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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 183?-1864 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 20, 1846)
lxizw€ h I J iUI D I Oil Isk I flx x<-- WOrlia P Hal Ol ck >L ts iL/iL/MM/iL s j \WL I Hil WL>l 4 ? fkX 7 b ,11 H I h ■ H » /i tex 4 .. CA OLD SERIES, VOL. LX. THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL IS PUBLISHED DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY, AND WEEKLY BY J. AV. & AV. S. JON ES. Price Reduced!! The Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel IS PUBLISHED AT TWO DOLLARS P2R ANNUM. INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. Cash System—ln no case will an order fort he paper be attended to, unless accompanied with the money; andin every instance when thetinie tor which any subscription may be paid, expires before the receipt of funds to renew the subscrip tion, the paper willbediscontinucd. Depreciated money received at its value in thiscity. TERMS OF ADVERTISING- Is Weekly Paper.—First insertion, 75 cents per square (12 lines or less), and 50 cents 1 >r each subsequent insertion. In Daily.—One square, first insertion 50 cents, and 39 cents !of each continuance. In Tm-Wkekly.—so cents per square for each insertion. FRIDAY MORNING. AUGUST 14, 1816. Adjournment of Congress. We feel satisfied the whole conn tn will unite in their congratulations upon the event, and we most cordially congratulate the Country and Con gress, that the latter have performed one act (the last in the drama) which will excite such a univer sal feeling of .pleasure among the American peo ple. The ccuntry will no longer look to Wash ington with that anxiety, nor feel that suspense, which they have been wont, because of the evil portent of things for some months past. The news of the adjournment will afford relief, and the patriot will breathe freer and easier, now that the country is relieved for a few months from the legislation and evil deeds of a faction, who have shown themselves capable of sacrificing the best and highest interests of the Country at the shrine of Party. < (O’ The Hons. John M. Bkrrrea, H. Cobb, and J. 11. Lumpkin, passed through this city yesterday evening, on their way from Washington. New Cotton.— The New Orleans Times of the Bth inst., says: The steamer Paul Jones, Capt. Walworth, brought down yesterday the first bale oi new Cotton, from the plantation of A. G. McNutt, Warren county. Miss., consign ed lo Messrs. Wm. Laughlin & Co. It is of small dimensions, weighing only two hundred pounds, and from an examination of the qual ity, has evidently been picked before the plant, had obtained a proper maturity, and is likewise very badly ginned. The color, however, is clear and the staple good. This bale has. to all appearances, been pre pared with the view of obtaining the credit of having sent the first new Colton to market. It by no means alters our opinion of the back wardness of the season, which is fully a fort night or three weeks later than last year. P- S. Since penning the foregoing, the bale has been sold at 14 cents per lb., purely a fancy price. New Books. Mr. Richards has laid on our table the fol lowing new books and serials; The. Life of Canning, by Bell—being No. 16 of Harpers’ new miscellany. We have not yet had time to examine the Memoir before us ofthis eminent English statesman. The Statesmen of the CommanweallJi of Eng land, by John Forster, is the title of a new serial, to be completed in five parts, the first No. of which is before us. Captain O';Sulliran, or Adventures Civil and Military, of a Gentleman on Half-pay—by Maxwell. A novel: cheap form. Pictorial History of England, No. 5. Wantlering-ji, r„ L .;«, n .ctreilinnil, N 0.17. Harper's Illuminated Shot;speare,llws.D*', 94, 95, 96. Aforse’s Ccrographic Maps, Nos. 6 and 7, em bracing mans ol New York; New York City and vicinity; Florida West; Alabama; Con necticut; Georgia; Canada East; and Nogth America. All from the press ol the Harper’s. 3QrWe learn from a letter, that on Wednes day last, says the Mobile Tribune of Monday the 9th inst., orders were received at Pensacola for the Revenue Cotter Wolcott, Cap,. Fatio, to immediately proceed with important despatches from Washington city, for Coin. Connor, off Vera Cruz. The purport of these despatches of course are not known, but they must be ol importance from the fact that the Wolcott was. undergoing a thorough overhauling, painting, &c., and she would hardly be called into sex service until these necessary repaiis were com pleted, unless in case of an emergency. Larue Mass or Native Silver.—The Lake • Superior News of the 28th lilt, says: “We were shown on Saturday last a mass of jmn: silver from the Engle River works of the Lake Superior Company, weighing six pounds and tenovnrcs\ It was ol the boulder character, and discovered a a depth of forty-five feet be low the surface of the river, among several; boulders of copper weighing from one to eight pounds. The silver is now on its way to H»n. David Henshaw, of Boston,Jthe President of the- Lake Superior Company. KiDNArrtNa.—The Memphis Eagle of the J7th “ ult. says that William Harris, a preacher, dentist. Sec., has been convicted there of kidnapping x slave boy from Mr. Bowles, and sentenced to the penitentiary for five years, the jury recommending , him to the mercy of the court the only contin gency by which,we presume, they were enabled to agree upon a verdict, after being out sir days. The defence set up was insanity, which, unfor tunately for Harris, burst out suddenly after bis i rest for the crime. Thf. Vice President.—We do not care to mul tiply allusions, says the Baltimore American, to he vole ot Mr. Vice President ballas in favor of ’ he new anti-protective Tariff. The thing is done, and the man no doubt will lie duly apprecia ed. But some of the over zealous friends of Mr. , Dallas hare written him a letter to inform him of he fact of their approbation of his course, to which Mr. Dallas replies in a style of self-vindication. f the Vice President will thus keep the matter before the public he must expect to find that rea sons upon which he rests his justifications exam ined, analysed andjudged. The burden of bis de ence rests upon the allegation that he was pltcdged do as he has done. He says: It was inevitable,if for no other reason, because had openly, in the face and to the knowledge of the whole country, at the moment I consented to be|a candidate for the Vice Presidency, promised tto the majority of the people who should elect me. I have assented to the conditions or instruc tions of the canvass of 1844—assented in writ ing—and that assent had been disseminated w-he;- cver the democratic press could penetrate. 4 did so more than once; aud having done so scrupulous i.. ... i , -v ly and rigorously abstained from participating in the election. On no public occasion did it become or prop?r for me to allude to the topic of a Tarill. The Pie>iue»jtial candidate. Mr. Polk, in his letter to our br.nsman, Mr. Kane, very properly took hi< owr. particular course. I had uo course to take abr-ut it, having given a compre hensive pledge to u’.idi* by the sense of a majority, and the matter of a Tariff being expressly and emphatically involved in the binding lesoluttons of those who. without the slightest knowledge, or expectation, or de > ire on my part, proffered the nomination for my acceptance. Now what is to be thought of the candor >t a | man who considered himself a pledged candidate I against protection, yet who allowed himself to be , throughout Pennsylvania, previous to j the election, as a friend to the protective prin-iple •nd to the Tariff of 1542 ? The previous course I of Mr. Dallas on the subject of protection, his üblished spcecheshis recorded votes, all went to strengthen the declarations made in his behalf that he was strongly in favor of a protective tariff. Hear what he said ia the Senate U’the United' States in 1832: “How has the Tarilf become incorporated al most inseparably, in our code of legislation'' The answer may seem to carry’ me somewhat farther than any of its advocates have yet gonebut my reflections lead me to the conviction, that it i- a .’tgilimate scion of tie rtrotation; —that the enrol'r ug- raent and protects / of our cwn inann thtfures wer< objects •'ontcmplGt- it by thcSarcs and soldi era of that epoch, gs alirr f ! ;. “The pow r t » regulate commerce, and thus to keep our industry an-1 resources subservient »o her, wa- conceded by the colonies to the mother country. It was, however,one ot the leading pow- of sovereignty,the efficiency of which unavr went frequent canvass, and to the enjor ment and exeui''* of which they aimed, the moment the word Independence w.i> uttered. The design of (i'cat Britain was toextoi t levenue on articles ex ported thence to the colonies here, and which .*he prohibited the colonics fiom manufacturing for themselves. Hence, independence, ro.sihtar.ee to the revenue acts, and the establishment of our own factories, were simultaneous and. associating ideas ” It Mr. Dallas had changed his opinions, or if his acceptance of the nomination cm 181! bound him, in his own judgment, to go against his prcviou-ly declared convictions ont he subject of the Tariff, he should have taken the fust opportunity during thecanvass of letting that fact be known. The mat ter, however, is scarcely worth further discussion aow. A Lead Mike discovered in Chester Co., Pa.—Twogentlemc n of this city, says th? Phila delphia Ledger of the 30h ult., writes us that in pa--sinu r through Chester county, near l’ha*.iix • ville, on Tuesday, they saw a lead mine which was discovered the day before by a laboring man, wliile_digjaing on the law of Peter Kin sey. They saw the ore tried' and Ten pounds of ore produced six pounds of pure led. Florida Pine Apples.—The Charleston News has been presented with specimens ot this fruit, raised at St. Lucia, East Florida. They have been produced with scarcely' any trouble, and are the product of a second crop, and the only fruit of th? kind which has been raised in the United Stales, it is stated that all the tropi cal fruits are easy of culture in the eastern por- ! lion oi Florida. 