Georgia Historic Newspapers

    uccklr Chronicle & Sentinel
OLD SERIES, VOL. LIX.
THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
IS FOBLISUED DAILY, THI-WCSKLV, AND OTSKLI
BY J. W. & W. S. JONES.
The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel
IS PUBLISHED AT
Three Dollars per annum —or one subscriber two
years, or two subscribers one year for $5.
Ten subscribers, one year, fors2o.oo
7>t- Weekly paper , at Five Dollars per annum.
Daily paper, at Ten Dollars per annum.
Cash System.—ln no case will an order for the
paper be attended to, unless accompanied with
the money; and in every instance when the time
for which any subscription may be paid, expires
before the receipt of funds to renew the subscrip
tion, the paper will be discontinued. Depreciated
money received at its value in this city.
FRIDAY MORNING, MARCH 7.
~.. Reward or Industry. The Eufaula ( Ala-
bama) !’Shield,” of the Ist instant, says:—We
were shown on Saturday last, a beautiful set of
i s Sf u 3t 'C Xi 1 a X
bales, sold. in that city during- : lie last
seastin. The castors are plain an 1 neat, costing
8101 in the city of New-York. Thus Ins the
worthy Colonel been rewarded for his industry
! ' and skill—and, as an inducement to others to
direct their attention more to the quality than the
quantity of their cotton, we will state that Col.
McDonald's premium catton commanded, when
said, 8t least two cents more than the highest
market price for good cotton. For his present
crop nine cents have been offered in the city of
New York and refused Had every planter in
the cotton-growing region, pursued Col. McDo
nald’s plan of raising cotton, no one can begin
to estimate the advantages the country would
now be reaping. When will the people learn
wisdom!
N. O. Express.—The Mobile “ Advertiser'
of the 28th ult. has the following notice of the
Crescent City Express, which is still in opera
tion betwen Lexington and Mobile.
“ 7'ir Crescent City" newspaper, in New
Orleans, has its private express so far improved
by connection of routes, and other means, that
advices from all points eastward ot Covington,
Ga., are received there 48 hours in advance of
the “regular” mail, and 24 hour, in advance of
the government express. Os course, the foreign
news we received here yesterday by the U. S.
express, our neighbors of the “ Crescent” were
in possession of on the morning of the same
day.
The Sabine Affair.—The Picayune of the
27th ult says:—We were yesterday politely per
mitted to examine the correspondence ot Capt-
Foster, of the cutler Woodbury, transmitting to
the Collector of this Port the particulars of the
difficulty existing between the Texan and United
Stales authorities at Salem river. From what
we can judge oflhe affair, we think that it is
not calculated to give rise to any great uneasi
ness, or lead to any serious difficulties.
It appears that the person filling the office ot
Collector at the Sabine river, on the Texas
side, has taken it upon himself to interfere with
zg’, the trade pt American vessels—requiring ton-
nage duties on them—while those vessels claim
to have, as they actually have, a right to navi
gate the waters ot the Sabine river and lake,
as waters common to both Governments.
Capt. Foster's last communication was dated
on the 18th inst. He was then looking to the
movements of the Texan officers, with whom
he had had an inverview, and seemed firm in
U, his determination to resist any interference with
gHgpA,* J the commerce of American vessels—deprecating
.anx_e»*im uhich might render it necessaryto
■SjKtexT- ■ resort to violent tie was in constiTra-
glwr' ' lion, also, with Mr. Newell, our Consul at the
Sabine, who had i tm esied agaiast the cooduci
H " rGW-r ftSB .•'t<n L T’efS’*d’i<!' on- ..f hi-
■' • officers to G ilveston, instincting him io report
■ IBr Efmself to the American <'onsul there, and to
K assure the American vessels in that port ofaui-
■ P’ e protection, &c.
■ p- The corres-mndenceol Capt. F , together with
HR?"' the protest of Mr. Newell, have been lorwaideti
■ to Washington by the Collector ofottr Port.
£ Medical College of Georgia.
I Correction.—ln the list of graduates of the
| Medical College ot Georgia, published by us
a day or two since, owing to an omission in the
manuscript, the resiliences were erroneously’
given, and we therefore republish with the ccr
: . rections.
Milton Antony, of Ga.
A. T. Anderson, S. C
A. R. Bixley, Ga.
J. M. Bowers, “
S. R. Caver, Ala.
G. M. Crd”, Ga.
W. L. Cochran, S. C.
W. E. M. Cousins, Kia.
W.H. Davis, G.i.
W. H. Elangton. Ala.
T. B. Gordon, Ga.
J. M. Galphin, S. C.
Thomas Graves, “
yi. S. Holliday, Ga.
J. A. Harlow, “
A. L. Hammond, “
James Hill, Ga.
VicKMtmn.—The populntion of Vicksburg, as
ascertained by a recent census, is:
White males, 1,803
“ females 1,014
Slaves 1,037
Free blacks 22
Total 3,969
Tub Largest yet this Season.—The Mo
bile “Advertiser” ot the 28th ult. says:—The
steamboat Red River, Capt. Burrill, arrived
yesterday at our wharves with a cargo of 2055
( bales of cotton. She was from Wetumpka.
We may add, too, as worthy ot note, that the
receipts ol cotton by the river yesterday, were
larger, we believe, than they ever were before
in this po't in one day, amounting to 15,166
bales.
Cotton in California.—Tte Oregon—Set?"
tiers.— The Picayune says :—We have been
informed by a gentleman, who left the Pacific
coast in December last, that two or three Ameri
cans arc about to engage in the culture ct cot
ton in the lower part ot Upper California, and
that they feel confident ol raising a superior
article and in great abundance. Their rancho
or plantation is not far from San Diego, in lat.
33° N , the climate being warm and delightfully
te- fine-
. The same gentleman fntbims us that many
ot the Oregon settlers have arrived in tiie neigh
borhood oi the Bay of San Francisco, in the
Upper California, and taken un their abode
there. They report Oregon as a poor country
—nothing like the one it was represented to
them to be—and appear thankful that the op
portunity has been afforded them ot leaving it
and reaching a more fruitful and genial elime.
So productive is the land in the neighborhood
of San Francisco, that one bushel of wheat
sown frequently yields a crop of seventy-five
bushels, and this with very little trouble, while
the climate is so dry and pure that sickness is
almost unknown. To illustrate the remarka
ble dryness ol the climate, it is but necessary
to state that wheel vehicles, furniture, &c., man
ufactured in New England of the best season
ed timber, shrink up shortly after reaching this
section of California and tall to pieces unless
every precaution is taken. American emi
grants are constantly arriving and settling at
the Sacramento and other streams emptying
into the Bay ol San Francisco. At the Yerba
Buena the English is the principal language
spoken, the Alcalde being an American, and
is not far distant when this part ol
CaTifoima will teem with Anglo-Saxon civiliza
tion and the thrifty products of Anglo-Saxon
hands. — Picamine.
o-w e notice the death at Goshen, on the 23d
ultimo, of Gen. James W. Wilkins, in the 83.1
year of his age. He «as a soldier of the revo
lution, a classmate qt De Witt Clinton, and
often a member of 'he Legislature and of Con
gress.
Tyler has signed the Texas, and
Florida and low a Bills, so that the bills making
them States are now laws ofthe land.
y~*r The amount ot Treasury Notes out
standing on the Ist instant, was, it is officially
stated, 81,214,779 22.
First Sugar Cane in Louisiana.— According
to the N. O' Protestant, the first sugar cane was
brought to Louisiana in 1751. It was plar.t
xd on the Jesuits'estate, now Second Munici
aluy.
From the Picayune of the 21lh ult.
Late from Texas.
By the arrival last evening of the steamship
New-York, Capt. Wright, we have Galveston
dates to the 24th inst. Among the passengers
was Gen. Duff Green.
The New-York bionght over no less than 225
bales of cotton from Galveston. She made
her last trip over in 35 hours and came back
in 32.
Major Hays is now busily engaged in organ
izing his spies at San Antonio, Congress having
made appropriations to keep a force in active
service on the Western Irontier.
The Galveston News says that the prospects
are said to be highly favorable for the crops on
the Colorado, and the farmers are forward in
their agricultural operations.
According to the Civilian, President Jones
has issued a proclamation revoking all letters
of marque and reprisal, issued by the Govern
ment of Texas, to authorize individuals to fit
out and arm vessels of war or privateers, for
the purpose of waging hostilities against Mexi
co.
Perhaps the following, which we copy from
the Houston Telegraph, may be df interest to
some of our readers-
Minis have been edMTOHaxes at any lime pre
vious to the Ist ot June, 1845, and struck onto
the Republic, to redeem the same by paying all
taxes due on the lands, and the costs and charges
ot the sheriffs, &c. The sheriffs in each ot the
counties are authorized to release the lands to
the owners whenever the taxes and costs are
paid.”
The Texas National Register publishes the
following extract of a “ letter Irom a gentleman
of high standing in Europe.” which, it says,
“ may be regarded as official.” The closing re
mark may serve to soothe the nerves of such
persons in the United States as believe that any
offence from onr government to Mexico would
_be resented by Great Britain :
“Lord Aberdeen, although he will do nothing
that can justly give offence to the United States,
is still decide!! to take such measures as will
bring aboulpeace between Texas and Mexico,
provided the former will give satisfactory as
surances other determination to REMAIN INDE
PENDENT.
