Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 183?-1864, November 07, 1844, Image 2

Weekly chronicle & sentinel., November 07, 1844, Page 2, Image 2

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Newspaper Page Text2 tne anove affidavit purports to have teen taken, "■as, i.ttbe time of taking the same, an acting Justice of the Peace, duly qualified to adminis ter oaths; and I further certify, that 1 am ac quainted with the hand-writing of said Page, and believe the same to be genuine. In testimony whereof, 1 have hereunto set and affixed the seal of the Circuit Court for [L. S ] the county of Genessee aforesaid, on this 21 st day of October, 1841. THOMAS R. CUMMINGS, Clerk of said County. State of Michigan, County of Genessee. We, the undersigned, Whig county corres ponding committee, tor the county ot Genessee aforesaid, do certify, that we are well acquaint ed with the above named J. B Garland, that he is a man ot irreproachable character, and a member of the Presbyterian church, in good standing in this village—that he this day called upon us and exhibited for our inspection the let ter, of which the above is a true copy—that h stated to us that he had called upon me publish er of the “North Star,’’ published at Saginaw’, and requested him to publish the foregoing, but that he refused—to all of which we hereby cer tify. Flint, Genessee County, Oct 21. 1814. JAMES BIRDSALL, A. THAYER, A. P. D \VIS, County Corresponding Committee. A Hint.—Don’t suffer your revolving hay rake, and your wagon rack, and hand rakes, and whatever else you have used in the haying and harvesting just finished, to lie out in the fields exposed to the weather, but see them well housed for another season. The weather de stroys more tools than hard work, with some farmers; an 1 more valuable time is lost hunt ing up and repairing 10-t implements, than their original cost. — Albany Cul'ivator. F-ir ’he Southern Cultivator. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY IN HOUSTON CO. J my 4th, 1844. A portion of the planters of Houston county met this day at Perry, for the purpose of form ing an Agricultural Society. On motion of Gen. B. H. Rutherford: Dr. Chas. West was called to the Chair, and Col. J. D. Havis requested to act as Secretary. It was then Resolved, That the Chairman appoint a com mittee of live, to dealt a suitable constitution and bye-laws lor the govern mentof the Society. Dr. D. B. Hamilton, S. Felden, J. C. West, T. M. Furlow and Dr. A. T. Calhoun were ap pointed that Committee. The meeting then adjourned to the first Tues day in August to receive the Reportof the Com mittee. CHARLES WEST, Ch’n. J. D. Havis, Sec’ry. August 6th, 1841. The Meeting convened this day, accotding to adjournment, Maj. James M. Kelly in the Chair; J. D. Havis, Secretary. The Chairman of the Committee appointed at the last meeting for drafting a Constitution, made the Report of said Committee, which be ing adopted, the Society went into the election of officers, which resulted in the choice of the following: Gen. B. H. Rutherford, President; Vice Presidents, Judge D. Gunn, James Mc- Kinney, Capt. George R. Clayton, Dr. Charles West, Dr. C. T. Woodson, Maj. A. Smith, J. C. West, Dr. Bradwell, Maj. Be Ivin, - Rev. A. T. Holmes, Mr. Cliett, T. M. Furlow, Esq., Maj. J. M. Kelly and Jesse D. Havis; Record ing Secretary, Dr. David B. Hamilton; Cor responding Secretary, Charles Rice, Esq.; Treasurer, Dr. A. Calhoun. A subject for discussion on the first Tuesday in October (our first regular meeting) being chosen, the Society adjourned. JAMES M. KELLY, Ch’n. Jesse D. Havis, Sec’ry’. For the Southern Cultivator. ECONOMY. Stanfordvillb, Ga., October 22, 1844. Mr. Editor: - 1 propose in this communica tion, to give to the readers ot the Southern Cul tivator, a few thoughts connected with facts touching the subject of economy. The low price of cotton for several years has brought about a perceptible change, at least with a great many. There is more dependence now than formerly on our spinning wheel’ and looms for the clothing of our families. There ate se veral of my acquaintances who do not buy any part ot their negro clothing; and the good la dies of our country have applied their willing hands and hearts to prove to the world that they can manulacture clothing for their husbands and suns, that will make them appear as respec table as ii <ty were clothed with goods that had passed through a custom house. Should not these effwts of the taffies stimulate toe men to look well to their ways and means, and give their wives all the encouragement that the na ture of the case requires; provide forthem al! the necessary conveniences, such as good cards, wheels, looms, warping bars, and spool frames, and not suffer their wives, as some men do, to be put to the necessity of going to a neighbor’s to warp a piece of cloth. Perhaps the wife, in the course of a year, may lose a week in those kind of errands, while, if the husbanuwas ofthv right kind of grit, he would make a pairof warp ing bars in one day, which, with care, would last to the third generation. There has a fa vorable change taken place with some men in this section in their manner of doing busi ness, viz: they pay the cash for all their deal ings as they take place. Tnis is good economy, as goo Is for the cash can be had for at least from 8 to 12J per cent, lower th tn they can be obtain ed on a credit; and when the c sh system is carried out, how easy it is to settle up the year’s business at Christmas, which is looked on as the time for settlements amongst planters. N<l that 1 advocate the cash system any farther than is practicable: there are many men who are not prepatedto stand up to it, therefore itjseconomy forthem to have the goo! resulting from credit so far as it may be to their advantage. At the same time, no man should buy an article mere ly because he is getting a long credit on it, as pay day will surely come and will not tarry, no noteven fol a rainy day. But after a man has contracted a debt he should use all the means within hispower to be punctual in payment. If he is not ready when his debts become due, be should by nomeans be seen to slip around to avoid meeting his creditor, but should come up with a suitable deportment and frankly acknow ledge his inability to discharge his obligations, and make the best arrangements he can with his creditor-. 1 his is good economy, as it gives some confidence and saves unpleasant feelings to both parties. It is bad economy for a planter to undertake to make a crop with a worn-outset of tools, as the work is harder in every particular, nor will it be near as well done, neither will there be as much performed as could have been with gorxl sharp tools. A good hoe-hand can do enough more Work with a good hoe in one week and with more ease, than he could with an old, dull hoe, to pay for the good hoe; two good axe-hands can, with firsi rate axes, do more cutting in any given time than three can do with indifferent ones. Any man that has worked on a planta tion, I expect, has done enough to have found that there was a great difference between a poor tool and a good one. A planter need not expect to have good plowing done with shackling plows and plow-hoes, and without good plow ing it is idle to expect a good crop. I am of opinion, Mr. Editor, that it would be good economy with us planters to increase the number of our sheep and reduce the number of our cows, as I know from experience that one cow, well kept, will yield more mil« and butter than two or three without any extra attention. For any planter who has a plenty of land to at. ford sheep a good range, 1 consider them the most profitable stock he can have, taking into consideration the small amount it requires to keep them. Sheep, with a lull supply of pas turage, with frequent changes from one place to another, or from one pasture to another, re quire but very little feeding through the witter. The best feed we have forsheepin this part of the country is cotton seed and good green fodder,and by giving them sufficient old fields to range on, this might be almost or entirely dispensed with. It will not do to keep sheep in small enclosures long at a time, let their feed be wh.it it may. It is bad economy to feed sheep on sheaf oats, I have said to keep them up or in a s nail field, and feed them on oats, they would be soon fed to death; and I was not far from the truth, for I never have known sheep to do well when fed on oats long at a time, but alfogether to the contra ry. 1 have never found but that sheep do as well here as they do in Virginia, and as regards the ewes having lambs, they do much better,for it is not uncommon tor lambs there to be frozen to death immediately after being dropped, which I have never known to be the case here. It we would keep the briersand burs out us the way of our sheep they would yield us as good a coat ot wool as sheep do in the northern states, and so far as I have been able to judge, the quality is as good, after taking into consideration the difference in the breed, as we have none ot the best blood amongst our sheep, that I know ot. I am, Mr. Editor, yours respectfully, John Farrar. P. S.—Your correspondent, Mr. Haygood, made some very justifiable remarks respecting seeds and seeds-men, in the Cultivator of the 23d instant. 