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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 183?-1864 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 15, 1848)
2 Correspondence of the N. Y. Observer . A Female Ltrdyard In Persia* Letter from the Rev. J. Perkins. Oroomiah, Persia, Aug. 3, 1848. A few evenings ago a knock at the door of our mission premises was soon followed by the quick step of a native, who came to Dr. Wright with the statement that there stood in the street a woman, who knew no language, and was en tirely unattended except by a Koordish mule teer. A moment afterward another native came with the additional statement: “the lady is dressed in English clothes, and says, in your language, will you give me a little water?*' Dr. Wright, whose curiosity and astonishmentcou d hardly be otherwise than highly excited, by the announcement of a lady in European costume, speaking English, in the street, at night, and* mattended. in this remote, barbarous land, where the appearance of a European man is a thing of very rare occurrence, soon had occu lar proof of what his ears were so reluctant to admit—a bona fide European lady standing before him, having a letter for Mr. Stocking, from an acquaintance of his at Mosul, which introduced to us Madam Pfeiffer, of Vienna, who had performed the circuit of the word, thus far, alone, and was now hastening toward Who. then, is Madam Pfeiffer ? She is a Ger man lady, fifty years old, of great intelligence and most perfect accomplishments, and to ap pearance thoroughly sane on every subject,™ less it be her style of travelling, which is at least somewhat peculiar. Madam Pfeiffer, in® her husband and her two sons, (one of them an officer of government, and the other an artist,) about two years ago started on her tour around the world. An aged gentleman of her acquaintance accompanied her some time ; but finding that she was obliged to pro tect him, she left him, and proceeded alone.— From Europe. Madam Pfeiffer went to Brazil, where she admired the brilliant flowers and the magnificent forests more than almost any thing else that she has seen, and where she came very near being murdered by a black rutfiau, who attempted to rob her. She still carries scars of the wounds then received, but states with evident satisfaction, that she had cut ofi three of his fingers in self-defence, when seve ral persons providentially came to her rescue Sne had intended to cross the continent from Rio to the Pacific ocean ; bnt finding things in too disordered a state to admit of it, she took passage in a sailing vessel at Rio, in which she doubled Cape Horn, and went to Chili; and after a short stay at Valparaiso, she took pas sage in another vessel for Tahiti, where she made an agreeable visit, among the mementos of which she has Queen Pomare’s autograph From Tahiti our heroine traveller proceeded to China where she visited several of the points most accessible to foreigners, mingling socially with the missionaries there, whom she men tions familiarly by name, as Dr. Bridgeman. Dr. Ball. Mr Gulzlaff. &c.; the autograph of the last namedshe has in Chinese. One of the strongest impressions which she seems to have brought from the “Celestial Empire,” is the imminent insecurity of foreigners at Canton From China, Madam Pfeiffer went to Calcut ta ; and from that city travailed overland, a cross British India, to Bombay, passing through a great variety of incidents, and ad ventures on the way, and holding much pleas ant intercourse with Protestant missionaries, (though herselfborn and educated a Catholic,) at various stations, and of different nations. — From Bombay, Madam I*, went in a steamer to Bussorah; and thence in another steamer to Bagdad ; and from Bagdad she travelled in comptny with a caravan up to Mosul, as a me mento of which place she has a sculptured fig lire of the human head, taken from the ruins of ancient Nineveh. From Mosul she cross ed the formidable Koordish mountains to Oroo miah, a caravan journey of twelve days, (but protracted in her case, by tedious delays, to twenty days.) in company with a Koordish muleteer, on a route of greater exposure, hu manly speaking, than any other she has tra veiled during her circuit of the world. After a visit of one day with us. Madam P. hastened »»n toward Tobreez. intending to go thence through Georgia to Tiflis. and thence a cross the Caucasus, through European Russia, to Vienna, hoping to reach her home about the first of November. The adventurous circum stances of Pfeiffer, during many parts of tier tour, invest itwith (lie most romantic and thril ling interest Think, for instance in her pas sage across the wild Koordish mountains, of a savage Koord, pointing to the tassel on the Turkish fez (cap) she wore, to which he took a fancy, and demanding it of her by the siguiti can gesture of drawing Ins iiaod across his throat—meaning, of course, “Give me the tassel as you value your head;” and she in turn repelhngthe demand by gestures, unable to speak to him a word orally, in any language he could understand. Through many such adventures she made her way safely to Oroo iniah. carrying about her person a large sum of money, (by accidental necessity rather than choice.) over the wild regions of Koordistau in a manner which seems to us truly marvellous Her practical motto is, never betray fear; and to her strict adherence to that she expresses herself as greatly indebted for her success in travelli > On the road. Madam Pfeiffer in these regions wears the large veil, concealing most of the person, which is commonly worn here by native females, when they go abroad, and rides astride, as they also ride, hut her other garments, (with the exception of the Turkish cap above named.) are sufficiently European in appearance to distinguish her from natives, ller language, on the way, in these lauds, is wholly the language of signs, dictated by ne cessity, and which she seems often to have made very expressive. On the lust day's ride, before reaching Oroomiah, for instance, the stage being two ordinary stages, and the mule teer, at one time, proposing to hall till the next day, she would rest her head upon her hand, as fWcrcp. timl repent Oroomiah ; and when the muleteer.from regard to his tired horses, still insisted on halting, she added tears to her gestures; and the obstinate Koord's heart, according to his own statement, was then ir esistihlv subdued—so much so that he went promptly and cheerfully. Her helplessness and dependence, on well known principles, did much, doubtless, at once to win for her kindness, among the bloody Koords. and ward off danger. Madam P has, however, intrinsic elements of a good traveller. Though she had ridden on the days she reached Oroomiah, al most incessantly, from 1 o'clock, A. M., till 8 o’clock P M , at the wearisome rate of a cara van. over a very dry hot, dusty region, a dis tance of near sixty miles, still on her arrival she seemed little tired—was buoyant and cheer ful as a lark, (which is probably her habitual temperament,) and was quite ready the next duy (the only day she stopped with us,) to take a pleasure ride on Ml. Seir. Madam P. occupies hut a single horse on her journey; her small trunk being slung on one side of the animal, and her scanty bed on the other, and she riding between them, ller fare on the road, moreover, is extremely sun pie—consisting of little more than bread and milk—a regimen not more convenient to the traveller, on the score ol economy, than con ducive, as she says, to her health, and certainU to her serenity. To those who may be curi oiis in regard to the expenses of her tour a round the world, 1 may lepent her statement, that she had expended, when here, just about one thousand dollars. A passion for travel i the ruling motive that carries Madam Pfeiffer so cheerfully and courageously through all liei manifold hardships and perils. She. however has minor objects, tuanes large collections of insects ami flowers. She is already an author of some celebrity, having published a work on Iceland, am! another on Syria and the Holy Laud, the fruits of her earlier travel; and the copious notes and observations which she is making, during her tour round the globe, will, of course, in due time he given to the world “A small affair.'