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UNlYERSilY OF GEORGIA LIBRARY
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Volume ii.
ATHENS, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 22, 1855.
NUMBER 34
I’UBLIFIIED WEEKLY,
BY JOHN H. CHRISTY,
BDiTon ai*d moraiBTOB.
Terms of Subscription.
TWO OOLLARS peratiKiim, if paid -trirtlj in ad
ance- otherwise,THREE HOLLARS w ill lie rharped
<t3Tl(i nfder tb»t the price <>l the papei may nut hr in
the iraynfa large circulation, Clubs will be supplied
at the fiiilewinf low rates.
COPIES for - - - RIO -rstf.
WSe TEN •• for - - -
tflliwrlre ratU|tle Car* arealeeeeaipeny tkeorder.
Rates of Adn-ftldng.
Transient advrrtiaeinents will he inserted at One
dollar per o|ii are for l he flret and Fifty Cents pe rsqnare
Tor e .eh snhseqnenl in-erii. n.
Legal and yearly advertisement* at the nsnal rales
Candidates will he charged |S for announcements,
and obituary notireaexeeeningaix lines in length will
'bn charged as advertise i ents.
When the number of insertions Untilmafkrdor and
•advertisement, it will he published till forbid, and
■charged accordingly.
SBnsincsa anil yrufasional tCnriis.
C.B . LO M BA It D ,
DENTIST,
ATHFJV8, GEORGIA.
tuenisvir the Storeof Wilson fc Veal. Jan3
OVLRNORS message.
eoNtLuficD. |
PITNER & ENGLAND.
Wholesale k Retail Dealer* i n
firoceries, DryGoods,
HARD trARK, SHOES AXD BOOTS,
April 6 - AtiUn*, Gx.
JUO0RE & C A IlLTON,
DE.at.CRS IN
SILK, FANCY AND STAPLE GOODS,
HA RD WARE AND CROCKERY.
April Mu. 3, Granite Row. Athens,Go.
LUCAS & BILLUPS, '
SFIIOLESALF. JtffD RF.TAH. DEALERS /JY
BUY GOODS,
<OROOERIES, HARDWARE. Ac. Ac
No. 2, Broad Street. Athens*
THE SEAT OB GOVERNMENT.
-The qucatiwn ot die renKoal -of ibu
Seal ot Govermneut lias been agitated.
Irom time tv tune, for maur years. .The
last Legislaiure, impressed .with the un
port a nee ol ii5.fi. .til gutljement, referred
it to tlie legal voters of the Stale, and re
quired tli< in to ein/orse on iheir ticket.*
•* removal,!’ or “ no' removal,? and *• if to-
be rotuowd where.” The followings*
tire o<Hci;«l vote on the liret. Monday in
October b»*l, according Jo.the official re
turns on file in the Executive Depart
ment : No removal, 49,f84-;‘ Removal
io Atlanta, 29,537; lo Macon, 602;
to Thomasviife, l; tq Savannah, 93 ;
lo Marietta, 4; to Gordon, 1 ; to Fort
to Griffin, - JlS; to Way ties-
to Rome, 4; to Madhooi
5; » Stoue Mountain, 4; to Indian
Sjirings, 2; to Sanders ville, 5; to Barne-
viile, 1; to Ilootensville, 1 ; to Augusta,
1; to * Clarksville; I ; id Si. Simon’s
Island, 11 to Lumpkin; I; removal lo
no place designated, 952 ; scattering, 14.
The aggregate vole Upon the question of
removal is 84,326, of which 49,7>1
were for “t» removal” and *but 34,545
for removal lo ail other places. .Ileuce,
it appears that the tmyority for “ no re-
nia^d” Overall otliers is T5.246. The
Gubernatorial-votejar lh« late election,
was about 104,250, showiug that there
were about 10,705 legal voters who did
not Vote on the question of rcntoval.
Hence, if it be a fair construction, as it
Vafley j/ tc
borough, 1;
WILLIAM G. DELONY,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Olfire over the etore ol Wn. M. Merlon Sl Son
Will attend promptly to till husincs.-entrust
ed to his care. Athens, Aprils
P. A. SUMMEY & BROTHER,
Wholesale and Retail Healer* in
Staple Goods, Hardware, Crockery,
AJTD ALL K/JVDS OF GROCERIES,
Corner of Wall and Broad streets. Athens
teiligence,- to know bow to govern, and
Virtue, to give that intelligence .proper
direction. Ht-nce the importance of a
system of public education to enlighten
the intellect aud moralize the hearts of
the masse*. The importance of thi-
ubje t is pai amount a id should hringjinto
requisition sill ilte wisdom qf the Legis-
a ure; wbiN the lltousandeof poor chi!