“ The British Government has enjoined on
Mexico, in the most earnest and explicit terms,
to abstain from any attempt to invade Texas,
and they have assured that country that they
would afford it no aid or countenance at all, in
case of such attempted invasion, whatever migh’
be its result or consequences.”
Among the acts passed, at the last session of
th J Texan Congress is one for the establishment
o! a light house at Galveston, for the support of
which a tax-ofthree cents per ton upon vessels
arriving at that port from a foreign country is
to be levied. Also a bill for the establishment
of a hospital al Galveston, towards which the
commander ofevery vessel arriving at that port
is required to pay at the Custom Houseso cents
for every foreign while male cabin passenger
over sixteen years of age, and 26 cents forevery
foreign male steerage passenger over sixteen
years ol age. Another act has been passed es
tablishing a Chamber of Commerce at Galves
ton. z
The News of the 11th has the following para
graph :
The Texan revenue cutler Alert, Capt Simp
lon, arrivedon the 12th inst. Irom Matagorda,
and left this morning for the Sabine, for the pur
pose ol enforcing the revenue law of Texas.—
Uncle Sam had better look out or “Young
Sam” will be down upon him, sure.
From the Commercial Advertiser —Extra.
Loss of the Steamer Siren.
Apalachicola, Friday, Feb. 27.
The U. S. Mail Steamer Siren, Capt. Sharp
less, left Chattahoochee about 4 o’clock, on
Monday evening, and rpn down to Maj. Coe’s
landing, where she stopped to take on cotton.
Between 11 and 12 o'clock, just as she hadfair
)y rounded out, and had made one or two revolu
tions, the boilers exploded, tearing the whole
forward part of the cabin, boiler deck and tore
castle entirely away, parting the wheel-houses
.fcom-ihn boat, wmll hrailiig Tjutfririg* tTQi a part I
of the hull and about half of the hurricane
deck.
arrait ve with the loss ofthe boat alone, I
our pen would be comparatively light, and the
task an easy one ; but the loss ot human life oc
casioned by this sad catastrophe, sickens the
heart as we trace the scene of death and suffer
ing. Ten ol the crew of this ill-fated steamer
were ushered suddenly into eternity, while ill the
midst of life, and health, and supposed security.
Fortunately—the hour being late—all the pas
sengers had retired to their berths for the night.
But for this circumstance, the probability is that
but few would have survived.
The list oflhe killed and wounded, as fur
nished ns by Capt. Sharpless, is as follows:
Killed— Quibus, pilot, black boy; Charles
Bordenrider, bar-keeper, and his son, a cabin
boy; George Tilly, cabin boy; Wash. ivic-
Gougan, deck hand, was blown overboard, and
was picked up by the mate on a cotton bale,
but died before he reached the shore; Thomas
WhiL White, deck hand ; an Irishman, deck
hand, name n t known, Green, black boy.
deckhand; Wilkins, black boy, deck band;
George, black boy, passenger, belonging to Dr.
Harrison—lo.
Wounded— Jack McGougan, very severely,
but it is supposed he will recover.
Cr w saved —Capt.Sharpless; Georg;Dingle
and Wm. McFaden, Engineers; Stephen Mor
ton, Mate; Mike, an Irishman, deck hand;
Henry Kerr, black boy, Pilot; black boy belong
ing to John Campbell, Cook; Jane Wilson,
black girl, chamber-maid.
Passengers onboard, all saved—Mrs. Pikej
of Georgia; R. L. Edmonds, and servant boy,
Quincy, Fa. ; Thomas H. Austin, Apala
chicola; A. W. Cunningham, Bainbridge,Ga.;
J. B. Ranson, Ga. ; R. J. Beckwith, Ga.; Dr.
Harrison, Gadsden county, Florida ; Mr. El
liott, Jackson, Fa.; B. G. bidden, Apalachi
cola. ,
A. H. Jackson, of Ga
Taliaferro Jones, “
J. H. Jennings, S.C.
W. W. Leake, Ga.
J. T. Lamar, “
Jesse Lowe, “
I. M. Moragne, S. C.
R. M. Parks, Ga.
H.W.Rutherford.S.C.
J. P. Rails, Ga.
R. M Stell,
B R. Strong, Tenn.
E. A. Stribling, Ga.
J. W. Todd, “
T. A. Wakefield, S. C.
F. B. Wakefield, Ga.
The U. S. tMail was saved, and brought tothis
place by the steamer Notion, Capt. Wheaton,
who came to the assistance of the survivors
shorly alter the explosion.
The Siren was a pci feet wreck, and went to
tiie bottom almost immediately. The cargo ol
Cotton, about two hundred bales, was all on
deck and wilt be saved in a damaged state. It is
thought that no blame can reasonably attach to
Capt. Sharpless, or tn any of the officers, but
the casualty must be set down as one of those
accidents which no human skill could foresee
or prevent. The boat had been listed, to pre
vent her grounding, while the cotton was being
taken on, a’nd Capt. S. heard the Engineer try
his guage cocks, us usual, and there appeared to
be a sufficiency of water in the boilers. The
eyane nfGapt. S., is considered miraculous, as
heWs-standing, at the lime ot the explosion, by
the cargo" trlleel, immediately in front ot the
boilers, on the boiler deck, and was blown up
in the air, tell into the river, and swam cut en
tirely uninjured.
The scene that explosion is said,
by those who luive been heart
rending. The confusion among
the survivors, who were snddelHy awakened
from slumber by the asloqndingcrash, mingled
with the groans and exclamations ot the dying,
presented a spectacle of distress that -would
have to be witnessed to be realised. Some ot
the passengers, thinking that should the boat go
down drowning would be inevitable, jmrfped
overboardin order to save themselves; wftjle
others, more selt-possessed, remained on board
as long as they could with safety, rendering
sistance to each other in saving baggage, &c.
The Money Article in ths N. Y. Commercial
of Saturday atternoon says—
The railroads throughout New England are
of advantage not merely to the community rt
large in expanding the avenues of trade, but are
generally sources of profit to the stockholder.
The s .me article says—
The aspect of the money market Is more
favorable, and although the rate of interest can
hardly be quoted under 6 percent, theind'eations
are In favor of a reduction rather than an advance
from this figure The decline in sterling bills,
now satisfactorily established, is calculated to
remove any apprehensions which may yet re
main as to farther exports of specie, and may
therefore enable ns to determine with greater a<<»
curacy the prospects of the money market for the
coming season. Unless our imports should ma
terially exceed the general expectation, it seems
probable that the supply of mtmey will continue
adequate for all the ordinaryptri poses of business.
Northern and Southern Directory
The public aie respectfully informed tha.t Bron
son’s Travellers' Directory is now in press,
and will be bound and ready for delivery by the
first of March..
This work embraces all the Routes from
New York to New Orleans, and the cross lines,
together with a description of portions of the
country. The distance from each point, the
price of fare, and the time occupied over each
route.
The Directory will be sold at the following
retail prices:
Plain binding, neat, per copy 15 cents.
Do. do. with memorandum at
tached 30
Extra fine binding, gilt, with extra large
memorandum attached 50
No agencies will be made, except with such
persons as reside on the regular travelling route.
Booksellers and "eountry merchants can be sup
plied at wholesale prices—which will afford
from 20 to 50 per cent profit. Address (post
paid) F. S. BRONSON, LaGrange, Ga.
Fire in Charleston.
The •• Courier,” ot yes.erdav, furnishes the
following particulars of the last fire in that city:
“ We are called on to record another fire, and
further destruction of cotton on one of the
wharves ot our city. About 4 o’clock yester
day morning flames were seen issuing Irom a
quantity of cotton, piled up on Central wbart;
and so rapid was it in its progress, in conse
quence ot a strong wind which was blowing at
the time, that it soon communicated to the brick
building in the immediate vicinity, in which
were the counting rooms of Messrs. John Fra
ser & Co., Mr. Chs. Atkinson, Mr. Wm. Ad
ams, and R. &J. Caldwell; the other rooms be
ing used as a sampling room, and lor tilE'sto
rage of various kinds of goods. The cotton in
which the fire originated, a d which is all de
stroyed, comprises between 7and 800 bales, and
was consigned to the Messrs. Caldwell. The
interior ol the building is very much injured.
There were stored therein some 60 dozen bot
lies of wine, upwards ol 60 bhtls. New Orleans
molasses, and a quantity of ale and purer,
about 8 bales Sea Island eotton, and a lew baies
plains and blankets, which have also boen de
stroyed. We.a re jmyy 'ff-.t IgM *W. la.
enough to save their books and papers. There
was a large wboden shed to the north, on Fitz
simons’ wharf, which at the time was on fire,
but by the timely exertions of several persons
on the spot, the flames were arrested ; fire was
also communicated to the cotton on this wharf,
about 150 bag' of which, belonging to several
individuals, and covered by insurance, were
thrown ovesboard. We learn that ttie building
was insured in the Charleston Insurance and
Trust Company 01 this city; and that on the
cotton on Central wharf there were SIOOO insu
rance in the agency ol the Augusta Insurance
and Banking Company, S4OOO in the N. Y.
Croton Mutual Insurance Company, and S6OOO
in the agency of the Howard Insurance Com
pany ol New York.