1 At a meeting of the machinists, miil-wrights, blacksmiths and other laborers employed in ihe Vulcan Iron Works, at Troy, N. Y., held on th? ' 20th till, resolutions- were adopted declaring , ' that it would be imperative, under the new i rates of duty, to close the business, and pledg- 1 ingthemselves, without reference to pas' po litical distinctions, hereafter to support no man f for office who is not in tavor of protecting the 1 American in preference to the British laborer. ! The potato joi, in its most putrid and offen sive form, has appeared in the vicinity of 1 lari- t ford, Conneciicut. Acres of potatoes are rotting in the ground; and those apparently sound, 1 after being dug, in thiee to six days begin to c decay, in some cases half of them will be* t come from one-foprth to one-third literally rotten. The disease has al.:-o appeared in *' Farmington to an alarming extent. The Nav igatlon - The following extract from the charter of the Hud- J son’s Bay Company is conclusive ax to the per- petual right ot the Company to the tree navi- [ gation ol ihe Columbia under the late O.egon Treaty. 'l’he extract is trotn an official copy ‘ of the charter; it was read in the Senate on ; Fi iday: Extract hom the charter gt anted to Ute Hudson's * Bay Company by Charts the 2d, dated. Mau s the. 2d, in Uu: ttro and twentieth near of his s rt ign, being ](')“! I, ( The third section provides that the persons . named, “ and such others as shalh be admitted j into the said society, as is hereafter expressed, shall be one body corporate .and politique, in ' deed and in name, by th? name of ihe Governor and Comnany of Adventures of England, trading ' mto Hndsoids Bay, and them by the name <d T/tt? Governor and. Company of Adventurers of ' rad' ng jo. to Hudson's Bay. one body h'mrphtHTqTT.-, U1 , (e ea Tthn mirnnp- <1 really anti hilly forever tor its; 2 ■ successors,” &c. ; :1 Section 12. Anti further we do by these pre- * sents, tor us, our heirs and successors, make, * ci cate, and constitute the said Governor and * Company, lor the time being, aud their sucues- ' sors, the true and absolute lords and proprietors i c ol the same territories, limits, and places alore- 5 said, and ol all other the premises, saving al- 5 wavs the faith and allegiance and sovereign do- t ( minion to us, our heirs and successors, forth? * same; to have, hoffi, possess and enjoy the said ’ territories, limits, and places, and allandsingu lar o:her the premises hereby granted, as afore said, with their and every ol their rights, mem- ® bers, jurisdictions, prerogatives, royalties, and ;1 appattenanees whatsoever, to them the said ' Governor and Company and their successors Porever, to be holden of us, our heirs and sue- c cessors, as of our manor ot East Greenwich, in 1 the county of Kent, in free and common soe- v cage, and not in capite, or by knight service; 1 yielding and paying yearly to us, our heirs and successers, tor the same, two elks and two black '9 beavers, whensoever and as often as we, our heirs and successors, shall happen to enter into s the said countries, territories, anil regions here- d by granted. j ’ r A treaty with the Pottawatomie Indians which i was concluded on the 28th ult., has been offi- \ cially published. By this treaty, the possesso- r rv right ofthe Polla watamies to some six mil- y lionsof acres of land is extinguished—five mil- i lions of valuable land lying between the Mis- * souri and Mississippi, west of the State of f lowa and north ot the Slate of Missoni i, and ; on? million of acres on the Osage river, west of the latter State. The Stale ot lowa will, by this treatv, gain a front on the Mississippi j river of several hundred miles, and that Slate and the United States obtain possession of five millions of fruitful and saleable land, towards j which a large emigration has already been di- ( rected. The Randolph Negbqes.—The last Piqua t (Ohio) Register says: “These unfortunate crea- I tures have again been driven from lands selected i for them. As we noticed last week, an effort, t which it was thought would be successful, was j made to settle them in Shelby county, but like < the previous attempt in Mercer, it has failed. < They were driven away by threats of violence. About one-third of them, we undeistand remained at Sidney, intending to scatter and find homes * wherever they ran. The rest, of them catne down ■ here to-day, and are now at the wharf in boats. 1 The present intention is to leave them alonjj ! wherever places can be obtained for them. We presume, therefore, they will remain in the State, as it is probable they will find situations for the whole of them between this and Cincinnati.” I Disastrous Fire at Meredith Bridge, .\. IT.—-The following letter we find in ihe Phila delphia U. S. Gazeite oi Saturday: Meredith Bridge, August 5,1816. We have had a terrible fire; 30 buildings are in ruins, embracing the business part ot the village, the Gazette building, Post office, While Mountain Pavillion, with all its stables and some eight or ten stores. The fire originated in a shoe peg factory, ki catcdin the most combustible part of the vil lage, and spread with pertec’. rapidity for three hours. The mills on Canal-street (not valua ble) were all destroyed, but the factories ate sale. 1 have no time fur further particulars. Yours, &c. P. S. The Gazelle office was destroyed, ex cept some of the types and movables. A New York letter says—A concern called the Salisbury Bank exploded to-day, as tar as the redemption office here is ?or.cerned, and some of the parties connected with il here have been arrested on a criminal charge. T’here has been an er. leaver made within the last two months to pul its notes in circulation here, but ] Thompson’s Reporter vetoed it. - The New Senator from Maine.—lt appears | that the election of Mr. Bradbury, who was re- | cen’iy elected to the United States Senate from | ihe State of Maine, is. to be contested. The ! Whig members oi the Legi-latur-’ have drawn up a remonstrance to be presented to the Senate of the United Stales, in which they aver that the report of the committee which counted the bal lots on the part oi the House of Representatives ol the Maine Legislature was incorrect, inas much as it declares at least five votes more tor James W. Bradbuiy, and at least five votes ! i es>s against him, than were actually cast by ! members ot the House and received by said > committee. They say, and aver that they are • ready to prove, that the number of votes given j and received, as aforesaid, for George Evans, instead of being 49 only, as reported, was in I fact 53, and that one vote was so given and re ‘ ceive/for William P- Fessenden, which vote • wa* not reported, and that there were no iess •: than IS votes so given and received for others, ! together with one blank vote. Alleging the error sab we stated, and that oth er errois ate contained in said report, they sav that these was in tact no election on ibe pail ot the House; and they the re fare remonstrate a gainst the right of James W. Bradbury, under the said declared election, io lake and hold a seat as a Senator tor ihc State of Maine in the Senate ot the United States. LA'i'kM' I’HtLI i StdiAMk ? i ■ -kp S’l ’KA Al Slll P GIIE AT\V E S'l' E KN. Six Days Later from l?urop?. The Steamship Great Capl. Mat thews, arrived at New York Tuesday morn ing, betwenff and 7 o’clock', with datis from Li verpool to the 25ih up. inclusive, being only six days later. The news, a summary of which we make up from our ex hangc-, is of little in terest. 1 he teporied failure of the potato crop in Ireland has again produced a great demand for Indian Coin. Large quantities were sold ir. Liverpool on the 2!hh at a slight advance in pr ice, it is still, however, the cheapest article cflood that can be purchased. The national tribute to the gifted and talent ed Mr. Cobden progresses most satisfactorily; it now amounts to neatly The house ot Messrs. Brown, Shipley, & Co., American merchants, at Liverpool, heads the list by a sub scription of 501'0 dollars. The Overland Mail anived in England on the 20tb, with dates from Calcutta to tbedth Jun , and fiom Canton to the 21th May. There is no news of special interest from that quarter of the globe. A feariuj accident had occurred during a hurricane ;.i Loodianab, on the 20th of Al ay. The ban acks there were blown down, and #1 men, women, and children of her Majes ty’s 50th Regiment had perished; 135 have oeen wounded, and four privates are missiri The ship Bombay Castle, Capt. Frazer, w - totally destroyed by fire, on the 28;h of Ma offSaugur. The Calcutta Englishman, ci t. Is! June, stales that the 21st May had been fix for the surrender <.f Kangra. The place, it said, wilt be given up ur conditionally. Lord William Russell, brother of the Duk of Bedford and Lt.rd John Russeil, died at Ge. non, on the loth ult., age 57. ’Che Psyche French iiigate will leave Brest shortly for the Gull of Mexico, to convey thither the new French Plenipotentiary. 'The quantity ot Tobacco sold in France un der the royal monopoly, in 1815, was 1?| mil lions of kilogrammes.' producing 107 millions of francs, (about £ 1,158,300 ) 'The elections to engross the entire attention of the press and the people of France. In Spain the Queen’s marriage was the gene ral topic of discussion, with the claims of the different candidates for her hand. The hai vest in the south of France is making some pi ogress, but the result does not seem to be very satisfactory. 'The extraordinary heat of the temperature in June and July has’eaused a notable deficiency in the crops. The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. James Flora, as Consul at Manchester tor the United Slates of America. It appears that the failure in the apple crop is likely to be general throughout Europe. It is stated that the Russian government is in consternation at the apprehended total failure of the present harvest. Private letters received at Paris give a detail ed account of a horrible massacre ot some En glish and French at Madagascar. I he ship Matilda anived at Liverpool from Shanghae, had 40,000 Chinese bricks on board. A previous importation of 15,000 bad taken place a few days before. In 1813, the quantity of iron made weekly in North and South Staffordshire was 520 tons ; the make now amounts to 1,530 tons. 