dren within llie Stale, too indigent 10
piO'jdc for themselves the blessings ot
duealion but; who mud have it as an
indispensable qualification-for good citi
zenship- should awaken an enlarged and
bcnevplont liberality. The returns for
1854 sljow that 42,407 belong lot his class
ho are entitled lo participate in'the pit
tance of $23,388 provided for iheir ben-
fit. The consideration* which *s: ottld
prompt to efficient action are apparent
tofivi'ryreftecMrtg miml. They aresOdfr
as challenge the attention of the highest
statesmanship. We yee them not only
in the qeccssitjt’of education to the per
petuity of popular liberty,'but in the
tlhousandsocial blessings which ii confers.
It promotes public peace, gives security
to property, diminishes crime, lightens
the expen-e of udjuiqi*ier]ng tire lawS.
stimulates enteprise, directs industry and
capital and hastens the march qf civilisa
tion. Tin* difficulty is, not to determine
lint ought to be done, hut'how it shall
be done. The subject, becomes more -era
barrassjng.x-acdt successive year, because
tlie increwe cd poor children, render-
the amount of money adequate (o the
mergency, more difficult- to be raised.
Hence, if the Legislature ever- intend to
come up fully and fairly to the high mark
of enlightened duty, it would seem, that
would seem lobe, that- their failure io
role is expressive of their ediUentmeni'-tbcAiuic has arrived, when they should
WILLIAM N.- WIIITE^
WUOLRSALE ASll RETAIL
BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER,
^mdNttttpmper and. Magazine Agent.
DEALER IN
MUSIC and MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
LAMPS, FISK CiWLEHV, FAMcV OOOMt.XC.
N*. 9, Colley* Avenue, Newton Hon*e. Athene, On
•ifn of •• White’* University -look Store.”
.Qrtlen promptly filled at Augusta/atea.
T. bishopITson,
tVlaolesale and Retail doers,
April 6 No. 1, Broad street. Athens.
JAMES M. ROYAL,
HARNESSMAKER,
H AS removed his shop to Mitchell’s old
Tavern, one door east of Grady A Nich
olson's—where he keeps always on band n
general assortment of articles in hisline, and
iaalwaysready to fill orders in the best style.
.Jan 26 tf
" COLT & COLBERT,
DEALERS IX
STAPLE DRY GOODS.GROCERIES
AND HARDWARE.
No. 9 Granite Bow Athens, Ga-
JAMES i. COLT. | WM. C. COLBERT.
August 6,1355.
NOTICE. .•
T HE subscribers are prepared to fill orders
for all kinds of
Spokes for Carriages and Wagons,
Also, at the same-establishment we manufac
ture all kinds of
BOBBINS,
commonly used in our cotton factories. All
done as good and cheap as can be had from
the North. Address',* * *
P. A. SUMMEY & BRO. Athcris.Ga
who will attend io all orders,’and. the ship
ping cf the same. March,1854.
SLOAN & OATMAN,
DEALERS IN
- Italian. Egyptian & ^wfnean
mmv>
AND BAST TENNESSEE MARBLE.
Honumcnts, Tombs, Urns and Vases: Marble
Mantels nnd Fumishittg Marble*
Uf‘ All orders promptly tilled.
ATLANTA, GA.
JHTRefer to Mr. Ross Crane. junel4
with Miilcgevilleas Jhe seat qf Govern-
mem, it is evident, that the popular will
is overwhelmingly 0|rposed fo its re-
nfqval. If the Legislature should con
cur in this view, then it is due to the
public as well as to the citizens of Mil-
iedgeville, that you should, ai once, by
decisive action, put n quietus to the
further agitation of the question. Not
the least effectual mode of accomplish
ing this object, will be to make neces-
saryre pairs and uddTtions to your publip
*** House should be
repaired anil huitaBty**nlai ged. The
-square, should be graded, cleared of the
Arsenal, Magazine and the four church
es, upon just compensation to the re
spective denominations, set -with shade
rees, and enclosed by a substantial iron
fence. The Executive Mansion, also,
should be thoroughly repaired and re
furnished; and the lot surrounded with
an iron enclosure.
By resolution of the last Session, I
was requested to furnish to each branch
of the Legislature, the amount of the
original cost of the public buildings at.
Milledgeville, exclusive of the Peuiteu-
titii-y and Lunatic Asylum, and what
amount is necessary to so repair them ns
to make them suitable for the purposes
for wbicb they were intended. This
resolution passed just at the close .of the
session, and consequently could not be
responded to before its adjournment,
am unable, even now (ogive a full-reply.