About 5 o’clock A. M. while the flames were
raging, and flakes of burning cotton were flying
in every direction, a shower came on which
damped the cotton on the adjoining wharves,
and prevented them Irom igniting.
The firemen, in every department, performed
their duty with a zeal, energy and learlessness
that commanded the admiration of every one,
and had they been less efficient, or less deter
mint d, there can be little doubt that the fire
would have been far more destructive. We are
pleased to learn, also, that Capt. Coste, of the
Revenue Cutter Van Buren, was on the spot,
with a portion of his crew, as has been the case
on previous occasions, and gave good aid in a—
sisting to extinguish the flames.
The City Council held a special meeting yes
terday, w ith the view of adopting some preven
tive measures as to the firing of cotton on the
wharves, and we give the following transcript ot
their proceedings:
Resolved, That the Mayor be requested to
increase the detail ol the City Guard for wharl
duty, and that he make the necessary arrange
ments to accomplish this end—that he also con
fer with the wharl holders and procure their co
operation with the city police.
Resolved, That the Mayor be authorized to
offer a reward ol SSOO, to be paid to any person
who may give such information as may lead to
the conviction ot the incendiaries engaged in
firing the Cotton on Frazer & Co’s, wharf, on the
morning ofthe sth inst.
Resolved, That the Mayor apply to the Col
lector for the services of the Cutter, to prevent
unauthorised persons from picking up the Cot
ton thrown into the harbor ol Charleston —and
that the Mayor order all persons who have
picked up such Cotton to report to him forth
with. Extract from the minutes.
J. R. ROGERS, Clerk.
PROCLAMATION.
Mayor's Office, March 5, 1845.
Pursuant to resolution of the City Council, I
do hereby offer a reward of SSOO, to be paid to
any person who will give such information as
will lead to the conviction ol the Incendiaries
engaged in firing the Cotton on Fraser & Co’s,
wharf, on the morningot the sth instant.
Given under my hand andtheseal ofthe Corpo
ration, the day and year as here written.
[L. S.j J. SCHNIERLE, Mayor.
■" 1 /"'""TI j ■ ~ ~ ~~ z t- »*I ~ '
ling, are hereby forbid to pick up or iutredace
into the city of Charleston, any ol the cotton
thrown into the narbor by order of the Fire De
partment on the morning ol the sth inst. And
all persons who have picked up such cotton,
will report the quantity to the Mayor forthwith.
The wharf holders are requested to assemble
this afternoon, at 5 o’clock, P. M., at the Read
ing Room, lor the purpose ot making arrange
ments to organize an efficient wharf watch.
J. SCHNIERLE, Mayor.
■* The wharf owners met yesterday afternoon,
at the Exchange Reading Room, agreeably to
the request of the Mayor, and made arrange
ments to guard against these repeated incendia
ry attempts. There are strong hopes that the
criminals may yet be detected, and it so, it is to
be sincerely desired that such punishment may
be inflicted as will deter others from commit
tinga similar act.
The Ballroom and Home.—-A ball room!
what a scene ol common-place 1 how hackneyed
in hovels, how trifling in ordinary life; and yet
ball rooms have a character and a sentiment of
their own for all tempersand ages. Something
in the lights, the crowd, the music, conduces to
stir up many ofthe thoughts that belong to fancy
and romance. It is a melancholy scene to men
after a certain age. It revives many ot those
lighter and mors graceful images connected
with the wandering desires of youth, shadows
that crossed us, and seemed love, but were not;
feaving much of the grace and charm, but none
of the passion and tragedy of love. So many of
our earliest and gentlest recollections ate con
nected with those chalked floors, and that music
painfully gay, and those quiet nooksand corners,
where the talk that hovers about the heart and
doesnot touch it has been held. Apart and un
sympathizing in that auserer wisdom which
comes to us after deep passions have been ex
cited, we see fortfi after form, chasing the but
terflies that dazzle us no longer, among the
flowers that have evermore lost their fragrance.
Some how or other, it is one of the scenes that
remind us more forcibly of the loss oi youth I
We are brought so closely in contact with the
young and with the short-lived pleasures that
once pleased us, and are forfeited all bloom.—
Happy the man who turns from “the tinkling
cymbal” and “the gallery of pictures.” and can
think ot some watchful eye and some kind heart
nt home. Butthose who have no home—and
they are a numerous tribe—never le 1 lonelier
hermits or sadder moralists than in such a crowd.
Bulveer.
The Missouri Iron Mountain.—The St.
Louis Republican of Wednesday says:
We understand that the company who now
own this immense mass of iron ore, have com
menced operations in the erection ol furnaces,
and will, in the course ot the present year, be
fairly under way. They have abundant capi
tal for the erection of extensive works, and we
shall soon be made to feel the advantage ot
such establishments in our immediate neghbor
hood.
The following .on the subject of recently
discovered Lead Mines, is from the same pa
per :
Mammoth Lead! Still Another Cave.'! — Jas.
Hunt, formerly ot Trenton, N. J , has led the
--tFfi-pjjjJhe discovery of the succession ot caves
in this leM since the commencement. The last
account wt gave of him, about a month ago, he
had just ent&jfd Cave No. 4; he has now made
his way 60 No. 5, and masses ol Galena
are the to his further progress.
Before the were discovered, this
Colisi
u >w Hie the tui ':>', -
he
Tin’s It a. l -
east, Hom Hill—
b.irtiugh, the lor J'-lt-r- i
being about 55^^^^V ou( h ol St. Louis.
It is owned of individuals, t-e
--sides Mr. of whom reside in this
“ I'be Fishes.”—We give the
following from the leit-rofthe Wa-h
ington ot '.he N. 5. Courier &
Enquirer: “ other offices of less
dignity but m^^Bd' them oi greater profit, there
is a system going on here, among
members of^^H resent Congress, whom the
people have^^»‘ e!t ’d, that is perfectly disgrace
ful; a : rorn^^B instance ct which is Mr. Leo
nard. He to the Post Office ol your
citv, and to it, > s combining with Mr.
Stiles ol Ga. other rejected members, who
are seeking desires the Consulate
at Havana. mard is doing all that he
can to while Stiles is equally
urgent shall have the Post Office;
and the wishes off he people of yourcity and the
interest ot the mercantile community are thus
being made the s object of traffic between these
two honorables. ' Leonard may make a good
Post Master of yt urcity for aught 1 know; your
citizens will, how ever, make up their mind on
this subject for t lemselves; but 1 am certain
that neither Stile: ‘ nor any other lawyer from
the Cherokee dist iict of Georgia, can be quali
fied for thpt imp ortanl Consulate. As there is
a strong probability that there will be a change
in that office i'ilwould be well lor those inte
rested, in yourKity, to look to it that it is pro
perly tiled.” U
AUGUSTA, GA., THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 13, 1845.
SATURDAY MORNING, MARCH 8.
Manufactures.
The annexed editorial and communication,
which we find in the Columbus “Enquirer,” of
thesth inst., although designed more particular
ly for the meridian of Columbus, will apply
with equal force to this community, and we ask
for them an attentive perusal. Os Mr. Bridges
we knov; nothing, butjhe endorsement of him
by the editors of the “Enquirer” is such as to
give weight to his opinions and declarations,
and we trust they will not pass unheeded
by this community, at this very important
and interesting epoch in our history. What
Mr. Bridges says of Columbus is equally true
of Augusta, and no man familiar with the posi
tion of the two locations will deny that Au
gusta possesses superior advantages—for, with a
water power equal in every respect to phut oi
n.tssa
of the cities and the interiorof Georgia,
Alapama and Tennessee, afford facilitiestoAu
gnsta of which Columbus cannot now and nev
er can boast. Citizens ot Augusta, you are in
deed highly favored, and it behooves you to act
as becomes men of enterprise and industry,
evincing that (Spirit of philanthropy which,
while it enriches you, contemplates, and by a
proper direction of your energies and means
will secure, the amelioration of your species.
Let not therefore the present occasion stamp
you with supineness in a work of such magni
tude, but aet and act promptly.
COLUMBUS A MANUFACTURING CITY.
We call the especial attentiorfof our citizens
to the following communication from Mr.
Bridges, one ol the owners and superintendant
ofthe Colton Factory now in-pperation at this
place, and who is well known 'to many of our
citizens as a thorough practical man, well
versed in the whole routine of the business upon
which he treats. Mr. B has spent by lar the
greater portion of his lite in and about the ex
tensive manufacturing establishments of the
Northern States, and by his long experience in
the business, has become thoroughly acquainted
with every thing ap enaining thereto. His
viewsand opinions, therefore, are every way
entitled to serious consideration.
An idea has for a long time prevailed among
oilr people, “ that our domestic relations must
ever unfit the South for manufacturing enter
prises.” The light of experience, however,
has nearly done away with this phantom which
has done so much to palsy the arm ot industry,
and has shown beyond a doubt that so far, ass
the experiment has been tried, our institutions,
our character, our temperament, our popula
tion, our climate, soil and productions, pre all
adapted to manulacturing pursuits. It is per
fect nonsense for people to say that the Southern
people must be essentially and wholly an ag
ricultural people. It contradicts the very fitst
principles of sound philosophy and political
economy. Division of labor and variety of pur
suits, are distinguishing evidencesoftheadvance
of civilization keeping pace with society, and
marking its brightening course until it reaches
the highest state of refinement.
