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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 183?-1864 | View Entire Issue (March 13, 1845)
uccklr Chronicle & Sentinel OLD SERIES, VOL. LIX. THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL IS FOBLISUED DAILY, THI-WCSKLV, AND OTSKLI BY J. W. & W. S. JONES. The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel IS PUBLISHED AT Three Dollars per annum —or one subscriber two years, or two subscribers one year for $5. Ten subscribers, one year, fors2o.oo 7>t- Weekly paper , at Five Dollars per annum. Daily paper, at Ten Dollars per annum. Cash System.—ln no case will an order for the paper be attended to, unless accompanied with the money; and in every instance when the time for which any subscription may be paid, expires before the receipt of funds to renew the subscrip tion, the paper will be discontinued. Depreciated money received at its value in this city. FRIDAY MORNING, MARCH 7. ~.. Reward or Industry. The Eufaula ( Ala- bama) !’Shield,” of the Ist instant, says:—We were shown on Saturday last, a beautiful set of i s Sf u 3t 'C Xi 1 a X bales, sold. in that city during- : lie last seastin. The castors are plain an 1 neat, costing 8101 in the city of New-York. Thus Ins the worthy Colonel been rewarded for his industry ! ' and skill—and, as an inducement to others to direct their attention more to the quality than the quantity of their cotton, we will state that Col. McDonald's premium catton commanded, when said, 8t least two cents more than the highest market price for good cotton. For his present crop nine cents have been offered in the city of New York and refused Had every planter in the cotton-growing region, pursued Col. McDo nald’s plan of raising cotton, no one can begin to estimate the advantages the country would now be reaping. When will the people learn wisdom! N. O. Express.—The Mobile “ Advertiser' of the 28th ult. has the following notice of the Crescent City Express, which is still in opera tion betwen Lexington and Mobile. “ 7'ir Crescent City" newspaper, in New Orleans, has its private express so far improved by connection of routes, and other means, that advices from all points eastward ot Covington, Ga., are received there 48 hours in advance of the “regular” mail, and 24 hour, in advance of the government express. Os course, the foreign news we received here yesterday by the U. S. express, our neighbors of the “ Crescent” were in possession of on the morning of the same day. The Sabine Affair.—The Picayune of the 27th ult says:—We were yesterday politely per mitted to examine the correspondence ot Capt- Foster, of the cutler Woodbury, transmitting to the Collector of this Port the particulars of the difficulty existing between the Texan and United Stales authorities at Salem river. From what we can judge oflhe affair, we think that it is not calculated to give rise to any great uneasi ness, or lead to any serious difficulties. It appears that the person filling the office ot Collector at the Sabine river, on the Texas side, has taken it upon himself to interfere with zg’, the trade pt American vessels—requiring ton- nage duties on them—while those vessels claim to have, as they actually have, a right to navi gate the waters ot the Sabine river and lake, as waters common to both Governments. Capt. Foster's last communication was dated on the 18th inst. He was then looking to the movements of the Texan officers, with whom he had had an inverview, and seemed firm in U, his determination to resist any interference with gHgpA,* J the commerce of American vessels—deprecating .anx_e»*im uhich might render it necessaryto ■SjKtexT- ■ resort to violent tie was in constiTra- glwr' ' lion, also, with Mr. Newell, our Consul at the Sabine, who had i tm esied agaiast the cooduci H " rGW-r ftSB .•'t<n L T’efS’*d’i<!' on- ..f hi- ■' • officers to G ilveston, instincting him io report ■ IBr Efmself to the American <'onsul there, and to K assure the American vessels in that port ofaui- ■ P’ e protection, &c. ■ p- The corres-mndenceol Capt. F , together with HR?"' the protest of Mr. Newell, have been lorwaideti ■ to Washington by the Collector ofottr Port. £ Medical College of Georgia. I Correction.—ln the list of graduates of the | Medical College ot Georgia, published by us a day or two since, owing to an omission in the manuscript, the resiliences were erroneously’ given, and we therefore republish with the ccr : . rections. Milton Antony, of Ga. A. T. Anderson, S. C A. R. Bixley, Ga. J. M. Bowers, “ S. R. Caver, Ala. G. M. Crd”, Ga. W. L. Cochran, S. C. W. E. M. Cousins, Kia. W.H. Davis, G.i. W. H. Elangton. Ala. T. B. Gordon, Ga. J. M. Galphin, S. C. Thomas Graves, “ yi. S. Holliday, Ga. J. A. Harlow, “ A. L. Hammond, “ James Hill, Ga. VicKMtmn.—The populntion of Vicksburg, as ascertained by a recent census, is: White males, 1,803 “ females 1,014 Slaves 1,037 Free blacks 22 Total 3,969 Tub Largest yet this Season.—The Mo bile “Advertiser” ot the 28th ult. says:—The steamboat Red River, Capt. Burrill, arrived yesterday at our wharves with a cargo of 2055 ( bales of cotton. She was from Wetumpka. We may add, too, as worthy ot note, that the receipts ol cotton by the river yesterday, were larger, we believe, than they ever were before in this po't in one day, amounting to 15,166 bales. Cotton in California.—Tte Oregon—Set?" tiers.— The Picayune says :—We have been informed by a gentleman, who left the Pacific coast in December last, that two or three Ameri cans arc about to engage in the culture ct cot ton in the lower part ot Upper California, and that they feel confident ol raising a superior article and in great abundance. Their rancho or plantation is not far from San Diego, in lat. 33° N , the climate being warm and delightfully te- fine- . The same gentleman fntbims us that many ot the Oregon settlers have arrived in tiie neigh borhood oi the Bay of San Francisco, in the Upper California, and taken un their abode there. They report Oregon as a poor country —nothing like the one it was represented to them to be—and appear thankful that the op portunity has been afforded them ot leaving it and reaching a more fruitful and genial elime. So productive is the land in the neighborhood of San Francisco, that one bushel of wheat sown frequently yields a crop of seventy-five bushels, and this with very little trouble, while the climate is so dry and pure that sickness is almost unknown. To illustrate the remarka ble dryness ol the climate, it is but necessary to state that wheel vehicles, furniture, &c., man ufactured in New England of the best season ed timber, shrink up shortly after reaching this section of California and tall to pieces unless every precaution is taken. American emi grants are constantly arriving and settling at the Sacramento and other streams emptying into the Bay ol San Francisco. At the Yerba Buena the English is the principal language spoken, the Alcalde being an American, and is not far distant when this part ol CaTifoima will teem with Anglo-Saxon civiliza tion and the thrifty products of Anglo-Saxon hands. — Picamine. o-w e notice the death at Goshen, on the 23d ultimo, of Gen. James W. Wilkins, in the 83.1 year of his age. He «as a soldier of the revo lution, a classmate qt De Witt Clinton, and often a member of 'he Legislature and of Con gress. Tyler has signed the Texas, and Florida and low a Bills, so that the bills making them States are now laws ofthe land. y~*r The amount ot Treasury Notes out standing on the Ist instant, was, it is officially stated, 81,214,779 22. First Sugar Cane in Louisiana.— According to the N. O' Protestant, the first sugar cane was brought to Louisiana in 1751. It was plar.t xd on the Jesuits'estate, now Second Munici aluy. From the Picayune of the 21lh ult. Late from Texas. By the arrival last evening of the steamship New-York, Capt. Wright, we have Galveston dates to the 24th inst. Among the passengers was Gen. Duff Green. The New-York bionght over no less than 225 bales of cotton from Galveston. She made her last trip over in 35 hours and came back in 32. Major Hays is now busily engaged in organ izing his spies at San Antonio, Congress having made appropriations to keep a force in active service on the Western Irontier. The Galveston News says that the prospects are said to be highly favorable for the crops on the Colorado, and the farmers are forward in their agricultural operations. According to the Civilian, President Jones has issued a proclamation revoking all letters of marque and reprisal, issued by the Govern ment of Texas, to authorize individuals to fit out and arm vessels of war or privateers, for the purpose of waging hostilities against Mexi co. Perhaps the following, which we copy from the Houston Telegraph, may be df interest to some of our readers- Minis have been edMTOHaxes at any lime pre vious to the Ist ot June, 1845, and struck onto the Republic, to redeem the same by paying all taxes due on the lands, and the costs and charges ot the sheriffs, &c. The sheriffs in each ot the counties are authorized to release the lands to the owners whenever the taxes and costs are paid.” The Texas National Register publishes the following extract of a “ letter Irom a gentleman of high standing in Europe.” which, it says, “ may be regarded as official.” The closing re mark may serve to soothe the nerves of such persons in the United States as believe that any offence from onr government to Mexico would _be resented by Great Britain : “Lord Aberdeen, although he will do nothing that can justly give offence to the United States, is still decide!! to take such measures as will bring aboulpeace between Texas and Mexico, provided the former will give satisfactory as surances other determination to REMAIN INDE PENDENT. “ The British Government has enjoined on Mexico, in the most earnest and explicit terms, to abstain from any attempt to invade Texas, and they have assured that country that they would afford it no aid or countenance at all, in case of such attempted invasion, whatever migh’ be its result or consequences.” Among the acts passed, at the last session of th J Texan Congress is one for the establishment o! a light house at Galveston, for the support of which a tax-ofthree cents per ton upon vessels arriving at that port from a foreign country is to be levied. Also a bill for the establishment of a hospital al Galveston, towards which the commander ofevery vessel arriving at that port is required to pay at the Custom Houseso cents for every foreign while male cabin passenger over sixteen years of age, and 26 cents forevery foreign male steerage passenger over sixteen years ol age. Another act has been passed es tablishing a Chamber of Commerce at Galves ton. z The News of the 11th has the following para graph : The Texan revenue cutler Alert, Capt Simp lon, arrivedon the 12th inst. Irom Matagorda, and left this morning for the Sabine, for the pur pose ol enforcing the revenue law of Texas.