As far as can be ascertained, the public
•buildings, including State House, Ext;
cutive Mansion, and out-liouse-, (he
Arsenal and' Magazine, have coat, first
and last, about S20t),000. I have engag
ed Messrs. Shajl & Fav, profe aion il
Architects, to furnish in formation on the
second bramff-of the resolution. - They
have already submitted to mo a -rough
sketch of the additions and lanpro;
mejits to the State House which are ne
cessary; and they authorize me to say
that the whole can be - completed for
$125^900 to $ ,50.000. They hre now
engaged in junking the -necessary draw
lugs and estimates of the expense; and
at an early day' they will be ready for
iransmi-sion to die io gis a tire.
The State House is enticely. miprotec
ted against (he ravages of fire. You
should authorize (he construction of
large extern UD cither vide, and the pur
chase of ar Fire Engine. This preenu
(ion is highly important, and, cost wh*
it may, it will be wise and provident
economy.
ANNUAL SESSIONS
dtlitiateu system.cqpuhle-of.gradual ex-
ntision and self su-tentatien. I shall
enture no specific recommendation. I
prefer rather to submit the great subject
to your wisdom; animated as it must be.
by patriotic des.ire, to promote the hap;
pinessand prosperity of the State. ’But
if I could comraaud the power lo awaken
the proper'spirit and excite the proper
liberality, I would make the appeal with
an urgency which should be overwhelm-
tg, that the general Assembly will not
rise, until it shall have redeemed the
high obligations of the present to futufe
generations. Georgia is in advance, in
/naleiial prosperity and improvement;
she is in the rear, on the subject of com
mon school education. The slap, driven
before the wind, may sail,readily fora
time, without helmsmao, but slut will
be wrecked at last. Education is to
State progress, wliat ihe helmsman is to
the ship; the'more rapid her career,
without it the sooner she will be stran
ded. •
In this connection, the State Univer
sity is .earnestly commended to your fos
tering cafe. By reference to the act of
1785, •* for the more full aw l complete
es nbii-hnTent of a public seat of learn
ing in (his State,'’ it is quite evident that
our forefathers deigned to erect a.Uni-
versi'y of the highest cltariu ter. It is
apparent, from the preamble to the hill
and from the very liberal endowment-fur
.which they provided. In view of., thq-
panmounl importance which they at
tached^ to libera]* •dq£a*Mn^n#]t means
t f sustaining and perpetuating free jjo v -
ernment, tliey felt that it was a huinitii
ting ackuowtedgernentvof tlte ignoratieo
or inf. riorky of our own State, to send
our .youth abroad to others, for its ac
quisition. If this were true in 1785
Ute policy which they then developed is
still more*to be deprecated" now, when,
by sending them to other States, they atfe
Surrounded by prejudices and infiuen-
.ces against our domestic institution
calctdated to-^ive an unwholesome direc
lion to their sentiments. The original
Resign of tlie founders of our State Uni
versity ought therefore to be completed
and perfected. It should be so endow
ed, and furnished with all the facilith
for the prosecution of scientific research
as' to enable tlie devotees of learning (o
reach ihe highest attainments. Several
oilier professorships should be created,
and ample appropriations made for suj
compensation as will command the high
est talent lo nil them.
D. N. JUltSON.
Commission Merchant,
HEALER IN
Choice Grrocmes.
AND
AJ+L MINDS OF COUNTRY PRODUCE
Broad Street, Athens, Gr.
April 19. 1855.
’ SUMMEY & JONES,
'•>■ DEALERS IN
GROCERIES. HARDWARE. STAPLE-
iMlYGOOUa, 8TOYES, IRON, CAST
INGS. CROCKERY-WARE, fc«, *
tST Comer of Broad and Watl streets,
•Athens. On. - Angus; 16,18:dk’
R. JONES. r. A. SVMMET.
Wv G. DELONY.
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
TYTILL givehrss'pecmlattentlMtitocolleCt-
V V ing, and to the claims of all persous en
titled Io Land Warrants, under the late
Bounty Land Bill fif li t last-Congresr,
ty Otfice «b Broad Street uver thn store
Of Y. U. Kenney.
March 15—1855—tf.
FINE WINES.
TyV.RSONS de*irmi» ofprocnrbigfine Wia'ee
1 ttfuvery deao»iption,candoBobyc.n.rg
at Co'ttb* A Co’*, bxjtrpw ,- JU ,
Jbe f mud tl»e b**t article of Fierier aud Tim
menCe Double Strong Ate. AUo ga baud
JwjutorlK»tHebnrtnfCairnrha (I'tttr.