The attention of the Southern people has of
late been awakened to the importance of this
subject, and we think no person can read the
communication of Mr. Bridges, without be
coming fully convinced of the good effects which
will be certain to tesult from an investment in
manufacturing operations in this city. The
facilities for such business cannot be surpassed
in any section of country. We possess double
the water power of Lowell, Mass., and are
situated in the very heart ot a country affording
every facility both tor materials and labor. No
wonder practical men are astonished at the
supineness that has heretofore existed on this
subject.
The pecuniary benefits resulting from an in
vestment in manulacturing operations, are ecu-
call the atteU~'
'ion of our citizens tothe influence such enter
prise will have upon the destinies ot Columbus
Let us for a moment consider the history of
Lowell. Twenty years ago, or therebouts, she
was an obscure village, with scarce an advan
tage save her water power. Now, she has a
population ot about 28,000, and has employed
in manufacturing pursuits an aggregate capital
of $10,650,000. There are eleven principal
manufacturing corporations in the place, which
have in operation 201,076 spindles, and 6,191
looms These eleven corporations consume
annually.sß,2lo bales of cotton, manufacture
74,14L£».0 yards of cloth, employ about 9,000
hands, and have 33 large six and seven storied
mills, besides many other extensive buildings.
Let the reader think of these things. About
60,000 bales ot cotton consumed annually in the
city ot Lowell, a place that has not t>alf the
natural advantages ot Columbus I is it possi
ble to carry this cotton to the North, at an
average cost ot from 5 to 87 per bale, (at pre
sent prices neatly one hall its entire value,)
it into goods, and icturn it to us
in ColdWwUs, or to any other part ofthe South
ern country, cheaper than we can manufacture
it tor ourselves? No one will contend that this
can be done. All that is needed is a vigorous
effort, and instead ot'our being dependent upon
the North for our suuplies of cotton goods, they
would find it to their interest to purchase of us.
Should the advantages possessed by Columbus
alone, be embraced, it would do much towards
effeetingthis result. In ten years, she might be
what Lowell now is. Instead of 5,000, she
would number her 30 or 40,000 inhabitants,
supplying the entire South and West with her
manufactured goods. All are interested in the
result. -The planter will sell hiscotlon at high
er prices, and be enabled to procure his domestic
goods at cheaper rales—the capitalist will find
a permanent and profitable investment for his
capital, where but little risk will be run. The
merchant will be benefilted by the general pros
perity and increase ol a laboring population.—
And the industrious poor would have new
sources opened to th m tor obtaining not only
the necessaries of life, but even the means of
living in comparative affluence. Nature has
done much lor Columbus—let art and industry
perform but their parts, and ail will be will, ft,
is necessary that we should act, as well a' talk,
in this matter. Our community should move
with one heart and one hand towards the ac
complishment of this mighty undertaking.
We had intended simply to introduce the
communication ot Mr. Bridges to our readers,
but the importance of the subject has induced
us to dwell upon it somewhat at length. We
will close for the present by recommending the
follow ing sound arguments in favor of making
Columbus a manufacturing city, to the serious
reflection ol all classes of readers, but particu
larly those who have capital unemployed.
COTTON MANUFACTURING.
The manufac'tiring of cotton in the Southern
Stales is a subject that has attracted mj’ atten
tion ftr many years, whi e engaged in the cotton
manufacturing business in Massachusetts anfi
Rhode Island. But since living here, it Iv
produced a settled conviction in my mind that
manufacturing is a business whicb should en
gage the attention ol the capitalists ofthe South
ern Slates, but more particularly those of Co
Itimbtis. When considering the many advan
tages we possess o er the New-England Slates,
it is surprising to me that the business has not
been for years firmly established here. But
w ith this lamentable fact before us, must we sit
down and be forever tributary to the New-Eng
land States tor the aiticle of clothing, fabricated
from the very article raised here at every plan
tation, and which is transported to the North,
there manufactured into various kinds of cloths,
and then returned to us with the addition ot 4 or
500 per cent, on its original value? Isay that
these are facts which should excite the attention
ofevery business man in this drooping country,
for it is beyond doubt that planters must employ
p rt of their capital in some other business
than raising colt m—and there can be no invest
ment that would be ol such importance to the
community, as the manufacturing of this article
of their own production—because it would afford
business to the poorer class of people who are
now almost entirely idle, lor the want of some
suitable employment—and it would, also, en
hance the produce of the country. I will, there
fore, attempt to make some estimate of its im
portance.
We will suppose that we manufacture 50,000
bales (eachbale weighing4oopounds)ofcotton
yearly, into various kindso! goods. Every busi
ness man well knows that i' is then w orth, upon
an average, 25 cents per lb. Deduct ten per
cent, for waste which leaves 360 lbs. to each
bale, making eighteen million pounds of goods,
which at 25 cents per pound,amountstosl.soo,-
000. Deduct the present highest price of cotton
for the 50,000 bales, (S2O each,) it amounts to
$1,000,000— leaving 33,500,000 to pay the ex
penses of manufacturing, freight, commissions,
&c., the whole labor of which will not cost over
4 cents per pound—other expenses such as inte
rest on capital, insurance, oil, starch, &c.. will
not exceed in cost 2 cents per pound—so that we
may certainly be safe in estimating the profits at
14 cents per pound on the 18,000,000 of lbs.,
which will amount to 82,520,000—adding the
4 c nts paid lor labor, $720,000. and it amounts
to the large sum of $3,240,000 retained in the
community. The quantity of machinery to ma
nufacture the 50,000 baits will require 185,000
spindles, which, v”th all the other machinery
and buildings attached to it for making cloth,
will cosißls per spmdle—amounting t052,775,-
000. We will sup ose that this machinery is
built here in Col u tubus, which it certainly should
be, the amount of r.,oney sent Irom the commu
nity to purchase ire 1, steel, paints, &c., would
amount to $2 per spindle, or $370,000. We
will suppose the business is carried on lor ten
years, and the machinery will certainly last that
time—and we then find our earnings in thecom
munity will amount to the large sum of $32,-
030,000, after deducting the outlay for materi
als to build the machinery— to say nothing about
many other branches of industry which would
consequently spring up from ibis large business.
The w hole commur.ity would be moved with a
spirit ol enterprise to various kinds of pursuits.
Look at New-Engn id- There, you will see
the gn at effects, bail i:i morals and in wealth,
which the manufacturing business has pro
duced. As barren ,«ud rugged as she is, there
is scarcely a that has not some kind
of manufacturing .ferried on upon it, AH is
:.I,- nd
.ic river, seven mtlM
below Lowell, wlie e they will build another”
city of thirty or fbtry thousand inhabitants.
And now, capitalists of the South, will you
remain idle in this great and important busi
ness, and suffer the Northern States to reap the
harvest which should belong to you? I answer
no. The day is pastand gone when you thought
it best to have your cotton shipped to the North,
there manufactured, and then a large propor
tion of it returned to you in goods, with 4 or
500 per cent added to its original value. Such
things ought not to be, and they appear very
different from what they should, when we con
sider the many advantages we possess, enjuyed
by no other people in the United Stales—loca
ted, as we are, in a most fertile and healthy
country, and the best climate for manufacturing
in the world—with a water power sufficient to
manufacture 100,000 bales of cotton yearly—
and having the advantage of a good navigable
river for steamboats, to transport our goods to
all parts of the world. From my late experi
ence, I am thoroughly convinced that a suffi
cient number ot good rvhite operatives can be
procured from the country to operate fifty, or
even one hundred factories, at a rate even cheap
er than in the Northern States, for the reason
that they can live cheaper in consequence of the
mild climate, which does not require so much
clothing nor so expensive dwelling houses—and
it is an undoubted fact, that where people can
live the easiest, there they can live the cheap
est. Another great advantage is the location
being in the city of Columbus, where the manu
facturer can select his cotton inAhe great cotton
market, without loss of time 2-.A large capital
to lay in his supplies.
The great water power, with all the other fa
cilities for manulacturing purposes in ourmidst,
have been laying completely idle until recently,
when now the first Factory is being started, in
which I am engaged -and I feel proud to see
the commencement of what I am in hopes will
ultimately prove to be a great and prosperous
business—and that, instead of stopping with
five or six thousand inhabitants, our city will
continue to increase until it numbers seventy
five dr eighty thousand. It is the design of the
present Company to erect a machine shop for
building all kinds of machinery, which will be
furnished cheaper than it can be procured from
the Northern shops—so that the manufacturer
can commence with but little loss ot time. 1
would suggest the forming of Joint Stock Com
panies, which would give people of small means
an opportunity to engage in the business, the
same as the Companies are at Lowell, where
there is more than $500,000 worth ot the stock
owned by the operatives. Matterscan be so
systematically arranged, llat there could be no
possibility ofa failure. J. BRIDGES.
Hunt’s Merchant’s Magazine.—The March
number of this valuable werk has been received.
The following is the tabe of contents: The
Consular System ot the United States; The
Iron Trade; Resources of Pennsylvania ;
Wheaton’s Law of Nations; Reciprocity Trea
ties and Commercial Miercotirse with the
Rritfeh Colonie' ’ s-t-
-CTrrrvriTrxiTT- w Vom tn ercl a |
Department; MetcantiV Miscellanies; Com
mercial Relations; Ri 1 Road and S’cam
boat Statistics; Comt.je cial S-atistics; The
Book Trade.
Return or the Mexican Ministeb.—The N.