— Uncle Sam had better look out or “Young Sam” will be down upon him, sure. From the Commercial Advertiser —Extra. Loss of the Steamer Siren. Apalachicola, Friday, Feb. 27. The U. S. Mail Steamer Siren, Capt. Sharp less, left Chattahoochee about 4 o’clock, on Monday evening, and rpn down to Maj. Coe’s landing, where she stopped to take on cotton. Between 11 and 12 o'clock, just as she hadfair )y rounded out, and had made one or two revolu tions, the boilers exploded, tearing the whole forward part of the cabin, boiler deck and tore castle entirely away, parting the wheel-houses .fcom-ihn boat, wmll hrailiig Tjutfririg* tTQi a part I of the hull and about half of the hurricane deck. arrait ve with the loss ofthe boat alone, I our pen would be comparatively light, and the task an easy one ; but the loss ot human life oc casioned by this sad catastrophe, sickens the heart as we trace the scene of death and suffer ing. Ten ol the crew of this ill-fated steamer were ushered suddenly into eternity, while ill the midst of life, and health, and supposed security. Fortunately—the hour being late—all the pas sengers had retired to their berths for the night. But for this circumstance, the probability is that but few would have survived. The list oflhe killed and wounded, as fur nished ns by Capt. Sharpless, is as follows: Killed— Quibus, pilot, black boy; Charles Bordenrider, bar-keeper, and his son, a cabin boy; George Tilly, cabin boy; Wash. ivic- Gougan, deck hand, was blown overboard, and was picked up by the mate on a cotton bale, but died before he reached the shore; Thomas WhiL White, deck hand ; an Irishman, deck hand, name n t known, Green, black boy. deckhand; Wilkins, black boy, deck band; George, black boy, passenger, belonging to Dr. Harrison—lo. Wounded— Jack McGougan, very severely, but it is supposed he will recover. Cr w saved —Capt.Sharpless; Georg;Dingle and Wm. McFaden, Engineers; Stephen Mor ton, Mate; Mike, an Irishman, deck hand; Henry Kerr, black boy, Pilot; black boy belong ing to John Campbell, Cook; Jane Wilson, black girl, chamber-maid. Passengers onboard, all saved—Mrs. Pikej of Georgia; R. L. Edmonds, and servant boy, Quincy, Fa. ; Thomas H. Austin, Apala chicola; A. W. Cunningham, Bainbridge,Ga.; J. B. Ranson, Ga. ; R. J. Beckwith, Ga.; Dr. Harrison, Gadsden county, Florida ; Mr. El liott, Jackson, Fa.; B. G. bidden, Apalachi cola. , A. H. Jackson, of Ga Taliaferro Jones, “ J. H. Jennings, S.C. W. W. Leake, Ga. J. T. Lamar, “ Jesse Lowe, “ I. M. Moragne, S. C. R. M. Parks, Ga. H.W.Rutherford.S.C. J. P. Rails, Ga. R. M Stell, B R. Strong, Tenn. E. A. Stribling, Ga. J. W. Todd, “ T. A. Wakefield, S. C. F. B. Wakefield, Ga. The U. S. tMail was saved, and brought tothis place by the steamer Notion, Capt. Wheaton, who came to the assistance of the survivors shorly alter the explosion. The Siren was a pci feet wreck, and went to tiie bottom almost immediately. The cargo ol Cotton, about two hundred bales, was all on deck and wilt be saved in a damaged state. It is thought that no blame can reasonably attach to Capt. Sharpless, or tn any of the officers, but the casualty must be set down as one of those accidents which no human skill could foresee or prevent. The boat had been listed, to pre vent her grounding, while the cotton was being taken on, a’nd Capt. S. heard the Engineer try his guage cocks, us usual, and there appeared to be a sufficiency of water in the boilers. The eyane nfGapt. S., is considered miraculous, as heWs-standing, at the lime ot the explosion, by the cargo" trlleel, immediately in front ot the boilers, on the boiler deck, and was blown up in the air, tell into the river, and swam cut en tirely uninjured. The scene that explosion is said, by those who luive been heart rending. The confusion among the survivors, who were snddelHy awakened from slumber by the asloqndingcrash, mingled with the groans and exclamations ot the dying, presented a spectacle of distress that -would have to be witnessed to be realised. Some ot the passengers, thinking that should the boat go down drowning would be inevitable, jmrfped overboardin order to save themselves; wftjle others, more selt-possessed, remained on board as long as they could with safety, rendering sistance to each other in saving baggage, &c. The Money Article in ths N. Y. Commercial of Saturday atternoon says— The railroads throughout New England are of advantage not merely to the community rt large in expanding the avenues of trade, but are generally sources of profit to the stockholder. The s .me article says— The aspect of the money market Is more favorable, and although the rate of interest can hardly be quoted under 6 percent, theind'eations are In favor of a reduction rather than an advance from this figure The decline in sterling bills, now satisfactorily established, is calculated to remove any apprehensions which may yet re main as to farther exports of specie, and may therefore enable ns to determine with greater a<<» curacy the prospects of the money market for the coming season. Unless our imports should ma terially exceed the general expectation, it seems probable that the supply of mtmey will continue adequate for all the ordinaryptri poses of business. Northern and Southern Directory The public aie respectfully informed tha.t Bron son’s Travellers' Directory is now in press, and will be bound and ready for delivery by the first of March.. This work embraces all the Routes from New York to New Orleans, and the cross lines, together with a description of portions of the country. The distance from each point, the price of fare, and the time occupied over each route. The Directory will be sold at the following retail prices: Plain binding, neat, per copy 15 cents. Do. do. with memorandum at tached 30 Extra fine binding, gilt, with extra large memorandum attached 50 No agencies will be made, except with such persons as reside on the regular travelling route. Booksellers and "eountry merchants can be sup plied at wholesale prices—which will afford from 20 to 50 per cent profit. Address (post paid) F. S. BRONSON, LaGrange, Ga. Fire in Charleston. The •• Courier,” ot yes.erdav, furnishes the following particulars of the last fire in that city: “ We are called on to record another fire, and further destruction of cotton on one of the wharves ot our city. About 4 o’clock yester day morning flames were seen issuing Irom a quantity of cotton, piled up on Central wbart; and so rapid was it in its progress, in conse quence ot a strong wind which was blowing at the time, that it soon communicated to the brick building in the immediate vicinity, in which were the counting rooms of Messrs. John Fra ser & Co., Mr. Chs. Atkinson, Mr. Wm. Ad ams, and R. &J. Caldwell; the other rooms be ing used as a sampling room, and lor tilE'sto rage of various kinds of goods. The cotton in which the fire originated, a d which is all de stroyed, comprises between 7and 800 bales, and was consigned to the Messrs. Caldwell. The interior ol the building is very much injured. There were stored therein some 60 dozen bot lies of wine, upwards ol 60 bhtls. New Orleans molasses, and a quantity of ale and purer, about 8 bales Sea Island eotton, and a lew baies plains and blankets, which have also boen de stroyed. We.a re jmyy 'ff-.t IgM *W. la. enough to save their books and papers. There was a large wboden shed to the north, on Fitz simons’ wharf, which at the time was on fire, but by the timely exertions of several persons on the spot, the flames were arrested ; fire was also communicated to the cotton on this wharf, about 150 bag' of which, belonging to several individuals, and covered by insurance, were thrown ovesboard. We learn that ttie building was insured in the Charleston Insurance and Trust Company 01 this city; and that on the cotton on Central wharf there were SIOOO insu rance in the agency ol the Augusta Insurance and Banking Company, S4OOO in the N. Y. Croton Mutual Insurance Company, and S6OOO in the agency of the Howard Insurance Com pany ol New York. About 5 o’clock A. M. while the flames were raging, and flakes of burning cotton were flying in every direction, a shower came on which damped the cotton on the adjoining wharves, and prevented them Irom igniting. The firemen, in every department, performed their duty with a zeal, energy and learlessness that commanded the admiration of every one, and had they been less efficient, or less deter mint d, there can be little doubt that the fire would have been far more destructive. We are pleased to learn, also, that Capt. Coste, of the Revenue Cutter Van Buren, was on the spot, with a portion of his crew, as has been the case on previous occasions, and gave good aid in a— sisting to extinguish the flames. The City Council held a special meeting yes terday, w ith the view of adopting some preven tive measures as to the firing of cotton on the wharves, and we give the following transcript ot their proceedings: Resolved, That the Mayor be requested to increase the detail ol the City Guard for wharl duty, and that he make the necessary arrange ments to accomplish this end—that he also con fer with the wharl holders and procure their co operation with the city police. Resolved, That the Mayor be authorized to offer a reward ol SSOO, to be paid to any person who may give such information as may lead to