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J UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA LIBRARY VOLUME II. ATHENS, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 1, 1855. NUMBER Si PUBLISHED WEEKLY, BY JOHN H. CHRISTY, BDITOB ABO rasrBIBTOB. Terms of Subscription. TWO DOLLARS per annum, if paid *trictljrin ad ance . otherwise, THREE DOLLARS will be charged It, order that the price of the papei may not be in I the wajrnfa large circulation, Club* will be supplied st the follawing low rates. COPIES for - - - •10,« = =T>^ r ►jRS* ten •• for - - - 915rTSsQjl \ AlUuttlom rates,(is Catk mutt accompany tkt trier. LITTLfe kindnesses. “ Tis sweet to do something for those that we love, “Though the favor he ever so small.” Brothers, sisters, did you ever try the effect which little acts ot kindness produce upon that charmed circle we call home ? We love to receive little Rates of Advertising. Transient advertisement* willbeinserted at One. .. oursel.e.; and how pleasant the lh <™ make, the circle I To ud obitmry notictfleiMeuingstx lines in length will I draw up the arm chair and ^et the slip* * 1 ,*l v '*r pers for father, to watch if any little service can be When the nnmher ofinaertinnaianotmarkeBonand advertisement, it will be publiahed till forbid, and [ charged accordingly. SSnsineoa nnb ^rnftssinnnl toils. C~B LOMBARD DENTIST, ATHEMS, GEORGIA. . . Ruomanver the Store of Wilson It Veal. * Jan3 but the next ho looks brightly up. can get my sister to help me,” he says. any rendered to mother, to help brother, or assist sister, how pleas ant it makes home 1 A little boy has a hard lesson given him at school, and his teacher asks him if he thinks he can get it; for a moment the little follow hangs down his head, 1 little lower than the angels. Thou crown-1 the North and ihe slaveholders of the est with glory and honor, and didst set South,” will be forever dissolved, him over the works of tby hand.”—Paslm I Money from England and France in viii: 4, 5, 6. I American elections! It is not enough Hamlet—What piece of work is man! that our trans-Atlantic brethern have to How noble in reason how infinite in fac- pay the expenses of a gigantic contest ulties ; in form and moving how express with Russia—that they are threatened and admirable. In action how like an by a famine in their own country—they angel ; in apprehension how like a God. are moved to send to America their The beauty of the world, the paragon of money and their counsel to aid in the animals. I liberation of the blacks of the South. Bible—“Nicanor lay dead in his har-1 All Europe enslaved, with not a Con- ness.” tinental press that dare tell the truth Macbeth—"We will die with harness on aifd vindicate the cause of popular rights the our back. waging a fierce war to destroy the na tional independence of Russia in order to secure supreme control in Western Europe and especially to enable the aristocracy of England to reccver their loosened grasp upon power in that coun try—they find means, in pursuit of the PITNER & ENGLAND. Wholesaled Retail Dealer* in Groceries, Dry Goods, HARDWARE, SHOES AMD BOOTS, April 6 Athens, Ga. MOORE & CARLTON, DEALERS IN SILK, FANCY AND STAPLE GOODS, HARDWARE AND CROCKERY. April No. 3, Granite Row, Athens, Ga. LUCAS & BILLUPS, WHOLESALE AX'D RETAIL DEALERS IM DRY GOODS, GROCERIES, HARDWARE, Ac. Ac. No. 2, Broad Street. Athens. WILLIAM G. DELONY, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Office over the store al Win M. Morion A Son Will attend promptly to all businesseutrust-1 then it won’t get so bad,” says the gentle That is right, sister, help little brother, and yt u are binding a tie round his heart that may save him in many an hour of dark temptation. “ I don’t know how to do this sum, but brother will show me,” say another little one. - “ Sister, I’ve dropped a stitch in my knitting; I tried to pick it up, but it has run down, and I can’t fix it.” The little girl’s face is flushed, and she watches her sister with a nervous anxiety while she replaces the “ naughty stitch.” " O, I am so glad!” she says, as she receives it again from the hands of her sister, all nicely arranged; “you are a good girl, Mary.” Bring it to me sooner next t'.me, and PASSING AWAY. BY LINN A. Soon, very soon, must we leave this beautiful earth, with its many shades of joy and grief, love and hate, hope and i game oh - ^ to seml to lhe United disappointment. Ere long we shall close g tateSj wilh which - to break into iy„„ our eyes on the dear familiar' scenes the federa , Constitution around us. Soon kind hands will array The governme nt or the Union is the us for the grave. And the places that Q . remaining fortress which the peo- pie havp to defend the cause of popular know us now will know us no longer. And those so fondly loved, By us, Will lay us in the grave, where Sweet rest is found from every care, Where evening breezes geutly wave, Their requiem above the grave. But, Ob, when death calls me, bury I gross green and sweet flowers bloom:I \yhat"the aVmies'of'Europe 6 canned?'