'The “learned blacksmith,” Mr. Elihu Bur ritt, continues to excite much attention in Eng land. Lie has been lectuiing successfully in Manchester. Mr. Brown, the Liverpool merchant, has been returned to Parliament fur South Lanca shire, without opposition. Mr. McLane was stay ing with Mr. Erown on a visit, when the Gieal Western left. A very handsome address ol congratulation, on the arrangement of the Oregon question, was presented to Air. McLane by the Liverpool Charubei of Commerce, and, with his reply, is published in the European Times. “ 'J'o J//.T A’.rreZ/c;;<?/Louts McLane, Esq , Min ister Plcnipotcutiarij f iom the United Slates of Amer tea to Great, Britain: “Sm—The Ameiiean Chamber of Com merce of Liverpool desire to express to you the , .. . they entertain ot the value and importance ot me muivM- j... have recently made for maintaining friendly re lations between Great Britain and the United States. The merchants of Liverpool have read with great pleasure, and heartily concur in the opinion which Lord Aberdeen, in his place in Parliament, expressed ot the services which you .have rendered to your own country and lo ours. Although the consciousness ot having labored to promote the welfare ot mankind, is in itself a great reward, it cannot tail to aflbrd you additional pleasure to leatn that those who have anxiously watched the progress ol the ne gotiations, nuw happily terminated, have duly appreciated the patience, ability and temper by which your conduct has been distinguished. Whilst you have carefully maintained the hon or of the Ur.ited States, you have largely con tributed to save both nations from the horrors of war. The highest renown belongs to such la bors, and their true value will not be measure<t by the successful tenuimition of the Oregon question alone. “The example which ha’*s been set by the statesmen of two great nations thus settling by discussion, and in a spirit of inuderation and justice, disputes of long standing, and, frc.’n peculiar circumstances, (>f the gravest political importance, is of inestimable valuP to the world. Entertaining tor your character the most sincere respect, and particularly for this portion of it which we have observed in your intercourse with our own government, we beg you lo accept the expression of our high esteem, and our best wishes for your continued health and happiness. “ Liverpool, 29th July, 1846.” The warm and just compliments cont ained in this address, compliments that will be uni versally concurred in by his counirj men at home and abroad, were replied to by Mr. .McLane, in language that is a.ike honorable to himself, to the position he occupies and to the character ot his country, and though what he says in rela tion to the temper and feeling in which the ne gotiation was conducted on the part ot our Go vernment, is pushing that matter quite as far as the facts of the case will bear him out, we sup pose he was warranted in it, by the circum stances under which he was acting. The re sponse of Mr. McLane was in this language : “ Although 1 must ask you to be content with a brief acknowledgment of the address you have kindly made tome, and to the flattering esti mate you have been pleased to place upon the servicesit was in my power io render during the recent negotiations to which yon refer. I beg you io be assured that 1 am not the less grateful for your approbation of my conduct. To no one can the result which ha* so happily crown ed these negotiations give greater satisfaction than it has done to me; and I never doubled that 1 could not render a more patiiotic service to my own country, or one more acceptable or of greater importance to the world at large, than by contributing any assistance in my power towards the preservation of peace, upon honor able terms, between two kindred nations, whose prosperity I believe to be intimately interwoven with each other. “ It A benota reproach,! have always thought it was to be lamented that the peace ot two such nations, with so many motives to encourage and so few to disturb it, should have been so often and seriously threatened by causes which, when subjected to’ihe management of calm rea son and honorable dealing would immediately disappear. “Upon the present occasion, while I must bear ample testimony to the ample policy and good faith of my own government, it affords me unfeigned satisfaction to confess that to the sincere and unwavering desire ot peace, it to be honorably maintained, and to the manly, straight-torward temper with which the nego tiations were conducted by the distinguished minister to whom you have referred, is the re sult to be in no small degree attributed. “ I agree with you, gentlemen, in thinking that the temper manifested by both nations in tfie settlement of the question ought to be an example to the world al large, and, may I not add, that it atiords a sure guarantee of the cor dial amity by which our future intercourse will be distinguished. It is gratifying to reflect that ilie terms upon which the question, at one time apparently s.» critical, has been adjusted, have been generally satisfactory the governments and the people • 1 both countries, leaving noth ing behind to disturb the harmony ot our fu ture relations. It is also worthy ol congratu lation, that by the convention recently concluded the only remaining question growing out ot the treat}’ of 1753 has been finally settled, and that hereafter our people, though ot separate na tions acknowledging a common origin and. history, speaking ihe same language, alike boasting constitutional liberty, regulated by law, and intimately associated in commerce and the arts, may start forward in a new career of international intercourse, without any ap prehension from any ancient cause of prejudice or ill-will No one, I assure you, more fer vently hopes that the future may remain as free from any fresh cause ot disagreement." Lord Morpeth has been again returned with out opposition tor the West Riding of York- I shire. He made a very eloquent and admira -1 ble speech on the occasion, beginning by appro- AUGUSTA, GA., THURSDAY prime allusions to (he recent important changes • hat have taken place in the country, and to the < videi.ee before him that hisconsti<u«?nts intend ed to give the new administration a fair trial. He sketched the remarkable union ot parties by whieh, in obedience to the popular will, the re peal <d the Coin Laws had been effected, and paid an extended compliment to Sir Robert Peel, the only man, in his judgment, who could have succeeded in carrying that measure. One beneficial tesuli for which he looked was, that the poorer classes of England and Ireland might be “ 1 eiuptcd, or enabled, (which he feared was a justcr word to use,) to abandon potatoes as their necessary and habitual food, and to have recourse to a higherspeuies of nu’riment—either to good wheaten bread, or, if that is not always within tin ir reach; to other grains, and espe cially.to the flour made fiom Indian coin, which, by experience, he said he could recommend to their use and their palate.” Another beneficial result, he hoped, would be the oblivion ot all past disputes, and the obli teration ,of all the acrimony anil animosity which might have subsisted between different classe.C?/-! ie said he should concur with the ministry in the repeal of all difference in the duties upon free and slave frown sugar, not because he was any lessopgftsed to slavery than before, but because he did not believe the mea sure in question would have upon its continu ance or abolition any influence whatever. Upon this point he said, further: I felt that were we to aggravate the horrors of the slave trade, ev» n those considerations io which 1 have alluded ought not to prevail; but. when it is made clear to in*-? that in ordinary years we have no demand nt alitor the free grown sugar, which is produced for the mar kets of the world, and that, consequently, when free and slave-grown sugar meet in the general markets of the world, the same article can only have one price, and the effect of one portion of th .1 general marker, such as this country, compared with the rest of the world, confining itself wholly to a part ot the free grown sugar, and sending the rest to mix with slave-grown sugar in the other general markets, could only be to drive slave-grown sugar into other places, instead of the portion of free-grown sugar which they would send to us, 1 fell that we were really contributing lo raise thepiice price c<f slave-grown sugar at the expense of that which is tree-grown; and, therefore, for a principle which militated against the whole of the remaining systemot tree trade, we were pur suing a very doubtful course even as concerned th? encouragement ot the slave trade. I felt that even upon this matter, as upon ail others, the time was come when 1 might commit my self without reserve to the universal principles of free Hade. Lord Morpeth proceeded to speak of the an ticipated happy crlect of recent legislation in promoting the physical comfort ot the laboring classes, and upon their better and higher inter ests, and lo enlarge upon the pleasure which every right-minded man must derive from the fact that the interests of education were attract ing so general attention and that a spirit of cul ture and knowledge was becoming more wide ly influential among all classes His conclud ing remarksare in so noble and elevated a spi rit, and embody so much that is worthy Hie at tention of all public men, in this country as well as in England, that we copy it entire:— “ 1 feel that now, above all others, is the time for those who are entrusted with the responsi bilities of government to do every tning in their power to open the way fur all that can improve the condition and elevate the character of our people. (Cheers ) No nobler task can be set before them. I hope they will be found faithful lo the great principles which have hitherto guided their political and public conduct; that they will make it theirdutyto watch with jeal- 1 ous care the opportunities which may offer 1 themselvesof carrying further ihe sacred prin ®|. les ol civil and religiousfreedom. (Cheers.) 