I rccoipniend » return to annual- fis
sions of the General' Assembly, The
growing and diversified interests of the
State require it. The people in %jkpp-
“ulttr goverment should, every - year
have their minds specially directed to
t)ie principle* on which it is based and
should be conducted, and by their rep
resentatives, review its administration.
Nothing will so effectually- enforce res
ponsibility upon its officers of every
grade, from the highest to the* lowest
So for irom being tire vH,annual election*
are important, they mferest ihe «na-*e*
in tlie-polhios of tt>eir_country, and they
become enlightened by -tlie discussions
they provoke. The executive term be.-
gius anil ends with the Legislature’ and
consequently, both Governor and Legis
lature enter upon their respective depart
ments without much knowledge of the
By the liberality of the late Dr. Wit
liam Terrell, an Agricultural chair has
been established, and $20,000 donated
the interest of which is to be applied to?
the supp-wt of itsjl^rofejsor.in.thq State
University. - But this is indequate, To
render the department efficient and use
ful, the Legislature should not only in
crease the sum toxhe exfent 4 of un ample
endowment, but also make a suitah p
Appropriation for fitting it up with am
ple means of instruction, illustration and
experiment. The* appeal, upon this
soore, wifi not be iiy vain. It is the first
movement in Gq° r gia .in.favor of .Agri
cultural education, hitherto hioTe nega
ted, .although more important than
adjourns and leaves the* government- in
the hands o£ :tbe Executive; his term
expires at the assembling of tho next
aud no opportunity is afforded to review
his conduct, until after Ke has mired
from office." The reflifdy for this i
a return to -ftnnual sessionst Rut the
duration of.Uie, session shpult) be'limited
by the Con^titujion.
LUL'CATIOX.
Our political system is based upon the
maxim, that the people are capable
self government. . This presupposesi
aLy other brunch. The Professor rfiay
produce annually his cuurseof Lectures,
.and -delight his cla*s.with the theory qf
Agriculture, but he must have the me ms
duties l#rv enquire.— lbs 'Legislature* of illustration add experiment to unfold
Up'relationano,' and dependence upon
Mineralogy, Geology, Botany, Chemis
try, Na'ural History and Mehhanics.—
Agriculture fs the most important, be
cause it is the foundation of all other
put suits. It supplies Commerce and
Manufactures m all their various and
multiplied departments, with whatever
imparts to them activity, prosperity and
vitality* Heqce the indispensability ol'
its being directed and dignified by the
light of science and the devotion of edu
cated mind.
AGRICULTURE AND MIXING.
*The promotion of Agriculture and the
development of our Mineral resources
should engage the earnest attentio-i of
the Legislature. In the olde^region of
the State, muc 1 ' of the lands have been
exhausted by tillage, and planters are
turning attention to the reclamation ot
swamps, by ditching and embanking.—
The latter process, in many instances,
is prevented by the fwl that embank
ments throw back watsr over the lands
of adjacent owners. When this is the
case, the apprehension of aojnjunclion
at rests the enterprise. 1 recommend
the passage of a law to authorise any
person owning swamp land oh one side
of a stream or creek, to embank the
same, although ^t should have the effect"
to increase the water over the swamp of
the other side owned by.another. Such
an act will greatly promote such enter
prises and lead, to the reclamation iff
thousands of acres of the most produc
tive lands, which are otherwise value
less.
As a further means of encouraging
Agriculture, nnd the development of the
mineral weSitb of. the ^tafe, l recom
mend that provision be* -made hy the
Legislature for the appointment with a
suitable satary, of State Geologist, Min
eralogist and Agricultural Chemist. Ilis
office-should be located at the Capital
aud hi* general duty should be to make
a Ge 'logical survey of Hie Sl ite, direct
the mode of testing for ores, analyze
soils arid point out the various kinds of
measttMrtf for their fertilization. . To
make the organization of such a depart
ment efficient and useful, it would re
quire ihe State to be divided into Geolo
gical Districts, and ihe employment of
assistants. Its details, however, will
readily suggest themselves to the Legis
lature, and the policy orice adopted in
go-d earnest, time and experience will
very soon perfect it. A similar appoint
ment, in other States, has been attend
ed with beneficial results. It is more
easy to adduce than to select illustrations
of its advantages. In Georgia, but lit-'
tie. attention has.beet} devoted to Agri
cultural education ; anti without di.-par-
agement to our planters, it must be con
fessed. that their success is mainly the
-result of fertility of soil and Unconquera
ble energy and industry. They owebut
little to the application of scientific prin
ciples to the multiplied details of the
plantation. But as the lauds become.