the conviction ot the incendiaries engaged in firing the Cotton on Frazer & Co’s, wharf, on the morning ofthe sth inst. Resolved, That the Mayor apply to the Col lector for the services of the Cutter, to prevent unauthorised persons from picking up the Cot ton thrown into the harbor ol Charleston —and that the Mayor order all persons who have picked up such Cotton to report to him forth with. Extract from the minutes. J. R. ROGERS, Clerk. PROCLAMATION. Mayor's Office, March 5, 1845. Pursuant to resolution of the City Council, I do hereby offer a reward of SSOO, to be paid to any person who will give such information as will lead to the conviction ol the Incendiaries engaged in firing the Cotton on Fraser & Co’s, wharf, on the morningot the sth instant. Given under my hand andtheseal ofthe Corpo ration, the day and year as here written. [L. S.j J. SCHNIERLE, Mayor. ■" 1 /"'""TI j ■ ~ ~ ~~ z t- »*I ~ ' ling, are hereby forbid to pick up or iutredace into the city of Charleston, any ol the cotton thrown into the narbor by order of the Fire De partment on the morning ol the sth inst. And all persons who have picked up such cotton, will report the quantity to the Mayor forthwith. The wharf holders are requested to assemble this afternoon, at 5 o’clock, P. M., at the Read ing Room, lor the purpose ot making arrange ments to organize an efficient wharf watch. J. SCHNIERLE, Mayor. ■* The wharf owners met yesterday afternoon, at the Exchange Reading Room, agreeably to the request of the Mayor, and made arrange ments to guard against these repeated incendia ry attempts. There are strong hopes that the criminals may yet be detected, and it so, it is to be sincerely desired that such punishment may be inflicted as will deter others from commit tinga similar act. The Ballroom and Home.—-A ball room! what a scene ol common-place 1 how hackneyed in hovels, how trifling in ordinary life; and yet ball rooms have a character and a sentiment of their own for all tempersand ages. Something in the lights, the crowd, the music, conduces to stir up many ofthe thoughts that belong to fancy and romance. It is a melancholy scene to men after a certain age. It revives many ot those lighter and mors graceful images connected with the wandering desires of youth, shadows that crossed us, and seemed love, but were not; feaving much of the grace and charm, but none of the passion and tragedy of love. So many of our earliest and gentlest recollections ate con nected with those chalked floors, and that music painfully gay, and those quiet nooksand corners, where the talk that hovers about the heart and doesnot touch it has been held. Apart and un sympathizing in that auserer wisdom which comes to us after deep passions have been ex cited, we see fortfi after form, chasing the but terflies that dazzle us no longer, among the flowers that have evermore lost their fragrance. Some how or other, it is one of the scenes that remind us more forcibly of the loss oi youth I We are brought so closely in contact with the young and with the short-lived pleasures that once pleased us, and are forfeited all bloom.— Happy the man who turns from “the tinkling cymbal” and “the gallery of pictures.” and can think ot some watchful eye and some kind heart nt home. Butthose who have no home—and they are a numerous tribe—never le 1 lonelier hermits or sadder moralists than in such a crowd. Bulveer. The Missouri Iron Mountain.—The St. Louis Republican of Wednesday says: We understand that the company who now own this immense mass of iron ore, have com menced operations in the erection ol furnaces, and will, in the course ot the present year, be fairly under way. They have abundant capi tal for the erection of extensive works, and we shall soon be made to feel the advantage ot such establishments in our immediate neghbor hood. The following .on the subject of recently discovered Lead Mines, is from the same pa per : Mammoth Lead! Still Another Cave.'! — Jas. Hunt, formerly ot Trenton, N. J , has led the --tFfi-pjjjJhe discovery of the succession ot caves in this leM since the commencement. The last account wt gave of him, about a month ago, he had just ent&jfd Cave No. 4; he has now made his way 60 No. 5, and masses ol Galena are the to his further progress. Before the were discovered, this Colisi u >w Hie the tui ':>', - he Tin’s It a. l - east, Hom Hill— b.irtiugh, the lor J'-lt-r- i being about 55^^^^V ou( h ol St. Louis. It is owned of individuals, t-e --sides Mr. of whom reside in this “ I'be Fishes.”—We give the following from the leit-rofthe Wa-h ington ot '.he N. 5. Courier & Enquirer: “ other offices of less dignity but m^^Bd' them oi greater profit, there is a system going on here, among members of^^H resent Congress, whom the people have^^»‘ e!t ’d, that is perfectly disgrace ful; a : rorn^^B instance ct which is Mr. Leo nard. He to the Post Office ol your citv, and to it, > s combining with Mr. Stiles ol Ga. other rejected members, who are seeking desires the Consulate at Havana. mard is doing all that he can to while Stiles is equally urgent shall have the Post Office; and the wishes off he people of yourcity and the interest ot the mercantile community are thus being made the s object of traffic between these two honorables. ' Leonard may make a good Post Master of yt urcity for aught 1 know; your citizens will, how ever, make up their mind on this subject for t lemselves; but 1 am certain that neither Stile: ‘ nor any other lawyer from the Cherokee dist iict of Georgia, can be quali fied for thpt imp ortanl Consulate. As there is a strong probability that there will be a change in that office i'ilwould be well lor those inte rested, in yourKity, to look to it that it is pro perly tiled.” U AUGUSTA, GA., THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 13, 1845. SATURDAY MORNING, MARCH 8. Manufactures. The annexed editorial and communication, which we find in the Columbus “Enquirer,” of thesth inst., although designed more particular ly for the meridian of Columbus, will apply with equal force to this community, and we ask for them an attentive perusal. Os Mr. Bridges we knov; nothing, butjhe endorsement of him by the editors of the “Enquirer” is such as to give weight to his opinions and declarations, and we trust they will not pass unheeded by this community, at this very important and interesting epoch in our history. What Mr. Bridges says of Columbus is equally true of Augusta, and no man familiar with the posi tion of the two locations will deny that Au gusta possesses superior advantages—for, with a water power equal in every respect to phut oi n.tssa of the cities and the interiorof Georgia, Alapama and Tennessee, afford facilitiestoAu gnsta of which Columbus cannot now and nev er can boast. Citizens ot Augusta, you are in deed highly favored, and it behooves you to act as becomes men of enterprise and industry, evincing that (Spirit of philanthropy which, while it enriches you, contemplates, and by a proper direction of your energies and means will secure, the amelioration of your species. Let not therefore the present occasion stamp you with supineness in a work of such magni tude, but aet and act promptly. COLUMBUS A MANUFACTURING CITY. We call the especial attentiorfof our citizens to the following communication from Mr. Bridges, one ol the owners and superintendant ofthe Colton Factory now in-pperation at this place, and who is well known 'to many of our citizens as a thorough practical man, well versed in the whole routine of the business upon which he treats. Mr. B has spent by lar the greater portion of his lite in and about the ex tensive manufacturing establishments of the Northern States, and by his long experience in the business, has become thoroughly acquainted with every thing ap enaining thereto. His viewsand opinions, therefore, are every way entitled to serious consideration. An idea has for a long time prevailed among oilr people, “ that our domestic relations must ever unfit the South for manufacturing enter prises.” The light of experience, however, has nearly done away with this phantom which has done so much to palsy the arm ot industry, and has shown beyond a doubt that so far, ass the experiment has been tried, our institutions, our character, our temperament, our popula tion, our climate, soil and productions, pre all adapted to manulacturing pursuits. It is per fect nonsense for people to say that the Southern people must be essentially and wholly an ag ricultural people. It contradicts the very fitst principles of sound philosophy and political economy. Division of labor and variety of pur suits, are distinguishing evidencesoftheadvance of civilization keeping pace with society, and marking its brightening course until it reaches the highest state of refinement. The attention of the Southern people has of late been awakened to the importance of this subject, and we think no person can read the communication of Mr. Bridges, without be coming fully convinced of the good effects which will be certain to tesult from an investment in manufacturing operations in this city. The facilities for such business cannot be surpassed in any section of country. We possess double the water power of Lowell, Mass., and are situated in the very heart ot a country affording every facility both tor materials and labor. No wonder practical men are astonished at the supineness that has heretofore existed on this subject. The pecuniary benefits resulting from an in vestment in manulacturing operations, are ecu- call the atteU~' 'ion of our citizens tothe influence such enter prise will have upon the destinies ot Columbus Let us for a moment consider the history of Lowell. Twenty years ago, or therebouts, she was an obscure village, with scarce an advan tage save her water power. Now, she has a population ot about 28,000, and has employed in manufacturing pursuits an aggregate capital of $10,650,000. There are eleven principal manufacturing corporations in the place, which have in operation 201,076 spindles, and 6,191 looms These eleven corporations consume annually.sß,2lo bales of cotton, manufacture 74,14L£».0 yards of cloth, employ about 9,000 hands, and have 33 large six and seven storied mills, besides many other extensive buildings. Let the reader think of these things. About 60,000 bales ot cotton consumed annually in the city ot Lowell, a place that has not t>alf the natural advantages ot Columbus I is it possi ble to carry this cotton to the North, at an average cost ot from 5 to 87 per bale, (at pre sent prices neatly one hall its entire value,) it into goods, and icturn it to us in ColdWwUs, or to any other part ofthe South ern country, cheaper than we can manufacture it tor ourselves? No one will contend that this can be done. All that is needed is a vigorous effort, and instead ot'our being dependent upon the North for our suuplies of cotton goods, they would find it to their interest to purchase of us. Should the advantages possessed by Columbus alone, be embraced, it would do much towards effeetingthis result. In ten years, she might be what Lowell now is. Instead of 5,000, she would number her 30 or 40,000 inhabitants, supplying the entire South and West with her manufactured goods. All are interested in the result. -The planter will sell hiscotlon at high er prices, and be enabled to procure his domestic goods at cheaper rales—the capitalist will find a permanent and profitable investment for his capital, where but little risk will be run. The merchant will be benefilted by the general pros perity and increase ol a laboring population.