* she pertinently remarked, “would it have been forme to sail aronml the world, as many have done; it is my land jour neys that render my tour a great undertaking, and invest it with interest.” Madam I*, express ed her purpose, after visiting heme, resting a while, of taking North America in her next lour. Probably this female Ledyard will meet with some in our native land, under whose eyes this notice may fall : if so. we would bespeak for her their kind offices, and pledge them in return.a rare entertainment in her acquaint ance. As ever, very truly yours. J. Perkins. Franklin • Kentiiig Place. “Such was his worth, his loss was such, " e cannot lore too well, or grieve 100 much.” fn one cittner of the burying grou uJ, be**t know as Christ’s Church yard. Philadelphia, repose the remains of the philosopher Frank lin. On entering the yard from Arch-street, at tention will unavoidably be directed to Ins hum ble tomb by a well-trodden path which leads from the gate to the marble slab which bears the simple inscription, which will at once strike the beholder with wonder, viz: *• Benjamin an*i Oeborah Franklin." ' With wonder, I say. because we are accus tomed to see the atones covering the tenements of great men inscribed with eulogiuttis: but the one we are now beholding has nothing but the words above quoted, and the year in which it was placed there. And this is the grave of a man who might once have been seen, a runaway boy. in the streets of Philadelphia, seeking employment as a printer: and again, as editor and proprietor of the Tinted States Gasette. long so ably con ducted by Mr. Chandler. Once ir> ing experi ments with a simple paper kite : again astonish ing the world with the discoveries made through its instrumentality. Once in Knglutid as a de ceived journeyman printer; again as Minister irom an Independent Keptibiic. Once in his workshop as a laboring mechanic: again in the halls ol Legislation, advocating the cause of freedom, and urging an oppressed people to rise ami drive the British Lion from our forests. Yes. he was one of those who signet! away their lives, fortunes and honors, if necessarv for the welfare of their leliow-citizeos. But all this could uot save him from the hand of I death. Though the Philosopher and the States- ‘ man must lie as low as the less favored, vet the circumstances connected with the lives of those ) whose motto was “ non stbi std patrw." pos- ' ses# charms which all can appreciate and all love to cherish. \\ e read his name on the marble slab—ponder over bis virtues, and mourn his loss, as of a dear friend. We stand around his grave, and think how many have gazed with reverence upon that stone, and our eye* become tixed upon ii as though tt possess ed an endearing charm \\ e look hack on his bte and deeds, and when we remember that a ! nation wept wheu Franklin died, we cannot retrain from dropping a tear over hi* last abode No towering monument rear* , s head above the Ciouds where the firs: t eams of tin* rwing aun will gild his name . but that name i- m scribed m characters not ea*< v to be erased on every liberty loving heart, and so long as Philosophy continues to be a science, benevo ieoco a virtue, and Jibe tv the w atch word of the American people, w .1 his memory be che r shed. and his name be hone red — Baptist Rtc. VranowT UsMLAnKK. —The Legislature of Vermont, in Joint A**emb2y. made the foi lowiag appoieunents ca Thursday last: Chief Jueuce of the Supreme C*»urt. Stephen Roxer. Assistant Justicev Isaac F. Keddeld. Milo L. Bennett. Daniel Keiiog. aud Hu and Hail. Augusta, ©a.: MONDAY MORNING, NOV. 13, 1848. Groans of tire Wounded' “The Northern Democrats who have hitherto been faithful to Southern rights —the trueallies and «nen< 8 of the South —can no longer be calculated on lo e " friend us. We have repudiated their Northern can didate. always a staunch friend of the South .n times of trial and need, and thus may have lost friends we may need again in.many a » fe „ f rom slavery question, we Have ever) 5 Northern and we are convinced that the time in rapidly baso ning to the grand l*ue when Southern Whigs wilt tnoorn too late their fatal alh aocc with Norihern -htggery, in whoae fell embrace .Southern Whigs and Southern Democrats alike will Ue ruthlessly strangled and trampled by it under foot unless we unite fraternally and resist the com lllOfJ enemy a< becomes freemen.—Constitutionalist. What a pity that the writer of the above could not have felt a little of the “ fraternal unity” which he now commends, a few months ago, when he regarded Georgia as chained se curely to the car ol Polk, Cass and Company ? Then, bitter denunciations, gross personalities and the charge of “ treasonable sympathies” and designs, were his choicest arguments a gainst the election of the illustrious Planter of Louisiana. Now, how changed is the tone and temper of the Constitutionalist ? It is still however in darkness and error. It is still cher ishing false notions of Northern Democrats and Whigs, and of the true interests of the South. Let us examine its statements a litfle in detail, and discover if we can the benefits to accrue, if we credit and follow this blind guide.— Speaking of “ Northern Democrats” our neigh bor says: “ We have repudiated their Northern candidate , always a staunch friend of the South in times of trial and need, and thus may have lost friends we may need again in many a sore emergency.” We hold that no party can long prosper in the middle of the 19th century, in this country, whose leading organs lack to a degree, either common intelligence, or common honesty. Is there either in the assertion that Lewis Cass of Michigan, (who wasone of the active origi nators of the famous Proviso introduced into Congress by David Wilmot, and who “ prays for the abolition of slavery every where”) has “ always been a staunch friend of the South ?” Untruths so palpable and stupid, instead of building up a party, and aiding to its can didates, operate to defeat the one and disgrace the other. The Constitutionalist mourns over the al leged “loss of Northern Democratic friends that we may need again in many a sore emer gency.” Cass was substantially the candidate of the old Hunkers—the Anti-VAN Buren men —of the State of N«»w York. This political faction of distinguished spoils hunters, are “ the true allies and friends of the South,” on whom Southern Democrats have been taught to rely. Well, suppose Georgia and the other slave holding States had rejected Gen. Taylor, (the honest Southerner) because Northern Whigs were willing to support him ? Where among the thirty four representatives in Congress cho sen in the State of New York on the 7th in staiit,will the Constitutionalist find one Polk or Ca«s man elected ? Pour years ago the Em pire State gave her 36 electoral votes for James K. Polk. Now, so badly have Polk and Cass conducted our national affairs, that 50(1.000 electors in New York have returned 33 Taylor Whigs arid one Van Buren free soil man in the district where Silas Wright re sided. Verily, Lewis Cass is exceedingly popular in a commonwealth which has but a fraction less than 12,000 Free Schools and public Li braries! We Georgians have been rash in deed to ‘ repudiate their fa corite candidate lor the Presidency !” Our prophetic neighbor vaticinates after this fashion: “ We are convinced that the time is rapidly hastening to the grand issue, when Southern Whigs will mourn too late their fatal alliance with Northern Whiggery,” &c. This sinister prediction is wholly gratuitous. President Polk, it is true, has got the country into a sectional difficulty of some moment; but there is enough of wisdom and patriotism in the Whig party of the South, North, East and West, to settle this Polk conflict, without a sacrifice of interest or principle in either sec tion. The peace, union and prosperity of the whole Republic will be the aim and end ol President Taylor’s administration. In this pol icy he will be nobly upheld by all good men of all parties. Those that deceive themselves in to the belief that they can turn the unhappy sectional controversies of the day, which have been generated through ihe' mal administration of the Federal Government, to some political, or personal account, will live to sec how little they knew of public sentiment. The immense vote of the North in the six New England States, in New York. Pennsylvania and New Jersey, freely given for one of the largestslave holders in all the South, indicates anything but a narrow prejudice against our peculiar insti tution. Fanatics and demagogues in both quarters of the Union can do their worst to excite the pug nacious feelings of our common nature; they may meet, talk, resolve an 1 print wfiat they please; it all will but serve to illustrate the in telligence, forbearance and ** fraternal unity” of the American people,—not of fifteen States at war with fifteen—but of thirty Slates united and happy in spite of treasou and of traitors. The Hero of Buena Vista is the man for the times. Providence has raised him up at this juuiture, for a great and benevolent purpose. liatlroail* in England* From the London Times . According to a table which appeared in our \ esterday’s columns, on die authority of a well known correspondent, railway bills have been passed authorizing an expenditure of £326,- *•43.217 Os this, the amount nominally raised •r called, up to the end of last month, is £195,- 317.106, leaving liabilities still resting on the public to the amount of £ 131,326.111. A pro perty of that enormous amount, comparable to the Government Stocks in its magnitude and its social bearings, ought to lie as intelligible and as free from violent fluctuations as the pub lic spirit and intelligence can render it. Any extensive depreciation of private property is »ure to prove a universal disaster; and even an exaggeration of its value will lead to mis chievous results. It is the former evil under which we are now suffering. A property up on which nearly two hundred million pounds have been sunk, and which two or three years since had that value in the market, now stands at only half. Its owners have lost altogether near a hundred millions. Unfortunately the greatest part of them are not in a condition to hold on to tfie shares and to think only of the dividend. They are obliged to sell, and all tite more because their property is becoming less saleable. It is, then, scarcely possible to over estimate the mass of ruin and misery which so great a depreciation must represent Railway speculations in England, resulting in the loss of nearly one hundred million pounds; or five times as many dollars, have operated to check the manufacture of cotton goods, and lessen the demand for, and con«ump tion of our great staple. According to the Times . as above quoted, the railway liabilities still resting on the public amount to £131.326.