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fjruial (here in rhe fovcrcignty 1 Ti'*s pco-’ pie ace allowed a Jl.-are % which plainly implies but a { leaving the refidum to be exerci sed by another organ ; and it w.H be rernaik ed that th s refidum is to be excrcifed by thole who der.ve their authority neither from the people fl coT £Hvtly or by reprefentationk 11 not derive 1 from this fcurce, it mud be rot either by fraud or force ; in other words, irs tenure tv. est: be ifturparion in its origin, and violence in i;s pro.railed duration. After an encomium on the mixture of three powers and a denunciation of a firnple SyHen. of governn cmr, her. Adams fays: 44 Kings have been drpofed bv afpuing no- Lies.”— <c True, and never by ;*py other.”— ‘i iA is not true —\ as Toms the i6tn de posed hy aspiring nobles? No, he was de* posed by ti.e people. Such has been the case with other tyrants. Tie abhorrence of the nation has destroyed them, and not the power ci the nobles. i .;e nobles have been made the inftrumer.ts, but tiiey have nor been the caulr. Their names may alone ap pear on the page of hi dory, but the c£i has flowed from the vengeance of an o; prehed people. 44 These,” (the nobles) fiys the corref poridentof Mr, Adams, 14 have waved ever lasting war apa nil the common rights ci roan.”'—Mr. Adams retdics— 44 True, \vhen t’ y have bevn t cflelk j of the fumma im pel i in one body, without a check. So have the plebeians* —So hive the fee [I:. 1 tils is not true. — Our own evidence has taught us a different comlufion. —Here the whole fovercLn power resides in the people. It is exercifrd txcluflvely by themselves, or by agents who ft power is revoke dole by them. Yet have they waged war age Li ft the common rights of man? They have cuAed the am bition of bad rulers, tiny have quietly dif ivj?T"J them from their feats of power ; and if Mr. Adams confiders this as waging ever ] a fling war again!! the common tights of man i if he really confider his right to ex clusive and interm.i: ibie government as fvn ominous v/th the common rights of man ; he may make the declaration with ibme fem blancc of truth, but not o:dierwile. f “ Put,” fays he, <c cn the other hand, the voiles have been effcntial parties in the pre feivati nos liberty, whenever, and where ever it has txiftedfl’ Now,reader,what do you think is meant by relies? 44 Not peculiarly an hereditary no bility, or any particular modification, but the natural ariftocrucy among mankind.”— Thus it appears that mules is the term to be defined, and it is done by designating it the natural and actual aristocracy. Have we pro grefied a (ingle Hep towards truth ? So far from this, we are bewildered by new difiicul* tics. Ir there be luch a thing as a natural c.nl actual drijlocracy it mu if con fill in talent, in wealth, or in virtue. Now can we con ceive of any (late of society, or modification o! government, in which tilde have not, not only a great, but an exekifive influence ? live not they in all countries, and under ail ci ecu m (lances, been the ingredients of pow er, and do they not as efledlualiy belong to that power under a democratic, as under an anftocradc form ? Js it not, therefore, on the lu! je*(sl of government, absurd to talk of a natural r.riftocracy, as distinguished from a natural democracy, cr any other modifica tion of power ? But Mr. Adams deceived himfe'f by the, Life at these terms, or intended to deceive his readers. The rat nr ad ari (toe racy, to which he treats, has no ex Hie n re, and the plirafe is only a cover for that artificial arifto tracy wh en is the offspring of convention, of fraud or of force. The remarks on the four noble Boften, are too trifling to pass a Angle nient cn. Let them pass away as the phan tafles of a political deiiiium. 4< The love of liberty,” you fav, <c is in terwoven in the foul of man.”— 44 So it is, according to La Fontaine, in that of a wolf, and I doubt whether it be much more ration al, generous, or fori a i in one than in the other, until in man it is enlightened by ex perience, refleclion, education, and civil and political infti tu c :ons, which are fir ft produced chu~ ii, Snih* iy j pi/. ♦i cl by a fe ccg t ha / is iy tise -.ml } j: fv >* /. . l.: y, 44 Liberty is firfb produced by the nobili-j tv 1” ’1 he nobility are nen ot eminent ta- j lent, wealth, or virtue, who are never con-1 tented with the enjoyment of an equal Lure ot power, but always in purlint of an indue portion of it. if they fail in the pursuit, it would be absurd to lay that liberty is full produced by them, ur.ltfts it be by defeat of their pernicious attempts, which would ren der them objects of contempt instead of en comium. And if they fuccecd, then indeed the liberty ot doing themselves what they please is find produced, but net until it flash pretlrace i the liberty of the people. This,! tneictore, is the idea which the writer enter- 1 tains ol Liberty, which in an unenlightened man is compared to the ferocity of a wolf, and which only bcc'Jm-s rational when mar. s enlightened by experience, reflection and and this illumination, according to Mr. Adams, constitutes anflocracv. Liberty, being the fir ft produced, is ts con flandy Ibp'-orted and improved bv the nobili ty !’