oKl.au-tcd by such a sysleir|_*»f. cultiva
tion. they will reTusetnelr wontedyleld,
until science shall come L> iheir rescue,
by showing the means of their re-uscita*
tion. The office under consideration
will to a consirerable extent remedy this
wide spread evil. By his analysis of
specimens of soils furnished to him, he
will exjdain .to The pwneis the charac-
coraponeuts and quantity of the
manures required to fertilise them. By
delivering public Jeetuies as often, and
at as many points, as be may be able, he
will instruct the inhabitants of whole
Agricultural districts ns to the qualito s
of thfir lands, and the fertilizers best*
calculated to confer upon them the high
est capacity fi»r production.. This,will
soon awaken the proper spirb among the
people aud lead, as an ultimate result to
a just appreciation qf the importance of
Agricultural education. The aggregate
of advantage could be ascertained only,
by knowing fully the loss to the country,
from the absence of, and the amount
■gained- by, the application of setenoe. to
the opeiatious of the plantation. And
how shall we estimate the thrift and ac
tiirity which such an appointment will
impart to the' Mining 'interest ..of the
State?' Her mountains and hills- are
rich in embedded mines of ore. As yet
We have made but little progress in their
discovety. Vast sums are expended, in
blind experiments o ascertain their lev
cation, resulting often in the hopeless
ruin of the zealous seeker after hidden
wealth. The large amiuntsaved, in the
-work of testing for ores, is the least of
the advantages of the appoi ntment qpder
consideration. The actual wealth which
would be developed by the scientific di
rection of these operations, is incalcula
ble, whilst it would, at the same time
open new channels for capital and indus-
try». and furnish employment for thou
sands of laborers. I may not dwell at
greater length upoulhis interesting topic
l trust it will engage the serious delib
erations of the Legislature, and that they
will act as becomes enlightened states
men.
WEIGUTS AND MEASURES
By an act of the last General Assem
bly, approved February 9th, 1854, the
Governor was directed to pause to be pro
cured in some cheap and economical
way. fifty standards of weights and mea
sures, each to correspond in weight and
measure with those mow in the Execu
tive office', for the use of the new and
such old cdunties as have not been sup
plied uuder the Act of the 23d of De
cember, 1839. Upon proper investiga
tion it was ascertained that it would re
quire about $3,503; and as the Legis
lature male no provision for the pay
ment, the Act has not been carried into
execution. The object b important,
and you should make tlie requisite ap
propriation.
JUDICIART.
A case has been brought to my notice
by the enlightened courtesy of the Hon.
killed a negro, the property of Robe rt [should both prompt and limit legislative
Habersham, Esq., at Fort Jackson— i action : ti;t promotion of the morality
That place is under the exclusive control which religion inculcates mast he an
of the Uuited States, although within incidental result, not the primary object,
the county of Chatham, he -was indicted : This is the true criterion -to guide the
before the Circuit Court of the United , law-making power. To transcend it is
States, and under the charge of Judge . fanaticism, because it V the recognition
Nicoll, was acquitted,on the ground that 1 of a principle, which would justify the
the coot t h id no jurisdiction. He was! ciril authority in taking charge of the
subsequently indicted in the Superior ; Consciences of menouidenforcing moral
Court of .Chatham aud was acquit- j reforms by law, which can only be lega
ted upon the plea of the former | mately done by appeals to reason.—
acquittal. The negro was shot at Fort: Hence, the danger 4 and impolicy of at-
Jacksdn, but died beyond it. Hence temptiug to aid- the temperance cau*e
the Circuit Court had no jurisdiction.' j by.legislative prohibition of the traffic
If he 4iad beon prosecuted in the first; in ardeut spirits. It is not only wronz
instance in Chatham -Superior Court, 1 as a principle of legislation, but the
then the plea to the jurisdiction, sus
tained hy tho proof that the act was com-
mittt-d ut Fort Jackson, which belong*
to the United States, would have pro
duced his acquittal. ' Hence the Legis
lature should provide that, in such, a
case, the prosecution may be had and
the offender tried in the county in which
the death, takes place.
The object of punishment is to pre*.
tent cr-uie. To be effectual, it must
be sufficiently severe, to operate as a
terror to evil doers, and sufficiently cer
tain, to cut off the hope of -impunity —
if it b? too mild, the offeuder will rather
endure it than forego the gratification
ofr.bis vicious passions and unlawful
designs. If more than commensurate
will) the turpitude of the crime, it
shocks the sense of public justice, aud.
consequently, the tran*gress->c escapes.