1 think 1 can put Mr. Haygood in away to keep in a stock ot good seeds on a more economical plan, than to depend on seeds-men for them, viz: after once gettingthe kind of seed that suits him, to save hisown seed from them. 1 have not bought any seed since 1 have come to the state, and perhaps have as good cabbages, beets, &c. as those who buy their seed every year. .My plan for saving seed is to take as many ot the best cabbages as I want for seed just belore hard frost sets in, cut the root and part ot the stalk off, and dig a trench deep enough to bury the heads, leaving the tops a little out of the ground, and lay some corn-stalks or boards over them in cold weather—in the spring they will >ake root and run to seed. Trim off all the weakly sprouts; save the bes only’ for seed—should they get lousy, smoke them with tobacco or sulphur. By pursuing this plan, I have kept a stock of good and pure seed. Beets, turnips, &c. may remain in the ground where they grew* till the last of January, or later, it cold weather then take up as many of them as are wanting for seed, trim oft all the small roots and set them out to bear seed. It the weather is dry when this is done, they must be watered. As they run to seed, trim off all but the best branches, the remainder will produce good seed without deteriorating. J. F. From the .Southern Agriculturist. FENCES—STOCK—MANURE. In some parts ul tlie State, umber isbecoming so scarce, that it will be n serious how we are to provide fences for bur fields. Many kinds of live fences have been suggested and recommended. I have never seen one of any great length in any country, that would turn a vicious hog; I have my doubts whether any can be made that may be reliedon, and I am sure that none can without vast trouble and ex pense, and many years of unremitted perseve rance. Di'ches are but little better—being equally unsafe and expensive. What is lobe done then? I suggest, that instead of fencing our fields, we fence oar stock. There are tew farmers who have not a mile, many twen’y miles or more ot fencing to keep up, while a lew hun red rails or leet of plank, will lence their stock in securely. The ready objection is, that we can not raise stock without range or pastures. Let us see. It is stated by an ex perienced breeder that a hog may be kept in a thriving condition on an ear of corn per day. 1 am sure he may be on two ears. And if they are crushed and boiled, he will fatten rapidly. Seven hundred and thirty average ears ot corn will not make over six, or at most six and a halt bushels ot corn, which will be his yearly allowance—say ten bushels to teed him until eighteen months old. It is a good hog that will at this age, with our common treatment, weigh 150 lbs. nett. If fed in a pen, well watered and supplied with rotten wood or charcoal, which cost noihing, I will guarantee that he will weigh 200 lbs. The pork, therefore, including the cost of attention, will not be but three cents per pound. Do we raise it cheaper now, when we consider that we have to keep so many sows more, than we should on this plan, to ensure a sufficient number ot pigs; that we lose so many shotes by the accidents of the range, and that we have to feed thin hogs so bountifully for a momh or six weeks before killing? But there are other important considerations. We might w’ith this system keep only the impro/ed breeds, ant! by such steady leeding secure all the bene fit of the improvement which is lost, when we turn them into the woods. An accurate and very judicious farmer in Virginia, estimates that a hog well littered and properly fed, will make 250 bushels of good manure per annum; and hog manure is. we know, at least twice as valuable as stable manure. Now, how much corn will 250 bush elsof good hog manure, put upon two or three acres, increase the corn crop? At least twenty bushels—probably much more. Here then you have a return ot twenty bushels for six ai.d a half fed, or certainly for ten ted—giving you 200 lbs. ot pork, and leaving you ten bushels, to remunerate you for feeding, littering, and hauling out and spreading your manure. At this ra'e, I am no 1 , sure—paradoxical as it may appear—that a farmer would not make by feed ing his neighbor’s hog for the manure, and re turning him his hog when ready for the knife. 1 am positively sure, that lie will find it far more profitable to pen and teed his own, than to give them the best range and pastures. And now that we must plant corn largely, lie cause we cannot plant cotton at present prices, 1 hope the experiment will be generally tried. I believe that the same thing would be true as re gards cattle, if the best breeds were selected, a dairy established wherever it is attempted to raise them, and their manure carefully saved. Our win.ers are mild; catlie standing still re quire less food than those ranging at will; our sh cks, pea-vines, potato and pitnlar vines, and crab and crow-foot grasses, afford an incalcula ble amount of forage, which we may secure if our cotton crop is tight. And our Indian corn is a treasure for feeding stock, which, tn our propensity to imitate everything foreign, and to introduce grasses which our hot and dry sum mer will not allow to flourish, we overlook too much. It is worth all the grasses in the world. Every inch of it from root to tassel is rich in nutriment; cured and cut, its stalk is equal to sugar beet; and the cob, shock and grain, ground together and boiled, is as good as any . q jal amount ot food known—oil-cake scarcely excepted. If then we turn our attention to it, we shall find t 'at we can raise stock lor our own use, and also for market, in enclosure, as well or be - terthan it can be done in any other country; and what a world of rail splitting it would save —of lence making, and fence mending—of corn destroyed and potatoes rooted in despite of all we can do. And how many’ violent and sometimes fatal quarrels among neighbors would be pievented. Perhapsthe most fruitful source ot bickering and open war in every neighborhood, is the lawless incursions of stock upon tbreign domains. In Enrope and in some pans of America, stock arc mostly enclosed. On lhe other continent, there is rarely pretence ot a fence or hedge, and in England hedges are of little real use. They would be ot none against our swine and cattle, which are mostly of the “Liberty Boy” breed. It may seem premature to talk of enclosing here. Ido not think it is. 1 believe it would be profitable wherever manure is warned; and I think few will deny that want here. 1 enclose for profit, though 1 have to keep fences against my neighbors’ stock, the value ot which would purchase my meat tor five years to come. 1 in vite planters to consider the matter. Holkham. • From the Philadelphia Saturday Courier. PRESERVATION OF APPLES. A gentleman f rom the northern part of Indi ana recently communicated to us a fact in re gard to the’preservation of apples, which will he new to many of our readers, and valuable to all farmers. He says, that, to keep apples Irom Autumn to June, he places them in a shallow aide, dug as for Irish potatoes, having covered I the bottom with corn-stalk - or straw, and the straw with dirt to the depth ol fiveorsix inches. No shelter is placed over them. As soon as th- 'u’vrrc-weather arrives, and the ground, and perhaps the appiesthemselves,become thorough ly frozen, straw is again placed over the frozen heap, and the whole again covered with a coat ing of earth, —this lime ten or twelve inches thick. The object is to keep the first coating of earth frozen until spt ing, and then to cause it to thaw very slowly. The same treatment may be given to turnips, Irish potatoes, beets,and carrots. Any ofthese roots may be thoroughly Irozett without injury, provided they are then covered well over, and suffered to thaw by slow degrees. Sweet potatoes are almost the only exception among roots to this rule. They ate injured by’ a small degree ot cold, and without being fro zen. It is only the sudden thawing that causes the dissolution of the apple or potafoe that has been frozen. If in the frozen state, an Irish po tato is pul into cold water, until the frost is out, and is then cooked, it will be as good as it it had never been frozen. All these are facts, which we know from our own experience, and that of many others From the Southern Planter. DECAY OF PEACH TREES. A singular fact and one worthy of being re corded, was mentioned to us a few days since by Mr. Alexander Duke, of Albemarle. He stated, that whilst on a visit to a neighbor, his attention was called to a large peach orchard, every tree in which had been totally destroyed by the ravages ot the worm, with the exception of three; and these three were probably the most thrifty and flourishing peach trees he ever saw. The only cause of their superiority known to his host, was an experiment made in consequence of observing that ihose parts of worm-eaten timber into which nails had been driven, were generally sound. When his trees were about a year old he had selected three of them and driven a lenpenny nail through the body, as nearthe ground aspossible; whilst the balance ot the orchard had gradually failed and finally yielded entirely to the ravages of the worms, these three trees, selected at random, treated precisely inthe same manner, with the exception of the nailing, had always been vi gtwous and healthy, furnishing him at that very period with the greatest profusion of the most luscious fruit. It is supposed that the salt of iron afforded bythe nail is offensive to the worm, whilst it is harmlos, or perhaps even beneficial to ths tree. €l)roniclc ani> Sentinel. AUGUSTA. TUESDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 5. Exchanue at par.—We undeistand the Me chanics’ Bank will check on the Northern cities this day, at par. What of ths Battle?—At the moment of our writing this, the balloting lor a Chief Magis trate of this Republic is going on in fourteen Slates; and when the sup sets, it will, beyond a doubt, have gone down upon a result fraught with consequences of immense magnitude to the people of lhe whole Union. What that result is, we shall, of course, be advised of in a few days. If, as we confidently hope is the case, Mr. Clay has been chosen, it will be impossible to calculate the immensity of good which will flow therefrom to the country. Four years of sound constitutional government will do much toward regenerating the political condition of the confederacy, if, as in the in stance ot the administration of the younger Adams, the foul spirit of faction ants political depravity be not again too powerful for reason ana justice. But we have had twice the seven years of Pharaoh’s Egyptian barrenness, politi cally considered— andhistory will have preached in vain, if our citizens, with lhe evils that fol lowed in the train of the successful war oldema" gogues against the interestsotthe people, political and pecuniary, yet fresh in their recollection, sutler themselves again to be led into a factious opposition to the administration, should Mr. Clay be chosen, merely to benefit party leaders. 