— And the industrious poor would have new sources opened to th m tor obtaining not only the necessaries of life, but even the means of living in comparative affluence. Nature has done much lor Columbus—let art and industry perform but their parts, and ail will be will, ft, is necessary that we should act, as well a' talk, in this matter. Our community should move with one heart and one hand towards the ac complishment of this mighty undertaking. We had intended simply to introduce the communication ot Mr. Bridges to our readers, but the importance of the subject has induced us to dwell upon it somewhat at length. We will close for the present by recommending the follow ing sound arguments in favor of making Columbus a manufacturing city, to the serious reflection ol all classes of readers, but particu larly those who have capital unemployed. COTTON MANUFACTURING. The manufac'tiring of cotton in the Southern Stales is a subject that has attracted mj’ atten tion ftr many years, whi e engaged in the cotton manufacturing business in Massachusetts anfi Rhode Island. But since living here, it Iv produced a settled conviction in my mind that manufacturing is a business whicb should en gage the attention ol the capitalists ofthe South ern Slates, but more particularly those of Co Itimbtis. When considering the many advan tages we possess o er the New-England Slates, it is surprising to me that the business has not been for years firmly established here. But w ith this lamentable fact before us, must we sit down and be forever tributary to the New-Eng land States tor the aiticle of clothing, fabricated from the very article raised here at every plan tation, and which is transported to the North, there manufactured into various kinds of cloths, and then returned to us with the addition ot 4 or 500 per cent, on its original value? Isay that these are facts which should excite the attention ofevery business man in this drooping country, for it is beyond doubt that planters must employ p rt of their capital in some other business than raising colt m—and there can be no invest ment that would be ol such importance to the community, as the manufacturing of this article of their own production—because it would afford business to the poorer class of people who are now almost entirely idle, lor the want of some suitable employment—and it would, also, en hance the produce of the country. I will, there fore, attempt to make some estimate of its im portance. We will suppose that we manufacture 50,000 bales (eachbale weighing4oopounds)ofcotton yearly, into various kindso! goods. Every busi ness man well knows that i' is then w orth, upon an average, 25 cents per lb. Deduct ten per cent, for waste which leaves 360 lbs. to each bale, making eighteen million pounds of goods, which at 25 cents per pound,amountstosl.soo,- 000. Deduct the present highest price of cotton for the 50,000 bales, (S2O each,) it amounts to $1,000,000— leaving 33,500,000 to pay the ex penses of manufacturing, freight, commissions, &c., the whole labor of which will not cost over 4 cents per pound—other expenses such as inte rest on capital, insurance, oil, starch, &c.. will not exceed in cost 2 cents per pound—so that we may certainly be safe in estimating the profits at 14 cents per pound on the 18,000,000 of lbs., which will amount to 82,520,000—adding the 4 c nts paid lor labor, $720,000. and it amounts to the large sum of $3,240,000 retained in the community. The quantity of machinery to ma nufacture the 50,000 baits will require 185,000 spindles, which, v”th all the other machinery and buildings attached to it for making cloth, will cosißls per spmdle—amounting t052,775,- 000. We will sup ose that this machinery is built here in Col u tubus, which it certainly should be, the amount of r.,oney sent Irom the commu nity to purchase ire 1, steel, paints, &c., would amount to $2 per spindle, or $370,000. We will suppose the business is carried on lor ten years, and the machinery will certainly last that time—and we then find our earnings in thecom munity will amount to the large sum of $32,- 030,000, after deducting the outlay for materi als to build the machinery— to say nothing about many other branches of industry which would consequently spring up from ibis large business. The w hole commur.ity would be moved with a spirit ol enterprise to various kinds of pursuits. Look at New-Engn id- There, you will see the gn at effects, bail i:i morals and in wealth, which the manufacturing business has pro duced. As barren ,«ud rugged as she is, there is scarcely a that has not some kind of manufacturing .ferried on upon it, AH is :.I,- nd .ic river, seven mtlM below Lowell, wlie e they will build another” city of thirty or fbtry thousand inhabitants. And now, capitalists of the South, will you remain idle in this great and important busi ness, and suffer the Northern States to reap the harvest which should belong to you? I answer no. The day is pastand gone when you thought it best to have your cotton shipped to the North, there manufactured, and then a large propor tion of it returned to you in goods, with 4 or 500 per cent added to its original value. Such things ought not to be, and they appear very different from what they should, when we con sider the many advantages we possess, enjuyed by no other people in the United Stales—loca ted, as we are, in a most fertile and healthy country, and the best climate for manufacturing in the world—with a water power sufficient to manufacture 100,000 bales of cotton yearly— and having the advantage of a good navigable river for steamboats, to transport our goods to all parts of the world. From my late experi ence, I am thoroughly convinced that a suffi cient number ot good rvhite operatives can be procured from the country to operate fifty, or even one hundred factories, at a rate even cheap er than in the Northern States, for the reason that they can live cheaper in consequence of the mild climate, which does not require so much clothing nor so expensive dwelling houses—and it is an undoubted fact, that where people can live the easiest, there they can live the cheap est. Another great advantage is the location being in the city of Columbus, where the manu facturer can select his cotton inAhe great cotton market, without loss of time 2-.A large capital to lay in his supplies. The great water power, with all the other fa cilities for manulacturing purposes in ourmidst, have been laying completely idle until recently, when now the first Factory is being started, in which I am engaged -and I feel proud to see the commencement of what I am in hopes will ultimately prove to be a great and prosperous business—and that, instead of stopping with five or six thousand inhabitants, our city will continue to increase until it numbers seventy five dr eighty thousand. It is the design of the present Company to erect a machine shop for building all kinds of machinery, which will be furnished cheaper than it can be procured from the Northern shops—so that the manufacturer can commence with but little loss ot time. 1 would suggest the forming of Joint Stock Com panies, which would give people of small means an opportunity to engage in the business, the same as the Companies are at Lowell, where there is more than $500,000 worth ot the stock owned by the operatives. Matterscan be so systematically arranged, llat there could be no possibility ofa failure. J. BRIDGES. Hunt’s Merchant’s Magazine.—The March number of this valuable werk has been received. The following is the tabe of contents: The Consular System ot the United States; The Iron Trade; Resources of Pennsylvania ; Wheaton’s Law of Nations; Reciprocity Trea ties and Commercial Miercotirse with the Rritfeh Colonie' ’ s-t- -CTrrrvriTrxiTT- w Vom tn ercl a | Department; MetcantiV Miscellanies; Com mercial Relations; Ri 1 Road and S’cam boat Statistics; Comt.je cial S-atistics; The Book Trade. Return or the Mexican Ministeb.—The N. York “Herald” of Tuesd y 4th inst., says, the Mexican Minister at Washington, Almonte, has made all necessary arrangements for his return to Mexico. He hastakei passage in the barque “ Eugenia” now in this pirt, and has written to the agents here desiring them to detain her until the 15th, ns he is obliged io delay his departure in consequence of the illnais of some member of his family. The New Senate.