!the circumstances are favorable plants where bright birds sing their songs, be done m a j £ American aad an,maU ™“hiply rapidly and attain would I rest; and perchance some tiny traitors. The'cause of popular liberty their maximum development, but if lonely^resttng place^and^lfere^each her I s fi^^t^olotiE^toanMiP^h^first the * r necessar ? a,iment be scant y in is fixed, the plot is Vranged. the first | amount> or defective in quality, it seems ad to his care. Athens, April6 P. A. SUMMEY & BROTHER, Wholesale and Retail Dealer* in Staple Goods, Hardware, Crockery, AMD ALL KIMDS OF GROCERIES, Carner of Wall and Broad streets, Athens- WILLIAM N. WHITE, WIIOI.KSAI.E AJiD RETAIL BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER, AndMemtfafer and Magazine Agent. DEALER IN MUSIC and MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS LAMPS, FINE CUTLERY, FANCY GOODS, SC. No. 3, College Avenue, Newton IIou-o. Athens, Ca aign of •* White’s University Book Store,” Orders promptly filled at Augusta rates. T. BISHOP & SON, Wholesale and Retail Goces, April 6 No. 1, Broad street. Athens. JAMES M. ROYAL, HARNESS MAKER) H AS removed his shop to Mitchell’s old I God, we have others as great Tavern, one door east of Grady &. Nich- haps greater than theirs, olson’s—where he keeps always on hand a Be k ; nd |Q th<J |j M | e one8 . they w ; n general assortinentof articles in liislinc, and e • » ,*. , , _ j t> a.. 1 often be fretful and wayward. Be voice of Mary, as the little one bounds away with a light heart to finish her task. If Mary had not helped her, she would have lost her walk in the garden. Surely it is better to do as Mary did, than to say, “ O, go away, and don’t trouble meor to scold the little one all the time you are performing the tri fling favor. Little acts of kindness, gentle words, loving smiles, they strew ihe path of life with flowers; they indke the sun shine brighter, and the green earth greener; and he who bade us “ love one another,” looks with favor upon the gentle an# kind-hearted, and he pronounced the meek blessed. Brothers, sisters, ]pve one another. If one offend, forgive and live him “till and whatever may be the faults of others, we must remember that, in the sight of and per fsalwaysready to fillordersintlie best style Jan 26 tf Coach-Making and Repairing. JAMES B. BURPEE, A T the old stand recently occupied by R. S. Sclievenell, offers for sale a lot of superi or articles of his own manufacture, at redu- ced prices—consisting ot Carriages, Buggies, &c. Orders for any thing in hisline thankfully received and promptly executed. -jEtS-Repairing done atshortnoticeand on reasonable terms. patient with them, and amuse them How often a whole family of little ones are restored to good humor by an elder member proposing some new play, and perhaps joining in it, or gathering them round her while she relates some pleasant story! And brothers, do not think because you are stronger, it is unmanly to be gentle to your little brothers and sisters True nobleness of heart, and true manli ness of conduct, are never coupled with pride and arrogance. Nobility and gentleness go hand in hand; and when I see a young gentle man kind and respectful to his mother, That fortress is manned by Professor D. Lee’s Lectures in University of Georgia. LUC FOR AGRICULTURAL FORrOSKR At the request of the farmers and the class in College, attending Dr. Lee’s Lectures on Scientific Agriculture, in the Georgia University, the following remarks on the “ use of Lime for Ag ricultural purposes” are furnished for publication : Gentlemen: I shall state to you a few facts, this morning, intended to show the intimate and natural relations which subsist between Lime and "Agri culture. These relations are rarely stu died with that strict regard to facts and analytical accuracy required to impart a thorough knowledge of the subject.