1 1 hope that they will make it a prominent object of their care to find a clue, if possible, to the disorders and miseries which have long afflicted our Irish fellow-countrymen (hear, hear]; and lhatlhey will feel in every department Os affairs which come under their cognizance, that the goverment is a trust in their hands lor the good of the many, that it is only by conducting the » universal interests of the nation that they can hope either to satisfy their own consciences or obtain a perfect acquittal at the bar of that pub lic opinion which, 1 again repeat, must now be 1 ihe sovereign arbiter <d ‘ | riiuui, n.-cu } inat toe lime especi- ally is’come for discharging the old and worn sing mere nominal political bye-words, and to see who can do the most, and who can do the best, to call out all the resources and good quali ties, and increase the happiness and virtues of the great British empire. (Cheers.) It would seem to me that all the countries which have occupied the leading places in the annals oi mankind, have been distinguished by somc pecu lia r and o verr uli ng ben tand tendency. In ancient history, if I may carry you back so tar, the people appear to have been ad dicted to whatever was pure in taste and perfect in art. They listened in their theatres to mas ter pieces ot composition. Their orators have left models ot perfect eloquence to all succeed ing time; and they were forever intent upon adding a fiieze to the temple or a statue to the portico. The Bomans said they had left to others the breathing brass and the living mar ble ; they were intent < n feats of arms, and the extension of their dominion. In more modern limes the French nation seems to have combin ed a taste forth? decorative arts with a taste tor military glory. Now I cannot accuse ourselves of any deficiency in our disposition to add to our territories. (Hear, hear.) 1 do not wish !hi' country to be indifferent to the culture of high ait: because I believe that beauty in all its forms appeals to the noblest impulses of the hu man soul. What Ido desire with the most fer vent feeling is, that the peculiar glory ot Eng land in coming generations, may be a social, an intellectual and a moral g!ory,(cheers) ihe glory ol' laws made more equal in practice as well as in theory, (cheers) ot institutions made more enlightened, both in their general and in their special application; the glory ol descending into the receptacles ol suffering, of filth, of igno rance, and ofcrime, in order that, by so descend ing, they may raise and cleanse and illumine and amend—the glory of industry, whether in agricultural or manufacturing pursuits encou ragedot commerce extended—of education made universal—the glory of drying the tears, of brightening the hopes, of elevating ihe cha racter, of recasting the destiny of man, of mak ing freedom the guarantee of order —toleration the ally ol religion—government the object of love—and law the helpmate of virtue, These arts still peace to happy Britain brings, These are imperial arts and worthy kings ” On the evening of the 20 h, Lord Russell brought forward in the House the ministerial policy on the Sugar Duties. In referring to the demand made by certain British Abolitionists that the United Stales should be excluded from the benefits of the admission ot Sugar at low rates ot duty, on account ot slavery, bespoke as follows: That the consumption ot cotton wool in this country, and the useot it in our manufactures gives an impulse and encouragement to the slave trade in the United States; and yet, ifany one were to sav that we would not allow cotton wool to come into this country—it we were to say that before we would admit cotton wool we would force the United States to a solution ot that tremendous problem that hangs over them —that tremendous problem, whether they shall keep their black population in a state ot slave ry, or whether, applying-the great articles ot their declaration oi rights, trey shall, at once, give them the supreme power in many States— the power they would be entitled to, ot electing the majority ot representatives—to say, that we would insiston the emancipation of all their slaves, or that we would not take their cotton wool, would be nothing less than insanity. (Cheers.) Sir, it is the same thing with regard to several other productions. His exposition of the policy he intended to pursue upon this question was full and ab ; e. At present foreign skive-grown Muscovado Su gar. (which regulates all other qualities,) is ex cluded by a duty of 63s per cwt., while foreign free-grown is admitted at a duly ot 23s 42. The scale ot duties which is proposed by Lord Rus sell, in regard to all kinds, is set forth in the fol lowing table: Foreign -ZT £* —. 4r " , x Sugar. J “ c” = "7- Doub’d reti’d ». d. s. d d. s, d s.d. ■£• or equal to ; 31 6, 30 0 27 9 25 6 23 1 s j (I:her refin’d I 1 I . £ - d nr equal to. 28 0 26 8' 21 S 22 3,20 S g-£ ex ('laved 24 6 23 4, 21 7 19 !'■* 1 *r, - Muscovado . 21 0 24 0 18 6 17 0 15 < Molasses 710 7 6. 611 6 4 5 9 £ ’ The Times thinks it possible that a negative may be put upon this measure, and the Cabinet hui ousted. It denounces such action as childish and absurd, and calls upon I’ailiament to sustain the Ministry in regard to it. Lord Brougham has given notice of bis intention to submit a resolution against it, as encouraging African Slavery, and a protest signed by Thomas Clarkson and others, has been sent in, urging similar reasons against its adoption. The subject has been laid over un til the 24th, in consequence of the death of Lord Russell’s brother, The Times is very earnest in pressingthe Ministerial policy upon this question, and “puts it to the country me fibers, whethe r they are prepared for an anti-slavery agitation.” It ridicules sharply the idea that thev aie to embark in a philanthropic crusade in beha of humanity at large —in a vein, and with a pointedness of which the following is a fair specimen : Only fancy these sensible persons, who hate all - humbug, especially philanthropical humbug, a • u'ooddeal more than they hate eny thing else,eithei in or out of this world, suddenly embarked in a popular agitation for a very indirect and proble matical discouragement of slavery.' A moment’s thought must convince them that I nature never intended their manly forms and mag ( nanimous minds, their open countenances and hon est tongues, for the trade of philanthropy. How in the world will they get up unction and tears m time ? It takes a life to at quire the prop?’* roll 1 < f the eye, and that particular nasal, without 1 which the most cogent most heart rending appeals, w ill not go down. The country may ju <t as well think of sackcloth and ashes,of a ; camp meeting, er an exhibition of unknown . tongues,as an appeal to the people in behalf of the children of Ham. It’s no use. They can’t do it. . Just let any one of them, that is, let any respecta ble gentlemen,with landed property to the amount of ten thousand a year, stand with his back to the fire place in any one of the clubs, and pronounce, with suitable tone and emphasis, those very im portant words. “Am I not a man and a brother?’ 1 He will breakdown before he has got half through that mysterious formula. This is a damning test. But if the country gentlemen cannot do this, how can they expect to do all theresi that will cer tainly he required of them ? Were there but a little more time, something might be done. We might have anti-slavery classes at Excter-hall, for protectionist peers and M. P’s. But wc ques tion whether ten years daily practice would en able the Duke of Richmond or Mr. Miles to come over the old woman. It is not in them. In another article, written in *3 much more seri ous vein, the 'lhmes refers to the appalling fact that, in spite of all that has bevu done by Great Britain and by France fqjd . States, each of w* ich effect Jtfrei. trade in its own territories or under its own flag, that th? number of slaves exported from Africa has doubled within the last thirty years, and that it never was carried on with greater activity than at the present moment, or with equal barbarity. The papers annually laid before Parliament are said to furnish most abundant evidence of this de plorable truth; and of late years the men who have been most strenuous in the cause have not hesitated to avow their convictiopon this point. In concluding its remarks upon the snbject, the 'rimes says:— There is no medium between absolute commer cial non-intercourse with slave countries as a mat ter of principle and demisting from tbe attempt to force foreign States into the adoptionof our views. The true value of these attempts is now ascer tained ; to insist on them is only to our failure. Do we then despair of the cause to whieh the mind of this country is so deeply and conscien tiously devoted ? By no means. There are two irresistible powers at work in its behalf.