—A new Senate con vened in Washington on the 4lh inst., to act on the new President’s Cabinet and other nomina tions. This Senate is composed as follows: Whigs. Terms expire. George Evans, Mainelß47 Wiliam Upham, Vt 1849 Samuel S. Phelps, dolßsl Isaac C. Bates, Masslß47 Daniel Webster, dolßsl James F. Simmons, R. 11847 Albert C. Greene, dolßsl Jabez W. Huntington, Ctlßsl Jacob W. Miller, N. J 1847 William L. Dayton, dolßsl Thomas Clayton, De 11847 John .VI. Clayton, dolßsl James A. Pearce, Md 1849 Revcrdy Johnson, dolßsl William S. Archer, Va 1847 Willie P. Mangum, N. C 1847 John M. Berrien, Ga 1847 Alexander Barrow, La 1847 Henry Johnson, d 01849 Spencer Jarnagin, Tennlß47 James T. Morehead, Ky 1847 John J. Crittenden, d 01849 Thomas Cotwin, Ohiolßsl Wm. Woodbridge, Michlß47 24 Whigs. Locofocos. Terms expire. John Fairfield, Mainelßsl Levi Woodbury, N. F 11847 Chas. G. Atherton, dolßl9 John M. Niles, Ct 1849 John A. Dix, N. Y 1847 Daniel S. Dickinson, dolßsl James Buchanan. Pa 1849 Daniel Sturgeon, dolßsl Wm. H. Haywood, N. C 1849 Daniel E. Huger, S.CiB47 George McDuffie, dolßl9 Waller T. Colquitt, Ga 1849 Dixon H. Lewi', A1a1847 Arthur P. Bagby, d 01849 Robert J. Walker, Misslß47 Jesse Speight, dolßsl William Allen, 0hi01849 E.lw. A. Hannegan, la.. 1849 James Semple, 1111847 Sidney Breese, d0.”.1849 David R. Atcheson, M 01849 Thomas FI. Benton, dolßsl Chester Ashley, Arklß47 Ambrose H. Sevier, d 01849 Lewis Cass, Michiganlßsl 25 Locofocos. There are three vacancies, caused by failures to elect in Indiana and Virginia, and the cir cumstance that the Legislature of Tennessee has not met Ihe past year. Had elections been held in these Slates, each would havZchosen a Whig Senator, making 27 Wbigs to 25 Locos. The Grave op Washington’b Mother. —A correspondent of the New York Sun, writing from Fredericksburg, Virginia, says—“ Il I did not see Washington’s tomb, I have seen his mother’s. She lived and died here in Fredericks burg. The long white house in which she lived remains, and is inhabited by others, while a monument out in tire fields, half finished, covers her remains, and is a sad picture of something—completion and desolation. I' is on the estate of Mr. Gordon, who has ostenta tiously built a brick w all around some family graves near by, as if their remembrance depen ded upon being linked with her’s who has no need of epitaph or “pointed stone.” The monument was designed and so far finished, by a New Yorker. He afterwards failed, having expended about $15,000 on it, and the monu mentstands unfinished! The base is ten or twelve feet high, formed ofseveral blocks ot marble, each lessening in size and wrought in the Corinthian order; while the obelisk which is to crown it, a huge block of grey marble nearly fourteen feet in length, lies nearby in the rough, well embedded in the sandy soil. Some wretches have made one side of the monument a shooting target, and have despoiled it in many ways. If I ever tel* sorrow and indignation, it was while looking on a picture like this. The mother of Wash ington! with an unfinished monument—for shame, Virginia! Where is thy chivalry, thy blush ? But why do I chide—they are most to be pitied who can live and look on such a desecration. This is one of the oldest towns in Virginia, has a little commerce on the Pot'j.-. mac, contains about 5000 inhabitants— all, looks dilapidated and poor, HIW something . once vigorous but now decayed.” THE INAUGURAL . This document, which has been looked for with some degree of interest by all parties, we give below. Its length, and the limited time allowed us before going to press, prevent any comm em upon its merits as a state paper, and we submit it to the reader lor his own conclu sions, with the single remark, that it will be found general'y vague and somewhat indecisive, dealing rather in generalities than otherwise. — The policy, therefore, of the new incumbt nt must be gleaned from his subsequent acts, rather than from any positive affirmation of principles in his Inaugural. In this, however, we are not disappointed, for we are too familiar with the character of such documents, to have expected more from Mr. Polk, who could not be supposed to be ignorant of his peculiar position, as the re- Fellow-Citizens: Without solicitation on mv part, I have been chosen by the free and vo luntary suffrages ot n>y countrymen to the most honorable and most responsible office on earth. 1 atn deeply impressed with gratitude for the confidence reposed in me. Honored with this distinguished consideration at an earlier period of lite than any of my predecessors, I cannot disguise the diffidence with which 1 am about to enter on the discharge of my official duties. if the more aged and experienced men who have filled the office of President of the United States, even in the infancy ofthe republic, dis trusted their ability to discharge the duties of that exalted station, what ought not to be the apprehensions ot one so much younger and less endowed, now that our domain extends from ocean to ocean, that our people have so greatly increased in numbers, and at a time when so great diversity of opinion prevails in regard to the principles and policy which should charac terize the administration of our government ? Well may the boldest fear, and the wisest trem ble, when incurring responsibilities on which may depend our country’s peace and prosperity, and, in some degree, the hopes and happiness of the whole human family. In assuming responsibilities so vast, I fer vently invoke the aid of that Almighty Ruler of the universe, in whose hands are the destinies of nations and of men, to guard this heaven-fa vored land against the mischiefs which, without His guidance, might arise from an unwise pub lic policy. With a firm reliance upon the wis dom ot Omnipotence to sustain and direct me in the path of duty which I am appointed to pursue, I stand in the presence of this assembled multitude of my countrymen, to take upon my self the solemn obligation, “to the best of my ability, to preserve, protect, and defend the con stitution ofthe United States.” A concise enumeration of the principles which will guide me in the adininistratire poli cy of the government, is not only in accordance with the examples set me by all my predeces sors, but is eminently befitting the ocecgion. The constitution itself, plainly written as it is, the safeguard of our federative compact, the offspring of concession and compromise, bind ing together in the bonds ot peace and union this great and increasing family of free and in dependent Stales, will be the chart by which 1 shall be directed. It will be my first care to administer the go vernment in the true spirit of that instrument, and to assume no powers not expressly granted or clearly implied in its terms. The govern ment of the United States is one of delegated and limited powers; and it is by a strict adhe rence to the clearly granted powers, and by ab staining from the exercise ol doubtful or unau thorized implied powers, that we have the only sure guaranty against the recurrence ot those unfortunate collisions between the Federal and Slate authorities, wl ich have occasionally so much disturbed the harmony of our system,and even threatened the perpetuity of our glorious Union. “ To the States respectively, or to the people," have been reserved “the powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor pit iiifaUgd by it to the Stfctcs.** Ifeid. S|»t.- ;« a served powefs. Tfie’gbvernment of the Union, acting within the sphere of its delegated author ity, is also a complete sovereignty. While the government should abstain from the exercise ot authority not clearly delegated to it, the States should be equally careful that, in the mainten ance of their rights, they do not overstep the limits of poweis reserved to them. One of the most distinguished of my predecessors attached deserved importanceL. the support of the Slate govern uents in all their rights, as the most com petent admin istrat ton for our domestic concerns, and the surest bulwark against anti-republican tendencies;” and to the “ preservation ot the ge neral government in its whole constitutional vigor, as the sheet-anchor of our peace at home, and safety abroad.” To the government of the United States has been intrusted the exclusive management of our foreign affairs. Beyond that, it wields a few ge neral enumerated powers. It does not force re form on the Slates. It leaves individuals, over whom it casts its protecting influence, entirely tree to improve theirown condition by the legiti mate exercise of all their mental and physical powei s. It is 8 common protector ol each and all the States; ofevery man who lives upon out soil, whether of native or t reign birth. >4 eve ry religious sect, in their worship of the Almighty according to the dictates of their own conscience; of every shade ot opinion, and the most free in qt iry; of every art, trade, and occupation, con sistent with the laws ofthe Stales. And we re joice in the general happiness, prosperity, and advancement of our country, which have been the offspring of freedom, and not of power. This most admirable and wisestsystem ot well regulated self-government among men, ever de vised by human tn in ds, has been tested by its suc cessful operation for more than half a century; and, if preserved from the usurpations of the federal go eminent on the one hand, and the exercise by the States of powers not reserved to them on the other, will, 1 fervently hope and be lieve, endure for ages to come, and dispense the blessings of civil and religious lib rty to dis tant generations. To efleet objects so dear to every patriot, I shall devote myself with anx ious solicitude. ft will be my desire to guard against that most fruitful source of danger to the harmonious action ot our system, which consists in substituting the mere discretion and caprice of the executive, or of majorities in the legislative department of the government, for powers which have been withheld from the fede ral government by the constitution. By the theory of our government, majorities rule; but this right is not an arbitrary or unlimited one. It is a right to be in subordination to the constitu tion, and in conformity to it. One great object of the constitution was to restrain majorities from oppressing minorities, or encroaching up on their just rights. Minorities have a right to appeal to the constitution, as a shield against such oppression. That the blessings ot liberty which our con stitution secures may be enjoyed alike