— To understand the most obvious pheno mena of vegetable ani animal growth, we must first learn the nature and pro perties of the several elementary bodies that combine to form the whole sub stantially alike, form the groundwork of more than half the rural literature of Europe for the last two centuries; and for the last fifty years, both have been used id this country with the most satis factory results. Like all other good things, lime is liable to abuse; and it in Was long a popular saving in Great burnt together in a common lime-kiln Britain that •* Lime enriches the father ' with good effect, as the heated carbonic but impoverishes the son.” It could | acid evolved from the calcareous rock not enrich the father, nor any one as a ; vehemently attacks the silicate of potash fertilizer if it did not add essentially to j j n the granite and forms the corbonate the crops nf the land to which it was| 0 f that alkali, leaving the silicic acid liberty. freemen. It cannot be invested, nor I stance of plants and animals. All liv- successfully assaulted by an open enemy. • b e j ngs demand for their incease in If lost, it will be lost by the treason of . , ... its garrison ; if surrenderd, by traitors. we 'g h ‘ of or S an,zed ,rfattcr ’ foou adapv The American people have nothing to Led by nature to their respective wants, fear from their enemies; it is their | Where, such food abounds, and all tender fledglings to spread their Gutter* instalments have been paid, and every. . .... . f .. . mg wings and soar away to the bright sleamer that shaU teach F our shores fr J, to repress the multiplication of living b J. u ,® ab ?, v , e ’ dt . lype of lbo P lumi ?g England will bring our abolitit n leaders beings, to make them small of stature, clayey tenement to'return^to God^who j ' nc *® ased contribution to the infernal and to bring them prematurely to the *“ nd - I end of the life within them gave it I would be where the Autumn leaves, as one by one they fall from the parent Small enemies—a fable.—A guat I It seems to be an universal law of tree, mSht^estl^lovingij I one day - asked a lion ™ beth ® r [l ,ey ou 8 ht vegetable and animal vitality, that it resting place; as they whisper in sad tones, to i “ low,. to be friends or enemies. “ Get away, all nature' “passing away”-1 i " se , ct ” sa . id he * w r ith con u tempt ’ ” lest passing away t Oh, it would be bliss 1 cr f h tbee w,tb f< ^ !L hat , h “ rt or to rest where the winter winds as they S ood ^ uld / oa do me 7 We 8baU *°? n Oip WWI know,” said the gnat; upon which he flew into one of the lion’s nostrils, and must either contract or expand accord ing to the means of subsistence furnish ed to the several species. This law vf the rise and declne of species being too well known to require further elucida- pass mournfully through the leafless trees, would never reach my grave and. . .... , , , ,, 2= xKtfS 5*‘»T thunder! I .ion I proceed to celt your attention doe, m0 re than sweeten the sweetbirds sing my. only requiem while ,a8hed bis sides with h.s tail tore h.s to the interesting facts, that in the I sleep on undisturbed in my long dream- nost « ls wrth his tolona, and rolled him- earliest geological ages of our planet less slumber; floweis may mark my \ n , tbe sand in a 8 on y * but all invaxa be p ore tbe car bonate of Lime existed in resting place for I would bare been in,- Toma 0 rk U the n pTace I chose aolone, overcome by the little gnat, which he possible for the earth to suppprt any N», none such useless show, I had but just now despised. It is some- thing more than the mere rudiments But the birds’ sweet notes as they float | times justly said that no person is small . f . present fl orna and or mean but that he has it in his power J to injure us or do us good; and that 1/ffttJta. So soon; however, as the water hence there is no person whose friend- of the primitive oceans, abounded in ship is not highly desirable. | so i u bl e salts of Lime, they began to along Enough will tell the careless throng, Of one who sleeps below. IMPORTANT IF TRUE. The New York Herald from which I Nesselrode.