* How r Bv the extenflon of their pow er, and by the depression c-f the people. For the fame irot.vrs th. c originady urged the nobles to the attainment of a : wger portion of power than fills to the (Imre of each man, v.’i i and does inevitably lead so the druggie for mere.’ This it : evident that the less power the ire .plr, and ihc more power the nobles roilHL the greater is the enjoyment * J A ‘ * and im 1 5 ro ve n;c ntofi ioc y. [ExtraF from a pamphlet Ltely pubuLed in Conniclient, entitled 44 Frcofs of a con s iraev, agair.il ckriftianuy, and the go vtrim <nt of the Unite i States cxliibitedi in ilvTral views of the union of church and flue in New-England,” By’ Abra ham Bishop.] Ik derakfin pe(Ted ly name among the Jews and C u’k lies, but has been in eve ry age and nation the fame combination of pafiions, operating againfc the civil and re ligious intereds of mankind —and has ab ways been round in an union of church an\i Late i has a! a ays pretended to great zeal for the crude of God and tlm good of man , but has a! wavs berraved bothbethe leaves of hi Lo ry are full cf falls, exhibiting this treachery. to do honor to God and to ad # . _ vance the i lire re! Is or their nation, the Jew ish piicLs perlecuted, and the Jewifla rulers crucified the Saviour, amidit the shouts of a ; deluded multitude. Pretending to great zeal for the fame objefb, the Catholics offered him up again as a fieri flee to human pride, robbed his bed friends of their treafire, in ore'er to decorate the p daces, where they af~ feifled to worfliip birr, flaughtcred or dimi uiihed his moL faithful followers—and efla blifhed a religion of church and Late, in vvhi( h the crucifix and the altar had the tiu dow, but the :elf-Ailed vicar cf God on eartli enjoyed the iubfrance cf earthly ho mage. The fame has been true of all the monarchies in Europe. The attention cm never Le arreftrd by any Her.es of ex ten five onpreflion or carnage, without hearing, lou der than the cries of the vidums, the proses- Hons of the oppreLbrs and tormentors ;n fa vor of benevolence, order and religion. The pa Li on sos man have made this an unhappy wo id'.!, and vice derives its greatcL force, not from tlie number of its votaries, but from its c.ioacitv of depraving the hearts and aiTociating the interell of powerful combina tions or rnen. Were lto prove the depravity ot toe Jevvifla or Romifli ft Lems, 1 would not Ho this by (liewing the private characters of Herod, Pilate, Leo, or any of the car dinals or ihquifltoi's j but by (hewing that the pafflons of the rulers had more afeenden cv than real principle and true religion. The public characters of those men would serve as mere cxep.ipliricarions of the fa£l. In exhibiting the depravity of federal;An here, I do not rdy on the zeal of Mr. A dams for monarchy, intolerance and efla- Liifliment—-nor on Mr. Pickering's negjeCl to account for appropriated monies—nor on Mr. Hamilton's amours.—Were the catife originally good, the indiferetion of indivi duals could not have made it otherwise. Its depravity conflits in its having aflumed ail the maxims, and adopted all the practices, which are calculated to ruin man; in its having ta ken the ground, from which the religion and rights of mankind have Jaeen always fatally annoyed—in its having aflbeiated church and Late, and directed ghat alibciation to political objedls. Our Backefes and Huntingtons might have preached politics, our Lymans circulated Ganders, our Dwights, Robinson and. Barn el, our Daggetts and Aliens, pro femons of faith—and federalifm yet continu ed to deserve well, provided it had contained the heavenly principles, which (peak peace and good will to man. Schemes cf wild am bition, falle alarms of national danger, re ports ci conspiracy, and .hubs ot Mr. Jet ferfon might have ’pa(Ted before the frowning eve of an imlignant public, leaving no other impreulon than that heaven had luLered evils in the political as in the moral world, to try the vircue of man. The general lentiment of men to honor God and to be free, would have driven into obieunty ail conspirators against their ir.