by mi norities and majorities, the executive has been wisely invested with a qualified veto upon the acts of the legislature. It is a negative power, and is conservative in its character. It arrests for the time hasty, inconsiderate, or unconstitu tional legislation; invites reconsideration, and transfers questions at issue between the legisla tive and executive departments to the tribunal of the people. Like all other powers, it is sub ject to be abused. When judiciously and pro perly exercised, the constitution itself may be saved from infraction, and the rights ot all pre served and protected. The inestir able value of our federal Union is felt and acknowledged by all. By this sys tern of united and confederated States, our peo ple are permitted, collectively and individually, to seek their own happiness in their own way; and the consequences have been most auspicious. Since the Union was formed, the number of the Stales has increased from thirteen to twenty eight; twoot these have taken their position as members ofthe confederacy within the last week. Our population has increased from three to twenty millions. New communities and states are seeking protection tinder itsasgis, and mul titudes from the Old World are flocking to our shores to participate in its blessings. Beneath its benign sway, peace and prosperity prevail. Freed from the burdens and miseries of war, our trade and intercouse have extended through out the world. Mind, no longer tasked in devis ing means to accomplish or resist sehemes of ambition, usurpation, or conquest, is devoting itself to man’s true interests, in developing his faculties and powers, and the capacity of nature to minister to his enjoyment. Genius is free to announce its inventions and discoveries; and the hand is tree to accomplish whatever the head conceives, not incompatible with the rights of a fellow being. All distinctions of birth or ot rank have been abolished. All citizens, whether native or adopted, are placed upon terms ot precise equality. All are entitled to equal rights and equal protection. No union exists between church and state, and perfect freedom ofopinion is guarantied to all sects and creeds. These are some of the blessings secured to our happy land by our Federal Union. To per petuate them, it is our sacred duty to preserve it. Who shall assign limits to the achievements of free minds and free hands, under the protection of this glorious Union ?—No treason to mankind since the organization of society’, would be equal in atrocity to that of him who would lift his band to destroy it. He would overthrow the I noblest structure of human wisdom, which pro- tects himself and his fellow man. He would stop the progress ot free government, and involve his country either in anarchy or despotism. He would extinguish the fire ot liberty which warms and animates the hearts of happy mil lions, and invites all the nations of the earth to imitate our example. If he say that error and wrong are committed in the administration ot the goverrnent, let him remember that nothing human can be perfect; and that under no other system of government revealed by Heaven, or devised by man, has reason been allowed so free and broad a scope to combat error. Has the sword of despots proved to be a safer or surer instrument ol reform in government than en lightened reason ? Does he expect to find among the ruins of this Union a happier abode for our swarming millions than they now have undent? Every loverol his country mustshuddei at the thought of the possibility of its dissolution and will be ready to adopt the patriotic senti ment, “Our federal Union —it must be preserv ed'" To comprotuises which observed. Any attempt" to disturb or destroy these compromises, being terms of the compact of Union, can lead to none other than the most ruinous and disastious consequences. It is a source of deep regret that, in some sections of out country, misguided persons have occasionally indulged in schemesand agitations whose object is the destruction of domestic in stitutions existing in other sections—institutions which existed al the adoption of the constitu tion, and were recognized and protected by it. All must see that if it were possible for them to be successful tn attaining their object, the dis solution of the Union, and the consi quent de struction-ot our happy form ot government, must speedily follow. ’ I atn happy to believe that at every period of our existence as a nation, there has existed, and continues to exist, among the great mass of our people, a devotion to the Union of the Slates which will shield and protect it against the mo ral treason of any who would seriously con template its destruction. To secure a continu ance of that devotion, the compromises of the constitution must not only be preserved, but sectional jealousies an l heartburnings must be discountenanced; and all should remember that they are members ofthe same political family, having a common destiny. To increase the attachment of our people to the Union, our laws should be just. Any policy which shall lend to favor monopolies, or the peculiar inte rest of sections or classes, must operate to the prejudice of the interests ot their fellow-citizens, and should be avoided, ft the compromises ot the constitution be preserved—if sectional jeal ousies and heart burnings be discountenanced ifour laws be just and the government be practically administered strictly within the li ra its of power prescribed to it—we may discard all apprehensions for the safety of the Union. With these views of the nature, character and objects of the government, and the value ot the Union, I shall steadily oppose the creation ot those institutions and systems, which, in their nature, tend to pervert it from its legitimate pur poses, and make it the instrument of seutons, classes and individuals. We need no national banks, or otherextraneous institutions, planted around the government to conti ol or strengthen it in opposition to the will of its authors. Ex perience has ta.ighl us how unnecessary they are as auxiliaries ofthe public authorities, how impotent for good, and now powerful tor mis chief. Ours was intended to be a plain and frugal government; and 1 shall regard it to be my du ty to recommend to Congress, and, as lar as the execution is concerned, to enforce by all the means within my power, the strictest economy in the expenditureot the public money, which may be compatible with the public interests. A national debt has become almost an insti tution ol European monarchies. It is viewed, in some of them, as an essential prop to existing governments. Melancholy is the condition ol that people whose government can be sustained only by a system which periodically transfers large amounts Irom the labors of the many to the coffers of the lew. Such a system is incusas* patible « } th the e-;rfs ncy; tTie’ l fetsrs"Co’nffacted fn &tfrrevolution, and during the war of 1812, have been happily ex tinguished. By a judicious application ofthe revenues, not requited for other necessary pur poses, it isnotdoubted that the debt which has grown out of the circumstancesof the last lew years may be speedily paid off. I congratulate my fellow-citizens on the en tire restoration ol the credit of the general gov ernment ofthe Union, and that of many ofthe States. Happy would it be for the indebted Stales ifthey were freed from their liabilities, many of which were incautiously contracted. Although the government of the Uniofi is neither in a legal nor a moral sense bound for the debts of the Stales, and it woul I be a viola tion ot our compact of Union to assume them, yet we cannot but feel a interest in seeing all the States meet their public liabilities, and pay offtheir just debts, at the earliest practica ble period. That they will do so, as soon as it ean be done without imposing too heavy burdens on their citizens, there is no reason to doubt. The sound, moral, honorable feeling of the people ol the indebted States, cannot be questioned; and we are happy to perceive a settled disposition on theirpart, as their ability returns, after a season of unexampled pecuni ary embarrassment, to pay off all just demands, and to acquiesce in any reasonable measures to accomplish that object. One ot the difficulties which we have had to encounter in the practical administration of the government, consists in the adjustment ol our revenue laws, and the levy of the taxes ne cessary for the support ol government. In the genelal proposition, that uo more money shall be collected than the necessities of an econo mical administration shall require, all parties seem toacquiesee. Nor does there seem to be any material difference of opinion as to the ab sence of right in the government to tax one sec ion ot c luntry, for one class of citizens, or one the mere profit of another.— “Justice an» sound policy forbid the federal government to foster one branch ot industry to the detriment ot another, or to cherish the in terests ot one portion to the injury of another portion of our common country.” I have here tofore declared to my fellow-citizens that, in “my judgment, it is the duty of the government to extend, as far as it may be practicable to do so, by its revenue laws, and all other means within its power, fair and just protection to al: the great interests of the whole Union, embra cing agriculture manufactures, the mechanic arts, commerce, and navigation.” I have also declared my opinion to be “in favor of a tariff for revenue,” and that, "in adjus'ing the details of such a tariff, 1 have sanctioned such moderate discriminating duties as would produce the amount of revenue needed, and, at the same time, afford reasonable incidental protection to our home industry ;” and that I was “opposed loa tariff for protection merely, and not for re venue.” The power “to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts an : excises,” was an indispensable one to be conferred on the federal government, Which, without it, would possess no means of providing for its own support. In executing this power by levying a tariff of duties for the sunport of government, the raising of revenue should be the object and protection the incident.