- 111; equa'.to more than six hundred millions of dollars. Most of this slim must be paid to avoid a total forfeiture of still larger amounts already invested. Is there no way in which the cotton growers of this country can become less de pendent on the ups and downs of railroad speculators and vehement revolutionists in Eu rope, for the sale of this important crop ? Is it truly wise for us of the South to remain forever the manacled rural colonies of Great Britain? Must we ever wear out our virgin soils so long as they yield 100 pounds of cotton per acre, and maKeno effort to encourage mechani cal industry; or introduce a better system of agriculture ? To meet in conventions, “resolve” and re-re soive. will amount to nothing. Well-consider ed change, well-directed action . not high-sound ing resolutions and windy speeches, are the things which will tell in favor of Southern pros perity. Good works, not line words, will im prove our condition. Thc Abolition Candidate. —The Aboli tionists of the Western Reserve, Ohio, went al most in a body for Mr. Cass, and thereby se cured to him the electoral votes of that great Stale. We have reason to believe that Bir nky. who did so much tor Polk in 1544. has labored faithfully to give Michigan to Mr. Cass* The reader will recollect what the Cleveland Plaindenler said of him and against Gen. Tay lor. A strong association that, which brings South Carolina. Birsey and Giddings to work cordially together in a common purpose to de feat the election of an honest And capable South erner to the Presidency, because he is a slave holder * Later ik. m Bi'eno* Ayr.es. — Accounts to September iHh. sav * Uiat Rosas had taken of* fence at the conduct of the Sardinian charge d atr*. r c* and ordered him to leave Lite country wuhsu ihirtv dtv*.. After the capture of Colci maby the Buenos A> reans. the intrusive go vernment and the foreign armed rabble in Mon tevideo apear to have become seriously alarm ed iest President Onbe should »!orui the town. They have accordingly applied to the French for assistance, and Admiral Le Predour. com plying w ;h their request, has caused several of m« vessels to uke up positions nearer shore so as :o be able to fire upon tde besiegers in the event ol an attach ; and has. besides, landed all of his disposable marines, in order to rein force the lines. East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad. As this important work is so intimately con nected with our own Railroads, uniting as it will with the State Road at or near Dalton, the following article from the Knoxville Re gister will be read with peculiar interest: Our readers will be gratified to learn that the Board of Directors of the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad have contracted with Gen. Greene, acting for himself and several Northern contractors, to complete and equip the Road from its Southern terminus to Knox ville. The last Athens Post says : “ The work will soon be commenced,”and adds that “ upon all the provisions of the contract, the Board, many of the members being present, alter very full and careful investigation, were unanimous. The work will commence on the line of the Slate Road, and is to be completed to the Ili- WAssee river bv the Ist ol July, 1850; to the North bank of the Tennessee, including the bridge, on or before the Ist of March, 1852; and to Knoxvile by the Ist of March, 1853.”' We learn from another source that the fol lowing are the principal stipulations of the contract: Ist. For the first section of the road—that is, from the Southern terminus to Charleston, Tenn. —the contractors are to receive S2OO, 000 in five per cent. State bonds, and S4OO. UOO instock iu the ro*d—making $600.000 — for which this section of the road is to be made complete, and equipped with one first class passenger locomotive, one first class freight lo comotive, two fiist class passenger cars arid twenty first class freight cars. 2d. For the second section—that is. from the liiwassee river lo the Tennessee—they are to receive $200,000 in company’s bonds or cash, and $250,000 in stock in the road. This sec tion is to be equipped precisely like the first. 3d. For the third section—that is, from the Tennessee river to Knoxville —they are to re ceive $300,000 in Company bonds or cash, and $501,000 in stock in the road This sec tion is to be equipped with one first class loco motive. one first class passenger car and ten freight cars. 4jh. The bridge over the Tennessee is to be completed by the time the road reaches the riv er, at a price to be agreed upon hereafter, and the first clear profits of the road are pledged to meet the claim for its construction. Hence it will be seen that the contractors are to receive (exclusive of the cost of the bridge over the Tennessee,) $1,850,000 for building and equipping the road to Knoxville. Os this they agree to take $1,15f,000 in stock in the Road, S2OO 000 in State bonds (which amonnt it will be recollected, must be issued by the Slate to complete the payment of her original l •subscription,) and $50,000 in company bonds ur cash at the option of the company. The last Legislature, our readers will re member. authorized the Company to issue Ponds to the amount of $350 000 and guaran tied the State’s endorsement thereor. This endorsement the contractors do not require, and it will not be used. Whatever bonds the com pany may issue, will he issued unendorsed. The capital stock of the company, under ex isting enactments may be increased to $2.000,- OOtf. The amount which belongs to individu al stockholders and which will belong to the State, when her full subscription is paid, will be, in round numbers, $650,000. Add the $l,150,0i»0 which the contractors agreed to take in stock, and we see there will be room for an additional subscription to the amount of $200,000, without any further increase of the capital stock. If this subscription is made, the company will he under the necessity of issuing bonds for about $300,000 in addition to the cost of the bridge at Blair’s Ferry, (say $70,- 000) in order to bring the cars to Knoxville. The payments on the different sections are to be made as the work is done. The whole structure is to be fini»hed in the most substan tial and durable manner and of the best materi »ls. It i* stipulated, for instance, that the rail shall weigh not less than 106 tons (212,000 lbs.) o the mile. It may he proper to state that, by allowing the use of a light rail, a contract could have probably been effected with the same contrac tors by which the road might be completed in a shorter period and at a less price The Di rectory, however, after due investigation and reflection, decided (wisely, we think.) that the rack should belaid with a heavy rail, of the most approved description, even though the expense should he thereby very considerably increased, and the time prolonged. This rail, it is Gen Greene’s intention to procure, if pract.cable, from East Tennessee manufactu rers. As we have stated above, the present limita lion of the capital stuck of the company will al ow of an increased subscription ofaboul $200,- 000. We understand it, however, to he the design of the Directory to attempt to raise in this manner only $150,000. And we have an tssurance in the success which has attended an effort in the county of Polk, in the feeling that uas been manifested in other counties, and in »consideration of the vital importance of the • natter to East Tennessee, that this amount can ind will be subscribed. Then let the contract which has been made be strictly and faithfully carried out, and in a few years we shad not only have a railroad, but one which will not require that all its earnings he appropriated for repairs —one which will he substantially made and well equipped. We find the following accouut of Cotton Twine in a New York paper. The writer gives the assurance that this Twine is fast su perseding the use of the imported Linen Twine, by druggists, apothecaries, manufacturers of and dealers in fancy articles, small wares, &c. : Improved Cotton Twine —A new article of Cotton Twine was exhibited at the late Insti tute Fair, where it commanded a premium and very general approbation Its main ground of preference over good Linen Twine is of course its cheapness; this article being afford »*d at 18$ to 31 j cents per pound, according to coloring—the quality being n all cases unex ceptionable—while Linen Twine costs some fifty percent more. This Twine is stronger and more beautiful han any Cotton Twine ever before made in ibis country or any other It is as firm, smooth, md glos-y. as the English dressed Linen Twine, which it very much resembles, both in appearance and strength. By the use of a combination of adhesive -mbs’.nnces, in a liquid state, in the manufac mre, the short fibres of Cotton are so strongly cemented together that they will break before they will slip and pull apart; thus the whole strength of ihe fibre is obtained, making a very strong Twine. The same strength cannot he obtained in undressed Cotton Twine, because the fibres will, more or less, separate at the place where it breaks, and therefore you do not get the whole strength of the fibres which are in it. The balls (4 ounces in weight) are done up in a neat, compact form, and have this obvious idvatitage over all other Cotton Twines, that they unwind from the interior. International Postage. —The New Vork Sun gives additional facts in relation to the ar rangements reported to have been coucluded between the United States and the British Government, that will be received with uni versal satisfaction. The terms of the Treaty, it states, are : 1. F.ntire reciprocity between the two gov ernments in the transmission of letters by their respective steamers. 2. The rates of postage to he uniform for \mertcan and English steamers. 