— The first is the danger which an increasing Afri can population brings into the heartofevery Ame lican community, the second is the security which ahead}’ exists in the British West Indies, and the success which will, as we confidently anticipate, one day attend the experiment of free labor and the opening of the colonial trade. Commercial Summary. Every political change, more or less, affects business. When a ministry is m extremis, it unhinges all the arrangements of the commer cial world—unsettles men’s minds, and is pro ductive of injurious consequences, which are felt through every artery of the body politic. Iron, like other articles, is experiencing the un certainty which clouds the future. Two or three weeks back the market was buoyant, now it is depressed. Pig Iron has receded 2s. 6d. during the last tew days. Not merely Iron, but a moie elastic market—the Funds, has felt the consequences at which we have glanced in a still greater degree. The ra esof discount have receded, and the money market, as will be seen from our more detailed report elsewhere, is in a state of comparative depression. The Produce markets are also in a slate of stagnation. Colonial Sugar has, of course, ex perienced the blow which is involved in the equalization of the duties. The demand lor exportation as regards that article has ceased. A large sale ot colonial Sugar th is week went off' flatly. i he Cotton market feels the depression temporary, it is to be hoped—which prevails. It has been spiritless during the week, mainly influenced it will be seen by the stagnation which prevails in the manufacturing districts. Prices can hardly be said to have altered, but w? speak ot the tone of the dealers and spinners < generally. In the manufacturing distiicts apathy exists, increased by one or two continental failures. The houses did no extensive business in Eng lish goods, and, occurring at the present time, In the woolio»u:-4*i-.-Mi'Y*’»rkshire, business has bc' ,n sensitive, with the existence of greater confidence, in Leeds goods at the cloth halls have moved off’ with tolerable freedom. In Halifax prices are firm; in Huddersfield stocks are low, and manufacturers cautious. At the Liverpool market yesterday grain was somewhat more firm, but the trade purchased cautiously and prices were but little affected. The potato disease, which caused so much com motion last year, has reappeared this year in various parts of England and Ireland. On such occasions there is a natural tendency to create alaim and magnify the evil. Under the influ ence of the fear which prevailed at the time, Peel was enabled lo pass his bill fur the repeal ol the Corn laws; but the evil proved less se rimis than timid people apprehended, and the Minisler was charged with furthering ihe de lusion. On all such occasions selfishness com bines with an amiable philanthropy to alarm the public. The/esult, however, in the pre sent instance, has been to increase the demand j for Indian wheat, and necessarily to improve ihe price. Ireland will be the recipient of a large quantity of Indian wheat, and to the starved peasantry of that unfortunate country, when they become used lo it, it cannot fail to prove a God-send. State of the English Crops. Since the sailing of the Hibernia the weath er has been rather variable. There have been numerous showers ot rain, and although the at mosphere has been cool, we believe it has not been unfavorable to the ripening ot the crops, which in this neighborhood look well and prom ise to be very abundant. We are sorry to say the potato disease has made its appearance to an alarming extent in the sister kingdom. Men tion is made in the journals from nearly every di-trict of Ireland, mat the potato rot has ap peared in this year’s crop; and many of them express the most gloomy apprehensions of the result. The county of Cork would appear to be peculiarly visited with this scourge. A cor respondent of the Cork Reporter says—“ The potato crop is entirely destroyed in Crookhaven, and around for miles. The blast has been nearly universal; and such is the effect, that the stalk and stems thus blasted break off quite rot ten like, and the young potatoes, where found, are mostly black. All the change has taken place within the last fortnight; until then every thing seemed promising.” There are, we re gret to say, complaints of the appearance of the disease in England and the Continent, but we trust that an a)I-wise Providence may avert the further spread of such a dire disaster. The Hirvest in France—Owe letters express surprise at the height to which prices are kept up in the various markets in France. “From every quarter,” says these letters, “we h-ar <»! the admirable quality, and the more than ordinary produce, ot the corn crops of this year. In a week from the present day the en tire of the harvest south ot Paris (with the ex ception of oats in some districts) will have been cut, saved and housed. In Picardy and Nor mandy the rye and barley are all safe, and much of the wheat in progress of reaping. The potatoes will also turn out well. The vintage promises to be the finest since 1811, exceeding in quantity that of 1834.” Failure m Hamburgh.-Accounls from this city state that an extensive failure has occurred thereat. Thefirm is that of Messrs. Hinck & Co., whose liabilities are staled at from £250,• 000 to £400,000. The house has been in ex istence only fifteen years, and was originally engaged in the South American and Mexican trade. We understand that there is little hope of much dividend being raid, as their ware houses were cleared a few days before the failure, and, by the laws of that city, a transfer ol properly, even in the contemplation ot bank ruptcy, is legal, and cannot be recovered for the benefit of the creditors. The new government have now nearly com pleted their appointments in this country. The law oflicets, have entered upon their duties. The death of Mr. Goold, Master in Chancery, has resulted in the promotion of Mr. Hatchell, Q C. This learned gentleman is well spoken of by all parties. The difficulties among the Repeal Wardens still continued; and the weekly meetings of the Association are occupied in constant bickerings, paralysing the best exertions ot the friends oi Irish freedom- The Evening Post says:—“Lord Cloncurry ha* resumed the duties of a Privy Councillor and a magistrate for all Ireland, which he had discontinued pending the reign ot Lord De Grey, of Clontarf celebrity, and the most un constitutional administration of Sir Edward Sugden. A very unpleasant affair is reported to have taken place between Sir David Roche and Mr. C. Power, M. P., which has originated in some statement which the latter gentleman had made in his place in Parliament, relative to a shot fired last spring assizes at one of the country grand jury on his way home from the city of Limerick. Liverpool Market. Liverpool, July 25. Since our circular of the 18th inst., by last steamer, there has been a very fair demand for Cotton, but scarcely equal to the quantity offer- a ing, so that the market wears rather a heavy ap r pcaranre, and if there he any change in prices it a is in favor of buyers. The quotations for fair to day aie 45 for Upland, 5d tor Mobile, and s)d for Orleans. t The sales for the week ended this evening have amounted to 36,690 bales, of which 3,500 have been taken on speculation and 3 ; 0G0 for export, v and the American descriptions consist of 6,440 i Upland at 3| a 51; 19,8"0 Orleans at 3| a 6.J; 1 7,380 Alabama and Mobile at 3< a s|, am’ 315 t Sea Island at a 17£d per lb. The import for the same time has been 60.000 bales, chiefly from the United States Trade generally at Manches t ter is in a dull and languid state and both goods j and yarns continue on the decline.. > Though the weather has been and continues rather unsettled here, it appears to have been fa vorable for the progress of the harvest in the t Southern districts, and a firthcr decline has ta , ken place in the London Corn marker, and our own is also rather lower. Western Flour 25 a ’ 26s.chiefly 25s 6.1 per bbl., and Philadelphia and Baltimore 24s a 24s Gd per bbl. Sour 22s a 22s 6<i ; Wheat 6s a 7s per 70 lbs. Indian corn, however, has advanced from the late depression in consequence of the potatoe disease having again shown itself in the growing crop in some districts in Ireland, and yellow may now be quo ted 23 a 295, and white 29 a 30s per quarter. The duty on wheat is now 6s per qr., and on flour 3s 3d per bbl. Havre, July 23. Our Cotton market closed very dull yesterday evening; the sales were only 600 bales. Hold ers seem now disposed to offer more cotton, but upon the whole the state of things remains satis factory. An accession of 3,100 bales to our stock took place by the “Cotton Planter,” from Apalachicola, and u Nestor,” from New Orleans. SATURDAY MORNING, AUG. 15, 1846. Our Mexican Relations. The message ot Mr. Polk to both Houses of Congress on the Bth inst., in reference to oar affairs with Mexico, is a singular and mysteri ous production, it is more evidently impudent than either. We do not intend now to discuss the policy, so generally believed lo prevail with the Administration, of acquiring the possession of California. The two millions of dollars, which is asked for in the message tor the avowed purpose of settling our difficulties with Mexico, may or may not have been intended to be used for corrupting influential characters in that country in order to effect the objects ol the Administration; but we do not regret the failure oi the bill, making the appropriation recom mended, as Mr. Polk did not see proper to indi cate his designs. We never had confidence in him or his advisers from the commencement ol his blind, perverse and blundering adminis tration. Ti e consistent, wise and statesmanlike conduct evinced on the Oregon question, con firmed the ground upon which our want of con fidence was placed; and the policy pursued, in this whole Mexican difficulty, has satisfied us that we could as soon trust a fanatic as the present fraudulent interloper into the Presiden tial Chair. Mr. Polk cites two precedents of appropriations of money, to justify his recom mendation. But that monej' was placed in the hands of a Jefferson—this was to be placed in 1 those of a Polk—very different characters these! In one ot the cases cited, the money was to aid in negotiations for obtaining Louisiana 1 from the French, with whom we were on friend- 1 ly terms. In the other, it was to buy a peace , from the Barbary Powers, by paying them mo ney at a time when our weakness as a nation, and our difficulties with both France and Eng land made it proper and justifiable. j We are opposed to bribing the Mexicans to ‘ peace with silver and gold. That would be 1 rather humiliating