11, therefore, the choice ot the American peopleshall have fallen upon the Statesman ot Kentucky, Patriotism will have cause to rejoice indeed! for the day of small politicians—mere fishers in the troubled pools ot partizan calculations and schemes—will, for a season at least, have been effectually and conclusively ended ; andthecur rent of rational government, we doubt not, will again have a free course in its accustomed, though long-deserted, channels, carrying health, happiness and prosperity to the remotest corners ot the Republic. Freedom may well indeed pro vide a day ot jubilee, for the desire of every triend ol the Union will have been accomplish ed! If, however, contrary to our anticipations, the dayot party madness has not yet seen its eve ning, and James K. Polk shall prove to be the choice of a majority of the voters, who possesses sufficient prescience to prognosticate what may be the fate of this Union and this people, ere the four years of his Administration shall have ter minated? Posterity, at least, will have cause to mourn, if indeed the present generation shall not have cause to curse, the fatuity which led to his being invested with the Chief Magistra cy 1 It would be the tearing asunder of the last remnant of conservatism which popular caprice, marshalled and brought into action by corrupt and reckless politicians, whose ideas traverse but the four sides ol the national money chest, has left to give a tone and character to our go vernment sufficient to save it from universal scorn and detestation. A merciful Providence, we trust, however, has so ordered it, that the Pandora’s box ol Polk’s Administration is not to be opened upon this Re public, which has scarce been able to survive the enormities of the misrule of the last fifteen years! Well, therefore, may the wise and just look with anxiety to the coming in of the returns, and exclaim each to the other, “ What of the battle ?” Georgia Medical College. By the notice contained in our paper, it will be seen that the annual course of Lectures in the Medical College, in this city, is to commence on Monday next, and that the different depart ments are to be committed to the same experi enced and learned Professors who have so ably and satisfactorily discharged their trusts hereto fore. In taking a stroll through the College, a few days since, we found the “ busy note of prepara, tion” for the accomodation of the students, and the effectual dissemination of metZicai truths and science, in full tone, and we predict for the Col lege a season of unexampled prosperity’ and suc cess —a prosperity and success, however, which has been richly and honorably earned, and which, we doubt not, will continue to abide by it, while the same talent and assiduity, which have built up this Institution,from a very small beginning—a young and tender shoot—until it has justly taken a place in the front rank of similar Schools of Science, and spread its branches ot usefulness, skill and fame over a wide circuit ot country, shall continue to pre side over its destinies and direct its enetgies. From present indications, also, we are pleas ed to learn, the Class in attendance upon the Lectures promises to be much larger than at any previous season. Fire. —On Saturday last, the dwelling house, kitchen and dairy of Gen. Geo. W. Summers, on the Sand Hills, were consumed by fire, thought to be the result of carelessness on the part of one of the servants. The fire originated in the kitchen, and had progressed so far before it was discovered, that all hope of saving the buildings was abandoned, and attention directed tosecuring the furniture, most of which was saved in a damaged state. Loss about $l5O0 — no insurance. A Whig worthy to be called a Whig.— S. Purnal, of Sumter county, Ga., who was on his return home, yesterday rode eighty miles on horseback to reach the State to vote, and we are gratified to state that he arrived in this city in time to deposite his vote lot the Whig ticket. Pass his name around. The Louisville Courier states that the accident aboard the steamboat Lucy Walker, was the result ot sheer carelessness. The first engineer is among those who Were lost. Some fifteen bodies have been recovered. One man was blown a great distance into the air, and! ell with such force as to break through the deck of the boat. This occurrence was the means of saving the lives of two or three per sons, who were confined beneath by the deck falling on them, but who were enabled to escape through the hole thus made. For the Chronicle <!’■ Sentinel. Messrs. Editors:—l have just read in your paper a communication, which I made you, re viewing, in reply to the “Constitutionalist,” the political positionsof the “ Democratic”elec tors. Upon perusing it, I fear that an inference may be drawn, that reflections ot a personal character were intended by what was said. As 1 dislike exceedingly the mingling of personali ties with political contest, even by an inference, 1 must beg you to publish this disclaimer. No consideration of political benefit couid induce me toyield for a moment to such acourse; and never would I, either directly or indirectly, per mit any remark to be thus construed. Ina poll, tical contest, personalities, or allusions to private character, but serve to degrade the dignity of an honorable warfare—and it should be the first and last duty of all who mingle in it, to prevent even the supposition of an intended allusions to either. My entire remarks were intendedpoldi cally, not personally. In justice to my own motives, and sense of propriety, please publish this note. Others may not construe my remarks in this manner, but I would prefer to remove all pretext tor misconstruction. My objections to those electors are political, not personal. JEFFERSON. £> Are the Baltimore papers sure that the new sloop of war launched at Washington was named after their “St. Mary’s?” We think mir St. Mary’s has as good a claim as theirs—and belter, because it is the bigger of the two! A Captain ot a schooner, which arrived last month at Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, from the West Indies, reports having fallen in with, in latitude 33, longitude 60, the wreck of a vessel dismasted, and nearly bottom up, and so deep in the water that her name could not be seen. She was sharp built, and had gun ports, which led the captain to suppose she was the U. S. schr. Grampus, lost several j'ears ago. This is not believed generally, as the wreck has been fre quently seen, and is supposed to be that of a French brig of war, lost off the Bermudas about a yaar since, A Cotton Planter’s Views oftlic Tariff. Letter IV. N..TCt:::z, Sc: t. 25. 1811. Dear Sir: 1 huve teeetved your iet'er ol loth inst. I did not intend to address you again on the subject discussed in my former letters. In deed, the able letter ot Dr. Cartwright, in which this subject is so fully would seem to supersede the necessity for further communica tion. On the subjec ot annexation, I find some ot our planters do not fully concur in the extent of the capacity.of Tekas lor producing cotton. They think there is so li tile good land to be found there, that we have little to tear from her as a competitor. Such, however, is not the opinion in Tennessee, North Alabama, Georgia and the Carolinas. No man will pretend to assert that the planters ot Louisiana and Mississippi would abandon their own itnile soil for that of Texas, or any other country. But the case is widely different in other sections, less suited to the pro fitable cult tire ol co.ton; and it is unquestionably true, that many plantations would be abandoned there, and the sieves removed to Texas, where they certainly would produce double the quanti ty ’they are now doing. This, alone, would greatly increase the crop of the United Slates. But it would be still further increased by the withdrawal ol slaves from Maryland and' Vir ginia, where cotton is not grown, and their re moval to the plantations abandoned by those who would have removed to Texas. We would thus have the same product in the United States proper; and, in addition, all that was raised by the hands removed to Texas. 1 therefore see no reason to change iny estimate of the increas ed production ol cotton, Irom annexation: on the contrary, I believe tciZ4 Texas, out annual crop would never be less than three millions ot bales, while, without her, we may be able to confine it to a range, between two and two and a half millions. Mr. Walker and others advocate this measure, on the giound that it would give to lhe United Slates an increased trade, and a large market for our products—mechanical and agricultural. I'hey attempt to prove this by figures and state ments, going to .show that our trade with that country, which a tew years back exceeded a million ot dollars in amount, is now reduced, in consequence ol the monopoly of the English, to a very small sum. Now, these advocates for annexation are, to a man, Free Trade politicians; and, it is past my humble comprehension, to be able to understand how our trade is to be enlarg ed, it, alter annexation, the Free Trade policy is to prevail. Our pimijws eill-e<»y»«t to be excluded after annn.'xaiion, as before, provided this South Carolina doctrine prevails. But in regard to the fact. Is it true that our trade with Texas has fallen off so rapidly: and, if true, may it not easily be accounted foi ? Is it not a fact, that, for our exports, which a tew years ago amounted to over a million, we have received very inadequate returns ? Is the-e not a large balance due for them at this time? And has not all, or nearly all, that has been re alized Irom them been received in Texas scrip, woith now, 12| cts. in lhe doll ir, or in Texas lands which cattnot be sold at any price!! I It is idle, then, to contend for annexation, on the ground ol extending otir trade. The coun try is now as tree for the admission ot our ex ports as it ever was; and quite as much so as it would be after annex ation. It is a maxim of trade—that it will not long be pursued without adequate returns. When a people have no mo ney to buy with, and n > articles that will be te ceived in exchange, trade must fall off; and this isthe true reason why our trade with Texas has become so inconsiderable within a lew years past. The purchase of all foreign commodities must be regulated by the means of payment— by the ability to pay for lhem. If Texas has no thing to give in exchange for our manufactures that we need, or are willing to receive, she can no more pay for them than w’e can pay for the manufactures of England, without the admis sion of our products in exchange for them. Let England open her ports to our tobacco, ourriee, our breadstuff’s generally, and then it will be time enough to talk ol /’Vee Trade. But this is verging on the Protective system again—a subject on which 1 tear I have already wearied you. The only, the inevitable result of annexation will be, to increase to a vast extent, the amount of Southern products, without any correspond ing increase in demand; but a certain de cline in price. If, wtfA Texas, onr annual crop exceeds three