—Of all the stalesmen teem wi ‘ h ra y riad3 ° f marine plants and we make the following extract. We give I of Europe and America who took part animals, whose remains in calcareous it for what it is worth. Even the Herald I in public affairs in the fall of the first petrifactions and skeletons, attest at can publish the truth sometimes : Napoleon the only one now remaining in Qnce theif prod i g i OU3 numbers during The Efforts in Europe to Secure the | place is that Russian Minister, who com- j , . , Triumph of Abelitionism in the Un I menced his political career as a powerful prolonged geologica. eras, . ited States. foe of the Napoleonic dynasty, which he failing supply of Lime with which they Very considerable sums of money | still lives to cambat. All the public men were surrounded. No one can study arriveed in this country by the Pacific, of the United States, it is said, who were {he boneg of ancient sea monsters, am- and other recent steamers, to be used at then eminent in political- life, have ; 4 , , , the coming election in this State and in departed; a new generation occupy their phibials, and more recen an anima other northern latitudes. The triumph places. In Europe none remain but I now extinct, without being impressed of the Allies at Sebastopol has stimulat- Nesselrode, the patriarch of statesmen, I with the fact that the largest masses of ed the governing classes of Europe to who has survived two Imperial masters; .. . . d have been the NOTICK. , j j. T HE subscribers are prepared to fill orders and 8 ende aad forbearing to his brothers - -•* of and sisters, I think he has a noble heart. Spokes for Carriages and Wagons, Also, at the same establishment we manufac ture all kinds of BOBBINS, commonly used in our cotton factories. All Ah ! many a mother’s and many a j sister’s heart has been wrung by the cold neglect and stiff unkindness of those whom God has made their natural pro tectors. Brothers, sisters, never be unkind to done as good and cheap as can be had from one another, never be ashamed to help the North. Addrvss. one another, never be ashamed to help v -u ‘ t BR °’ an y one * and you will find that though who will attend to all orders, and the ship-1. t , , *_ _ . , . . 6 . ping of the same. March, 1854. | 11 » Peasant to receive favors, yet it is SLOAN & OATMAN, DKALKR8 IN Italian, Egyptian et American more blessed to give than to - reccive.- Sunday-School Advocate. AND EAST TENNESSEE MARBLE. SHAKSPEARE AND THE BIBLE. A writer in the Savannah Republican | selects the following passages from the Bible and Shakspeare’s works. They Monamont*,Tonib8, Urns and Vases; Marble show that the great dramatist was familiar Mantels and Furnishing Marble- with the sacred writings ; CTAll orders promptly filled. Bibfe-The Apostle says; -But though •Refer to Mr. Ross Crane.’ ^ junel4 1 1x5 r “ de in speech 2 Cor., chap, xi verse 6. Blank Declarations, QF both forms, (long and short) together with the proeexs attached—just printed and for sale at this Office. Also, various other Blanks. GS“Any Blanks not on hand—as, indeed, almost any kiud of job printing—can be fur nished on a few hoars’ notice ed the governing classes ol Lurope to who has survived two imperial masters, flesh and have been the assault the great works of the federal who as the Minister of Alexander the ° . - constitution-to attempt, by the aid of First, opposed the aggiessions of the aa ‘«ral outgrowth of an immeasurable an alliance with the abolitionists of this I great Napoleon, and now, as the Minis- inexhaustible supply of the phosphate country, to overturn the government of I ter of Alexander the Second, is the vigo- au i p hate and carbonate of Lime, the United States. We are in the midst rous foe of Napoleon the Third. othef ear|hy miner al—no metal ot a fearful struggle, in which is enlisted * . . .. .. against us a band of political mad-men Georgians, do you hear that ?- iron, copper, silver or gold, could possi as fierce and relentless as were the Jews The Boston Post says that “ twenty- b ly serve as a basis, in the economy of at the Royal Agricultural College at Cirencester, England f clay that had Lime mized with it yielded nearly twice as much pot ish, when wrsh’d or lench* ed after charring, as that did which was buret without Li»nc Fragments of granite rock and lime rock have been pplied ; and it could not injure the son G Othello—Rude I am in speech. Bible—“Shew his eyes and grieve his heart. ’—1 Sam., xi:33. Macbeth—Shew his eyes and grieve | his heart. Bible—“Thou hast brought me into the dust of death.—Psalms. Macbeth—Lighted fools the way to dusty death. Bible—“Look not upon me, because j at Calvary. They have been gathering five years ago, Hon. J. McPherson Ber- Nature except by a special effort of strong’at home for twenty years, and rion, was suspected by someof his Pr ' ends • DOWer to form the she |i s of now, having fortified themselves by a °f being a statesman, but that in fact he P ^ » strong political organization, they have j has beeu a “ JCnow Nothing” all his mollusks, of Crustacea, and the skeletons given the signal to their European allies I ?