3 The British Colonial mail to be conveyed through the United States and by the American as well as the English steamers. 4. American mails for Europe, Asia and Afri ca, to he conveyed by British as well as Ameri can steamers. The rates of postage will probably not ex ceed twenty-five cents on each letter from the United States, or one shilling sterling on letters forwarded from the United Kingdom. By this arrangement, a letter mailed in any part of Great Britain or Ireland, and a shilling paid upon it there, trill be delivered in the United States, irithout change, to the person to tc/wtn it may be directed. S » with a letter sent from the United States; by the payment of twenty-five cents here, it will tie delivered free of charge in any part of England. Ireland or Scotland. These, we believe, are the rates established bv the treaty, although we are unable to speak positively, not haviug receiv ed an official copy. In addition to the satisfactory adjustment of the postage question, this arrangement we un derstand. will lead to the establishment at an early day. of a ireekly line of steamers direct to Mete York, without sopping at Halifax. This line is to consist of American and British mail steamers. Although not yet decided upon, it is in contemplation, we understand, to run only a semi-monthly line to Halifax and Boston, and it is probably that the Halifax and Boston route will be abandoned altogether. It is stated in one of the papers “that there are 1.500.000 persons in the United States who abstain from spiritous liquors; 5000 tem perance societies, embracing more than 600,- 000 members. .More than '2 000 distilleries have been stopped ; more than 5,000 merchants have ceased from the trade. It is estimated that 30.000 persons are now sober who, had it not been for the temperance societies, would have been sots; and that at least *20.000 fami lies are now at ease and comfort who would otherwise have been in poverty aud disgraced by druken inmates.” A picture of another sort and quite sad is given in the following paragraph: Wholesale determination —lt was stated re cently. by the Rev. Mr. Chiitiguv, iu a public meeting at Montreal, that he had a list of fifieeu families, once among the wealthiest of .Mon treal. who have ail been destroyed by intempe rance. Their aggregate fortunes a few years ago. amounted to eight hundred thousand dol lars. Now they have disappeared enurelv root and branch, soleiy through the ind.ieuce of in toxicating liquors. He had another list of four teen families, of various occupations, whose aggregate fortune amounted to 1.21*0.000 who have also disappeared from the same cause ; and another list of 517 families, who resided in fourteen parishes, and were all at once compa ratively wealthy, but are all now destroyed by liquor, except remnants scattered through the States and elsewhere. It is thus that iutoxi eating liquors destroy the human race. AccovnioDATtNV —Several years ago an ec centric oid gentleman, residing in England, was greatly unnoied bv nocturnal depredator**, who broke the fence in tu* garden, iu order to get uttbe good things contained therein. Since he did not care so much for the Idas of the lruit as the damage done to the enclosures, and as he was rattier fond of witticisms, he had me toko w mg notice put up. •* All thieves are in future to enter by the gate, which will be left open for the purpose “ Another Telegrm h Inventor. —Mr. Ju »i«>s L- Cieiuntoos. ot Davuison county North Carolina sets forte tits claim to have been the inventor of the system of electro-telegraphs, or telegraph writing Uteiy described as Bui ns Telegraph, it appears ne addressed a letter some years ago to the Patent OiSce, on the subject of his invention. The Dead Getter Office. We copy the following from the Home Journal : The story of Adele Barron, published in a recent number of the Knickerbocker, which turns upon some missing letters, has brought to mind an incident related by Frank Granger, as having occurred when he was at the head of the post office department. A letter was one day received from a postmaster of a town in New-Jersey, enclosing a letter very old and dingy, and covered with fly specks in every part, except where a tape had passed over it, indicating that it had been for a long time plac ed in the paper or card rack of some bar-room or shop. The superscription, if there had ever been any. had entirely faded away. The postmaster wrote that he had found it in the letter box and tried in vain to find who had de posited it there, in order that he might receive a proper direction, as it apparently contained money. As it had no: been advertised, it was not in strictness a dead letter ; hut he sent it the Department in order that they might dispose of it. The postmaster general took the respon sibility of opening it, and found that it was dated at Philadelphia, in the year 1821, (twenty years before) and enclosed a twenty dollar bill of the U. S. Bank. It was addressed by a man to his wife, at a small village, not far from the post office where the letter was found, inform ing her that he (the writer) should start for home in two or three days ; but that as his bro ther was about to leave for home, he took ad vantage of the opportunity to send her by him the enclosed sum wherewith to make prepa rations for an approaching wedding. The Postmaster General caused a letter to be written to the address ofthe writer, inform ing him of the circumstances. In the course of a week a reply was received from a female, who stated that the writer of the letter was her father, and that theoue to whom it was address ed was her mother, both of whom were dead; that, twenty years before, on the eve of her wedding, she remembered that her father and uncle had quarreled, the former having been led. from some suspicioiiscircumstances, to dis cred it the latter’s assertion that he had lost a letter containing money entrusted to his care, and to insinuate that he had appropriated the amount to bis own use. The consequence was that all intercourse between the families had from that time been suspended, and that she should im mediately write to her uncle and cousins, who were still living at a distance, to beg that the in tercourse and friendship so long interrupted might be resumed ; the discovery of this letter having satisfied her of what she long suspected that her father was wrong, and relieved her mind from a weight of painful anxiety. Whether any fan her clue to the manner in which the letter bad arrived at the office at so late a period was ever ascertained, is not known; the probability is that the letter had been picked up at or near somecountry tavern on the road, and was placed with the variety of business cards and miscellaneous papers which usually fill the tapes over the mantel piece of such a place, and there it had remained from year to year, yerhaps concealed from natice by other papers and letters, until by a change of land lord, oran improvement of the house, the land lord had disposed of it by depositing it in the nearest post ofiice. The Milledgevillc Recorder of the 7th inst., says: By the following extract from a letter just recived from Col. Win, G. Bonner, Chief En gineer of the Iliwassee Railroad, (now called the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad.) it will be seen that the whole line of this road has been placed under contract, to be finished and fully equipped in four vears: “Cleveland, Tenn., Nov. 2,1848. “The contract is let out to complete the whole fine from the Western and Atlantic Rail road to Knoxville. It is uncertain at what point the road will intersect, hut either at Dal ton or the runnel—most probably the latter place. Geu. Dot!* Green, as agent for a North ern company of large capital, took the contract, and is to complete the work in four years. He is also to equip it with first class engines and cars. The road is to be laid with a rad weigh ing 106 tons to the mile, which will make it the best road in the United States. This is des tined to become at no distant day the great thoroughfare between the North and South. I doubt whether any other in the Union pas ses through as fertile a country, or one which a boiiuds with so many rich and valuable miner als ” Arkansas. —The General Assembly of Ar kansas convened on Monday, 6111 instant, at Little Rock An unusual amount of business will come before it. U 8. Senators to fill two unexpired terms, and a U. 8. Senator for the term of six years from the 4th March next, have to he elected. The amendments of the Constitution, giving the election of Judges, Prosecuting Attornies, &c., to the people, w ill also come before the Legislature for ratification. The Pan Karen Intelligencer says:—“From ail we can ascertain of public sentiment, there is no doubt that those an eudments will be rat ified; and we believe a law under the provi sions of those amendments will he passed at the early part of the session, to enable the people of several circuits to elect their Judges ami At tornies before the convening of the courts.” An Interesting Relic. — The Buffalo Ex press of the 21st ultimo says: “We were shown yesterday an interesting relic of the distinguished chietiain Red Jacket. Dr. Wil son, one of the Seneca nation now on his way to Washington, has it in charge. It is the tom ahawk represented in the pictures and engrav ings of the old Chief, and was presented to him by President Washington. The head is of the usual shape, with howl in it. and the handle or namented with sdverstars. forms a >*tem. so that when required the insrumeiitcould he used for a pipe. The name of the Chief is engraved on one side of the head, and on the reverse is the name of Big Kettle, into whose possession it came after the death of Red Jacket.” The Cuvakp Steamers. —The new steamer Canada is advertised to leave Liverpool for New York on the 25th of November In the winter arrangement of the line we perceive the old vessels—the Caledonia Acadia. Britan nia and Hibernia—are withdrawn. In Decem ber, the semi-monthly arrangement commences with the departure of the Niagara for Boston on the 3d December, after which day a vessel will sail from Liverpool every second Baturd ty, alternately for New York and Boston.