— To reverse this principle and make protection the object, and rev nue the incident, would Be to inflict manifest injustice upon all other than the protected interests. In levying duties lor reve nue, it is doubt less proper to make such discrimi nations within the revenue principle, as will af ford incidental protection to our home interests. Within the revenue limit, there is a discretion to discriminate; beyond that limit, the rightlul exercise of the power is not conceded. The in cidental protection afforded to our home inte rests should, as lar as practicable, be equally protected. The largest portion of our people are agriculturists. Others are employed in manufactures, commerce, navigation and the mechanic arts. They are all engaged in their respective pur suits, and their jointlaborsconstitute the nation al or home industry. To tax one branch of th is home industry for the benefit of another, would be unjust. No one ot these interests can right fully claim an advantage over the others, or to be enriched by impoverishing the others. All are equally entitled to the fostering care and protectionofthe government. In exefeising a sound discretion in levying discriminating du ties within the limit prescribed, care should be taken that it be done in a manner not to benefit the wealthy few, at the expense oi the toiling millions, by taxing lowest the luxuries ol life, or articlesof superior quality and high price, which can only be consumed by the wealthy; and highest the necessaries ol life, or articles of coarse quality and low price, which the poor and great mass of our people must consume. The bur densol government should, as tar as practicable, be distributed justly and equally among all clas ses of our population. These general views, long entertained on this subject, I have deemed it proper to reiterate. It is a subject upon which conflicting interests of sections and occupations are supposed to exist, and a spirit of mutual concession and compromise in adjusting itsde tails should be cherished by every part of our wide spread country as the only means of pre serving harmony and a cheerful acquiescence of all in the operation of our revenue laws. Our patriotic citizens in every part of the Union will readily submit to the payment of such taxes as shall be needed for the support of their govern ment, whether in peace or in war, it they are «o levied as todisuibuie the burdens as equally us possible among them. The republic ol Texas has made known her desire to come into cur Uni n, to form a pan oi our confederacy, and enjoy with us the blessings of liberty, secured and guatantied by our con stitution. Texas was once a part ot our coun try—was unwisely ceded away to a foreign (lower —is now independent, and possesses an undoubted right to dispose of a part or the whole of her territory, and to merge her sovereignty, as a separate a>d independent State, in ours. 1 congratulate my country that, by an act of the late Congress ofthe United Slates, the assent oi inis government has been given to tbe re-union; and it only remains for the two countries to agree upon the terms, to consummate an object so im portant to both. I regard the question of annexation as be longing exclusively to the United States and Texas. They are independent powers, compe tent to aontract; and foreign natrons have no right to interfere with them, or to take excep limits, is to extend the oominions of peace over additional territories and i icreasing millions. The world has nothing to tear from military ambition in our government. While the chiel magistrate and the popular branch ol Congress are elected tor short terms by the suffrages ot those millions who must, in their own persons, bear all the burdens and miseries of war, our government cannot be otherwise than pac tic. Foreign powers should, thereiore, look on the annexation oi Texas to the United States, noi as the conquest ot a nation seeking to extend her dominions by arms and violence, but as the peaceful acquisition of a territory once herown, by adding another membertoour confederation with the consent ot that member —thereby di minishing the chances of war, and opening to them new and ever-increasing marke.s lor their products. „To Texas, the re-union is important, because the strong protecting arm ot our government would ba extended over her, and the vast re sources of her fertile soil and genial climate would be speedily developed; while the safety of New Orleans and of our whole southwestern frontier against hostile aggression, as well as the interests ot the whole Union, wquldbe pro moted by it. In the earlier stages of our national existenc ■, the opinion prevailed with some, that oursys tem of contederated States could not operate successfully over an extended territory, and se rious objections have, at different times, been made to the enlargement of our boundaries. These objections were earnestly urged when we acquired Louisiana. Experience hasshown that they were not well founded. The title of nu merous Indian tribes to vast tracts of country has been extinguished. New Slates have been admitted into the Union. New Territories have been created, and our jurisdiction and laws extended over them. As our population has expanded, the Union has been cemented and strengthened. As our boun daries have been spread over a large surlace, our federative system has acquired additional strength and security. It may well be doubt ’d whether it would not be in greater danger of overthrow, if our present population were coqZ fined to the comparatively narrow limt s of the origiiialjhirteen States, than it is now that they are sparsely settled over a more expanded terri tory. It is confidently believed that our system may be safely extended to the utmost boun is of' our territorial limits, and that, as it shall he ex tended, the bonds of our Union, so far from be ing weakened, will become stronger. None can fail to see the danger to olir safety and future peace, it Texas remains an indepen dent State, or becomes an allay or dependency of some foreign nation more powerful Rian ter self. Is there one among our citizens who would not prefer perpetual peace with Texas, to occasional wars, which so often occur be tween bordering independent nations? Is there one who would not prefer free intercourse with her, to high duties on all our products and ma nulactures which enter her f orts or cross her frontiers? Is there one who Would not prefer an uateaixicieAcuAnmunication with het citizens, ' will rernafn herown, whether annexed to the Unite ! States or not. None of the present St ites will be responsible tor them, any more than they are for the local institutions of each other. They hava confederated together lor cer tain specified objects. Upon the same principal that they would retuse to form a perpetual union with Texas because ol her local institutions, our forefathers would have been prevented from forming our present Union. Perceiving no valid objection to tbe measure, and many reasons tor its adop tion, vitally affecting the peace, the safety and the prosperity of both countries, I shall, on the broad principle which formed the basis and produced the adoption of our constitution, and not in any narrow spirit ol sectional policy, en deavor, by all constitutional, honorable, and appropriate means, to consummate theexpressed will of the people and government ot the United States, by the re-annexation of Texas to our Union al the earliest practicable period. Nor will it become in ales-degree iny duty to asseit and maintain, by all constitutional means, the right of the United Slates to that portion ot our territory win ch lies b°jond the Rocky mountains. Our title to the countrv of the Oregon is “clear and unqu stiouable,” ami already are our people preparing to petted I that title by occupying it with their wives and children. But eigidy years ago, our population ' was confined on the Wesi by the ridge ol the J Alleghanies. Wi'hin that period—within the lile im , I might say, of some of my hearers—our people, increasing to many millions, have filled toe. east ern valley oflhe Mississippi; adventurously as cended the Missouri to its bead springs; and are already engaged in establishing the bless ings of self government in valleys, of which the rivers flow to the Pacific, k The world beholds the neaMBUl triumphs ol the industry of our emigraullwSro us belongs the duty of protecting them aqßlately where ver they may be upon ours dlr The jurisdic tion of our laws, and the benefits of our repub lican institutions, should be extended over tnein in ttie distant regions which they have selected lor their homes. The increasing facilities of intercourse will easily bring the States, ol which the formation of that part of our territory cannot be long delayed, within the sphere of our federative Union. In the mean time, every obligation imposed by treaty or conventional stipulations should be sacredly respected. In the management of our foreign relations, it will be my aim to observe a careful respect for the lights ot other nations, while our own will be the subject of constant watchfulness. Equal and exact justice should characterize all our intercourse with foreign countries. All al liances having a tendency to jeopard the wel fare and honor of our country, or sacrifice any one of the national interests, will be studiously avoided; and yet no opportunity will be lost to cultivate a favorable understanding with fo reign governments, by which our navigation and commerce may be extended, and the ainpfo products ol our fertile soil, as well aside ma nuiacture ol our skilful artisans, find a ready market and remunerating prices io foreign countries. In taking “ care that the laws be faithfully execute i,” a strict performance of duty will be exacted from all public officers. From those officers, especially, who are charged with the collection and di-borsement of the public reve nue, will prompt and rigid accountability be required. Any culpable failure or delay on 'heir panto account tor the moneys intrusted to them, at the times and in the manner required by law, will, in every instance, terminate tbe official connection of such defaulting officer with the government. Although, in our country, the chief magis (rate must almost of necessity be chosen by a party, and stand pledged to its principles and measures, yet in his official action, he should not be the President of a part otiiy, but of ihe whole people of the United States. While he executes the laos with an impartial hand, shrinks from no proper responsibility, and faith fully carries out in the executive department of the government the principles and policy of those who have chosen him, he should not be unmindful that our fellow-citizens who have diff-red witn him in opinion are entitled to the full and free exercise of their opinions and judgments, and that the rights ot all are entitled to respect and regard. Confl iently reiving upon the aid and assist ance ofthe co ordinate departments of the go vernment in conducting our public affairs. I enter upon the discharge ol the high duties which have been assigned me by the people, again humbly supplica ing trial Divine Being who has watched over and protected our beloved country from its infancy to the present hour, to continue His gracious benedictions upon us, that we may continue to be a prosperous and happy people. Texas Cotton.