*/e-” of animals. for an attack upon ihe constitution of The Boston “ Post is a vile Marcy Ao nn ; mala anhaUt either directlv the United States. In obedience to this and Pierce Democratic Journal, and As 8,1 animals subsist either direct y call, money is flowing in from England thus attempts to be witty at the expense or indirectly on plants, and plants on and France. Every sign betokens a of one of Georgia’s most honored and the soil and air, it is easy to see the im- resolute and determined effort to shatter] venerable statesmen!—Citizen. portance of Lime in supporting the j", P* e< i es "^hat the abolitionists term ——— - - vegetable and animal kingdoms. Wher- the infamous conditions and covenants In Dr. Franklin a time when the King 6 . ^ of the federal constitution.” of England sent some of his convicts ever this mineral abounds, making a .Eversince the arrival of Mrs. Stowe in over to this county, Dr F. sent a box of calcareous earth, with no opposing Europe, negetiations have been in pro-1 rattle-snakes to his Majesty s Prime f orce3> there the extraordinary growth gross to procure money from that quarter Minister, advising that they should bo f , common to secure the triumph of the abolitionists I introduced into his Majesty’s gardens at ’. ’ in the United States. It will not be for- Kew, and expressing the hope that they grasses and animals, proves the vast would propagate and increase until they superiority of Lime in maintaining not should become as beneficial to Great Britain as the British convicts were to this country.. We don’t think the American people would be willing at this time to make • such an exchange. They would greatly prefer keeping their rattle-snakes to exchanging them for or after cultivators, unless a bad use was made of the elements of fertility ex tracted from the soil through the agency of calcareous manure. Ev^y manure may be sos used as to take more from the earth in crops than was applied in dung, and thus luave the land poorer than it was before the manure was used. This function of minerals, and decay ing vegetable and animal matter, \vc will study in detail hereafter. At pre sent let us inquire how lime enriches the soil in the first instance, and con- equently its owner, or “ the father.” 1st. It unites chemically with several acids, both organic and inorganic, if present to an injurious exte*nt, and tfansf- forms them into the healthy food ot cul tivated plants. Swamps and other low places often abound in vegetable matter which is either sour and poisonous to growing crops, or inert and valueless to the same. To correct this acidity, which, operating as antiseptic on wood and leaves, prevents their rotting in stagnant water, draining and liming have been found by long experience to be the best remedies. The one removes the staguant water, and the other re moves all sourness from.the land. Lime soil where it is sour. 2d. It decomposes the sulphates and phosphates of iron and alumina, and thereby supplies to cultivated plants both gypsum and bone-earth The sul phate of iron*is copperas, a very soluble salt that often injures cotton in soils which lack lime. Alum is the sulphate of alumna and potash; and being quite soluble, it not unfrequently exists in ex cess in the soil. The plaster of Paris, gypsum, is formed when simple lime or marl i? added to land that contains alum water. Unlike copperas and alum, the phosphate of iron and the phosphate of alumina rarely if ever injure crops, but until decompounded, they are valueless as the food of plants. Providence, hav ing made the phosphate of lime the basis of all bones, and made all animals alike dependent on the soil for the same, has given to lime the power to extract phosphoric acid from its combinations with all those bases where it is unavaila ble in the great economy of Living Things. Suppose Lime be less generally dflfu?- ed over the surface of continents and islands than potash,- soda, mngn*-ssia, chlorine, carbon, nitrogen, sulphuric and phosphoric acids? Like Lime, these are all indispensable to the growth of agricultural plants. It follows that cultivators would be more likely to con vey Lime from places where it abounds to places where it is lacking, than any other element of crops. The history of tillage and of the improvemerit of arated DRY GOODS, AT REDUCED PRICES, _ ? nd S et ??° d bargain* for I am black, liecause the sun has looked ui£ Ca.h, before they are all gone. [Jnly 5. | on mc ”_Sol. Songs, 1:6. Merchant of Venice—Mistake me not for my complexion, it’s shadow, livery of the burning sun. Bible—“I smote him, I caught him by his beard and smote him, and slew him.”