mi.lions of bales, which will pro duce but 45 mill ions of dollars—and without her, ttcan be kept below two and-a-halt millions, which will nett silty millions; i ask, where is the advantage to the cotton planter, or to the country, from annexation? But when the product ot cotton becomes so gieat as to exceed the consumption and demand, then there must be a decline in piice; and a consequent cheapening of the value of slave la bor. The result of the latter, 1 have already hinted at —a result in which every Southerner has a deep interest. The experience of the past would profit us little, il it did not teach us to guard against occurrences which have resulted, and must again result from similar causes. So certain as the value ot slave labor declines to a point that will not remunerate the master, so certain will desire to emancipate follow, it will begin with the aged a’ d infirm, and thus form the entering wedge. It will next begin with the young—those bom altei a fixed period of time; for when the labor ol the able-bodied will not remunerate, it will not be an object to raise up the young, at an expense which the master wifi be illy able to bear, I might pursue this subject further, and de monstrate most clearly the risks the South has to encounter from overproduction. But 1 will leave il to the crim and considerate reflection of the Southern Planter. Let him ponder well, before he lenos his aid to any measure that will rapidly increase the production, without increas ing in a coi responding ratio, the consumption of cotton. Tin whole course of the South in regard to the Protective system has been inex pedient and impolitic. No term of reproach was deemed too vile for the Northern and East ern ma ufacturers; forgetting or overlooking the fact, that a crisis may and nrobably will, arise, when they will be the only consumers oj Southern products. It is lhe opinion of some persons engaged in the culture of both Sugar and Cotton, that the profitsol the former are fully double those of the latter. I have no disposition tn question the fact. If true, it furnishes the surest guaranty that no ponion of the labor or capital now em ployed in lhe production of sugar will he with drawn for investment in cotton planting; hut, on thecontrary, that much of the capital em ployed in the production of cotton will be divert ed to the growth of sugar. So that the duty on sugar affords double protection to the cotton planter. Letter V. Natchez, Oct. Ist, 1844. Dear Sir: I yield once moreto your request, by furnishing another letteron the subject of the Tariff, and its effects upon Southern mtrnsts, though lam sure 1 have nothing new to offer. • I think it will be con :edefl,that whatevertends to advance the price of woollen and linen goods, must lend io increase the consumption < fcotton, by the substitution of cotton goods. Il it be true (according to the theory ot the free trade, advo cates; that prices are enhanced in proportion to the duties, then, the higher the duties on linen and woollen goods, the higher will be theprice, and the greater the necessity for resorting to the substitute .No other substitute, so cheap, can be found. It is, therefore, undeniably true, that the consumption of cotton lias been increased by the high duties on woollens; for, although 1 do not believe the entire duty is paid by the consumers, I do believe that it is divided, at first, betw’een the producer and the consumer, and continues so, un.il the competition among the producers, arising from protection, brings the price down t> a fair standard, and throws the duty entirely on the latter, or renders the importation of the foreign article impossible. Domestic competition then regulates the price, and not tne protective duty. Such is the case now with coarse cottons and nearly all planta tion supplies. That cotton has entered into the manufacture of goods, heretofore made en tirely of wqol, of linen, and of silk, is universal ly conceded. Few woollen goods are wholly tree from it; while it enters largely into the manufacture ot silk and linen. Will it not be quite as readily admitted, that the manufacturing establishments built up by the proleci ive system, give employment to a vast number of persons, who, by reason of this em ployment are enabled to clothe themselves and their families well and abundantly 1 If a labo ring man has constant employment, at fair wages, he is enabled to provide'for and clothe himself more comfortably. He will have three suits a year, instead ot one, which he would be compelled to be content with if he had employ ment but tor halt the year, or at half wages. If the free trade doctrines should prevail,how many of the laborersnow employed tn manufacturing, would be thrown out of employment, without the means of supporting, much less clothing themselves decently I How is it with the Fac tory laborers of England, (poorly fed and worse clothed, at best,) in seasons tvhen there is a short crop of breadstuffs? Why, they are com pelled to deny themseltes many of the necessa ries, andall the comforts, of life; and inorder to supply their families with bread, are com pelled to dispense with halt or twd-thirds their usual clothing. Hence it is, that a short crop of breadsluffs is universally followed by a decline in the price of cotton; and hence, also, is the price ot our staple dependent, to a great degree, on the ability ot the laboring classes to clothe themselves well and abundantly. Whatever gives employment to them, and insures to them fair wages, is well calculated to promote the interest of the cotton planter. As a general rule, it may be stated, that the 800,000 people employ ed in manufacturing in the United States con sume, on an average, in a series of years, more than double the amount of clothing that the same number will do in England. And has the cotton planter no interest in the labor and the wages of the manufacturers! Surely he has; and the price of his staple is as much affected by their condi tion, as by anv thing else. But it will be said that the laborers now em ployed in manufacturing, in the United States, would soon find employment in agricultural pursuits, and would still be consumers of cotton goods. Their ability, as consumers, would lepend on the profits of their labor; and would the labor employed in agriculture be profitable; when more is raised than can be consumed?— England will not receive our agricultural pro ducts, No port of Europe needs, or will re- ceive amount now raised in the United Stafojfc more than sufficient tor home consumptfoq®,ad, without any outlet forfoieien cvnsttmptldKsxcept in seasons when the gram crop fails and then, only to a par tial extent, wjtat would become ot the surplus, which would ■necessarily be produced by in creasing the number of producers, some eight or ten hundred thousand 11! It would rot in the granaries, or be destroyed by the weave!; and thus, not only these additional producers, but all t hose previously engagedas agriculturists, would beimpoverrsiiwl.and less able to consume cotton goods. The Amount consumed, must depend on the ability to pay; for no honest man will buy what he has no hope ol being able to pay for. No planter can be so blinded by prejudice, as not to be able to see that such a state at things would be injurious tohis interests. The South Carolina politicians contend, that it matters toT whether the cotton is manutae tured at one point or at many poinls, the planter being only Interested in the tact, that it is all consumed. Mis is, indeed, a strange position, and sodirce^at variance with all experience, on the effects produced by competition, th it it is past comprehension how men of common sense could sustain or advocate it. if it be ti uc, that competition does not benefit the plant er, it musthicflually true, that it cannot injure the manuliLjprer; and his interests would be quite as wiJEjiremoted by one, as by one hun dred markets;. and quite as true, that it is a matter or indiff.-rtnce to him, whether there be one producerot cotton in the United States, or 50.000!!! Is not this absurd? It there be 50,000 people having the same article to sell, it is certain that the putchaser « ould be able to lay in his supplies on better terms, than if the whole was under the control of one petson; arid is it not better lor the producer to have three matkets for hisstaple than one? It John J, As tor, with his immense capital, owned or con trolled all the cotton plantations in the United Slates, could he not better fix a high price for his cotton, than it the product was in ihe hands <>150,000 planters? And, if all the cotton pro duced in ihe United Stales, was manufactured in one place, ike manufacturer would have the double advanpgeol fixing the price of what he bought, as wtfias what he xofd. That the biilding up of rival manufactories in the Unitedjjates has had the effect to lessen the price of .manufactured goods, all men o! sense will admit; and that thecheap ening ol cotton g- uds has in< rea■< d the material, nrf one will th* . incn-WFfirtfm' productMj|E?he increased numbered produ cers ; and this Is not more true, tl an that the price of goods has been lessened by lhe increase in theamount manufactured, and the increased number of manufactures. If production had in creased in the same ratio which it has done, without the building up of rival manufactories in this country, does any man suppose, that the price of our staple would be what it now is ? It is low enough, to be sure, al present; but it would be still tower, but lor the competition among consumers. Admit, for the sake ot ar gument, that the price of goods to the consumer here has been advanced, yet, the South con sumes so much less than other sections, that she is more than compensated in other respects. It it be admitted, that prices depend on sup ply and demand, then, the greater the amount of manufactured goods, the lowerwillbe the price; and the lower the price, the greater the quanti ty consumed. That the amount of mannfec titted goods has been increased by the establish ment of manufactories in the United States, will scarcely admit of a doubt; and hence, it follows that the price has been reduced, find the consumption increased. In speaking of high duties on manufactures, I omitted to remark, that the cotton goods con sumed by lhe labeling classes, (irfo arc our great'consumers,J are not enhanced in price by the duties, because they are sold for less than 'hey can be bought elsewhere, free of duty’. It ihe duty on the coarser cotton