— Halt. Sun. Locomotive Speed —The Lowell Courier says that a new engine called the Camilla, built by Hinkley Drury, and designed for speed, on the Bostonnnd Lowell Railroad, has driving wheels of 6£ feet diameter, and is capable o* running a mile in a minute. Discourses on some Peculiar and Un usual Texts ok Scripture, hy Rev J Coch rane.—This is the title of a volume of sermons lately published in London, and which is thus noticed by the London Athenanim : “ The pul pit has its humors as well as the stage, and these are of them. The ten discourses are on •Le viathan.’ * Clouted Shoes.’ ‘ Hole in the Wall,’ ‘ Knives,' * Devils 111 the Swine,’ 4 Time to Dance,* 4 The Unturned Cake,’ ‘The Borrow ed Axe,’ and * Amen.’ The preacher confes ses that his object was by such selection to at tract attention At the risk of being grotesque, he has secured no veil v and freshness. Bells. —Wheatley, in his “ Illustration of the Comtncn Prayer,” says of the passing bell: “Our church, iu imitation of the saints in for mer ages, calls on the minister and others to assist their brother in his last extremity. In order to this, when any one is passing out of life, this hell should be tolled; bu* now the passing hell is not struck till the soul has left the body. The passing bell was anciently rung for two purposes ; one, to bespeak the prayers of all good Christians for a soul just departing; and the other to drive away the evil spirits that stood at the bed's foot, and about the house, ready to seize their prey, or at least to molest and ter rifv the soul in its passage ; hut by the ringing of that hell they were kept aloof; and the soul like a hunted hare gained the start, or had what is by sportsmen called law. In order to do this effectually, a high price was demanded for the 101 l of the largest bell ; for being louder the demons must go further off. to be out of its reach.” The “Golden Legend,” by VVynkvn de Worde. aDo assures us that the evil spirits have a dislike to bells. “It is said, the evil spirytes that ben in the regyion of thayre. doubte much when they here the belles rongen : , and this is the cause why the belles ben rongen ; whan it thondreth. and whan grete tempeste and outrages of wether happen, to the ende ■ that the feinds and wycked up i rites should be abashed and flee, and cease of the movynge of tempeste.” “ What causes the young people to “ come out” but the noble ambition of matrimony / What sends them to watering places ? What keep* them dancing till 5 o’clock in the morn ing through a whole mortal season ? Wiiat causes them to labor at piano-forte sonatas, and to learn four songs Irom a fashionable master at a guinea a lesson, and to play the harp if they have handsome arms and neat elbows, but that they may bring down some “desirable” young man with those killing bows and arrows of theirs ? What causes respectable parents to take up their carpets, set their houses topsy turvy. and spend a fifth of their year’s income iti ball-suppers and iced champagne ? Is it the sheer love of their species, an unadultera ted wish to see young people happy and danc ing? Pshaw ! they only want to marry tbair daughters. Married Life —The following beautiful and true sentiments are from the pen of that charming writer. Frederika Bremer, vvhose ob servations might well become the rule of life, so appropriate are they to many of its phases : “ Deceive uot one another in small things, nor in great. One little single lie has. before now. disturbed a whole married life. A small cause has often great consequences. Fo.'d not your arms together and sit idle. ‘Laziness is the devil’s cushion * Do not run much from your home. One’s own health is worth more than gold. Many a marriage, my friend, be gins like a ro-*y morning, and then falls away like a snow wreath. And why ? Because the inirried pair neglect to be as well pleased with each other after marriage as before. Endeavor always, ray children, to pleas** one another, but at the same time keep God in your thoughts. Lavish not all vour love on to-day, for remem ber \hat marriage has itsto-morrows. and its day after to morrow, to *spare. as we may say, fuel for the winter.* Consider my daughter, what the word wife expresses. The married woman is the husband's domestic faith; in her he must be able to confide house and fiimlv. be abie to entrust her with the key of bn u ai u' aS " e ‘* as t * le kev of his eating-room. His honor and his home are under her keeping —tus well being isin her hand- Think of this ! Ana ye sons, be fauhw! husbands, and good fathers of families. Actaokhatyourwives ahail esteem aud >ove vo u. Lamartine is a wit as well as a peek. _ VV hen he w,, on the stairs of the Hotel de \ die. at tempting to reiuoie the red dag. the mob shoot ed : - The head of Lamartine: ’ "My head, , einzeus said he, •• would to Ood you ail had it on your ahoulders !** LATE It FROM EUROPE. ARRIVAL OF TIIF. STEAMSHIP AMERICA. SEVEN DAYS LATER INTELLIGENCE. By Telegraph for the Chronicle and Sentinel. Charleston, Nov. 9—lo I*. M. The Steamer America has arrived. France. The new Cabinet lias sustained a defeat in the Assembly. The decree has been issued for the election of President, by the people, on the 10th December. The Presidential contest will he very exciting. Lamartine declined be ‘ng a candidate. England. The Cholera makes slow progress, and is of a very fight type. Ireland. Q’Brien, McManus and O’Donaghue are to fie transported for life forthwith. Spain. The King and Queen of Spain have kissed and made up. Berlin. This city is still the scene of riots. Affairs have not yetcorne to a crisis. Austria. The population of Vienna had resolved to hold out to the last. Provisions were becom ing scarce. No engagements have taken place. Market. London Money market firm. Consols 85f a 85f. Second Dispatch. Liverpool Cotton and Corn Markets. Charleston, Nov. 10—2£ o’clock A. M. The market is distressed. Moderate demand pre vailed through the week, and exporters continue to operate to fair extent. All descriptions American are offered freely at Jc. decline since the sailing of the Hibernia. The market somewhat f rmer on day of sailing of the steamer, with improved tone. Sales of the week 28,000. Breadstuff's depressed, with large arrivals. Wes tern canal Four 30s. ; Philadelphia and Baltimore 24s 6d. The decline on Flour is Is 6d, and 3s per bushel on >keat J3<J. perhaps]. Corn in fair demand at 34 a 35s 6d. Rice in small demand at last quotations. From the Charleston Mercury of yesterday—By Telegraph. Arrival of the America. Baltimore, Nov. 9, 1848. The America has arrived at New York. I send you the following abstract of her intelli gence which has just been received by telegraph: The Markets. The Cotton Market has suffered a still fur ther decline—quotations having fallen |tli, but towards the close of the week there was a manifest tendency towards improvement, with a moderate demand. The sales of the week amount to 28,600 bales. There has been no change in Rice since our last. Canal Flour 30 shillings; Wheat, 7 3 a 8.6 ; Corn. 34 a 35 6; Corn meal, 17. The import duty on Wheat has advanced to ss. per quarter; on Flour to 3s. per barrel; on Corn, this week, 6d, being 2s. lower. The quotations for Pork have ad vanced 1 a 2s. per bbl. Lard has declined 2s. per cwt. The money market is firm. Con sols 85§ a 85j Great Britain.— The British Government have remitted the sentence of death on O’ Brien. Meagher, McManus, andO’Donoghue,to trans portation for life. The condition of the peo ple ol Ireland is most deplorable from the al most entire failure of the Potato crop. There have been large ai rivals of Breadstuffs, how ever, to supply the deficiency. Prance. — The news from Paris is of a most depressing character. Cavaignuc’s new Minis try have met with a most decisive defeat in the Chamber, the majority against them on an a mendmerit to the Army hill being 523. The discussion in the Assembly on the several clauses of the Constitution has terminated, and a decree lias been issued for the education of a President of the Republic, to take place on the 10th. This was voted in the Assembly by ;l majority ol 355. Lamartine has declined to be considered as a candidate Germany. — The Diet of Vienna still hold out, and manifest a spirit of the most determin ed resistance, and the people, with great unan imity, have determined to defend the city to the last extremity. The peasantry from the suiroiitiding country are flocking into the citv to aid in it> defence. The Hungarians, to the number of 65,000 advanced into Austria, but owing to the desertion oT two of their regi nients of Hussars to Prince Windischratz, the Imperial General, they rapidly retreated into their own country. No engagement has yet taken place between the contending forces. There were serious disturbances in Berlin on the 16th of October, which were accom panied with considerable loss of fife. The King refused to accept the resignation of his ministers Spain has been tranquilzed by the return of Gen. Narvaez to power. From the Alexandria Gazette. Washington's Marriage in 1759* We learn that Mr. J. B. Stearns, a distin guished artist