York “Herald” of Tuesd y 4th inst., says, the
Mexican Minister at Washington, Almonte, has
made all necessary arrangements for his return
to Mexico. He hastakei passage in the barque
“ Eugenia” now in this pirt, and has written to
the agents here desiring them to detain her until
the 15th, ns he is obliged io delay his departure
in consequence of the illnais of some member of
his family.
The New Senate.—A new Senate con
vened in Washington on the 4lh inst., to act on
the new President’s Cabinet and other nomina
tions. This Senate is composed as follows:
Whigs. Terms expire.
George Evans, Mainelß47
Wiliam Upham, Vt 1849
Samuel S. Phelps, dolßsl
Isaac C. Bates, Masslß47
Daniel Webster, dolßsl
James F. Simmons, R. 11847
Albert C. Greene, dolßsl
Jabez W. Huntington, Ctlßsl
Jacob W. Miller, N. J 1847
William L. Dayton, dolßsl
Thomas Clayton, De 11847
John .VI. Clayton, dolßsl
James A. Pearce, Md 1849
Revcrdy Johnson, dolßsl
William S. Archer, Va 1847
Willie P. Mangum, N. C 1847
John M. Berrien, Ga 1847
Alexander Barrow, La 1847
Henry Johnson, d 01849
Spencer Jarnagin, Tennlß47
James T. Morehead, Ky 1847
John J. Crittenden, d 01849
Thomas Cotwin, Ohiolßsl
Wm. Woodbridge, Michlß47
24 Whigs.
Locofocos. Terms expire.
John Fairfield, Mainelßsl
Levi Woodbury, N. F 11847
Chas. G. Atherton, dolßl9
John M. Niles, Ct 1849
John A. Dix, N. Y 1847
Daniel S. Dickinson, dolßsl
James Buchanan. Pa 1849
Daniel Sturgeon, dolßsl
Wm. H. Haywood, N. C 1849
Daniel E. Huger, S.CiB47
George McDuffie, dolßl9
Waller T. Colquitt, Ga 1849
Dixon H. Lewi', A1a1847
Arthur P. Bagby, d 01849
Robert J. Walker, Misslß47
Jesse Speight, dolßsl
William Allen, 0hi01849
E.lw. A. Hannegan, la.. 1849
James Semple, 1111847
Sidney Breese, d0.”.1849
David R. Atcheson, M 01849
Thomas FI. Benton, dolßsl
Chester Ashley, Arklß47
Ambrose H. Sevier, d 01849
Lewis Cass, Michiganlßsl
25 Locofocos.
There are three vacancies, caused by failures
to elect in Indiana and Virginia, and the cir
cumstance that the Legislature of Tennessee has
not met Ihe past year. Had elections been held
in these Slates, each would havZchosen a Whig
Senator, making 27 Wbigs to 25 Locos.
The Grave op Washington’b Mother. —A
correspondent of the New York Sun, writing
from Fredericksburg, Virginia, says—“ Il I did
not see Washington’s tomb, I have seen his
mother’s. She lived and died here in Fredericks
burg. The long white house in which she
lived remains, and is inhabited by others, while
a monument out in tire fields, half finished,
covers her remains, and is a sad picture of
something—completion and desolation. I' is
on the estate of Mr. Gordon, who has ostenta
tiously built a brick w all around some family
graves near by, as if their remembrance depen
ded upon being linked with her’s who has no
need of epitaph or “pointed stone.” The
monument was designed and so far finished, by
a New Yorker. He afterwards failed, having
expended about $15,000 on it, and the monu
mentstands unfinished!
The base is ten or twelve feet high, formed
ofseveral blocks ot marble, each lessening in
size and wrought in the Corinthian order; while
the obelisk which is to crown it, a huge block
of grey marble nearly fourteen feet in length,
lies nearby in the rough, well embedded in the
sandy soil. Some wretches have made one
side of the monument a shooting target, and
have despoiled it in many ways. If I ever tel*
sorrow and indignation, it was while looking
on a picture like this. The mother of Wash
ington! with an unfinished monument—for
shame, Virginia! Where is thy chivalry, thy
blush ? But why do I chide—they are most
to be pitied who can live and look on such a
desecration. This is one of the oldest towns in
Virginia, has a little commerce on the Pot'j.-.
mac, contains about 5000 inhabitants—
all, looks dilapidated and poor, HIW something
. once vigorous but now decayed.”
THE INAUGURAL .
This document, which has been looked for
with some degree of interest by all parties, we
give below. Its length, and the limited time
allowed us before going to press, prevent any
comm em upon its merits as a state paper, and
we submit it to the reader lor his own conclu
sions, with the single remark, that it will be
found general'y vague and somewhat indecisive,
dealing rather in generalities than otherwise. —
The policy, therefore, of the new incumbt nt
must be gleaned from his subsequent acts, rather
than from any positive affirmation of principles
in his Inaugural. In this, however, we are not
disappointed, for we are too familiar with the
character of such documents, to have expected
more from Mr. Polk, who could not be supposed
to be ignorant of his peculiar position, as the re-
Fellow-Citizens: Without solicitation on
mv part, I have been chosen by the free and vo
luntary suffrages ot n>y countrymen to the most
honorable and most responsible office on earth.
1 atn deeply impressed with gratitude for the
confidence reposed in me. Honored with this
distinguished consideration at an earlier period
of lite than any of my predecessors, I cannot
disguise the diffidence with which 1 am about
to enter on the discharge of my official duties.
if the more aged and experienced men who
have filled the office of President of the United
States, even in the infancy ofthe republic, dis
trusted their ability to discharge the duties of
that exalted station, what ought not to be the
apprehensions ot one so much younger and less
endowed, now that our domain extends from
ocean to ocean, that our people have so greatly
increased in numbers, and at a time when so
great diversity of opinion prevails in regard to
the principles and policy which should charac
terize the administration of our government ?
Well may the boldest fear, and the wisest trem
ble, when incurring responsibilities on which
may depend our country’s peace and prosperity,
and, in some degree, the hopes and happiness
of the whole human family.
In assuming responsibilities so vast, I fer
vently invoke the aid of that Almighty Ruler of
the universe, in whose hands are the destinies
of nations and of men, to guard this heaven-fa
vored land against the mischiefs which, without
His guidance, might arise from an unwise pub
lic policy. With a firm reliance upon the wis
dom ot Omnipotence to sustain and direct me
in the path of duty which I am appointed to
pursue, I stand in the presence of this assembled
multitude of my countrymen, to take upon my
self the solemn obligation, “to the best of my
ability, to preserve, protect, and defend the con
stitution ofthe United States.”
A concise enumeration of the principles
which will guide me in the adininistratire poli
cy of the government, is not only in accordance
with the examples set me by all my predeces
sors, but is eminently befitting the ocecgion.
The constitution itself, plainly written as it
is, the safeguard of our federative compact, the
offspring of concession and compromise, bind
ing together in the bonds ot peace and union
this great and increasing family of free and in
dependent Stales, will be the chart by which 1
shall be directed.
It will be my first care to administer the go
vernment in the true spirit of that instrument,
and to assume no powers not expressly granted
or clearly implied in its terms. The govern
ment of the United States is one of delegated
and limited powers; and it is by a strict adhe
rence to the clearly granted powers, and by ab
staining from the exercise ol doubtful or unau
thorized implied powers, that we have the only
sure guaranty against the recurrence ot those
unfortunate collisions between the Federal and
Slate authorities, wl ich have occasionally so
much disturbed the harmony of our system,and
even threatened the perpetuity of our glorious
Union.
“ To the States respectively, or to the people,"
have been reserved “the powers not delegated
to the United States by the constitution, nor
pit iiifaUgd by it to the Stfctcs.** Ifeid. S|»t.- ;« a
served powefs. Tfie’gbvernment of the Union,
acting within the sphere of its delegated author
ity, is also a complete sovereignty. While the
government should abstain from the exercise ot
authority not clearly delegated to it, the States
should be equally careful that, in the mainten
ance of their rights, they do not overstep the
limits of poweis reserved to them. One of the
most distinguished of my predecessors attached
deserved importanceL. the support of the Slate
govern uents in all their rights, as the most com
petent admin istrat ton for our domestic concerns,
and the surest bulwark against anti-republican
tendencies;” and to the “ preservation ot the ge
neral government in its whole constitutional
vigor, as the sheet-anchor of our peace at home,
and safety abroad.”
To the government of the United States has
been intrusted the exclusive management of our
foreign affairs. Beyond that, it wields a few ge
neral enumerated powers. It does not force re
form on the Slates. It leaves individuals, over
whom it casts its protecting influence, entirely
tree to improve theirown condition by the legiti
mate exercise of all their mental and physical
powei s. It is 8 common protector ol each and
all the States; ofevery man who lives upon out
soil, whether of native or t reign birth. >4 eve
ry religious sect, in their worship of the Almighty
according to the dictates of their own conscience;
of every shade ot opinion, and the most free in
qt iry; of every art, trade, and occupation, con
sistent with the laws ofthe Stales. And we re
joice in the general happiness, prosperity, and
advancement of our country, which have been
the offspring of freedom, and not of power.