goods was wholly removed, the price to lhe consumers would helhe same. This is not yet the fact in regard to woollen goods; because, in order to encourage lhe growth of wool in lhe United States, a high duty is paid on foreign wool. But the growth of cotton, which once needed, the protecting duty of 3 cents per lb., now no longer needs it; and so will it be with wool. The protection will soon so encourage the growth, irom competiifon at home, that it will no longer need protection against foreign wool. Then, “ihe Free Trade advocates” will have no ground tor complaining of the “high price of woollen goods.” Let the cotton planter bear in mind, that no one interest is more essentially dependent on the general prosperity ot those engaged in other pursuits, than his. Whatever promotes the in terests of other pursuits, enables those engaged in them to consume more of our staple. Yours, &e. Letter VI. Natchez, Oct. 12,1844. Dear Sir: — I am induced by your pot i.e letter of 7th inst., presented to me this morning, to ad dress you again on the subject of the tariff I am furl her induced to do so, by an intimation hat the correctness of ray position in regard to the effects ot tow prices in increasing produc tion, lias been questioned. Indeed, J am told that it has .been asserted, that from 1833 to 1836, inclusive, when prices rated high, the culture waSextendcri, at the expense ot the provision crop. The following table <4 product and prices, will test this matter. The prices annexed, are the average of the whole crop of our plantations ot each year, as per tne sales in Liverpool. Cropol 1833,1,205 394 bales, price 1 lets. per lb. “ ’34,1,254,328 “ “ 18j “ “ ’35,1360,725 “ “174 “ “ ’36,1,422 930 “ “Ilf “ ’37, 1,801,497 “ “ 9; “ “ ’3B, 1,360 532 “ “ 10 “ “ ’39,2,177.835 “ “ 8J “ “ 1840,1,634 945 “ “ 8f “ “ ’41,1683 574 “ “ 8f “ " ’42,2.378,875 “ “ 5f “ ’43,2,030,409 “ “ 6f “ The aggregate ot thejfrrtfour years, i55,244,- 377 bales. The aggregate product of the four years, is 7,727,803 bales. The difference in product ol the first four years as compared with the last four, is 2 483,426 bales. The average product of the first four yoars, is 1,311,099 hales The average product ol the last lour years, is 1,931,950 bales. Ihe difference in favor ol the latter, is 629,851 bales. The average price of the fiist tour years, is 15f cts. per lb. The ave rage price of the lour last years 7) cents per lb. (The product of 1843, but tor the un; recedentedly bad season, would have reached 2,500,000; and it may be further remaiked, that the average weight ot the bahs, in the four last years, was fully 10 per cent, greater than that of the bales in the lour first years ) From this table, it would seem that the pro duct not only increased as the price declined, but that when the product decreased, the price advanced. In the “New-York Journal ot Commerce,” of 21st ult., a let l i < published signed “ A Cot ton Planter and 8 offerer,” in which the writer undertakes to prove, from his own case, that the tariff has oppress d and impoverished the coiton planters. Among the details of his own suffer ings he mentions the increased cost of negro clothing since, and in consequence of the tariff The following is his language on this point:— “1 formerly received men’s slops tor 82 the complete suit, of duffel and canvass, paying hall a dollarduty. lam now obliged to take from the field several men and eight women to make up the cloth purchased here, and also to pay to a tailor $2 per day wajes, for 30 davs in the year, tor cutting and arranging the cloth ing tor 150 hands. The excess in the cost of clothing averaging $5 per head—the cost being but sli under the old system.” From this, it would anpear that these planters consumed formerly “duffel and canvass,” which I psesumc to be woolen and linen goods, of foreign manufacture, and made into clothes in England. Ifsuch wasthe ; ractice in Caro-: lina, it was at least, unwise; for no discreet person, whqisa grower of cotton would use nSr b's people, in preference to cotton, an article produced by his own labor, and in the consumption of which, he -was in terested. But it may be further remarked, that if the management generally, of the Carolina plant ers be such as described by “A Planter and Sufferer,” it is not surprising that they are “ sufferers.” The only surprise is, that they should continue to be “planters,” under such management —especially, when we consider, that their average crop is 3 bales to the hand. I doubt if the Mississippi and Louisiana plant ers, who make 8 to 10 bales to the hand, would prosper under such management. They would be a pt to complain of “ oppression and impov risk merit," though not irom the tariff; but from their ownimproviilent •management. Fortunate!)' lor them, tiieir clothing is cut out and made on the plantation, without the expense of one dollar in money, and without the loss of a single day’s labor of a “field hand;” and there is not a doubt, but that they would make money at furnishing the Carolina planters with their an nual clothing, atSoper head. Yet, the Carolina planter tells you the “ additional cost" of his negro clothing, is “$5 a head,” in consequence of thetariff. Five yards of jeans and 14 yards oflowells, will suffice for the winter and sum mer clothing per head. The former, we can purchase for $2 25, and tbs latter, for $165, making $3 90 per head, orSl 10 less than the supposed "additional cost in consequence rs the tariff.” Hovabsurb —how ridiculous, to attri bute to the tariff, «hat can be so easily account ed for, in reckless waste and extravagance I I recollect, some years since, meeting with a large Carolina planter, who said to me, with unaffected surprise, “ Sir, lam told you are in favor of the tariff! “Yes sir, I am.” “Are you not crazy on this subject ?” said he. “ I hope not,” said I. “My neighbors think me a tolerably successful planter, and one who is al most a slave to his business and his iuteiest.” “And is it possible (said he)that you don’t see how oppressed you are by the tariff? I replied. “ I certainly have never yet been able to see it.” “ Where sir, (said he) do you purchase your negro clothing?’ 1 replied, “I purchase Kentucky jeans and linseys for my winter clo thing, at 40 to 45 cents per yard.” “ D n vour Kentucky jeans and iinseys, («aid he) who would clothe his negroes with such goods?” 1 *aid to him, “ Ycu have read Goldsmith’s plav of the ‘Mistakes of the Night,’ and you may recollect, when old Hardcastle presented his bill ollare to Mat low and at the head ot which was, ‘ lor the first course, pig and prune sauce.’ ■ Marlow hastily replied, ‘D n your pig, say I;’ and Hastings, ‘ D n your prune sauce, say I:’ ‘And yet, gentlemen, (said Hardcastle) pig and prune sauce, to per sons who ate hungry, is no such hard dish.’ — And so I say to you—Kentucky jeans is no such hard article to those who need warm and comfortable and durable clothing.” I asked the gentleman how he clothed his ne groes? “Oh, sir, (said he,) we purchase no thing but the best English plaids for our winter clothing; which we nowhaveto pay 80 cents a yard for, and which, before the tariff, we got for 65 or 70 cents. And thus; j’ou see, how we are oppressed by this abominable measure.” “ Well, sir,” said I, “our Kentucky Jeans, which we have delivered to us at 40 to 45 centh per yard, is, in width, fully 36 inches, while your plaids are but 30 inches wide; and, I will venture to say, that one suit of Jeans will outwear two suits of your English plaids.” He said, “It may’ be so, sir, “ but I’m d dis 1 believe it.” 11 But this same gentleman altet wards called on me in New York to inquire “ whether Kentucky Jeans were to be found there.” I showed him an “imitation article,” but far, very far inte rior, to lhe real Kentucky Jeans, which we use. The price was 38 cents per yard, an I he was surprised at the quality and the price; and before we parted, he was candid enough lossy—“ Sir, you are not quite as wrong as I thought you were.”!! I was content with this (hall-way) compliment as my only object was to remove erroneous impresssion. One more illustration cl the effects of the ta tifl, and I will close. Early’ in June,>lß42, 1 purchased a pair ol boots <>f a bootmaker in Philadelphia, anti di rected them to be senl io my lodgings. They were sent tuo late, on the night previous to my departure lor New York, to allow me to pay lor them ; and when I returned to Philadelphia, about the first ot October, Icalhdto discharge the bill, i said to him—“ You were complain ing of dull times in June last, are they any bet ter now?” “ Decidedly better,” said he. lin qttired, “ How do you account lor the change?” He replied, “ When you were here in June, the tat iff act had not passed, and all the factories and all the hand looms in the city and vicinity were closed, and someß oi 900 people were oil of employment—without the means of clothing themselves, and jvith scarcely enough to sup portlife. Since the passage ot the tariff act, tiio.se |«oi>le are all employed, and business i brisk again.” “Bui,”s*id I, “howduds this at TeeF’TOn&braneh ot business?” “ Mfhy,_sir/; said he, “most of these laborers were without clothing, without hats, and without shoes. The hatter had a new demand for hats, and was en abled to employ additional hands. The same was the case with the tailors. And 1 have not only been able to sell shoes to the laborers, bui also to the adiitional hands employed by the tailor and the hatter; and I, too, had to employ additional journeymen, who, by reason of tneir employment, were enabled to purchase hats and clothes. And thus it is, sir, all branches are more or less influenced by, and depcndeni upon, the prosperity ol each other. What al lects one, must be felt by the others; and the whole community is thus linked together, by one common interest.” This was a sensible, observing man; and one oimce of his common sense was worth all the theories of visionary po litical economists and “ free trade” advocates. And surely, as producers, we are more inti mately connected with, and dependent upon, the general prosperity of all other branches, whose ability to consumeour product is wholly depend ent upon their prosperity; and wetheretoreought to unite, in support of that system whichsecurcs the greatest good to the greatest number. We ought to recollect, that in numbers, we consti tute but a small fragment ot the whole; and that at most, we can reckon but from 15 to 20,- 000 planters, while there are 800,000 engaged