxed by indi
gence, they Lr.t a military force to teach the
liberal policy of excise, though our old Con
gress hah declared it to be the abhorrence cf
and free people. Tiiey rafted a (landing army
—imprisoned republicans—restrained the
Iprels— and fuzed several of the altars—and
‘to crown these impo fit ions, fome priefis, who
love greetings, in the market, cried out,
4 Whoso hath any gold,let him break it off f
so multitudes brought their treasures, and
these modern Aarons, cast them calves, and
said, lo ! these are the gods which led you
through the revolution—whereas several of
them were born since that date and the re
painder are madly old tories.
From the sbuflve spirit and intolerance of
che human pafiions in the last administration,
roe elecl on of Brefident JefFerfon has re
deemed you—and now these pafiions wdj en
deavour to create jea.oufies among you, to
divide the men, in whom you trull, they will
even afreet to jOve your cauie-“--whcy win ta<ce
your religion, your spirit cf economy and
.our love ot equal rights, and in toe name
of every thing dear to you will aim to re
place themselves in power. Not one of the
arts, which have been before Hccdsfu! wist
be omitted, and your strongest againft
hem is a knowledge of their characters and
intentions.
SPEECH .
Cf Sir Francis Burdett, hi tv: Houfi of
Commons % slpril lon the motion for\
an enquiry into the co: Jit cl 0/ Mr.
Ph:l ‘s AJmnilftr at ion .
C included from the la ft pay:.,
Britain and Ireland to (landforward at length
in defence of the rights of the people w
large. This is their natural polirion, the poll
ofinterefl: as well as honor: and let us all,
before it becomes toolate, fee n'xmt reformin ?
thofeabufes. which disgust the country and
weigh the people to the earth. Confiderour
ne>x war with France will probably be carri
ed on in Grcat-Britain; and if you wdh fir
energy,you mu ft nor be outof withdemoi racy,
if you want /irtue, you mu ft give it motives.
If you want p.itrio;ifm, you must afibr-d a
Patria, by a fair government embracing
and taking in the people, by rc
(toring to the people their r.edits, ned giv
ing tliem security for their enjoyment, by a
ta*r rt prekTMtio.u in this house. by
uniting all ciaiTLi in one common inrereft.
von may defy tine power of France, aggr.in*
diled as Lie is, or of the world, could it ba
placed in one gian‘ arm. And what is
mere, you may dTy wicked, corrupt & pro
fligate minillers*
Sir, I jrn only an humble im taror of the
right honorable gentleman ; 1 follow the
condufl lie pursued at the end of tliu Ameri
can war.
IBs advice to the nation at the end of
that war was wile ; and had it been followed,
would have prevented the calamities of this.
I now require, on the part of the people,
that just ice which lie tlwn demanded. 1 de
mand enquiry, in order that punishment
ihould follow guilt, as an example to minis
ters hereafter, and as the necellary step to re
form, which can alone lccme the people in
future.
Sir, I have now performed my duty to the
people, totheutmoft of my power; and I
have only to lay, that if, after a war the moft
burthenfome, bloody and calamitous, this
country was ever engaged in, ending in a
peace, which places it in a fnuation critical
and perilous beyond ail former example ; if,
after the rnoft flagrant and daring violations
of the laws and constitution, no enquiry shall
be granted into the conduct of those who
have been entrufled with tiie administration;
I (hall indeed believe, that the destines of
France, (a term muchufcdof hue in the house)
do lead that country to universal empire, and
this to be enfiaved and destroyed by a let of
the moft rash, wicked and unwise men that
ever were enirulted with the affairs cf a great
nation.
The honorable baronet then concluded
with moving :
4f That the house do now resolve itfelf in
to a committee of the whole to enquire into
the conduct of the late administration, both,
at home and abroad, during the ward*
Mr. Sturt seconded the motion.
The motion was oppufed by lord Temple,
who observed that the ll -eech of the honora
ble baronet, was the moft extraordinary he
had ever heard, in which there was more af
lumption and left argument than in any that
had ever been delivered in the wails of the
house of parliament *, and ic mght be well
Hi iced to a tavern audience, as containing
rounded periods, bold epithet?, lofty declama
tion?, battfies and imprisonment.
On division of the house, there appeared
for the motion 39. Against 1:240. Majo
rity 201.
In OTIC E.
n
AT UR D AY th’ Jecond day cf Odder being
the day appointed by law far the Eletlisn offiruftees
of the libraryJociay of Savannah the members of
that society arersquejled to meet at ten o'clock at the
filature for the purpose of electing/even Trustees
fir the enfui:ig year all those who wifi to become
fubjeribers are rep Hefted to attend at the Jaid
place and all the members are fell cited to be punc
tual in their attendance.
N. IV. JONES. 1
Ms£l THR IVMe dL LIS TER . \ ~
rr .nr no tj 1 and ‘° ? i. ru•..ees
Cll/ill i_jL.S HARR id.
A, COILOCH. j
September, n, V
Will be exchanged f or,
NEGROES.
A TRACT or LAND, about three huaJred
Jp\_ acres : cne hundred as prime cotton land as
inv in Georgia, aiid situation equal to ny in the
date: with a deeding and out-nou:es,
immediately on the faits.
For particula , spp’y
WILLIAMSON h MOREL.
September 10, L a.