of New York, and lately from Europe, has been for some days at Arlington House, in this vicinity, engaged in making very beantiftil tan# successful copies from the origi nal pictures of Colonel and Mrs. Washington, the one of the date of 1772, by Peale, and the other of 1759, by Wooiasion, with a view to the painting of a large picture of Washington’s Marriage, founded upon the relation of that in teresting event, in the Custis recollections and private Memoirs of the life and ciiaracter of Washington The scene is laid in the ancient Parish Church of St. Peters, county of New Kent, a colony of Virginia, time 6th of January, 1759. In the foreground, and near the altar, ap pears the Rev. Dr. Mossom. the officiating Clergyman, in full canonicals; ho is about to present the Marriage ring. The Bridegroom is in a suit of blue and silver, lined vviih red silk, embroidered waistcoat, small clothes, gold shoe and knee buckles, dre*s sword, hair in full powder. The Bride in a suit of white satin, rich point laced ruffles, pearl ornaments in her hair, pearl necklace, ear-rings and brace lets. white satin high heeled shoes, with dia mond buckles; she is attended by a group of ladies, in the gorgeous costume of that ancient period. Near to the Bridegroom, is a brilliant group, comprising the vice regal Governor of Virginia, several English army and navy offi cers then on Colonial service, with the very elite of Virginia chivalry, of the old regime. The Governor is in a suit of scarlet, embroid ered with gold, with bag wig and sword ; the gentlemen in the fashion of the time But among the most interesting and pictu resque of the personages in the various groups, is Bishop, the celebrated body servant of Brad dock, and then of Washington, with whom he ended his days, after a service of more than forty years This veteran soldier of the wars of George 11. forms a perfect study in the f icture. llis tall, attenuated lorm and soldierly bearing, as with folded arms,and cocked hat in hand, re spectfully, he lias approached the bridal group, gives a touching interest to the whole scene. He is in a scarlet coat, and is hooted and spur ree. having just dismounted, and relinquished the favorite charger of his chief, to a groom. Through the large folding doors of the Church, is seen the old fashioned coach of the Bride, drawn by six horses; also the fine En glish charger, bequeathed to Washington by Braddock, alter the fatal field of the Monon gahela. From the account of the marriage, handed down from those who were present at its cele bration. it appears the bride and her ladies oc cupied thecoa.fi, while the Provincial Colonel rode his splendid charger, attended by a bril liant < onege of the gay and gallant of the land. Such was \\ ashiugton’s Marriage in 1759. How to staf late. —At a late ball in Paris, a very stout gentleman, proprietor of a bad catarrh and a very charming wife, in.-isfed very incon- j veniently (at the close of a polka, in which the latter s breast pin was quite too intimately made acquainted with the waistcoat buttons of a very niceyouog man) that Madame should take her leave, and return to the less objectionable bo som of her family. •Never mind.’she said to her partner, ‘invite me to dance the next quadrille all tiie same ! L will find away to stay for it.” Slipping out while the sets were forming, she went into the gentlemen's dressing room, found her husband's hat and threw it out of the window. Then returning and requested her spouse to first find his hat and call the carriage, she accepted partners for the next six dances, quite snre of two hours before the hat could be recovered. Enemies.— Some men are »ai d to have a turn for making enemies, while to others is awarded the praise of having none But there ls such a thing as enemy-making, it amounts to little.such enemies being seldom able to do any harm. Tlie more narrowly we examine our position, and the things which affect u* in the world, the more we shall be convinced that our only for midably enemies are ourselves. The tongue that truly detracts from our credit and glory, a our own tongue: the hand that most merciless ly despoils us of our property, is our own hand All the real murders in this world—that is. apart from the mere common place killings of men and wonen—are selfmurders. The Doom of oca World. —The North British Review says— 4 What this change is to be. we dare not conjecture, but we see in the heavens themselves some traces of destructive elements and indications of their power. The fragments of broken planets—the descent of meteoric stoue? upon our globe—the wheeling comets wieldisa their lost materials at the solar surface —the volcanic eruptionsofour own sat ellite—the appearance of new stars and the dis appearance of others, are all foreshadowing of that impending convulsion to which the system of the world iedoomed. Thus placed upou a planet which i§ to be burnt up. and under hea vens which areio melt away—thus treading, as it were on the cemeteries. and dwelling on mau soleums offormer worlds, let ns learn the lessons of humanity and wisdom if we h ive not already been taught in the school of revelation/' Still Axotheß Ne w Pathv —The last new medical treatment itnp or!ed !roo ‘ Europe is called Isopatftu. The principle is to piace upon the diseased part the similar organ taken irotn a healthy animal If the heart is diseased the heart of a sturdy bullock is applied as a cure, bat it requires a’fresh heart daily. An honest man is respected by all parties. W e forgive a hundred rude or otten.it e things that are' mtered from conviction, or in the con scientious discharge of a duty—never one that proceeds from design or a view to raise the per son which says it above us.— HizUtt. Augusta, oft.: TUESDAY MORNING, NOV. 14, 1848. Increase of Pauperism in England. In the years 1846—’7, the total number of persons in England and Wales, who were relieved in that year, amounted to 1,721,350 —being in the propor tion ol 101 lor every 1000 in the estimated popula tion—and exceeding, by more than half a million , the number relieved in 1839—’40. Making all allow ance for unusual disturbing causes, it is most disheart ening to observe that, with the exception of a brief peri od, when the construction of rail ways created an extra ordinary demand for labor, the proportion of our pau per population, to the entire community, has been steadily and rapidly on the increase during the last ten years. In 1839 —’40. the proportion of paupers relieved was 77 per 1000 of the population ; in 1943, it rose to 95 per 1000; and, lastly, in 1946—’7. it rote to the unexampled proportion of 101 per 1000, or more than one-tenth of our population.— London Daily News. The steady increase of paupers in England, as compared with the number who have to support them, is an evil of alarming import. There is a certain point inhuman depression at which all the noble faculties of man give way, and he not only ceases to struggle on against adversity, but cheerfully hugs his de gradation and becomes at once an idle and comparatively happy beggar. The social and governmental system of Great Britain operates to make the few very rich and powerful, and the many exceedingly poor and helpless. The increase of the latter class will soon be such as to force them to eat up, in one shape or another, a large share of the substance or wealth of the kingdom. A standing army of one million seven hundred and twenty-one thousand idle persons, with twice that number paid scarcely enough for their severe toil to keep soul and body together, and soon to be added to the class that demand food and rai ment without work, will induce a change of policy before many years. Less territory will be used as waste ground for the abode of foxes, deer and other wild ani mals ; less grain and meat will go to feed game keepers, hounds and hunting horses; and every poor family will be encouraged to work and practice economy and frugality, by having se cured to it notone-third nor one-half, but nine tenths of all the fruits of its well directed in dustry. In short, a perfect revolution is in evitable, sooner or later—not perhaps a change in the form of government; but in the educa tion, the self-respect and comparative inde pedence of the great mass of the people. They must be placed in a condition to cherish a hope of rising in the world. This is now unwit tingly denied them. Duties, Which neither hu. inanity nor enlightened self-interest has been able to secure the performance of, stern ne cessity will compel the aristocracy to discharge. In self-defence against consuming idleness, vice and crime, against ignorance and pauper ism, the upper classes of England must deve lope aright the intellectual, social and moral faculties of the millions below them. This duty they have long and shamefully neglected. They have withheld from the popular mind that just and reasonable culture without which man is but a shade above the brute. The re medy is in the hands of those that have the ability to make it effective. It is the disposi tion only that is lacking, and even this is gra dually coming to the rescue of the country. Mot a few of the nobility have taken up the subject of universal education and are urging its importance with a degree of energy and success worthy of all praise. Among these no ble benefactors of their race, Lord Morpeth is much distinguished. He has studied the common school system of Massachusetts, Con necticut and New York ; and admired its au spicious influence on American operatives at Lowell, and other manufacturing towns in the United States. Cultivated reason, a higher standard of social and domestic comfort, and an opportunity