- ereLs, whatever plauLbie cha racters they night have aiTumed. In an or dinary Lace of the public mind, men would not have rolerated lermons, inculcating hatred and ma ke, —nor prayers giving publicity to nev\Jpaoer Lander, nor praccicai lnlideli to alarm tUe citurch, nor monarch ids to rule the nation, nor old tories to guide elections. Ihe mao:ufs anil cunning ot church and flare has done all t’ is. Church and Late has taught t ie bieLedneis ot a national debt, and has it rained every nerve to make this ble-Ted neis eternal. Church and Late bas taug!;t “ tnuc the linger ot heaven points ro war,” janu that i:s right to be vindi&ive and to ar \ in the cause of cotton and indigo ;to fight their way through barbarous na tions to the land of wine and oil-—and to I flied human bl- od in order to acquire rapidly |that portion of national wealth, v!i ic h iud- I den’v produces ariflocracies —certainly de ! Grows ’dig.on —always demoralizes man, & diforginiz.es a republic.— Ihe man, who makes a few thousands of men rich to feeure them in favor 0 f himfelf, and his political fehemes, at the expence of men who railed him, and cf the principles which he proieiT ed, in order to gain power, may call himfelf federal.L, chrillian, honed man, and may imprison those who doubt it : Church 2nd Late wili fuilain him, for he has acted cou fi flen 11 yvvi t h f!i ei r max in: •:. The paL pages have been devoted to (hew ing the poflibilitv and the probability of a church ami Late union here —the resemblance of this to for r.er unions—- the federal com plexion cf the uniouifls —and throughout the whole, the portion of violent dcllruFtive paflions, which diftinguilh this union. Pre vious to (hewing their conspiracies againfi cln illianity and the government of the United Stan*, it was necefifary to iciivier it probable tiiac they would thus conspire. The ureat periods of the rife and check of that fyLem ot pahions, which is now deno minated federalifm, are marked with analo gous fids. The carlieft hiiiory of man pre icTits him os H i ting up his pafiions against the known law of ids Maker—-from this moment there was a constant contcft between duty and wili—divine precept and human pride ; till ar length the pafflons gained their cr ins and rhe dduge overwhelmed them. After this they gradually gained, entwining themselves about the moral a fid ceremonial law, and ner verting both, * ill their crisis, was difeo vered in the total lubjeaion oc man to numan inventions, and his tou; rebellion against his Maker. Th. Saviour's advent was alone equal to meet this critis. He convicted the priests and rulers of tficir impostors, and de feated rhciit on their LrongcL ground. Bur after his afc'enfion, thefepafiions rallied again —ftized the very religionjwhith he had found ed, and in the course of fifteen centuries ren derea their management of it the greatest of all cuifes to mankind. This crilis was met by the reformation ; but the season had not arrived for tlie Prince of neace to take up his great power —-the pafflons called again their forces, Fixed the protestant religion, and in the name of it took pofifeflion of the thrones, cabinets and wealth of protestant Europe. ‘Our anccftors met this crisis by the lettlement of tills country. The pafiions, never weary, seized on the Puritanifm*—on the religious zeal—on the perfect!cions, and even wants of our anccftors, and in them ellablifncd a dominion, which met its over throw in in our revolution ; and then ic was ardently and exrenfivt ly hoped that rational, civil and religious liberty was to prevail : But, after the dole of a moft diftrefling- war, taefe (uotle, Lclulous pafiions seized on the very ardors or the contcft, and even on the name of our illustrious \Va(hington, and converted them, as they ever before had con verted the bell of things to the wotft of pur poses. Here the pafiions played their deep est and dcadlieft game—they literally played earth in the name of heaven. From the poor soldier, who had nor, they took away that which he seemed to have. To the abun dance of the rich they added tenfold from the earning of the distressed. To adulterers —to the proud —to thole who despised our cause, they offered honors and*power:—To the murderers of pur brethren by thousands, they tendered the olive-branch :—To ous deliverers from British tyranny, famine and the (word—against the poor natives, they fen: an army to enforee our divine right to more land than we wanted : Against fome of our brethren, who were severely taxed by indi gence, they Lr.t a military force to teach the liberal policy of excise, though our old Con gress hah declared it to be the abhorrence cf and free people. Tiiey rafted a (landing army —imprisoned republicans—restrained the Iprels— and fuzed several of the altars—and ‘to crown these impo fit ions, fome priefis, who love greetings, in the market, cried out, 4 Whoso hath any gold,let him break it off f so multitudes brought their treasures, and these modern Aarons, cast them calves, and said, lo ! these are the gods which led you