This most admirable and wisestsystem ot well
regulated self-government among men, ever de
vised by human tn in ds, has been tested by its suc
cessful operation for more than half a century;
and, if preserved from the usurpations of the
federal go eminent on the one hand, and the
exercise by the States of powers not reserved to
them on the other, will, 1 fervently hope and be
lieve, endure for ages to come, and dispense the
blessings of civil and religious lib rty to dis
tant generations. To efleet objects so dear to
every patriot, I shall devote myself with anx
ious solicitude. ft will be my desire to guard
against that most fruitful source of danger to
the harmonious action ot our system, which
consists in substituting the mere discretion and
caprice of the executive, or of majorities in the
legislative department of the government, for
powers which have been withheld from the fede
ral government by the constitution. By the
theory of our government, majorities rule; but
this right is not an arbitrary or unlimited one. It
is a right to be in subordination to the constitu
tion, and in conformity to it. One great object
of the constitution was to restrain majorities
from oppressing minorities, or encroaching up
on their just rights. Minorities have a right to
appeal to the constitution, as a shield against
such oppression.
That the blessings ot liberty which our con
stitution secures may be enjoyed alike by mi
norities and majorities, the executive has been
wisely invested with a qualified veto upon the
acts of the legislature. It is a negative power,
and is conservative in its character. It arrests
for the time hasty, inconsiderate, or unconstitu
tional legislation; invites reconsideration, and
transfers questions at issue between the legisla
tive and executive departments to the tribunal
of the people. Like all other powers, it is sub
ject to be abused. When judiciously and pro
perly exercised, the constitution itself may be
saved from infraction, and the rights ot all pre
served and protected.
The inestir able value of our federal Union
is felt and acknowledged by all. By this sys
tern of united and confederated States, our peo
ple are permitted, collectively and individually,
to seek their own happiness in their own way;
and the consequences have been most auspicious.
Since the Union was formed, the number of
the Stales has increased from thirteen to twenty
eight; twoot these have taken their position as
members ofthe confederacy within the last week.
Our population has increased from three to
twenty millions. New communities and states
are seeking protection tinder itsasgis, and mul
titudes from the Old World are flocking to our
shores to participate in its blessings. Beneath
its benign sway, peace and prosperity prevail.
Freed from the burdens and miseries of war,
our trade and intercouse have extended through
out the world. Mind, no longer tasked in devis
ing means to accomplish or resist sehemes of
ambition, usurpation, or conquest, is devoting
itself to man’s true interests, in developing his
faculties and powers, and the capacity of nature
to minister to his enjoyment. Genius is free
to announce its inventions and discoveries; and
the hand is tree to accomplish whatever the
head conceives, not incompatible with the rights
of a fellow being. All distinctions of birth or
ot rank have been abolished. All citizens,
whether native or adopted, are placed upon
terms ot precise equality. All are entitled to
equal rights and equal protection. No union
exists between church and state, and perfect
freedom ofopinion is guarantied to all sects and
creeds.
These are some of the blessings secured to
our happy land by our Federal Union. To per
petuate them, it is our sacred duty to preserve it.
Who shall assign limits to the achievements of
free minds and free hands, under the protection
of this glorious Union ?—No treason to mankind
since the organization of society’, would be equal
in atrocity to that of him who would lift his
band to destroy it. He would overthrow the
I noblest structure of human wisdom, which pro-
tects himself and his fellow man. He would
stop the progress ot free government, and involve
his country either in anarchy or despotism. He
would extinguish the fire ot liberty which
warms and animates the hearts of happy mil
lions, and invites all the nations of the earth to
imitate our example. If he say that error and
wrong are committed in the administration ot
the goverrnent, let him remember that nothing
human can be perfect; and that under no other
system of government revealed by Heaven, or
devised by man, has reason been allowed so free
and broad a scope to combat error. Has the
sword of despots proved to be a safer or surer
instrument ol reform in government than en
lightened reason ? Does he expect to find
among the ruins of this Union a happier abode
for our swarming millions than they now have
undent? Every loverol his country mustshuddei
at the thought of the possibility of its dissolution
and will be ready to adopt the patriotic senti
ment, “Our federal Union —it must be preserv
ed'" To comprotuises which
observed. Any attempt" to disturb or destroy
these compromises, being terms of the compact
of Union, can lead to none other than the most
ruinous and disastious consequences.
It is a source of deep regret that, in some
sections of out country, misguided persons have
occasionally indulged in schemesand agitations
whose object is the destruction of domestic in
stitutions existing in other sections—institutions
which existed al the adoption of the constitu
tion, and were recognized and protected by it.
All must see that if it were possible for them to
be successful tn attaining their object, the dis
solution of the Union, and the consi quent de
struction-ot our happy form ot government,
must speedily follow. ’
I atn happy to believe that at every period of
our existence as a nation, there has existed, and
continues to exist, among the great mass of our
people, a devotion to the Union of the Slates
which will shield and protect it against the mo
ral treason of any who would seriously con
template its destruction. To secure a continu
ance of that devotion, the compromises of the
constitution must not only be preserved, but
sectional jealousies an l heartburnings must be
discountenanced; and all should remember that
they are members ofthe same political family,
having a common destiny. To increase the
attachment of our people to the Union, our
laws should be just. Any policy which shall
lend to favor monopolies, or the peculiar inte
rest of sections or classes, must operate to the
prejudice of the interests ot their fellow-citizens,
and should be avoided, ft the compromises ot
the constitution be preserved—if sectional jeal
ousies and heart burnings be discountenanced
ifour laws be just and the government be
practically administered strictly within the li
ra its of power prescribed to it—we may discard
all apprehensions for the safety of the Union.
With these views of the nature, character and
objects of the government, and the value ot the
Union, I shall steadily oppose the creation ot
those institutions and systems, which, in their
nature, tend to pervert it from its legitimate pur
poses, and make it the instrument of seutons,
classes and individuals. We need no national
banks, or otherextraneous institutions, planted
around the government to conti ol or strengthen
it in opposition to the will of its authors. Ex
perience has ta.ighl us how unnecessary they
are as auxiliaries ofthe public authorities, how
impotent for good, and now powerful tor mis
chief.
Ours was intended to be a plain and frugal
government; and 1 shall regard it to be my du
ty to recommend to Congress, and, as lar as the
execution is concerned, to enforce by all the
means within my power, the strictest economy
in the expenditureot the public money, which
may be compatible with the public interests.
A national debt has become almost an insti
tution ol European monarchies. It is viewed,
in some of them, as an essential prop to existing
governments. Melancholy is the condition ol
that people whose government can be sustained
only by a system which periodically transfers
large amounts Irom the labors of the many to
the coffers of the lew. Such a system is incusas*
patible « } th the e-;rfs
ncy; tTie’ l fetsrs"Co’nffacted fn &tfrrevolution, and
during the war of 1812, have been happily ex
tinguished. By a judicious application ofthe
revenues, not requited for other necessary pur
poses, it isnotdoubted that the debt which has
grown out of the circumstancesof the last lew
years may be speedily paid off.
I congratulate my fellow-citizens on the en
tire restoration ol the credit of the general gov
ernment ofthe Union, and that of many ofthe
States. Happy would it be for the indebted
Stales ifthey were freed from their liabilities,
many of which were incautiously contracted.
Although the government of the Uniofi is
neither in a legal nor a moral sense bound for
the debts of the Stales, and it woul I be a viola
tion ot our compact of Union to assume them,
yet we cannot but feel a interest in seeing
all the States meet their public liabilities, and
pay offtheir just debts, at the earliest practica
ble period. That they will do so, as soon as
it ean be done without imposing too heavy
burdens on their citizens, there is no reason to
doubt. The sound, moral, honorable feeling of
the people ol the indebted States, cannot be
questioned; and we are happy to perceive a
settled disposition on theirpart, as their ability
returns, after a season of unexampled pecuni
ary embarrassment, to pay off all just demands,
and to acquiesce in any reasonable measures to
accomplish that object.
One ot the difficulties which we have had to
encounter in the practical administration of
the government, consists in the adjustment ol
our revenue laws, and the levy of the taxes ne
cessary for the support ol government. In the
genelal proposition, that uo more money shall
be collected than the necessities of an econo
mical administration shall require, all parties
seem toacquiesee. Nor does there seem to be
any material difference of opinion as to the ab
sence of right in the government to tax one sec
ion ot c luntry, for one class of citizens, or one
the mere profit of another.—
“Justice an» sound policy forbid the federal
government to foster one branch ot industry to
the detriment ot another, or to cherish the in
terests ot one portion to the injury of another
portion of our common country.” I have here
tofore declared to my fellow-citizens that, in
“my judgment, it is the duty of the government
to extend, as far as it may be practicable to do
so, by its revenue laws, and all other means
within its power, fair and just protection to al:
the great interests of the whole Union, embra
cing agriculture manufactures, the mechanic
arts, commerce, and navigation.” I have also
declared my opinion to be “in favor of a tariff
for revenue,” and that, "in adjus'ing the details
of such a tariff, 1 have sanctioned such moderate
discriminating duties as would produce the
amount of revenue needed, and, at the same
time, afford reasonable incidental protection
to our home industry ;” and that I was “opposed
loa tariff for protection merely, and not for re
venue.”