These remarks are suggested by the act
of the last session, approved 20: it Febru
ary,-1854,*imposing Penitentiary pun-
.bhinent oh Faro dealing and gaming of
that character. The evil intended to
.be fxrevemed is great, but ths law foils
lo answer the purpose. There has not
beett a single conviction under it. The
offence goes entirely unpunished—even'
unprusecuted. It abound* in all our
cities and at our fashionable watering
places. It is bold ; it scarcely seeks to
conceal itself from public gaze. Why
this? It is because the penalty is too
rere. Public opinion does not de
mand that it shall be visited with Peni
tentiary imprisonment. Hence, _ the
law goes unexecuted, and in tead of pre-
enting. it has lucre<tsed the evil it de-
•ned to suppress. . I therefore recom-
nn*n I its repeal, or such modification as
will adjust l te penalty to the nature of
the offence
The law organizing the Supreme
Court for the Correction of Errors, re
quires that tribunal to hold its sessions
at nine different points in the St.ite, to
wit; Columbus, Americus, Macon, De
catur, Milledgeville. Augusta, Gaines
ville, Cassvjlle and Savannah, and to
deliver their opinion-* upon each case,
durwig-the respective Terms. This im
poses so much travel upon the Judges,
and such haste in- the formation of opin
ions. as not only to make their labours
almost intolerable, but deprives them of
the time for deliberation and patient
reseach, so indispensable for the correct
determination of impoitant legal ques*
tioas. This is a glaring defect and disr
qualifies the Court from being as useful*
to the State as it might and would be,
ifit- were cured, ht is doubtless the
true cause of the'dissatisfaction with
the Court, which obtains in some sec
tions of the-Sute, anti threatens its abo
lition. This *tvould be a retrngade
movement, and the idea is mot to be
tolerated for a moment. The most en
lightened Courts sometimes err, even
under circumstances most favorable fof
the investigation of truth. • Organized
as is our Supreme Court, the wonder is
public sentiment being adverse to it, tlte
law would n<>t be enforced, intemper
ance would be undiminished and the
social evils aggravated, which it would
design to suppress.
It does not follow, however, that there
are not abuses connected with our retail
license law, which are wi(hiii-the legiti
mate reach of. the .Legislative arm.—
Whoever wi 1 ! examine the criminal
dockets of our Courts,-will see nhandanf
proof, that the system needs thn- re
straint of a maze rigid and wholesome
police. It is the fruitftil sourceoferirne
against life, 'person, property mid the
public peace; and therefore jt is the
duty of the Legislature to apply a reme
dy. I have given this subject much
reflection and am sati-fied that, if the
existing laws could be sternly ftifoiced,
mostsd' the evils connected with our
liceuse system would cease. Why ace
they not enforced. Is it because public
sentiment is opposed to them? Is it
because good citizens do not approve,
them? .is it becaiise the penfilties are
too severe? By no means. But it is
because their violation is covered iu
secrecy and darkness, so that they es
cape discovery and detection,
The grand defect therefore isapperant.
It lies iu the foot, that the existing law
requires the Clerk ofithe Inferior Court
of each county, to grant, ns a matter of
course, a license to every tnun -who com
plies with its precedent conditions.
Hence, in loq. many instances, bail and
unprincipled men obtain permission to
retail, who defy die restraints of law, if
they can conceal its violation. Now,
suppose the retail traffic were confined
to men who would respect and faithfully
obey the laws for its regulation, bit cot
evident (hat the great mass of existing
evils (hat afflict society would cease?
The remedy then, is to confine tlte gran
ting of licences to such men. How can
you effect this? Withdraw the granting
power, from the Clerk, and vest it in the
sound discretion of the Inferior Codrt of
each county. As the guardian i of the
general welfare, they * will exclude the
vicious and corrupt men from tlie traffic,
and oonfine it to those whose known'fideli
ty to the laws of the land will l et gt a at
tee for well regulated, and orderly hous
es. I feel eonfid-.-nt that this'Cfaange in
the license law would vindicate itself, by
the benefits it would diffuse, and meet
a sustaining response in the public senti
ment: -
HtLirAKf.
Our mtHua system requires entire re
organization. It might be w^ll to sub
stitute n'commutation tax iik lieu of the
present odorous requisition, of * personal
service, at the option of the militiaman.
Tlte State should encourage tlte or
ganization ofvulufiteer companies.' The
judicious application of the fund arising
1 from the commutation would be well de
voted to that object.