through the revolution—whereas several of them were born since that date and the re painder are madly old tories. From the sbuflve spirit and intolerance of che human pafiions in the last administration, roe elecl on of Brefident JefFerfon has re deemed you—and now these pafiions wdj en deavour to create jea.oufies among you, to divide the men, in whom you trull, they will even afreet to jOve your cauie-“--whcy win ta<ce your religion, your spirit cf economy and .our love ot equal rights, and in toe name of every thing dear to you will aim to re place themselves in power. Not one of the arts, which have been before Hccdsfu! wist be omitted, and your strongest againft hem is a knowledge of their characters and intentions. SPEECH . Cf Sir Francis Burdett, hi tv: Houfi of Commons % slpril lon the motion for\ an enquiry into the co: Jit cl 0/ Mr. Ph:l ‘s AJmnilftr at ion . C included from the la ft pay:., Britain and Ireland to (landforward at length in defence of the rights of the people w large. This is their natural polirion, the poll ofinterefl: as well as honor: and let us all, before it becomes toolate, fee n'xmt reformin ? thofeabufes. which disgust the country and weigh the people to the earth. Confiderour ne>x war with France will probably be carri ed on in Grcat-Britain; and if you wdh fir energy,you mu ft nor be outof withdemoi racy, if you want /irtue, you mu ft give it motives. If you want p.itrio;ifm, you must afibr-d a Patria, by a fair government embracing and taking in the people, by rc (toring to the people their r.edits, ned giv ing tliem security for their enjoyment, by a ta*r rt prekTMtio.u in this house. by uniting all ciaiTLi in one common inrereft. von may defy tine power of France, aggr.in* diled as Lie is, or of the world, could it ba placed in one gian‘ arm. And what is mere, you may dTy wicked, corrupt & pro fligate minillers* Sir, I jrn only an humble im taror of the right honorable gentleman ; 1 follow the condufl lie pursued at the end of tliu Ameri can war. IBs advice to the nation at the end of that war was wile ; and had it been followed, would have prevented the calamities of this. I now require, on the part of the people, that just ice which lie tlwn demanded. 1 de mand enquiry, in order that punishment ihould follow guilt, as an example to minis ters hereafter, and as the necellary step to re form, which can alone lccme the people in future. Sir, I have now performed my duty to the people, totheutmoft of my power; and I have only to lay, that if, after a war the moft burthenfome, bloody and calamitous, this country was ever engaged in, ending in a peace, which places it in a fnuation critical and perilous beyond ail former example ; if, after the rnoft flagrant and daring violations of the laws and constitution, no enquiry shall be granted into the conduct of those who have been entrufled with tiie administration; I (hall indeed believe, that the destines of France, (a term muchufcdof hue in the house) do lead that country to universal empire, and this to be enfiaved and destroyed by a let of the moft rash, wicked and unwise men that ever were enirulted with the affairs cf a great nation. The honorable baronet then concluded with moving : 4f That the house do now resolve itfelf in to a committee of the whole to enquire into the conduct of the late administration, both, at home and abroad, during the ward* Mr. Sturt seconded the motion. The motion was oppufed by lord Temple, who observed that the ll -eech of the honora ble baronet, was the moft extraordinary he had ever heard, in which there was more af lumption and left argument than in any that had ever been delivered in the wails of the house of parliament *, and ic mght be well Hi iced to a tavern audience, as containing rounded periods, bold epithet?, lofty declama tion?, battfies and imprisonment. On division of the house, there appeared for the motion 39. Against 1:240. Majo rity 201. In OTIC E. n AT UR D AY th’ Jecond day cf Odder being the day appointed by law far the Eletlisn offiruftees of the libraryJociay of Savannah the members of that society arersquejled to meet at ten o'clock at the filature for the purpose of electing/even Trustees fir the enfui:ig year all those who wifi to become fubjeribers are rep Hefted to attend at the Jaid place and all the members are fell cited to be punc tual in their attendance. N. IV. JONES. 1 Ms£l THR IVMe dL LIS TER . \ ~ rr .nr no tj 1 and ‘° ? i. ru•..ees Cll/ill i_jL.S HARR id. A, COILOCH. j September, n, V Will be exchanged f or, NEGROES. A TRACT or LAND, about three huaJred Jp\_ acres : cne hundred as prime cotton land as inv in Georgia, aiid situation equal to ny in the date: with a deeding and out-nou:es, immediately on the faits. For particula , spp’y WILLIAMSON h MOREL. September 10, L a.