under all the circumstances ■ of the case. We are opposed to bribing the au- < thorities of Mexico to yield us California, or 1 any other part ofthe Mexican territory in viola- ! lion of the wishes of the people of that country, < and contrary to the principlesand policy of hon- - says, in bis message, that it may be con valient i and proper to pay the Mexican Government in I advance, some ot ihe money agreed to be paid ‘ by whatever treat}' might be made with her. But suppose the Senate should refuse to ratify I the treaty. It would be somewhat hazardous ’ to nay the Mexicans several millions of dollars , according to some arrangement of Mr. Polk, I dependant for its ratification upon the Senate. Mr. Polk and the Senate have disagreed upon most public measures since his unworthy oc cupation of his present station. ! But that portion of the Message which is , most barefaced and coolly impudent, is that in i which he says, “Itis my desire to terminate, as ! it was originally \.q avoid, the existing war with Mexico, by a peace just and honorable to bo h parties.” This statement is .about as truly jus tified by the facts of the case whieh show how the war was provoked, as his present effort to , buy a peace, is consistent with his declaration (while asking lor men and money for the war,) that he would a conquer a peace.” No, Mr. Polk’s glory and conquests in this unnecessary war will be too heavily freighted with debt! Mr. Polk begins lo tear that the people, after gazing upon inc piles of loss and gain, will conclude that the pile of loss is the biggest. For that reason it is extremely desir able to close the war as soon as possible, if he can bribe the Mexican rulers and cheat the peo ple into a cession of Mexican territory enough for fifteen or twenty Stales, at a comparatively small expense on the part ot the Ur.ited Slates. We do not wish to be misunderstood. We desire a peace as early as practicable; a fair and honorable peace. We do not wish to cheat orrohthe Mexicansof lheirlands. ifwemust have California, let us not get it by stealth, but by a just and honorable purchase. Western and Atlantic Railroad. —We perceive by an advertisement of C. F. M. Gar nett, Engineer, in the Rome Journal, that pro posals will be received until the 20ih inst., at Atlanta, for laying down the superstructure on this road from Oostenaula river to Cross Plains. We rejoice at this cheering prospect of an early completion of the road to Cross Plains, and we should rejoice much more, had the Legislature at ihe last session appropriated a fund sufficient lor the completion ot the road to Chattanooga, its final destination. Centenary College, Jackson, La —The in stitution, counting those of every standing, con tains 161 students. It has eight professors, in the different departments. This college s under the patronage of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is in a decidedly flourishing condition. The town of Jackson is situated twelve miles from the Mis sissippi river, and is remarkably healthy. The Gallant May.—We learn from Wash ington, and record the fact with pleasure, (says the Alexandria Gazette) that the President has conferred upon Capt. May two brevets—that of Major for former services in Florida, for which he was recommended at the lime, and that of Lieutenant Colonel forhis brilliantcharge upon the guns of the enemy at the battle of Resaca de la Palma. Ad Valorem Duties. —The Baltimore Ame rican corrects the erroneous impression sought to be created by some of the Administration journals in reference to Mr. Clay’s alleged ad vocacy of ad valorem duties. It says: •• In refering. tn Mr. Clay’s language on that subject, they omit lo make mention of the fact that a home vat u' ion was especially designated as the basis ot the ad r«. loi em system, which he tavored This, of course, changes the whole aspect of the case It it were not for the fraud ot false invoices and tor the low rates ot valuation made in foreign countries from which goods are shipped, the principle ol fixing the duty according • to the value would be a very good one In some cases where it can be applied without the danger of fraud or . evasion, as upon articles of known value, the Whigs admit it. “ But for the very reason that we have not a home > valuation, the friends of protection generally prefer specific daties With snch du'ies the whole process is ’ simple; the efficiency of the duty certain.” Latest prof Rio De Jaserio— Reported sel ‘ tkment of the difficulties intfie River Plale. — The ' bris St. Alary, Cape White, of Baltimore, ar ! rived al Boston on Wednesday evenin’, with dates from Rio de Janeiro to the SOlhJune.—- Captain White says: h was reported at Rio , Janeiro that the English Packet arrived on the r 18th, and brought out a settlement of the river . dispute. British Annexation.—The principle upon which the British government proceeds in its pro cess of acquisition in India seems to be capable of indefinite extension. The Foreign Quarterly Re view thus announces it: “We have received the most legitimate provoca tion—we have been dragged against our will into hostilities, and we ought by no means, therefore, to suffer hypocrisy aud intrigue to blunt the edge of our just resentment, and preventour proceed ing at once to the annexation of the Punjaub. It is a very absurd kind of reasoning to infer from the extent of our dominious in India, that wc ought not to enlarge them. Our empire never can be said to have reached its proper develop ment, till all obvious sources of disturbance and troubles shall, as far as possible, have been closed up. In these matters there is no question of enough, or too much, apart from the paramount considera tion of what will suffice to insure to us the undis turbed government of all the country. Our limits will always be too confined, till we have left no room in India for the disturbers of public peace, great or small. This the country should bear in mind, and not suffer itself, by the mere show of moderation and forbearance, to be allured into the preservation of an inexhaustible source of insur rection, anarchy, and civil war, in the kingdom of Lahore.” Each succeeding act of absorption will render further acquisitions necessary, until there shall be no frontier nations to endanger the tranquillity of British territory. The presence of Russian in fluence may be found, if further progress is made towards Persia, to be a more formidable obstacle to British exteusion than any it has yet encounter ed. Great efforts are making to procure subscrip tions to the stock of a company organized for the purpose of connecting Cleveland, Ohio, and Pittsburg, Pa., by a railroad. The Cleveland Herald says: “The right of way for about five-eights of the line is secured by proper re leases, and thus far by gift. Still farther re leases are promised, and a disposition is mani fested alongthe line in the interior, which speaks well for the liberality of the people and the suc cess of the enterprise. Subscriptions have been made to the stock to the amount of one hundred thousand dollars, less a fraction, and assurances have been made that more stock will be taken by those who have already subscribed.” Here be Truths.—Mr. Brownson hit off the radical or locoloco portion of the democratic party when he spoke of them ir. the following language, which is, indubitably, English, and every man can understand it. He says: “ When I find men who are steeped in cor ruption, gorged with the spoils of the people, holding themselves up as the especial friends of the people, and loud in their advocacy of the democratic theory, and in their condemnation of all who question its soundness, 1 am irresis tibly led to the beliet that there is something in theory itself peculiarly favorable lo the prose cution ot their corrupt designs, and I want no better evidence to assure me of its utter hostili ty to the legitimate ends of government. What we want is not windy professions about liberty and equality, noisy rant andirothy declamations about democracy, but subs!antial freedom, how ever secured, for each individual to perform, without let or hindrance, his especial functions in the social body, whether it be the functions of the head, ofthe hand, orol the foot. Thereat ene mies of Hus substantial freedom are your demo cratic politicians, who with their lips praise the veople, and with their hands pick their pockets, or those who act the jackals lo their dainty chiefs, who are too exalted to plunder excepl by prom, ft is because democracy affords an ample fi-ld to these political spoilsmen that 1 chiefly distrust it, and demand the preservation of our constitu tionalism as some protection against them ot the massthej’ flatter and plunder.” “ lie’ll back out, Mr. Speaker,—He’ll back out, Sir.” Such was the prediction of John Quincy Adams, when the President first announced his lolty pretensions in regard to Oregon, declaring that our right to the boundary of 54° 40’ was “clear and unquestionable," and his unchangea ble determination, by the aid ot Congress, to enforce that boundary and never to yield one inch of the soil below it. Judicious men all over the country lamented this exhibition of Executive ignorance and folly. They knew that our title to the boundary claimed was not “clearjand unquestionable,” they feared that the country was to be plunged into an unnecessary and unjust war; that her resources were to be eui i upled u-ufiftrvt ix>r- W more than questionable right. They lo ex pressed themselves in Congress. They en deavored to arouse the country to a sense of the danger and the wrong which was threatened. But above all their expostulations and appre hensions rose the calm voice of the sagacious experienced manot Massachusetts— “He'llback out, Mr. Speaker—he'll back out, sir'." He has backed out, and with instinciive meanness he has selected that mode ot backing which was least creditable to himself and most treacherous to his friends. Without any notice to the men who were committed with him to the line of 54“ 40', while Mr. Allen was splitting his throat