Prfevious to fbe last Congress, the
State lost largely.in the quota of. artAs
I cotnmcnd to your fostering care the
Georgia Military Institute. It is des
tined to. supply a grint nnd important
desideratum—military education and a
nurture of a proper military spirit.-*
Having enjoyed peace so long we permit
both to b« neglected. The character of
our civil institutions and the pursuits of
our people are not calculated to stimulate
the art^. of war. Jt is well to be so |
but \ye ought to profit by the lesson of
history, that no people ever preserved
their freedom who were not both wil
ling and. p reply ed to fight for it.
acade.viv rontiie bund.
I transmit the third Annual Report
of the Georgia Academy for the Blind,
ni»d respectfully refer you thereto, for
information as to its progress and finan
cial operations. The sightless objects
of its care are entitled to the sympathy
and aid of every patriot and |ihilanthro.
pist. Tlie successions of day and night
—fhe changes of the 'seasons, clothing
Nature in the loveliness of infinitely va-
that it does not err ofteijer, and instead to which she -was entitled fi om the Fed-
of this furnishing a ground for dispensing
with, it ought tf* present enlightened
men with the strongest reason for reme
dying its imperfections. I therefore
rec«nnmend, that the Constitution be so
altered as to confine its sessions to one
point in the State ; and as the State is
collecting a valuable Law Library at the
eral government under the law of 1S03
on account of the impe.-feet return*
of
our militia strength. We have lost not
less than $30,000, equal to 3,846 mus
kets. But the law is now so amended
as to distribute the quotas of arras to-the
several States, according to their
presentation in Congress. SiiH, V >w-
Capitai’ h ia the proper point for Us per-! e' er, it is important for you to adopt
manent location. They should also be! 8om « P Ian io pertain the numerical
permitted, when the Judges may desire, i strength of our militia. It may be doite
to hold np cases for further deliberation ! by requiring the Receiver of tax returns
and investigation. This will correct the 1 »«* ‘be several counties, to make a. Hst of
prominent defects in its organization all male eitizcnsjtetween the ages of IS
and Tender it more efficient.
" ‘ RETAIL license.
It is painful to the patriot and Chris
tian to wituess the ravages of intem
perance. Like war and. pestilence,
it leaves in its pathway its millions of
victims stain, lamentation and wo. It
pours desecration and contempt upon
all that is hallowed in domestic life, and
all that is sacred in the rites of our holy
religion. The good man naturally en
quires.for a remeJy He looks back
upon the past—eloquence and argument
have grappled with it, social organiza
tion has exerted its combined instru
mentality. Christianity has wept and
pnved over it—and yet the evil con
tinues. Losing sight of the potency of
inoral sua-ioq, losing faith io the ulti
mate triumph of truth and virtue, and
impatient tjpr summary relief, he feels
that legislation must come to the rescue,
by prohibiting th*-sa!e of intoxicating
liquors. This leads us to search for
the delicate line which defines the legiti
mate sphere of the civil power. The
Legislature is the guardian of the general
welfare It js jt* duty to secure public
peace and tranquility, and to protect per-
Circuit, which suggests the propriety.of
legislative remedy.
A matt by the name of McCollough
by the enlightened courtesy oi mo tio»- r ~ T ! .*' 1 V . Y »
W. B. Flemming. Judge of the Eastern son.* character and prop-rty. But why ?
... . F ‘ ° ° (V«»t tinnTtMVtimrK. mU nPP.nilQP
Not becaqse religion eujoins.but because
the interest of the body s<<eial demands it.
Hence, social and civil necessity only
and -45 years. This Hst eould -be tabu
lated among their respective regrriems,-
brigades and divisions under the -direc
tion of the Governor. This would en
able the commander-in-chief in case of a
call for troops by the general govern
ment, if the number were greater than
could be raised by volunteers, to equal
ize the draft among the several military
divisions.
The State will in a.few years- be sop*
jdied by a well educated,' Scientific and
efficient^orps of young tnen. to officer
her troops, should necessity require, in
the graduates of the Georgia -Military
Institute,capable to discharge the.du-'
ties of any post in any department Of
military service. Two classes, one fif'
six and -the Other of fifteen members^
have already been graduated; their
scientific skill and military, knowledge
can readily be made available and the
volunteer Organization of the State plac-’
ed upon a permanent footing.