in manufacturing. But we ought, further, to bear in mind, that of the 15 or 20,000 cotton planters, more than halt are now in favor of the Protec tive Sy stem, (or, at least, not disposed to resort to violent measures to obtain its repeal,) while the 800,000 persons engaged in manufacturing are united as oncmo.n, in support of it. The oppression ought to be great and manifest, that would justify violent opposition: so great and so manifest, that all would unite in measures to ob tain relief. Is this so? Certainly’not. Yours, &c. Saw Mills. —By an article in the North American Review, we learn that the first saw mill, ot which there is any record, ■ was erected at Madeira in the year 1520; lhe second was at Breslau seven years later; but their multipli cation in Europe proceeded very slowly. One was erected in London in 1633, but it was de molished soon afterward that it might not be the means ot depriving lhe poor of employment. About 1730 a company was incorporated in England, which made a large purchase of pine timber, erected mills, and introduced various im rovements in the manufacture and transpor tation of lumber. But the company made them selves odious by the innovation, and the popu lar feeling against machine saws continued very strong. A saw mill set up at Limehouse,about 1768. was destroyed by a mob. The first built in Auierica was in what is now the town of York, Maine, in 1623, under the di rection nt Sir Fernando Gorges, and in 1630, mills were put up on lhe Piscataqua. Tire first mill in Massachusetts was built tm the Neponsett, at Doi Chester, in 1883, and the second in 1656, on the Herring Brook, Scituate. There was one on the Saco as soon as 1653, and one on Mill River,Taunton,six years alter ward. In 1681 another vyas put up in Plymouth colony, and in 1685 f ur were in operation at Cape Porpoise, Me. At Machias there was one in 1763, within a year after the first grant ol land and mill sites cast of the Penobscot.— Ve>- mont Chronicle. Chinese Printing.—The Chinese have al ways done (heir printing on the stereotype sys tem, never using separate types. The Register in relation to this subject says: Whether the Chinese will ever abandon their stereotype system and adopt that of moveable types, is an interesting question. They are, il is true, exceedingly tenacious ol old habits and customs. Yet we have seen with astonishment, during the period in which they were for the first time brought in contract with European improvements i>i the art ot war, that they man ifested the most eager desire to adoj tihem. They have learned more in the art ol engineering and casting cannon, in this short space ot lime, and have learnt it more practically and more cheer fully, than the Tut Its have permitted themselves to ieatn in a century. We cannot therefore but augur important changes from the friendly inteicourse which is likely to grow up b- tween the most ingenious and lhe most industrious ol Asiatics, and the European mind. The station ary character which has so long matked the people of China, there is every reason to believe, will be broken up, by lhe contemplation ol European models ot excellence, and we think many years will not elapse before the Chinese adopt the European male ot printing, and sei lhe'r skilful atiisans to cui punches on steel, "•hitli shall surpass in beauty everything that the Europeans have yet been able to achieve. Pos-ibly within less than a quarter ot a century, Canton may have its Wilson and Figgins and Caslon, and founts of type may become as much an arti- le of traffic in Ute Empire as they are in England. Cure or Consumption.—A letter from Darm stadt, dated 2d September, in the Ober Post Amts Zciivng, describes a striking method for the cure ol pectoral complaints: “ The surgical operations i.f Dr. Van Herff at present attract great interests here. These operations have in several instances effected a decided cure in cases of tubercular pulmonary consumption— phthisis vbcrculosa. The seat ot the ulceration having been ascertained by means of the stethoscope, the matter is discharged outwardly by an inci sion being made in the cavity of the breast, penetrating the lungs. The cure is finally ef fected by medicine injected into the wound by a -syringe. We have bithertorelrained from ma king known these operations, as we wished to await the results; hut we are now enabiert to affirm with confidence that in several instances the operations have obtained the most complete success, and in no case have been attended by any danger ot lite. We hope that Dr. Von Herff; after an extended series ol experiments, will make the observations deduced from them the subject of a philosophic inquiry.”— Spectator Cousins’ Kisses.—Hear what Corporal Streeter says about kissing cousins: “The lips of a pretty cousin are a sort of neutral ground, between a sister’s and a stran ger’s. If you sip, it is not because you love, nor exactly because you have the right, nor upon grounds Platonic, nor with the calm satisfaction that you buss a tavorite sister, it is a sort ol hocus pocos commingling of all, into which each feeling throws its part, until the concate nation is thrilling, peculiar, exciting, delicious, and emphatically slick. This is as near a philosophical analizalion as we can well come. A Victim to Science.—George Cuthbert was charged with being drunk at an untimely hour in the streets. When asked by the police man who he was? “A victim to science,” hiccoughed George ; “ but I have found it out.” “Found out what?” .inquired the police consta ble. “ Silence, and I’ll tell you,” murmured George. “ Don’t you know, and it you don’t j'ou ought—you ought, Isay, to know that I've been hincteavoring to hascertain the compara tive strength of alcoholic fluids fcr many years, an! I’ve just found it out. It’s whiskey, sir. Tell you how I did it. I takes three glasses of brandy, no effect; three of gin, no go; three of u’hiskey, done in a minute. My grandmother always” said I’d be a victim to my scientific thirst.” “ Vere well,” said the constable, “come with me and study in the watch-house.”—Liver pool Journal. Modest Young Gentlemen.— A gentleman ad vertises, in a New York paper, lor board in a quiet, genteel family, where there are two or three beautiful and accomplished young ladies, and where his society “ will be deemed a suffi cient Compensation for board, lodging, washing, and other etceteras.” Here is a rare offer, and tempting as rare. Another gentleman, twenty five years of age, wishes to be adopted by an aged lady or gentleman, or both, ol fortune. He -ays that he has the disposition and ability to make himself agreeable, amt as the Bowery classics read, “ can’t do anything else.” WEDNESDAY MORNING, NOV. 6. Editorial Changi-:.—By lhe “Charleston Courier” of Monday morning, we perceive that our valued and esteemed cotemporary, Richard Yeadon, Jr., has retired from the Editorial chair of the Courier. The manner in which he has discharged the responsible duties of his station are too familiar with most of our readers to requite any eulogium at our hands. Mr. William S. King succeeds to the entire control ol the editorial department, and assures his pa trons that the course of the Courier will be un changed. of the decorations at various places along the lineof inarch of the Whig procession in New York, on the 30th ult., must have been very pretty and striking. The Tribune refers to those over the Cabinet shop of Mr. Wm. B. Shipman, 314 Broad way, which consisted of the words “Clay” and “Protection,” wrought in Dahlias of various hues, which presented a beautiful appearance. The balustrade of the Howard House, also, was ornamented with flowers forming the names of “Clay and Frelinghuysen,”surrounded with a border of evergreens. Other equally chaste designs are particularly described; the while in Heating, as was the fact, that the minds and hands of right-thinking and tasteful Woman was called into play in getting them up. For anything that will dis play more of the heart than the mere calculation of interest, commend us always to the ladies! N. Y. American says, that it is high ly probable, I rom what is known of the succss of the collections under lhe new tax law, that the treasury of Pennsyvania will be in a condition to meet the payment of the interest due on her debt on the Ist of February next. We hope this may be the case. FV The N. O. Tropic of the 31st ult. says:— Major Donelson, the newly appointed Charge d’Affaires to Texas, arrived here lasi evening in the Kate AuWey,*riotn Cairo. New Disease (—According to English papers ■ a new disease, which has become epidemic, has broken out among the cows in Lancashire which has such an effect upon their milk, that it will not mix with water! An exchange paper from a northern city naively remarks that “it is evident the disease has not yet reached this country!” Tie buys his milk, we reckon 1 Ohio Stocks It is stated in some ol the northern papers, that the fact that both houses of the Legislature arc now Whig, raised the value ol the stock ot that State Irom the confi dent belief that a free banking law, similar to that of New-York, will be passed, and then some 7 or 8 millions of the ei hteen millions of the stock ot the State, will be absorbed as the basis for lhecirculation of such new banks. JjfThc papeis nonce a sale at New-Yotk at auction, within a few day’s, of large numbers ot high priced shawls, some of which brought five and six hundred dollars each. A writer in one of the papers of that city, however, throws a damper upon the purchasers, by intimating, that no shawl ot any great value, such as those lately sold, ever leaves liTdia, un less it be a secondhand one! Ail the high priced ones are first worn by some of the native dignitaries, and altera season of use are sold to go to a foreign market. A huge stumbling block. —The Baltimore papers of the Ist. inst. notice the detention of the cars on lhe Cumberland railway, for five hours, by the falling on the track, from a moun tain by its side, ot a huge rock weighing about seven tons, and which had to be blasted before it could be removed. 32? The exports of domestic goods from the port ot Boston, during the week ending Oct. 26, amounted to 326 bales: ol which 195 bales were to the East Indies, 71 to the West Indies, and 60 to South America, 33? The northern papers contain notices of heavy rains in all that region. Perhaps it may come our turn shortly to be thus favored. O’The Boston Post, in puffing a man named Dan Emmit, who plays the “bone castanets” and other such melodious instruments, says of him 44*444 in upvii htinjo wiitrt Hull is upon the fiddle.” Complimentary that. A friend at our elbow guesses the Post man was never honored with the acquaintance ot “ Ginger.” Et s Chron, New and improved Cotton GtN.