and tearing the skin from his fingers in defence of the Executive pretensions, lie sends in a treaty for the settlement of the boundaiy, on the terms which he had declared were dishonor able and pusillanimous. Now we have no disposition to blame Mr. Polk for an act which, in itself, is one of the lew judicious measures which he has taken in reference to our foreign relations. We have more than once manifested our disposition to render to him all the credit that can be justly claimed lor any of his acts, and in this case we should be quite willing to leave any strictures upon the mode in which he has done it, to the indignation ot the friends whom lie has betray ed and deserted. But the official organ ofthe government, as stupid as it is sycophantic, can not allow even the most discreditable acts of Mr. Polk to pass without calling upon thepeo ple for their especial admiralion. It cannot be made to comprehend that there are some things of which the less that is said the better, but it daily flatters Mr. Polk with praise tor his last act, be that act what it may. The ink is scarce ly dry with which it lauded Mr. Polk for his unflinching steadiness upon the line of 54“ 40', when it equally compliments him for the pru denceand discretion with which hecompromises upon 43° —nay, more, it copies with approba tion a toadying article from a Pennsylvanian paper, complimenting Mr. Polk upon having outwitted the British government by a trick which would be scarcely creditable in a tin ped lar. According to the Pennsylvanian, as en dorsed bv the Union—- “Upto the day of Mr. Polk’s inauguration, the pretensions ot the Cabinet at Washington never extended beyond the 49th degree, and the Cabinet ot St. James has unqualifiedly repelled these pretensions. Mr. Polk has, indeed, talk ed 0t54 40; that was the tactic which demand ed the whole that it might obtain a. part. No one has ever considered these to have been his real views, especially of late, since the discus sions of the Senate have enlightened the pub lic.” , , Here is a confession for the organ of the Go vernment to make in the face of the world! To hold the President up as a huckster, naming a large price when he intended to take a smaller one. When next the President shall make a solemn declaration ol the foreign policy which he intends to pursue, when next he shall mark out the ground upon which he has determined to take his stand, the question will rise to every lip—does he mean what he says, or is he talk ing for effect? Will he stand by his word or will he back out?—Providence Journal. Col. Balie Peyton.—We were informed, at the time the news ot the disbanding of ihe Louisiana Volunteers reached this city, that Col. Peyton would not return with his regiment to the United States. He went upto Matamo ros shortly afterwards, and joined Gen. Tay- I lor’s staffjas a volunteer aid. Since then we have been told that he has been elected Lieu tenant Colonel of one of the superb volunteer regiments from Tennessee. Col. Peyton’s Louisiana regiment, the National Guards,con sisted of companies from the interior parishes of the State, and a nobler band of citizen sol diers we have never seen. They-have been sent home; but we believe all of them will be glad to learn of the success of their late com mander in attaining a post of responsibility and distinction in a regiment from his native Slate. We predict for him a career ot useful ness and honor. Our congratulations for his recent good fortune is mixed with condolence tor an affliction of the severest character. He is a brother of Ihe late Col. Randolph Peyton, whose melancholy death is chronicled else where.— Picayune. The Albatross—A correspondent of the New York Journal of Commerce, writing from on board the U S Frigate Congress, off Cape Hern, says: “ But of all the objects of nature here the most interesting is the albatross. This noble bird re sembles in size and shape, the swan. The: body is white as the driven snow ; the wings black as the raven’s. The head has the boldness of the eagle s, the eve the same flashing defiance. Their wing* are loo’ large and arching ; upon these they balance themseTves like the hawk, and without once stri king the air, sweep through their vast circuits. They voyage hundreds of miles at sea; and out of that great element obtain their food. We cap tured oneby means of a hook, which was baited,at tached to a long line, and buoyed. by a cork. As we drew him toward the ship, his female com panion followed close at his side; and when we lifted him in, she still hung around the ship. Ha v ing gratified our curiosity, we let him go,when she flew to him with the liveliest expression of joy. What a lesson to those who forsake a trend in ad versity,” » MONDAY MORNING. AUGUST 17, 1810. f Congressional Nominations. The Whigs of the 3d Congressional District have nominated Dr. Jones of Pike county, as • their candidate against the Hon. G. W. B. 1 Towns. • The Democrats ot the 7th District have nomi nated Wm. Turner, Esq., of Putnam county, in opposition to the Hon. A. If Stephens. Cotton Manufactures —The reader is referred to the Communication of “P.,”iu this day's paper, for some interesting tacts on this important sub ject. The writer is well versed in the practical operation of the business,and his statements may, therefore, be relied on as authentic. He is no theorist on this subject—his facts are drawn from actual transactions,and arc therefore worthy cf consideration. North Carolina Election. The Whigs will see in the noble conduct of their brethren in the Old North State, everything to cheer and animate them. It is now evident that Mr. Haywood’s views of the wishes of the people of his State, were not erroneous.— This splendid triumph shows what the devoted Whigs of North Carolina think ofa preference of British over American interests. It indicates also, the impressions made upon the public mind by the course ot the Administration in its conduct of our national affairs. We honestly believe, that if not unpopular as yet, as Mr. Tyler’s was, it will become more so before its close, and will leave behind as symbols of its existence, general misfortune, and the universal execrations of the people. In the last Legislature ot North Carolina, the parties were tied in the Senate. Hence, though the Whigs had a majority of more than twenty in the House, their measures could be defeated in the Senate. They will now have it in their power to accomplish them. We get two Whig Senators of course. Prophecy not Fulfilled. The Raleigh Register quotes as below from the Standard, and accompanies it with a piece of dry wit that may make the Standard a little more cautious hereafter. There is some diffe rence between Graham’s being defeated by a “signal majority” and getting elected by a ma jority of eight to ten thousand votes: From the Standard. Our candidate for Governor, “ will not only very materially assist in carrying the Legislature, bul will de feat Gov. Graham by a signal majori ty. Let the Register mark this prediction, and let that paper remember to put it down as it is on the first Thursday ot August.” We shall endeavor to oblige the “Standard,” and pul it down as it is, but we suspect that that paper would prefer seeing it as it is not. Senator Haywood. Washington letter writers say that Mr. Hay wood has threatened to meet the abuse which has been so freely heaped upon him for his resig nation ot his seat tn the Senate, by “showing up”the proceedings of the “ party” in reference ' to the British tariff bill. We have no doubt it would be a racy affair. It is said he will show ' that itdid not originate with the Committee of ' Ways and Means who reported it, and that no ' alteration or amendment was made or offered to it—without a whisper from the palace and its purlieus. We are anxious to sec the docu- ( men*. Mr. Haywood has been badly treated, and he will be apt to trench as far as honor will permit, upon the doings of the innocents. We hope his spirit of indignation will be huge enough to prompt him to serve his country by the expose. It is said that this patriotic gentleman did not return iuimediulcly io Iris lioiue in Pennsylva- , nia after the adjournment of Congress, preferring | to spend some time first at some watering place ; in Virgina. We have no doubt his recent . course on thetarifl, will meet with more sym- , pathy in Virginia that at his home. We hope, , however, he is really notairaid to return. The Whigs would treat him civilly we know. But , the Democrats! Ah, there’s the rub! How would they receive their brother—Vice-President , —democratic Dallas? Perhaps he can cheat , them again! | Governor Graham. i Let the Whigs give honor to Gov. Graham I for his gallant bearing in the recent canvass.— i The Raleigh Register, in bearing testimony to ] the efforts of this noble champion ot Whig i principles, says: | “ Personally, Gov. Graham had nothing to i gain by success,and il he could have consulted • his wishes, would, gladly, no doubt, have de clined a re-election. But, selected by his party ' to be its standard bearer, he magnanimously i discarded all personal considerations of ease and emolument, and thtew himself in the breach, — , Abandoning the comforts ot home, he has tra versed every parrot the State, to defend Whig principles, and furnish the friends ot the cause with arguments to maintain their ground. He has his reward in the approval of a clear con science, and the heart-felt verdict of his fellow citizens in his favor.” ' We say, honor to Gov. Graham and the true-hearted Whigs of North Carolina! Military Court of iNauiRY. —We learn from the Norfolk Beacon that Gen. Gaines con cluded his defence before the Court on Monday evening, and that the finding ot the Court was sealed on Tuesday morning and despatched to the head of the War Department at Washing ton. The concluding part of the defence of the gallant old soldier occupies four columns of the Beacon. The last accounts from Fort Leavenworth, state that Capt. Al len (now Lieut. Col.) had ar rived there with the five hundred Mormon vol unteers. They were to leave with all possible despatch to join Gen. Kearney. Steam Frigate for Peru.