There are in the arsenal at Savan
nah thirty pieces of siege and fifild ar
tillery. Most of them have been ‘con
demned as Useless: Tliey should be
sold. The small arms in both of our
arsenals are of obsolete model. These,
also, with the exception bf thq Tower
muskets in the at senal at Milledgeville,
should be exchanged for new and effi
cient weapons.
finhi-ly
negated colors, arc all unenjoyed, un
appreciated by the blind. To them
earthly existence is one long, dark mo*
notorious night, without a g!immcrln«
st.ir to relieve iisgloom. L*t the L**g-
ishrtnie take tlh-m under its fostering
care, and nurse ijiis infant school into
vigorous maturity and effi-;imt useful*
nt*ss. •'
GEORCI.tASTLCM FOR THE DEAR AND
l>UMn.
The G orgia Asylum for the Deaf
and Dp mb presents similar claims u, on
your favorable consideration. Its sixth
Annual Report, herewith transmitted,
shows.that it is gradually advancing tq
usefulness. The institution needs more
xtended accommodations in the way ot
buildings. The Report represents that
about 88,008 will be sufficient for the
purpose, and asks ihe Legislature for its -
ppropriation. It would, be well also,
that prevision should be made .for (he
employment qf «n agent to devote his
whole time irt seeking out aild Itriqgjng
to the institution the unfortunate objects
whom it is designed to benefit. Tl|e
same individual ftiight also be tbe ag- nt
of the Academy fertile Blind, and thus
perform the service for both establish
ments. This arrangement would be*
at once, c onomical and useful, nnd bring
the Blind and Mute within the genial
sphere if-an education adapted to theif
respective conditions.
LUNATIC ASTtUM.
The Lubatic Asylum,' although fof
from completion, both as to the ncccs-
sary buildings and the full consumma
tion o. the object of its establishment,
is yet sufficiently advauced to become a
fixed and settle I object of Legislative-
regard and support. Its ultimate suc
cess is now beyond contingency. It ia.
destined to be an horror to the 'taste*
liberality and plrilanthropy of Georgia.
Under the Act, approved February 18th
1854, 1 appointed' Drs. R. D. Arnold,
Richard Moore and'Phillip Minis, nnd
Hines Holt and*A'. M. Nisbct, Esqrs.,
to investigate and" determine tip;»n the
buddings necessary to be .erected, for
the additional accommodation of Luna*
tics. U,(»on tKe resignation .of Df.
Minis and Col. Holt, tlieir vacancy*
Wjts’filld by the appointment of R H,
Ramsay whd Nithm McGhee, E.-qra.
The necessary Imildings have been do*
termjned upon, put under contract and
arrf in rapid progress of construction, f
refer you to the report of this board
herewith transmitted, for the details of
their proceedings, the term-of the con*
tracts.for rite building*, the amount ex
pended, and the amount necessary to
their completion.
Looking to the proviso of tho fourth
section of this act. I first doubted
whether it authorized the -work to pro
ceed, if the estint ites tran-cended 850,* -*
600. - But being satisfied, as it must ap*
pear to every intelligent, man, that the
•nstita-ion couM not be enlarged to an
extent equal to the necessity of th 'case, •
nor in architectural harmony with the
original design, nor in • accordance with
the character of the State, my construc
tion of the proviso-was, that it intended
to limit the expenditures to $50,000,
f [prior lo another session of the l.egi-la-
ture; It was the opinion, also of the
commissioners, a m jo. i y of thorn being
physicians fi.tciliyr wj.h (he necessities
of such Institution^ that if the Legisla
ture intended to limit the extent ofthe
improvements within'the aggregate ant|
final sujn of $50,033, it was totally iu*
-adequate fo fomfoh the necessary adul-
’ tiorial avCoffitgodaliens. Hence, it seem
ed to be the reasonable intention of the
act, to initiate su h ' iinprovemcnts aud
additions fo the As^unf bqiuiings as
would eudble tbe rustitution to Aflfil (he
end of its establishment, to appropriaie
$59,000 for the first two years, and
leave it.to a succeeding Legislature- to
complete the w& k.* Uu'der this con
struction of the law I did not hesitate
to saocliojf itie report of the gentlemen
appoinfed. and permit ihe work lopn-
gresli.. It will devolve upon the Legis- •
(ature io make the appropriation neces
sary for its completion. . . \ ^ .‘ 1
I herewith.tran-mit the bi-ennial re
port of the trustees, Superintendent and
Resident Physician. From (hem \ou
will loaru fully the progre*s, p>u Iftiou
and operations of the institutim); n'l r--.
fleeting credit upon thp-fi ielity ■>!' tijose
to whom its interests an* confided. They
will disclose toyru its wanst; let iljeu;
be supplied with a liherality oommen-.
-urate with the claims of tiie unfortunate
demented, andivorthy the character of-
a great and growing State.