—The Ala bama Monitor says: We alluded a few months ago, to the fact that John H. Sherard, Esq , a wealthy and skilful planter of Sumter co., and withal a man of gteat mechanical ingenuity, had invented and patented a Cotton Gin, superior to any other now in use. We copy ihe following notice of it from the Sumter county Whigof22d inst.: “ Ase days ago we saw Mr. Sherard’s new patent Cotton Gin in full operation, and we can assure those who have not seen it, that it greatly improves the quality ot the coiton ginned, and is altogether a beautiful piece of machinery, ft is very simple in construction and easily kepi in order. The saws arc neatly like those of the ordinary Gin, save a slight difference in the cutting us the teeth. The ribs ate circular and levolve with ihe saws—behind ihe ribs is a cylindrical brush revolving agiinst ihe saws, « hich takes but itrates, 'rash and din ; still lur ther behind and a liul- below is a similar biush ahieh lakesoff the coiton Irom the saws, and carries it over a grate, which entirely’ removes the remainder ot the trash, dirt, &c.; Still fur ther back is a brush with wings, which blows the cotton through a flue with a tin bottom, per forated with oblong hole- similar to those of a tin lantern, through which, should there be any remaining trash or dirt, the whole will pas-. This flue has one advantage overall others, ii never chokes up, and consequently does not re quire delay ol tin e in cleaning it. “The whole is carried bv two hands and works most admirably. A fifty saw Gin, the size of that Mr. Sherard now has in operation, will gin lour bales per day. We would advise every farmer to visit Mr. Sherardand judge for niir selt. Mr. S. has been at great trouble and <■xpet.se in perfecting hi- improvement, «nd we have no doubt his efforts will bejustly apprecia ted by the cotton growing interest. We would lemark that the improvement may be attached, at small expense, to the ordinary gin; and lur thcr, that Mr. Sheratd’s new gin wifi cost but a trifle, if any more, than those now in use.” Good Oi.d Age.—The Philadelphia Gazette contains the following notice of an aged woman a resident ot the Northern Liberties: “ Mrs. Fauver, whose funeral took place yes terday, was ovi r one hundred years ol age, and a remat kable woman. She was only con fined to her bed about a week previous to her death. She visited her friends, sei-erol miles from her residence, on toot, with all the vivacity ul a person much less than half her years, and constantly attended religious worship two or three times on the Sabbath day, and often also once during the week. She never had used spectacles, and het hearing was good. She was always at wotk, and on the Friday preceding, she attended to marketing lor the family. We were acquainted with the old lady, and have often looked upon her with wonder and pleasure, when she has been engageu in thedu ties ot the housewife, which she plied with the activity ot a girl ot twenty. — Jour. Com. A Word to Mechanics. It is the curse of politics that brainless but brazen men undertake and usurp the leadership of a campaign. Their ignorance confounds well laid undertakings, and their impudence disgusts well meaning men. Deluding dema gogues, professing patriots, pestilential politi cians: these are the kind of men who, too fre quently, control the direction ofclections, to the great disgust of an honest communitj’. The remedy is in the people themselves. Thej’ can assume the management of their own affairs, and should. It is their interest, and theretore their duty, to lend occasional attention to the affairs of the commonwealth—at alltimes, most assuredly, when the election of theagents, through whom they wish the government ad ministered, is concerned. The blacksmith, even if his labors were so onerous and lucrative—for in this happy coun try labor and wealth are the hand maidens each of the other—as to require whole days of vigor ous exertion, could yet find time, in the pauses of labor between the descending and ascending stroke, to cogitate public questions of para mount importance—could find time, at the re quired period, to give his public approval to measures he has endorsed in the secret medita tions of his smithy. The carpenter, as with vigorous hand he planes the yielding board, could at the same time make clear to his apprehension the dan gers of a donbiful policy; could separate the useful from the only specious, and detect the arts of the demagogue in the professions ot the eager’andidate for office. The tailor, whose sedentary occupation sug gests reflec’ion. and whose temperament feeds upon it—tot thinking is “the badge of all their tribe”—could go through with a long process of ratiocination—compare and combine differ ences—detect and expose sophism—construct and recommend theories—originate and mature without encroachment upon his sedulous la bors; with Harrington, frame immortal com monwealths. which need but the opportunity lor establishment.—/. P. Buckingham, Extract ol a letter dated, U. 8. Frigate Congress, ) At Sea, oil Rio, Aug. 25,1844. ( “ To test lhe sailing ol several of our ships, by the Commodore’s order, lhe Raritan, United States, Congress, and Bainbridge, brig, got un der way yesterday morning, and went out of the harbor of Rio; the Bainbridge part ed cotnprny this morning, oa a cruise.— The Congress has passed to windward and is ahead of the Raritan, beating her at her (the Raritan’s) best point of sailing on a wind. We are now overhauling the United States, and working up three points, at least, to windward of her. So you may set the beaulilul Congress down as o jewel of a ship; she has been greatly admired by all who have seen her- her proportions, accommodations, quarters, exercises &e. &c., are perhaps notsui passed by any thing afloat. In the Mediterranean, where the finest shipsof all nations congregate, she was unequal led, and is at this moment outsailing lhe swill and superbly modelled Raritan, to my regret be it said; for if I have any prejudice on the sub ject, it is in favor ot the Raritan, as she is a Philadelphia built ship. Mr. Wise has been oresented to the Emperor, and has made decided ly a very favorable impression here.”—Wil mington (Del.) Journal. specie in the New-York city banks, according to th» report recently made, amounts to upwards of eight millions ot dollars. Treasury Department, October3l,lßl4. The receipts intothe Treasury for he quarter ending the 3t)th ot September last, were, as near ly as can be ascertained, as follows: From Customs, about $10,750 000 “ Lands, “ 450,000 “ Miscellaneous sources 25,000 sll 225,000 Expenditures for same period, $7,233,844 42 Sentence of David Miller, the Docofoco Coop Man.—Ch's person, found guilty a lew days ago in Baltimore City Court, by a jury of his coitotiymen, for conspiring to vote some four teen or more persons in lhe 31, 4th and 14th wardsol Baltimore, at the Governor’s election -OtLtlie 2.1 tilt was bruushi Cuari <— —-ru- inana sentenced to six mim'hsimprisoitmentand to pay a fine of one hundred dollars. The Court, in pronouncing the sentence, spoke in a forcible manner of the enormity ol the crime and regretting their legal inability to send the accused to the penitentiary, Let this be a warning to illegal voters. — Ball. Pat. Nov. Newspaper Advertising.— Blackwood’s Ma gazine lor July puts the utility of advertising thus pointedly and truly:—“There is but one »ay of attaining business—publicity; one way ofoblaining publicity—advertisement; the news paper is toe fly-wheel by which the motive power ot commercial enterprise is sustained, and money the steam by which the advertising is kept going.” What a sensible man that old Christopher North is? A Suggcs'ion— A capital idea has been pro mulgated by a French chemist, and that is that arsenic should never he sold unless mixed with one per cent. 61 sulphate of iron and cyantire of potash, which would cause it to change the color of any food or drink w ith which it is mixed. From the Society Islands.— The L. C. Rich mond, Capt. Luce, arrived at this port this morning, having left Tahiti, Jti'y 15lh, and bringing neatly a month’s later intelligence trorn the islands. She reports that a few days pre vious to sailing, an action took place between the French troopsand natives, in which a large number of lives were lost, principally on the pail of the natives. The French were strongly fortifying the island—the English missionaries were leaving, and confusion resigned among the inhabitants.— New Bedford Mercurn, Oct. 31. __ The Scotch Giant and Giantess.—The Scotch giant and giantess, whose extraor dinary proportions have attracted the won der of crowds in Europe, have recently arrived in this country. The giant is 7 feet 4 inches high, measures 57 inches around the chest, and weighs 412 lbs. The giantess is also ol extraor dinary size, and has a beautiful form. They are accompanied by a dwarf, 12 years of age, only 24 inches in height, and weighs but 23 lbs.— Ball. Clipper. Front Constantinople we learn that the ques tion ol the government of the Lebanon has been at length settled, and the indemnity to be paid by the Druses to the Maronites has been difinitely arranged. The indemnity has been fixed at 13,000 purses, ol which the Druses are to pay 3,000 and the Poitc lhe rest. Tire govern ment will remain as settled by lhe Porte and the five European Powers in 1842, and the Maronite Christians ate to be protected in lutute. The country is in a state of lhegreatest tranquillity, said a politician to an Irishman, who is among the recent arrivals from the Emerald Isle. “ Musha,faith thin, I’m not,” said PaL Sure there isn’t a country in the world where sufferin’ is so universal as in Ireland, and there’s no one the I either of it. barrin’ the Tory landlords and the English.” The Wool Trade.