The power “to lay and collect taxes, duties,
imposts an : excises,” was an indispensable one
to be conferred on the federal government,
Which, without it, would possess no means of
providing for its own support. In executing
this power by levying a tariff of duties for the
sunport of government, the raising of revenue
should be the object and protection the incident.—
To reverse this principle and make protection
the object, and rev nue the incident, would Be to
inflict manifest injustice upon all other than the
protected interests. In levying duties lor reve
nue, it is doubt less proper to make such discrimi
nations within the revenue principle, as will af
ford incidental protection to our home interests.
Within the revenue limit, there is a discretion
to discriminate; beyond that limit, the rightlul
exercise of the power is not conceded. The in
cidental protection afforded to our home inte
rests should, as lar as practicable, be equally
protected. The largest portion of our people
are agriculturists. Others are employed in
manufactures, commerce, navigation and the
mechanic arts.
They are all engaged in their respective pur
suits, and their jointlaborsconstitute the nation
al or home industry. To tax one branch of th is
home industry for the benefit of another, would
be unjust. No one ot these interests can right
fully claim an advantage over the others, or to
be enriched by impoverishing the others. All
are equally entitled to the fostering care and
protectionofthe government. In exefeising a
sound discretion in levying discriminating du
ties within the limit prescribed, care should be
taken that it be done in a manner not to benefit
the wealthy few, at the expense oi the toiling
millions, by taxing lowest the luxuries ol life, or
articlesof superior quality and high price, which
can only be consumed by the wealthy; and
highest the necessaries ol life, or articles of coarse
quality and low price, which the poor and great
mass of our people must consume. The bur
densol government should, as tar as practicable,
be distributed justly and equally among all clas
ses of our population. These general views,
long entertained on this subject, I have deemed
it proper to reiterate. It is a subject upon which
conflicting interests of sections and occupations
are supposed to exist, and a spirit of mutual
concession and compromise in adjusting itsde
tails should be cherished by every part of our
wide spread country as the only means of pre
serving harmony and a cheerful acquiescence of
all in the operation of our revenue laws. Our
patriotic citizens in every part of the Union will
readily submit to the payment of such taxes as
shall be needed for the support of their govern
ment, whether in peace or in war, it they are «o
levied as todisuibuie the burdens as equally us
possible among them.
The republic ol Texas has made known her
desire to come into cur Uni n, to form a pan oi
our confederacy, and enjoy with us the blessings
of liberty, secured and guatantied by our con
stitution. Texas was once a part ot our coun
try—was unwisely ceded away to a foreign
(lower —is now independent, and possesses an
undoubted right to dispose of a part or the whole
of her territory, and to merge her sovereignty,
as a separate a>d independent State, in ours. 1
congratulate my country that, by an act of the
late Congress ofthe United Slates, the assent oi
inis government has been given to tbe re-union;
and it only remains for the two countries to agree
upon the terms, to consummate an object so im
portant to both.
I regard the question of annexation as be
longing exclusively to the United States and
Texas. They are independent powers, compe
tent to aontract; and foreign natrons have no
right to interfere with them, or to take excep
limits, is to extend the oominions of peace over
additional territories and i icreasing millions.
The world has nothing to tear from military
ambition in our government. While the chiel
magistrate and the popular branch ol Congress
are elected tor short terms by the suffrages ot
those millions who must, in their own persons,
bear all the burdens and miseries of war, our
government cannot be otherwise than pac tic.
Foreign powers should, thereiore, look on the
annexation oi Texas to the United States, noi
as the conquest ot a nation seeking to extend
her dominions by arms and violence, but as the
peaceful acquisition of a territory once herown,
by adding another membertoour confederation
with the consent ot that member —thereby di
minishing the chances of war, and opening to
them new and ever-increasing marke.s lor their
products.
„To Texas, the re-union is important, because
the strong protecting arm ot our government
would ba extended over her, and the vast re
sources of her fertile soil and genial climate
would be speedily developed; while the safety
of New Orleans and of our whole southwestern
frontier against hostile aggression, as well as
the interests ot the whole Union, wquldbe pro
moted by it.
In the earlier stages of our national existenc ■,
the opinion prevailed with some, that oursys
tem of contederated States could not operate
successfully over an extended territory, and se
rious objections have, at different times, been
made to the enlargement of our boundaries.
These objections were earnestly urged when
we acquired Louisiana. Experience hasshown
that they were not well founded. The title of nu
merous Indian tribes to vast tracts of country
has been extinguished.
New Slates have been admitted into the Union.
New Territories have been created, and our
jurisdiction and laws extended over them. As
our population has expanded, the Union has
been cemented and strengthened. As our boun
daries have been spread over a large surlace, our
federative system has acquired additional
strength and security. It may well be doubt ’d
whether it would not be in greater danger of
overthrow, if our present population were coqZ
fined to the comparatively narrow limt s of the
origiiialjhirteen States, than it is now that they
are sparsely settled over a more expanded terri
tory. It is confidently believed that our system
may be safely extended to the utmost boun is of'
our territorial limits, and that, as it shall he ex
tended, the bonds of our Union, so far from be
ing weakened, will become stronger.
None can fail to see the danger to olir safety
and future peace, it Texas remains an indepen
dent State, or becomes an allay or dependency
of some foreign nation more powerful Rian ter
self. Is there one among our citizens who
would not prefer perpetual peace with Texas,
to occasional wars, which so often occur be
tween bordering independent nations? Is there
one who would not prefer free intercourse with
her, to high duties on all our products and ma
nulactures which enter her f orts or cross her
frontiers? Is there one who Would not prefer
an uateaixicieAcuAnmunication with het citizens, '
will rernafn herown, whether annexed to the
Unite ! States or not. None of the present
St ites will be responsible tor them, any more
than they are for the local institutions of each
other. They hava confederated together lor cer
tain specified objects.
Upon the same principal that they would
retuse to form a perpetual union with Texas
because ol her local institutions, our forefathers
would have been prevented from forming our
present Union. Perceiving no valid objection
to tbe measure, and many reasons tor its adop
tion, vitally affecting the peace, the safety and
the prosperity of both countries, I shall, on the
broad principle which formed the basis and
produced the adoption of our constitution, and
not in any narrow spirit ol sectional policy, en
deavor, by all constitutional, honorable, and
appropriate means, to consummate theexpressed
will of the people and government ot the
United States, by the re-annexation of Texas
to our Union al the earliest practicable period.
Nor will it become in ales-degree iny duty
to asseit and maintain, by all constitutional
means, the right of the United Slates to that
portion ot our territory win ch lies b°jond the
Rocky mountains. Our title to the countrv of
the Oregon is “clear and unqu stiouable,” ami
already are our people preparing to petted I
that title by occupying it with their wives and
children. But eigidy years ago, our population '
was confined on the Wesi by the ridge ol the J
Alleghanies.
Wi'hin that period—within the lile im , I
might say, of some of my hearers—our people,
increasing to many millions, have filled toe. east
ern valley oflhe Mississippi; adventurously as
cended the Missouri to its bead springs; and
are already engaged in establishing the bless
ings of self government in valleys, of which
the rivers flow to the Pacific, k
The world beholds the neaMBUl triumphs ol
the industry of our emigraullwSro us belongs
the duty of protecting them aqßlately where
ver they may be upon ours dlr The jurisdic
tion of our laws, and the benefits of our repub
lican institutions, should be extended over tnein
in ttie distant regions which they have selected
lor their homes. The increasing facilities of
intercourse will easily bring the States, ol
which the formation of that part of our territory
cannot be long delayed, within the sphere of our
federative Union. In the mean time, every
obligation imposed by treaty or conventional
stipulations should be sacredly respected.
In the management of our foreign relations,
it will be my aim to observe a careful respect
for the lights ot other nations, while our own
will be the subject of constant watchfulness.
Equal and exact justice should characterize all
our intercourse with foreign countries. All al
liances having a tendency to jeopard the wel
fare and honor of our country, or sacrifice any
one of the national interests, will be studiously
avoided; and yet no opportunity will be lost to
cultivate a favorable understanding with fo
reign governments, by which our navigation
and commerce may be extended, and the ainpfo
products ol our fertile soil, as well aside ma
nuiacture ol our skilful artisans, find a ready
market and remunerating prices io foreign
countries.
In taking “ care that the laws be faithfully
execute i,” a strict performance of duty will be
exacted from all public officers. From those
officers, especially, who are charged with the
collection and di-borsement of the public reve
nue, will prompt and rigid accountability be
required. Any culpable failure or delay on 'heir
panto account tor the moneys intrusted to them,
at the times and in the manner required by law,
will, in every instance, terminate tbe official
connection of such defaulting officer with the
government.
Although, in our country, the chief magis
(rate must almost of necessity be chosen by a
party, and stand pledged to its principles and
measures, yet in his official action, he should
not be the President of a part otiiy, but of ihe
whole people of the United States. While he
executes the laos with an impartial hand,
shrinks from no proper responsibility, and faith
fully carries out in the executive department of
the government the principles and policy of
those who have chosen him, he should not be
unmindful that our fellow-citizens who have
diff-red witn him in opinion are entitled to the
full and free exercise of their opinions and
judgments, and that the rights ot all are entitled
to respect and regard.
Confl iently reiving upon the aid and assist
ance ofthe co ordinate departments of the go
vernment in conducting our public affairs. I
enter upon the discharge ol the high duties
which have been assigned me by the people,
again humbly supplica ing trial Divine Being
who has watched over and protected our beloved
country from its infancy to the present hour, to
continue His gracious benedictions upon us,
that we may continue to be a prosperous and
happy people.