to work for their own benefit, are elements of peace and prosperity which the people of England most need, and now most urgently demand of their rulers. There is too much good sense in Parliament not to do something, to elevate the industrial classes in England, Wales and Ireland. The enormous expenses and cruel taxes of the Government must be abated. Their injustice will not be much longer endured. Heaven grant a blood less reform of all abuses. “ My Life lias been a Failure/’ So said a capitalist in this country, worth hia se veral millions, on being asked why he did not have a biography of his life written. What an answer, and what a sad truth, to be made and considered by one who has spent a tong life in amassing wealth; and now, with trembling limbs, stepping into the grave, the starling truth, quite too late it is to be fear ed, flashed across his mind, that his life had been a failure. —Exchange paper. Most men regard the loss of property, and the inability to make a fortune, as the only fail ures worth naming. These, however, are of the least importance of any that occur in socie ty. One that fails to make his fellows happier and better than they would have been had he never existed, or come in contact with them, may well exclaim: “My life has been a failure.” Had one half of the fortune of Stephen Gi rard been skillfully appropriated in his life time by himself, to promote the highest good of mankind, its beneficent fruits would far exceed all that will now be realized from his legacies. To put ofFall earnest efforts to do good till one is dead and buried, is the greatest folly ima ginable. “ A Gratuitous Insult.” The citizens of Fairfield district, S. C., re cently adopted the following among other kin. dred resolutions: Resolved , That the passage of the “Oregon Ter ritorial bill,” with the “ Wilmot proviso,” was in tended for no practical purpose, but to establish a pre cedent hereafter to be applied to all territory which may be hereafter acquired in common by the United States, and can be considered in no other manner than a gratuitous insult to the South. It is a pithy commentary on chatnelion “ de inocracy,” that its chosen Southern President should sign a bill “ intended for no practical purpose” except to offer “ a gratuitous insult to the South. This impeachment of Mr. Polk by his demo cratic friends of South Carolina, is the unkind est cut of all. Frontier Life. — We learn fropi San An tonio that a party of Mexicans who had been out in the vicinity of the Nueces, mustang catching, arrived in that city, bringing with them two hats—one belonging to Mr York, and the other to another of the party killed at the same time Mr. York was, in the contest with the Indians. They also brought a newly taken scalp, supposed to have been taken from the of one of the same party. The Mexi cans stated that they came suddenly upon a party of four or five Indians, to whom they gave chase, and succeeded in getting possession of some of their horses, and the above men tioned bats and scalp—the scalp being tied to the bridle of one of the horses. Capt. York's hat contained several papers in it, which were fully identified. Br*»om Corn.— ln the last review of the New York market we notice the arrival of 150 tons of Broom corn, for which 10 cents a pound or S2OO a ton was regarded as a fa:r price. A ton of cotton would sell for about half the money. When this brush is made into brooms, and brought into the cotton market of the South, our planters will have to give about five pounds of cotton for half a pound of Broorn corn. Mammoth Potato* Dr. TwiGGshas sent usafine red Spanish po tato that weighs eight and a half pounds. It grew at the residence of Mr. Rambo, some four miles from Hamburg, S. C. It will be hard to beat. Wonderful. — By the aid of the telegraphs, the steamship F.uropa from N. Y. on Wednes day, ca'ries to Europe the result of the Presi dential election, which closed only fourteen hours beforeshe sailed. Rapid Growth. —The State of Ohio is now in her 61st year, or rather it is now 61 years since the first white citizen moved into what is now that State, yet she polls a vote approxi mating to three hundred thousand. Wisconsin has a territory about twice as large as Ohio. Loss of the Ship Martha Washington. We regret to announce the total loss of the ship Martha Washington, of inis port. Capt. T. J. Whiting, on her recent trip from this port to Liverpool For the particulars of this affair we are indebted to a commerciai house of this city. Ou the 10th of October, wheu three days out from the Balize, she experienced the severe hurricane which prevailed in the Gulf at that time, and in the course of that day and the next she was entirely dismasted and her decks swept clear of every thing, lore and aft. When the wreck was cleared it was found upon examin ation that there was five and a half feet of wa ter in the hold. Every exertion was made to keep her afloat, and by incessant exertion at the pumps she was kept up until the 21st ult , when the British br;g Caledonia. Capt. Abra ham Noel, came to her assistance ond took off the captain, crew and passengers and conveyed them to Havana, from whence they arrived yesterday in the schooner Heroine, Capt. En sor. w'hicti saiied on the 26th ult. When they left the ship her white streak was under water, and Capt. Whiting thinks she must have gone down m a few hours after. She was loaded with cotton and grain. We are requested by the officers of the Mar tha Washington to state that they all received the utmost courtesy and attention from Capt. Noel, for which they are truly thankful.— Pic. zdi ins/. FURTHER PARTICULARS OF THE AMERICA S NEWS. From the N. Y. Courier 8? Enquirer. The It. M. steamship America, Capt. Leitch, arrived about twelve o’clock last night at Quar antine and came to anchor, having made the unusually rapid passage, for this season of the year, of less than eleven and a halfdays. We subjoin a summary of the news. The Continent* On the 25th M. Marrast presented a decree for the election of a President. The following day was fixed for its discussion, and the result was: Number of votes 819. In favor of the decree, 587; against it, 252; majority, 355; consequently the election will take place on the JOlhof December. The result excited the greatest surprise. The proposed banquets, which have been the cause of so much agitation, are not to be prevented, but no public functionary is to be permitted to attend them. The Government wished to introduce a bill proroguing the Assembly until after the Presi dential election, hut public sentiment was uni versally against it. The Viennese are in possession of an artil lery park of 150 guns. Windischgratz has been appointed commander-in-chief of all the imperial forces. Auersperg was at Ingzersdorf, on the Gloggnitz railway line, Jellachich’s head quarters were at Schonbrunn ; their combined forces are estimated at 36,000 or 38,000 men. Windischgratz was understood to have left Olmutz, and have se t troops from that town in separate parties. But some accounts com pute ’‘the imperial forces” near Vienna at 98,- 000 men. Part of the forces under Windisch gratz had arrived on the 17th at Lundenberg, a station on the Prague and Vienna railway. It was said that li3 would move towards Presburg. Should this turn out to be his intention, his on ly object would be to cross the Danube, not to march towards Pesth. Already encampments for his troops were being prepared in the vi cinity of Vienna between the northern railway and the road to Brunn, near the villages of Wolkersdolf and Stammersdorf. The total number of troops to be concentrated there was to amount to some 28,000 men. The commandant of the national guard at Vi enna issued placards on the 16th, announcing the Hungarians under Gens. Czani and Monza had crossed the frontiers, and that they were in full march against Jellalich. The placard adds that there would be a sanguinary contest near Vienna, and that the commandant had on that account posted a strong force near the Belvi dere. The advancing Hungarian army was set down at 65,000 men. Vienna is now surrounded on all sides but one, the Nussdorf line. The Russian ambassa dor has left the city. Nearly the entire popu lation of ihe city are resolved to hold out to the last—come what may. It is estimated that 100,- 4H)O persons have quitted Vienna since the 6th inst. It is asserted in a correspondence from Guerserndorf, that there are still 40,000 guns in Vienna ready for distribution. Jellalich was still posted at Luxemburg, and his troops are now united with those of Gen. Auersperg. Olmutz is full of troops. The latest date from Vienna is to the 21st, at that time the city was completely surrounded, and it was rumored that the Hungarians who were advancing to the relief of the city, had retreaied in consequence of the desertion of two Hungarian regiments of hussars to Win dischgratz, who, it is added, has taken posses sion of the Island of Lobau, and placed a force of 2600 men there. Provisions were becoming verv scarce in Vienna. We have received, by the recent arrivals from France, a series of original autographic letters of the late royal family of France, comprising also, letters from his absent Ministers—letters which have never yet seen the light in either hemisphere, and which make a startling disclo sure of the practices and principles of the late up-torn monarchy ol France. These letters were taken from the Tuilleries by an officer of the National Guards, who en tered the private cabinet of the late King about ten minutes after his ex-Majesly and the Queen had emerged from the opposite door, in their flight to England. The America