—1 Sara, xvii: 35. Othello—I took him by the throat, NOTICE TO DEBTORS AND CRE DITORS. A LL perzons indebted to the estate of Ed win Pendergrass, deceased, late of Jack- son county. Ga., arc hereby requested to make immediate payment ; and those hav ing demands against said estate are rc- qnired to pre*ent them daly authenticated I the circumcised dog, and smote him within the time presenbed hv law. ^-‘‘Opened Job his mouth and cursed his day ; let it not be joined into ne prest WM.J. PARKS, Executor. September 27. PRIVATE BOARDING! the days of the year, let it not come into the number of months.”—Job, iii; l, 14. Macbeth— May this accursed hour A FEW young men can be accommodated with day Board nt the residence of T. M. Lumpkin, itt the tenement baildint! cf Mr l . i - .. .. , , Brown, a few doors below the residence „f Staad ' a >' e M ~“ rs<id ,n calendar- Wm. M. dorton. T. M. LAMI’KIN 1 «L»* Sept. 27, 1855. Bible—“What is man. that thou art mindful of him ? Thou bast made him a gotten that Mr. Van Buren has been a long time absent from his country. We are not prepared to say that he bad a finger in the pie, but our readers will not fail to observe that during his stay on the other side of the water at entire change has been made in parties on this. He left his country with a whig, a demo cratic and an abolition party; he return ed to it with a democratic and an anti slavery party. One of his most intimate friends—Preston King—is at the head of the latter, exhorting the old democra cy to abandon the fields of their past triumphs, and to range themselves under the pirate banners of abolitionism. These are remarkable coincidences. -They are followed by the arrival of large sums of money, the sinews of poli tical as well as physical wars. Our enemies are vigilant and confident. With the money of their coadjutors on the other side of the Atlantic, and their political organization on this—embrac ing, as they hope and believe, the rank and file of the old whig party, the bogus Americans, and the Van Buren seccders from the democracy—the coalition is confident of victory—confident that the “infamous partnership,” as they denom inate the Union, “betwen the freemen of a fitful, nor temporary fertility, but a luxuriant fruitfulness as permanent as it is magnificent. * Natural phenomena so obvious to close observers* and so important to foreign criminals.—Louisville Journal. | civilized man, could not fail early to attract the attention of intelligent far- A human foot-print, too perfect in shape, and proportion to be doubted, was mers. When marling was first prac recently taken from the Middlesex free- ticed history does not inform us ; but stone quary at Portland. It is appar- pii ne y > t h e naturalist, speaks of it as ently the foot step of one of the^abongi-1 common ^ hig lime< and leadj U3 to in _ nies, and doubtless one of the primitive tribes, as it exhibits unmistakable evi dences of the original moccasin. This specimen was taken at the depth of sixty feet in the rock. As Likely as Not.—We think it must be somewhere written that the virture of mothers shall, occasionally, be visited on their children, as well as the sins of fathers. Industrious.—The Methodist pub lishing house in Nashville, Tenn., has been in operation only five months, but it . - .. . ao 5<so non has in that pages time printed 49,5'*9,000 fer that it was not unknown to the an cient Romans who tilled the ground several centuries before him. Roman cultivators introduced the practice into Spain, France, England, and other Eu ropean provinces of the empire. There is a statute still extant of the English Parliament, enacted in the reign of Ed ward the First, which directs those em ployed to survey and locate public high ways to search on either side of the sam* for marl-beds. Marl and lime being sub partly free, and partly combined with the oxide of calcium, or Lime, making the silicate of Lime.