Texas Cotton.—Weomilled to mention yes
terday, says the Mobile Advertisei of the 4ih
inst., that a consignment of 460 bales of cotton
was received here on Sunday last, by the barque
Wm. Ivy, from Matagorda, Texas. It is an
occurrence that has not taken place before, we
believe, for many years—if we mistake not, nev
er since the time of the steamer Newcastle’s
running between this and the ports of Texas,
which was in 1839.
VOL.IX.-X). 11.
longhessio .al Pain Lehi g».
Correspondence of the Ballimutg Amorunn.
VV ASHisar.es. .vlaici. 3.
SENA I'E
The Senate were i alivd to • ■- ... 10o’clock,
and the first important tiuaii.e-- was a >.,i>iiou
made by Mr. Alien, ..I Un. -, midit u, tiw Ui--
gon Bill Irom the House ..| Ue t ire-,ei<.imivvs.
Mr. Allen backed hi- moi ion by one of iii» fla
ming speeches, de laringina lie Executive ad
recommended, that the People oesireu, inat me
■ louse bad passed the bill, and that it ougb',
regardless of consequences, at once to became
a law.
Mr. Evans said that a’l the important bills
were pending in the Senaie, an.l lie was asio
msbeG that the Senator train Ohio shoull press
such a bill at the pre-ent inoiiienL
Mr. Crittenden commented with powerful
sarcasm and effect upon trie speech and motion
oi the Senator from Ohio. Ii seemed io him u».. ~ ,
be a desire to make a display ol nis uiat >ry and
•rt
Mr. Allen made some reply, and the motion Q
was lunher discussed by dr. iVoodbury, and fl
Huntington, ot Conn., and then tbe moti >n to W
act upon tbe bill was rejected by a vote ol 23 to
Mr Evans reported Irom the Committee on
Conleieuce.lhe Civil and Diplomatic Bill,with a
recommendation upon the disagreeing ameud
menis that the senaie recede from some and in
sist upon others Ttie R-por. was explained
and then agreed to withou. a division.
Mr. Ev ms called up ine Indian Bill, which
had been under discussion Iroiu 10io 12o’clock
on Saturday night.
The discussion then was in reference to the
Choctaw Contracts made by the War D-part
merit. A longdisvussion arose between Messrs.
Evans, Huntington and Jarnegin upon the one
side, and Buchanan, Crittenden and Walker
upon the other. ,
The character of tbe Secretary ol War was
involved In these discussions for making con
tracts in violation of law. He was detended by
Mr. Buchanan and Mr Walser, though it was
obvious that the lawhad been violated in making
the contracts. The amendment was now re
jected—2o to 21—and alter some other amend
ments had been agreed to the bill was read a
third time and passed lor the House ot Repre
sentatives.
Mr. Walker introduced a resolution, which
was read twice, authorizing the Hun. iVillie P.
Mangum, President ot the Senate, to receive Tie
same pay as the Vice-President of the Uni red
States while auing as President ot the Senale.
The resolution was subsequently passed.
Mr, Berrien made a report from the Commit
tee on the Judiciary upon ttie subject of Natu
ralization Laws which embodies tne recent in
vestigations. The motion to print was opposed
by Messrs. Dickinson and Sevier, and advo
cated by Messrs. Berrien and Archer, the last
of whom moved to print 5,000 extra copies.
Mr. Woodbury moved to lay the motion to
print upon the table.
Mr. Barrow expressed his astonishment at
this motion. He had himself introduced the
resolution upon which the report was founded,
and he wished now to see who it was who was
in favor ot concealing the frauds committed up
on the ballot-box.
The motion to lay upon the table was sus
tained by all of tbe iocjfoco Senators, and lost
by a vole ol 23 io 22. The printing ot the regu
lar and extra copies was ihen ordered by a vote
ol 24 to 22
The Senate then took > recess until 5 P. M.
HOUSE.
Tbe Rules of the House were suspended to
receive reports from the Standing Committees
of the House.
Mr. Kennedy reported a Bill from the Senate
amending the act fixing the value ol certain lo
reign moneys. The Bill was passed .iiid mere
ly establishes the value ot the Austrian florin al
48 cents. iijjii
Mr. Mi Kay reported rom the Committee on
Couiereut e and a-Ketl a cuueunenefc in the re- 13
port submiited, me Huw ; '.vi.re
great hosiilny among some >1 the more uhra yf
members against concurrence, particidaily aal«B
there was an appr ip-imi moi S3B Im'jia- fl|
ving Pennsylvania Avenue
So ue ol uiV membei' did not like that there
should not be a full mission io China, but Mr.
Cushing having said thai a resi
dent was Better, the majoriiy were satisfied.
There were others who did not like ihe a piu
priatiou of $275,000 for ihe payment of he
Mexican indemnity, but as mere is a proviso
that our Government shall riot pnv to the claim
anis unless the Government ot Mexico paid to
the Agents, objections were removed, and die
Repoit was concurred in by a large vote.
A resolution was then adopted io suspend one
of the Joint Rules which toroids rbe Bids of
the House being presented io Hie President of
the United States for his signature upon Hie last
day of the session. The resolution was agreed
to, 121 to 47.
The Chickasaw Bill was now returned to the
House Irom me Senate, anil Hie moil m res-ed
to reconsider. Mr. Cave Johnson fought Ihe
battle tor reconsid ration, and M Sunn rers re
plud
The Previous Qustiun aas moved, and the
yeasand n lysCalled upon Hie passa>4 Hie Bill.
There was a secund and ihe d.l was rejectee)
Mi. K uuedy ol Ml, inuved to suspend lire
Rules tn order io go u to C ■mniiuee upon lire
Foitifii ation Bill _
Ihe morion wna voted down, and a J ini Re
solutu 1 wa* ir.tr 'dticed and at mu epa .»id, de
declaring ihai nytning in me act reducing the
rates ol Po“nge should (all i e ..rt in opera
tion before the I>i <d July nexi
Mr. Kennedy renewed ins nioti n t.. go into
Committee of ine Whole, which w.s lost, nd
the bal inceof the session until th. recess wa(
occupied in ihe coiisideiation of a Resolu
tion introduced hy Mr. C. Johnson of Tenn.,
instructing the 8 -crelary ol War to examine
into the accounts ol Limt M'L nig Un, who
is charged with extravagance ol expenditure in
connection with the Florida war.
Postscript—By the Magnetic Telegraph.
SENATE.
6 o’clock, P. M The Senate have passe
a bill allowing a drawback on goods exporte
in their original packages fro i the U. States to
Sama Fe, Chihuahua, and the British pro
vinces
The Navy Appiopriaiion Bill was next taken
up, amt tha amen Imerris oflhe House were act
ed upon. The Bill was then di-p sed 01, and
Ihe disagreeing amendment discussed. A mo
tion to amend and incorporating ihe claim of
Fulton was lost.
HOUSE.
The House adopted a Resolution instructing
the Secretary of ihe Navy to inquire into the
exlent anti character ot the expenditures of
Lieut. McLaughlin in the Fiori la war. The
House then took up the hill to establish the
Smithsonian bequest. Without action iron -t,
it was laid aside and two bills were ac ed opim
in Coinm liee, establishing Court-in the new
States ot Florida and iowa. The bills were re
ported to the House amt passed.
A bill for Hie distribution of decisions in the
Supreme Court was then I.i 4 aside to he re
ported to tbe House, and a<. ended so as to print
20,000 extra copies ofthe Franklin J.-uinal tor
the use oi mechanics.
The House next proceeded io the considera
tion ot a bill authorising the tran- ortmlon .4
he United Slates mail to foreign gove nn.ems
by contract to be made with li.e Posirnaater Ge
neral An amendment >as moved and carried
for the establishment of a line between tnruoti
the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.
Washington, March 4.
The length of the Inaugural Message us the
President, precludes ou- giving the cl< si g
scenes of the late Congress They are not how
ever, of great importance, and we then fore make
a synopsis.
The two Housrs adjourned after tnid' ighton
'he night of the 3rd Inat. lanvinn much unfinish
ed business, and after having trausa t. d more
business in the House than h id b- eii done in tha
last month. Ths Senate acted upon all 'he ti Is
if the House, but the latter failed
the compliment.
The P. st Ofli a bill 811 received the igratura
of the PreeLeirt and become a law, which takrs
effect on the Ib’ July next.
The Harbo-Bill is said to h.ve failed for tie
want of Mr Tyler’s slyuature.
The appropria s>n bills were p asse '•
The new 'enaV Co v. ned n ihr 1 hins:., and
the new Bcnators took the oa h of slice
There wi.-a liupe concourse wit *- a the
inauguration.
Wa'H.nlton Ma c 5,51' ■'
SENA I E
The Senate met this n. > n ' ' 1 '
and was called to i.i.ier to GEUi LL >. Dx*L
LAS, Vice-President ol ihe Uniieil bi;, s, .nd
President of the Benaie. I rei' was a lull
naic with Hie exception ol Mr. Bales, ot M; s .
who continues quite unwell, ano win. l.t.s L., n
dangerously ill since Saturday last.
Mr. Woodbury offered a Resolution that a
Committee ot two persons be appointed to wait
upon Ihe President ol the United Scales and in
’ rm him ths* the Sen-oe -u ■■ .» e. < . ...
any communnicalion De migut wisti to tuwKe.