—Weomilled to mention yes terday, says the Mobile Advertisei of the 4ih inst., that a consignment of 460 bales of cotton was received here on Sunday last, by the barque Wm. Ivy, from Matagorda, Texas. It is an occurrence that has not taken place before, we believe, for many years—if we mistake not, nev er since the time of the steamer Newcastle’s running between this and the ports of Texas, which was in 1839. VOL.IX.-X). 11. longhessio .al Pain Lehi g». Correspondence of the Ballimutg Amorunn. VV ASHisar.es. .vlaici. 3. SENA I'E The Senate were i alivd to • ■- ... 10o’clock, and the first important tiuaii.e-- was a >.,i>iiou made by Mr. Alien, ..I Un. -, midit u, tiw Ui-- gon Bill Irom the House ..| Ue t ire-,ei<.imivvs. Mr. Allen backed hi- moi ion by one of iii» fla ming speeches, de laringina lie Executive ad recommended, that the People oesireu, inat me ■ louse bad passed the bill, and that it ougb', regardless of consequences, at once to became a law. Mr. Evans said that a’l the important bills were pending in the Senaie, an.l lie was asio msbeG that the Senator train Ohio shoull press such a bill at the pre-ent inoiiienL Mr. Crittenden commented with powerful sarcasm and effect upon trie speech and motion oi the Senator from Ohio. Ii seemed io him u».. ~ , be a desire to make a display ol nis uiat >ry and •rt Mr. Allen made some reply, and the motion Q was lunher discussed by dr. iVoodbury, and fl Huntington, ot Conn., and then tbe moti >n to W act upon tbe bill was rejected by a vote ol 23 to Mr Evans reported Irom the Committee on Conleieuce.lhe Civil and Diplomatic Bill,with a recommendation upon the disagreeing ameud menis that the senaie recede from some and in sist upon others Ttie R-por. was explained and then agreed to withou. a division. Mr. Ev ms called up ine Indian Bill, which had been under discussion Iroiu 10io 12o’clock on Saturday night. The discussion then was in reference to the Choctaw Contracts made by the War D-part merit. A longdisvussion arose between Messrs. Evans, Huntington and Jarnegin upon the one side, and Buchanan, Crittenden and Walker upon the other. , The character of tbe Secretary ol War was involved In these discussions for making con tracts in violation of law. He was detended by Mr. Buchanan and Mr Walser, though it was obvious that the lawhad been violated in making the contracts. The amendment was now re jected—2o to 21—and alter some other amend ments had been agreed to the bill was read a third time and passed lor the House ot Repre sentatives. Mr. Walker introduced a resolution, which was read twice, authorizing the Hun. iVillie P. Mangum, President ot the Senate, to receive Tie same pay as the Vice-President of the Uni red States while auing as President ot the Senale. The resolution was subsequently passed. Mr, Berrien made a report from the Commit tee on the Judiciary upon ttie subject of Natu ralization Laws which embodies tne recent in vestigations. The motion to print was opposed by Messrs. Dickinson and Sevier, and advo cated by Messrs. Berrien and Archer, the last of whom moved to print 5,000 extra copies. Mr. Woodbury moved to lay the motion to print upon the table. Mr. Barrow expressed his astonishment at this motion. He had himself introduced the resolution upon which the report was founded, and he wished now to see who it was who was in favor ot concealing the frauds committed up on the ballot-box. The motion to lay upon the table was sus tained by all of tbe iocjfoco Senators, and lost by a vole ol 23 io 22. The printing ot the regu lar and extra copies was ihen ordered by a vote ol 24 to 22 The Senate then took > recess until 5 P. M. HOUSE. Tbe Rules of the House were suspended to receive reports from the Standing Committees of the House. Mr. Kennedy reported a Bill from the Senate amending the act fixing the value ol certain lo reign moneys. The Bill was passed .iiid mere ly establishes the value ot the Austrian florin al 48 cents. iijjii Mr. Mi Kay reported rom the Committee on Couiereut e and a-Ketl a cuueunenefc in the re- 13 port submiited, me Huw ; '.vi.re great hosiilny among some >1 the more uhra yf members against concurrence, particidaily aal«B there was an appr ip-imi moi S3B Im'jia- fl| ving Pennsylvania Avenue So ue ol uiV membei' did not like that there should not be a full mission io China, but Mr. Cushing having said thai a resi dent was Better, the majoriiy were satisfied. There were others who did not like ihe a piu priatiou of $275,000 for ihe payment of he Mexican indemnity, but as mere is a proviso that our Government shall riot pnv to the claim anis unless the Government ot Mexico paid to the Agents, objections were removed, and die Repoit was concurred in by a large vote. A resolution was then adopted io suspend one of the Joint Rules which toroids rbe Bids of the House being presented io Hie President of the United States for his signature upon Hie last day of the session. The resolution was agreed to, 121 to 47. The Chickasaw Bill was now returned to the House Irom me Senate, anil Hie moil m res-ed to reconsider. Mr. Cave Johnson fought Ihe battle tor reconsid ration, and M Sunn rers re plud The Previous Qustiun aas moved, and the yeasand n lysCalled upon Hie passa>4 Hie Bill. There was a secund and ihe d.l was rejectee) Mi. K uuedy ol Ml, inuved to suspend lire Rules tn order io go u to C ■mniiuee upon lire Foitifii ation Bill _ Ihe morion wna voted down, and a J ini Re solutu 1 wa* ir.tr 'dticed and at mu epa .»id, de declaring ihai nytning in me act reducing the rates ol Po“nge should (all i e ..rt in opera tion before the I>i <d July nexi Mr. Kennedy renewed ins nioti n t.. go into Committee of ine Whole, which w.s lost, nd the bal inceof the session until th. recess wa( occupied in ihe coiisideiation of a Resolu tion introduced hy Mr. C. Johnson of Tenn., instructing the 8 -crelary ol War to examine into the accounts ol Limt M'L nig Un, who is charged with extravagance ol expenditure in connection with the Florida war. Postscript—By the Magnetic Telegraph. SENATE. 6 o’clock, P. M The Senate have passe a bill allowing a drawback on goods exporte in their original packages fro i the U. States to Sama Fe, Chihuahua, and the British pro vinces The Navy Appiopriaiion Bill was next taken up, amt tha amen Imerris oflhe House were act ed upon. The Bill was then di-p sed 01, and Ihe disagreeing amendment discussed. A mo tion to amend and incorporating ihe claim of Fulton was lost. HOUSE. The House adopted a Resolution instructing the Secretary of ihe Navy to inquire into the exlent anti character ot the expenditures of Lieut. McLaughlin in the Fiori la war. The House then took up the hill to establish the Smithsonian bequest. Without action iron -t, it was laid aside and two bills were ac ed opim in Coinm liee, establishing Court-in the new States ot Florida and iowa. The bills were re ported to the House amt passed. A bill for Hie distribution of decisions in the Supreme Court was then I.i 4 aside to he re ported to tbe House, and a<. ended so as to print 20,000 extra copies ofthe Franklin J.-uinal tor the use oi mechanics. The House next proceeded io the considera tion ot a bill authorising the tran- ortmlon .4 he United Slates mail to foreign gove nn.ems by contract to be made with li.e Posirnaater Ge neral An amendment >as moved and carried for the establishment of a line between tnruoti the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Washington, March 4. The length of the Inaugural Message us the President, precludes ou- giving the cl< si g scenes of the late Congress They are not how ever, of great importance, and we then fore make a synopsis. The two Housrs adjourned after tnid' ighton 'he night of the 3rd Inat. lanvinn much unfinish ed business, and after having trausa t. d more business in the House than h id b- eii done in tha last month. Ths Senate acted upon all 'he ti Is if the House, but the latter failed the compliment. The P. st Ofli a bill 811 received the igratura of the PreeLeirt and become a law, which takrs effect on the Ib’ July next. The Harbo-Bill is said to h.ve failed for tie want of Mr Tyler’s slyuature. The appropria s>n bills were p asse '• The new 'enaV Co v. ned n ihr 1 hins:., and the new Bcnators took the oa h of slice There wi.-a liupe concourse wit *- a the inauguration. Wa'H.nlton Ma c 5,51' ■' SENA I E The Senate met this n. > n ' ' 1 ' and was called to i.i.ier to GEUi LL >. Dx*L LAS, Vice-President ol ihe Uniieil bi;, s, .nd President of the Benaie. I rei' was a lull naic with Hie exception ol Mr. Bales, ot M; s . who continues quite unwell, ano win. l.t.s L., n dangerously ill since Saturday last. Mr. Woodbury offered a Resolution that a Committee ot two persons be appointed to wait upon Ihe President ol the United Scales and in ’ rm him ths* the Sen-oe -u ■■ .» e. < . ... any communnicalion De migut wisti to tuwKe.