- Chemical science and philosophy are enlarging the economical value of Lime, and other constituents of crops; and we should study them in a more systematic manner than farmers do, and collect and collate facs, drawn alike from the oldest sedimentary and igneous rocks, from the dawn of the vegetable and animal kingdoms, the experience of agricultu rists, in all partis where land is cultivated, and from observations derived directly from experiments in the field and the laboratory. Considered in this plain searching, common sense way, fertility is found to be not a quality of soil, but the rota material of crops—substances which may be separated from the mass of earth, weighed in a bdance, and either increased of decreased in quanti ty, in every cubic foot of soil. Lima does not and cannot give existence to any new and needful element which may be wanting in barren land. It is not every thing that is required but merely orte ingredient, which, however, often develops and brings into practical service other constituents that would otherwise remain for infinite years, in a latent state and perfectly worthless. As to the quantity of Lime, or marl o the acre, much might be said in re ference to different soils of clay, of sand, of vegetable mould, and the cost of the fertilizer at the places where it is to be used. Until public opinion be suffi ciently enlightened to see the wisdom of improving generally the farming lands of a State, insteadof deteriorating them to the untold injury of all coming gen erations, the extensive distribution of Lime for agricultural purposes is hardly possible: Without this enlightenment, and the consequent cheapening of the cost of transportation by railroads and otherwise, a large majority of the more enterprising who would Lime their farms as many as many are doing in Southern Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, will find the expence too g-eat for any profit.— A bushel to the square rod gives 160 ter the acre,- and may be regarded as not far from the average amount applied in England and Scotland. Something like half that quantity per sqnarorod is near the average in this country. Assuming ihe article to be cheap and abundant, some soils require ten time more than others according to the quantity of or ganic matter and of mineral salts that need the direct agency of Lime to de stroyed what is bad, and bring out all that is good, in them. As a general rule, recently burnt Lime is better than that which has been air- slaked and changed into a hycrate or carbonate. Unburnt mar) is always a carnate, and may ( >o used by cartloads {almost indefinitely, per acre without land, fully confirms the soundness of this .detriment. Some' chalk lands contain view of the subject. Lime has been! longer and more extensively used to renovate and rejuvenate partially ex hausted fertility than any other substance whatever, except the dung of domestic animals. 3rd. There :s known from recent chemical researches, and agricultural experiment, another important function performed by this alkaline mineral. Mature and perfect plants of wheat, corn, potatoes, and I believe cotton, contain some four times more of potash than of Lime; and how to extract soluble potash from its abundant insolu ble silicates, in the earth, has long been a desideratum with scientific cultivators. The carbonic acid eliminated from de caying forest leaves, mould in plowed fields, and from all rotting or ferment ing manure, operates to separate the alkalies, potash and soda, and the alka line earths, Lime and magnesia, from their chemical union with silicic ac:d, aud thus render them available as the soluble food of plants. In charring clay or agricultural purposes an experiment about a thousand tons of marl, wiihin a foot of the surface, per acre, and still yield good crops of grain. Lime is so different from gu >no, and most other fertilizers, that it maiters litilu what time of the year it i» applied ; as one looks for permanent improvement rather than immediate and striking re sults. Like all other sources of fruitful ness, it needs to be kept good at am! uear the surface of the ground by repeating the dose, sooner or later, as the supply becomes exhausted. Lime tends to sink deep into the earth; and it is readily washed off tho surface by washing trains. Hence we are not to estimate its removal from the soil by the quantity taken up by plants, but rather rather by that solu bility of the mineral in rain which ren ders the water that has passed through Limestone earthf into wells and springs alwaws hard and calcareous. The solu bility of the carbonate of Lime in water charged more or less with carbonic acid, aids greatly in its wide distribution on continents to meet the wants of grow ing vegetables. Thus, rains that fall on the limestone lands of Western New York, convey this fertilzer down the Allegha ny, Ohio and Mississ’ppi rivers, and it may be deposited on tne n'hivi d p! ins of Louisiana, two thousand miles from its starting point.