—The Journal of Commerce says that two captains in the Peru vian navy have arrived at that port to engage for the construction ot a steam frigate. George King, junior partner ot the house of Holt & Co., extensive Flour dealers and Gro cers in New York, has absconded, having col lected bills and borrowed money on the credit of the firm, to the extent of near twenty thousand dollars. W. M. Price, of New-York, whom the reader will recollect was Mr. Van Buren’s Swartouting District Attorney, committed sui cide the other day. Dying from Home.—The following is an extract from the Memoirs of the Rev. Mr. Thatcher, a distinguished clergyman ol Boston, who died some years since on the continent ol Europe, whither he had repaired lor the benefit ot his health; “ It is a sad thing to think that we must die away from our home. Tell notthe invalid who is vearning after a distant country, that the at mosphere around him is soft, and the gales are filled with balm, and the flowers are springing from the green earth: he knows that the softest air to his heart, would be the air which hangs over his native land; that more gratefully than ail the gales of the South, would breathe the low whispers of anxious affections: that the verv icicles clinging to bis own eaves, and the snow beating against his own windows, would be far more pleasing to his eyes, than the bloom and verdure which only more forcibly remind him how lar he is from ihatspot whichisdearer to him than all the world beside. He may in deed find estimable friends who will do all in their power to promote his comfort and assuage his pains; but they cannot supply the place of the long known and mute language of his face; they have not learned to communicate without hesitation, his wishes, impressions and thoughts to them. He leels that he is a stranger, and a more desolate feeling than that could not visit his soul. How much is expressed by that form of oriental benediction — may you die among your kindred.” Secret for a Farmer’s Wife. — While the milking of your cowsis going on, let your pans be placed in a kettle of boiling water. Strain the milk into one of these hot pans, and proceed in a like manner with the whole mess of milk ; and . vou will find that you will have double the quanti ty of good rich cream, and that you will get dou ble the quantity of sweet, delicious butter. VOL.X.-NO. 34. , For the Chronicle Sentinel. Manufacture of Cotton. Messrs. Editors:—As thesubject oi Manu facturing Cotton is beginning to attract the at tention ot the Southern public, and as the South (particularly our own State) is admirably adapt ed to this branch of industry, perhaps a tew facts, Illustrative of its profits, may be favor ably received by at least a portion of your nu merous readers. With your permission, then, 1 will give as briefly as may be done, some of the most striking results, with the hope that they may be instrumental at least in exciting in quiry. This, I feel almost sure, will be the means ot bringing into active and beneficial ex ercise, a part ol the vast amount of labor, capi tal and natural resources of our State, now un employed, or il employed, not very profitably. The results here presented may be realized by a company organized with a capital ot $75,- 000. With $50,000 invested in the necessary buildings and machinery, and the remainder in stock, and to pay the operatives and incidental expenses for one year As yet, but little Warp or Twist has been made at the South finer than No. 12, because the home demand seldom requires it. For the Northern market Warp as fine as No. SO would be required. Numbers from sto 12, inclusive, conttitule the home demand, and ot these, Nos. 8 and 10 are mostly wanted, in the proportion ol two to one. These numbers, suitably as sorted for market, and well baled up, command in this market 17 cents per pound, when the Cotton, of which it is made, is worth, in round bales, 7 cents per pound. In the present infant state ot the business at the South, the price ot the Warp is more affected by the price of Cotton than bj* competition. In an establishment, with the capital above stated, the warp can be spun at a cost of not more than two cents per pound, (and, undercer tain circumstances, for less ;) the cost of card ing being three-fourths of a cent per pound, and the cost of spinning one cent and one-fourth per pound. Various causes prevent there being always a full supply of hands; and these cal culations are based on an average business, not on a full factory. Again, in a rightly conduct ed establishment, the wages of each superln tendant will be high, (taking it for granted that none but the best will be tolerated,) and as one could superintend a room much larger than ihose on which 1 am basing my calculations, it follows that the cost will be a traction less than that estimated. Let me illustrate: A room containing 20 cards will cost some $240 per month, SSO ot which goes to the superintendant. The work done in twelve hours would be, say 1,400 lbs., which is very heavy. Now, 10 more eards added would yield 50 per cent, more work, but the cost of the room would be only about 37J per cent. more. Hence, (so that the room is not too large,) the larger the room the less is the expense in proportion. To proceed. The amount of Cotten requir ed would be about 300,000 pounds, but as 10 per cent, is generally allowed for waste, only 270,000 pounds of warp would be made. We have now the amount invested, the cost ot stock, the cost of manufacturing, and the worth of the manufactured article. Let us count up the year’s business: Dll. To sni’nt invested in buildings And machineiy.<so,ooo “ amount paid lor 300.000 lbs. cotton at 7 eta*. 21,000 “ “ •* “ spinning27o,ooo lbs. warp at -cents per lb 5,400 '* interest on <76,400 I year at 7 per cent.. 5,316 #31,743 CR Bypr.qcMikPlJ4794XO.yw- —**■-• It will be observed that the cotton tor the whole year is charged, and the interest on it, by which it is presented in its most unfavorable aspect; because a six months supply would be all sufficient, front the fact that many goods would be sold for cash within that time, and at the expiration of it the six months paper for which the warp had been sold would be falling due. The above statement is applicable to sales effected at home. As before remarked, finer numbers will be required for the Northern mar ket. As less will be made, less cotton will be required ; and the finer the number the greater the cost of production ; because the same pow er, same number of spindles, and same labor produces less. The cost attending the transpor tation and sale, also diminishes the per cent profit. Hence, ihe competition will be, at pre sent, for the possession ot a home market. Those who manufacture the best warp will se cure this advantage. As there is always agood demand in New York and Philadelphia, the inexpert would prefer paying profits there, to ruinous competition here. The cost ot spinning a No. 8 is two cents per round; as it takes twice as long to spin a No. 16, (which is near the average ot what is suita. ble tor the Northern market, it will cost four cents per pound to spin a No. 16. This num. ber is worth at this time in New York 18 cents per pound. The following statement will show the result of this operation : DR. Building* and machinery#W.ooO 150,000 lbs. Conan at 7 cents 10.500 Manufacturing 135,000 lbs. warp al 4 cent*.• «<e. •’•4ou Interest 0n565,9(X) one year at7 per cent 4,613 •70,513 Hales 135,000 lbs. warp at 18 cent Reduct expensea al 2 cents per pound. * Nett proceeds (Which is upwatds of 30 per cent, profit on amount invested and intereat paid.) The first statement presents the business in its most favorable results, and the last in its most unfavorable. A mixed business of warp and osnaburgs would pay less than the former, and more than the latter. As it costs nearly or quite two cents per pound to weave osnaburgs, and as they will bring only that much more in the most animated state ofthe market, the addi tional price obtained will barely repay the addi tional expense incurred, and the interest on the capital invested in the machinery required. A card of 30 inches can easily turn off 60 lbs. every twelve hours, and, pushed, can turn off 70 lbs.; but this is too much. As this is the most important stage in the process oi manuiactiir. ing, particular attention should bp had that the cards be kept well ground and cleaned, not over tasked, and under the care of a person every way qualified, and perfect master of his business. A throstle at an easy speed can turn off about 80 or 90 lbs. per day, of No. 8, which, as before stated, is nearly the average of marketable num bers tor the home consumption. A loom can turn off about 35 yards per day with ease, ot the common No. 5 osnaburgs, weighing half a pound to the yard. The amount, and the quality of the work, materially depend upon the speed at which the machine is driven If the cards are worked be yond their powers, the cotton is badly carded, and tull ot motes; and it the throstles are dri ven at a high speed, the yarn receives less twist, and having less strength inconsequence, more frequently breaks in weaving. It is doubtless true, that where ihe speed is highest, the profits are the greatest for the time betng, be cause of the greatly increased amount of work done lor the same money. But, on the othsr hand, it is also true, that very high speed jars ihe building, shatters Ihe machine, and causes the throstle to have a fluttering motion, which is injurious to ihe warp, and the machine sooner becomes unservicable, so that it must be repla ced by a new one at a much earlier period. The best warp will inevitably command the home market, and that it is to the interest ofthe manufacturer to use every exertion to secure this market, is placed beyond all cavil by the two statements presented. Before leaving the subject, I must call atten tion to one other item, which is of material tm nortance, although it is but a small part ofthe