—According to the best calculation, says Mr. Williams, in his adr ira ble address on the Tariff, it is supposed that there are about 31,000,000 ot sheep in the United States, worth on an average about $2 a head, and yielding about 90,000,000 pounds of wool, worth ai 30 cents per lb. about $27,000,000 These sheep at three to the acre for summer and winter, voulu require 11,333 333 acres ol (jib. tor lheii support, which at sl2 per acre, which is considered a fair average, would be worth 8136.000,000. Tomanufae ure this < lipol wool will requite about 45,000 hands, who with lainilies averaging three persons each, ano amounting in all to 180,000, at a consumption ol $25 perannutn each, would require $4,500,- 000 worth of agricultural products for then support, which, at a net yield 0f52,50 per acre lor the maiket, would require 1 8t:u,000 acres ol land, worth at sl2 per acre, 821,600,000. Th< capital invested, then, by the farmer io this busi ness alone is about $225,000,000, and the annual value accruing to him, aboUl 31,500,000, while the capital stock invested by the manufacture) himsell in building, machinery, &e., to work up the whole annual product would not perhaps exceed $45,000,000 or about one-fifth of that ol the agriculturist.— Tray Whig. The Great Fan Painter or Rhode Island —A Providence gentleman informs us that Mr Dorrduring his confinement in jail hasattained a lernatkable pn fieieucy in the art of painting lans, and that he is so much pleased with the development ot his new talent, that what was at first a task has become a recreation. We suspect that he is much better qualified lor this peaceful vocation than he is to remodel cons i tutfons and overturn governments. Dorr, with all his fa tilts is the most decent man ot his party in Rhode Island, and we do no doubt that the in auguration of Mr Clay in March next will lie signalized by an appropriate act ot clemency on the part ot the authorities of that little Stale.— Republic. A Historical Fact—By reference to the map of Delaware, it will be seen that the bound ary between that Stale and Pennsylvania is ol a semi-circular form, as it draw n with mathe matical accuracy. The Germantown Tele graph says it was so drawn. William Penn presented to his daughter Letitia a circuit, of which Newcastle was the centre, of fifteen miles round, which he called Letitia Manor; and it is that which gives the singular apnearance to ihe boundary line. It was originally designed to be a portion of Pennsylvania. Charles Bottsford, arrested in New York some time since, and afterwards sentenced to ten years’confinement in the Arkansas penitentiary for robbing the mail of Treasury notes at Fay etteville, is to be taken out of prison on habeas corpus for trial on a charge of having murder ed Andrew Campbel), Esq., of Van Buren, in 1843. Getting Damp.—A fellow who was floating down the Mississippi on a matrass, half under water, hailed a steamboat that was passing with, “Hallo, Captain, got any room in that shell o’yourn ? I’ve got the fever and ague just enough to shake my toe nails off. I’ve been out here these three days, and the doctor told me it might endanger my health if I got damp! I’m not alarmed myself, but I must follow that doctor’s orders or my wile will raise a tremen dous fuss when 1 land 1” This argument pre vailed with the humane captain, and he was taken aboard to dry. Married Men.—The more married men j'ou have, says Voltaire, the fewer crimes there will be. Examine the frightful columns of your criminal calenders—you frill there find a hun dred youths executed for one father of a family. Marriage renders a man more virtuous and more wise. The father of a family is not willing to blush before his children. Sj - “ Thomas, spell weather," said a teacher to a new pupil. “ W-i-e-a-t-h —weth—i-o-u-r —wether.” “ Well, Thomas; I think that is the worst spell of weather we have lately en countered. You may sit down.— Pittsburg Age. Sublime.—“ You know, madam, that you cannot make a purse out of a sow’s ear.” “Oh,sir, please fan me; f have intimations of a swoon. When you use that odious specif, menof vulgarity again, w iy don’t you clothe it in a more refined phraseology ? You should have said, ‘lt is impossible to fabricate a pecuniary receptacle from the auricular organ oi the softer .--ex of t.re genus Sus. ’ •’ Vespasian Ellis, the newly appointed Charge d’Affaires to Venezuela, was at Phila delphia a few days since, whence he was to take his departure, with his suite, for Laguyra, in the brig Caraccas, THURSDAY MORNING, NOV. 7. The Elections. Pennsylvania.—Through lhe Baltimore Sun, a professedly neutral paper, but leaning strongly to the side of our opponents, we have received returns from thirty one counties in this State; including also the City of Philadelphia These show a majority for the Whig ticket of 2,032. In these same counties the majority for Mar kle was 2,571. Virginia. —A slip from the Intelligencer of fice, at Petersburgh, announces a majority of 40 lor the Whigs at that place. In 1840, Van Buren had 17 majority. Whig gain, 57. By a nassenger who came through Richmond, we learn that lhe Whigs had an increased ma jority ol 346, compared with 1840, in that place. The majority in Virginia for Van Buren, in 1840, was 1,392, Onto. -Belmont county gives a Whig major ity of 294; which is a gain of 80 for the Whigs since the Governor’s election in October. In a number ot precincts in Harrison and Guernsey counties the vote shows a Whig increase also. Georgia Presidential Election. 1844. 1814. Counties. For President. For Congress. WHIG. LOGO. WHIG. LOCO* Appling, m jm Bafcy. 209 439 Baldwin, 32-1 307 280 258 £ lbb . 156 maj. 607 730 Bryan, 38 ma j t y.j -j- Bulloch, j;} 387 Bmke, 556 411 490 358 Butts, 244 435 235 464 Camden, yy Campb'll, ]9(j 555 Carroll, 314 egj Cass, 550 1043 Chatham, 817 835 616 6’26 Chattooga, ’ 265 292 CUeiokee, la-i 799 Clarke, 596 420 SUB : ’9O Crawford, 377 454 R a^ e ’lK 47 DeKalb, 545 845 Decatur, 357 3 . 21 Doo| y. 282 459 . Early, 2ia 409 Effingham, 193 86 194 94 Elben, <JW i W Emanuel, 107 IGO 381 665 Moyd, . 327 41!l Forsyth, 403 6 49 Franklin, 379 1058 3u3 953 Gilmer, 158 o-.i Glynn, 86 19 Greene, 780 132 725 138 Gwinnett, 624 6bß Habersham, 289 886 Hail, 489 697 426 643 Hancock, 515 330 436 327 Harris, 392 maj. 865 481 Heard, 288 429 Henry, 858 819 780 7J7 Houston, 651 729 Itwin, 25 224 Jackson, 492 661 442 617 Jasper, 438 536 437 509 Jefferson, 579 108 477 98 Jones, 58 maj. 401 405 Laurens, 545 25 Lee, 293 137 Liberty, 193 171 Lincoln, 108 maj. 269 174 Lowndes, 371 336 Lumpkin, 531 1033 Macon, 354 252 Madison, 347 327 306 326 Mation, 448 288 Mclntosh, 138 142 Meriwether, 240 maj. 643 898 Monroe, 757 726 Montgomery, 201 28 Morgan, 442 348 396 313 Murray, 244 583 Muscogee, 1190 980 1075 919 Newton, 1026 552 902 527 Oglethorpe, 625 241 575 209 I Paulding, 200 347 Pike, 593 804 Pulaski, 232 426 Putnam, 80 maj. 414 326 Rabun, 44 191 Randolph, 580 655 Richmond, 903 647 825 616 IScriven, 257 278 227 267 ! Stewart, 862 775 Sumter, 602 427 . Talbot, 36 maj. 782 808 ' Taliaferro, 391 67 406 54 Tattnall, 301 70 Telfair, 156 176 Thomas, 332 166 _ lO - 5G 4H7 83? 11? Union, 211 476 Upson, 643 384 629 375 Walker, -101 599 Walton, 555 763 462 702 Ware, 138 149 Warren, 641 368 538 336 1 Washington, 34 ma;. 525 520 Wayne, 111 102 Wilkes, 430 389 418 349 Wilkinson, 173 maj. 330 536 1 Whig majority forGovernor, in 1843,3,388. Locofoco majority tor Cot.gtess,in 1844,2,338, The Sioum in Western New-York. The storm which commenced al Rochester on Sun day evening, continued till Wednesday morning. I’he Democrat ol the 30th ult. says:—“Not less than two fdet of snow has fallen.” 1 The great body of snow which leil caused much detention to the mails. Such early and heavy falls ot snow are un- . precedcnted in that ><■ :'<m O-Tlte Philadelphia papers, we perceive, arc noticing a pamphlet by Dr. Lardner, who was employed by the' Messrs. Norris & Co. locomotive engine builders, to investigate the can which led to the explosion, early in the * month of September last, of a locomotive en gine un the Reading Railroad. The Doctor attributed the disaster to electricity. A tew days since, however, another engine exploded in the same way,on the same road: bton an exami nation of the wreck ot this engine, by mechanics, ; it w.ts discovered that some of the bars where the tire is got up were too weak for the purpose lor which they were designed, and that these be ing strengthened nodanger of an explosion need be apprehended, Dr. L.’s “electricity" to the contrary notwithstanding. American Review.—We call the attention of our readers to the prospectus to be found in our columns of to-day, for the “American Re view," a Whig publication, to be devoted to “Politics, Literature, Art and Science.” It is to be under lite editorship of George H. Colton, Esq., author ot the well known and popular “Junius Tract’,’’ and one of the most pleasant, candid and capable writers ot the day. A woiksucli as Mr. Colton proposes to pub lish is much needed,to counteract the pernicious and revolutionary doctrines promulgated through the “ Democratic Review," and other jacobin works of the kind which are scattered over the country under the auspices of the leading men of the so-called “ Democratic" Party. The country, fortunately, is supplied with many able Whig journals. But, as a matter of course, the articles prepared fcr them are less labored in their character than would be the case with those for the publication io question, because designed for an emergency, while those tor the latter will serve for perusal and reperusal at a lime when the mind of the reader would be more at leisure to digest the political truths presented to his consideration. As a whole, we are satisfied much good would flow from the establishment, on a permanent footing, of the Review proposed by Mr. Colton, and we hope that a full subscription will b • ten dered to it from Georgia. To accomodate those in this vicinity who may wish to subscribe, a subscription paper may be fou/id at our Count-< ing-Room desk. jEJ’It is estimated that the* recent Mofmon war will cost the State of Illinois 820,000. ? The aggregate expense incurred during the year on account of the Mormons, will not tall short ol $50,000. This is pretty bad lor such a beggared treasu ry as is that ot Illinois. These allies of locofo coism are likely to prove pretty dear to the tax payers ofthat State—that is, unless they follow the example of their political brethren in Mis sissippi, and “repudiate." 37’f A schooner, called the Midas, to be fitted with Errtcsson’s propellers, was recently built at New York, and is intended for the Chinese trade—being the first vessel of the kind built in the United Slates, intended for trade beyond the Cape of Good Hope. She is spoken of as a well-built craft. Aside from a few items ol election news, the papers received by last night’s mail from the north are entirely barren es internet.