has been absent from this port but twenty-eight days. The corn market remains firm, at previous quotations. The news from the Continent is highly im portant. From Ireland we have the intelligence that the patriots, O’Brien, Meagher, McManus and O'Donohue, have had their sentence of death commuted to that of transportation for life. The trial of Charles Gavin Dufl’y. at the Com mission, before Justice Torrens, had concluded, but the jury had not returned their verdict at last accounts. The special commission—one of the most protracted that, perhaps, was ever held in Ire land—has at length adjourned until the sth De cember, after occupying no less a period of time than twenty-three days. In answer to the Lord Chief Justice, to the usual formal question as to what they had to say in objection to the sentence, Messrs.M c- Maims and Meagher replied in a strain of elo quence that would compare well with that of Emmett. The Cholera* The following is the statement of Cholera cases reported yesterday to the General Board of Health. Ris made up to 6 o’clock, P. M Gwydyr House. Whitehall, Oct, 26,1848 One case in the Model Lodging house, Glass house-yard. One case at Doncaster. Several cases at Peckharn —number not yet known. The Erench Republic. In France the new cabinet of Gen. Cavaig nac has sustained a signal defeat on the ques tion of military substitution. The ](>7th arti cle of the constitution proposes to abolish the substitution in the army, and to make every citi zen liable to serve his country, without permit ting him to purchase an exemption. The idea whence this article emanated was essentially democratic, but the chamber defeated the min istry by a majority of 523 votes, rejecting the abolition of substitution in the army. The discussion of the constitution was ter minated by the Assembly on Monday night, the 23d. Before it is finally proclaimed, it will have to undergo a revision. This revision will take place after an interval of five days, and it is not expected to occupy more than a day or two. A proposition of the government for the prorogation of the Assembly during the inter val between the declaration of the constitution and the election of President, caused some ex citement and discussion. M. Thiers most strongly opposed the proposition, notwithstand ing the assurance of Cavaignac that he would be responsible for the maintenance of order.in the absence of the Assembly. The proposition, if persisted in by the ministry, would, no doubt, be rejected. At the sitting of the Assembly on the 26th Prince Louis Napoleon ascended the tribune, and read from a paper in reply to the accusa tion brought against him in the previous sitting by M. Clement Thomas. [M. Thomas had charged Prince Louis with alining at the impe rial dignity.] He at once admitted that he was a candidate for the office of President of the Republic. He declared that it was his right to he so, and he would not renounce that right, whatever provocations were addressed to him. This declaration was listened to by the Assem bly. with chilling silence. Cotton and Bread-stuffs have experienced a decline. In England the most important political event is the canvass for the coming election in the West Riding of Y orkshire, to fill the vacan cy occasioned by the resignation of Lord Mor peth, now Earl of Carlisle, who takes his seat in the House of Lords. From France the news is gloomy, and the difficulties of the Government are on the in crease, and the Paris correspondent of the Times describes the condition of that city as being very nearly akin to what it was previous to the revolution of February. The elec tion for President of the Republic is to take place on the Ist of December next. 'Fhe position of Austria is as critical as at last advices. France* The content for the Presidency has been very : keen, and the ultra democrats of all shades are making desperate efforts to produce unanimity among their partizans as’lo their candidate for the Presidency. Thus the friends to M. Ras pail are earnestly solicited to support M. Le dru Rollin. Lamartine has, it appears, declined being considered a candidate. Hungary. The following is the latest information, and is contained in a letter dated “ Pesth, October 17th News has just reached us that the Hungari ans have seized the fortresses of Leopold*tadt and Mungatz. The revolt of the Valaques in Transylvania has been put down by the Tsche ches. Urban has fled, and three noblemen and a bishop have been hung. The rebel Raelzes has been defeated near Neubesec. Koisiith will depart to-inorrow for the .army, with a pow erful landstrum as a reserve. Gen. Simowitz, who had come from Gailicia. is fled, and more than half his army were slain by the peasant. Austria. The Emperor, in his flight from Vienna, readied Olmutz on the 16th, and had refused audience to the special messenger and to the deputation of the Diet sent to confer with him. It is said, however, that the deputation was assured by the Ernperor’s chamberlain that Ba ron Jellachich. the Ban of Croatia, was only to act on the defensive—not to attack Vienna ; that he was only to fight against Hungary : and that “ circumstances" would regulate the Ban’s ultimate position. The Diet had adopted an address to the Emperor, in which it says: 44 The people still trust their Constitutional Monarch, and confidently expect that your Ma jesty will prefer a peace congress to the bloody appeal to arms. * * * * We wish, therefore, your Majesty to convoke such a congress, assisted by an international committee from the Austrian Diet, with the co operation of two responsible Ministers, to meet as soon as possible at V ienna. \Y e also wish representatives of the Lombardo-Venetian king dom to participate in that Congress.” The deputation of the Diet, had. however, in terviews with the Emperor and in reply to the address he is reported to have said, on the 16th: “It is with much satisfaction that I learn from the address of the Diet presented to me. that it has at heart the common weal of all countries belonging to the Austrian empire, and the endeavors of the Diet to suppress the threatened anarchy, deserve my most cordial acknowledgments. 1 will, on my part, con cede. every thing in order to re-establish the peace and security of my capital, and to guar antee to the constitutional Diet the utmost se curity for its future undisturbed deliberation." Meantime the citizens of Vienna continue to strengthen the defences of that city, and the country people are flocking into it" in large numbers. No the Hun garians and Croats has taken place. Prufefcia. Intelligence has been received from Berlin tottie2od. The Kmg of Prussia celebrated the anniversar. of his birth-day on the loth in stant. It was anticipated mat it would be a day of reconciliation, but it was not so. The con gratulatory deputations were ungraciously re ceived, and the King harped on recent events. Fresh disturbances occurred at Berlin on the 16th. which were renewed on the 17th with considerable loss of life, the people taking shel ter behind barricades. The cause was an at tempt on the part of some mechanics to break up machinery, which attempt the Burgher Saand resisted. On the 22d, General Pfuel tendered his re signation. and that of his colleague, to the King, who requested him t > withdraw it, but he positively refused. On the 23d the Poesen question was debated in the Assembly, and was decided, after a stor my discussion in favor of the non-separation of the Grand Duchy into a Polish and a German part and consequently in favor of its non-an nexation to the German Confederation by a majority of 7. Italy. Turin.— The Chamber of Deputies at Til- ! rin, decided on the 21st in favor ofa motion for I the prolongation of the armistice with Austria, j The Central German power has, it is said, pro- ! posed the following as a settlement of the Ital ian question:—That Lombardy should remain attached to the Imperial Crown of Austria, but that it mightat the same time, form part of the Italian Diet, which the King of Sardinia wishes to create, in conjunction with the Pope and the Grand Duke of Tuscany. In this way, Lombardy would hold the same relation to Italy that the Duchy of Luxembourg holds to Ger many. The Turin parliament decided on the 24th instant, by a large majority, against the resump tion of the war. Intelligence dated Allessandria (Piedmont ) the 19th instant, states that an insurrection had broken out against the Austrians at M ilan. Ra detsky had mined the palaces and the Cathedral *and threatened to blow them up. This did not, however, prevent the exasperated people from attacking the nnllitary. Several lives were lost, and the whole city rose in arms. The tocsins were sounding from every tower, and complete confusion prevailed. Spain. Madrid journals of the 21st have arrived. A despatch had been received from the Ciyil Chiefof Tortosa. announcing the death of the 1 Carlist Commauder Forcadell. lie had been ill for some time. The Madrid mails of the 20th state that the ministerial crisis was for a moment solved, by the return of Narvaez to power, and the es tablishment of the king consort at the head of the household. We have received the Madrid journals ofthe 21st ult. Ii appears that the new arrangement as to the directions of the palace have met with some hindrance. It is thought the Count de Ville Hermosa will be named as the intendaut. The Captain General of Valencia writes that the Cariists were making their submission in great numbers. Holland. The Hague. — ln the Cholera Hospital at this place 44 patients have been received ; of these 18 have died, 3 have recovered, and the remainder are still under treatment. Tlie Markets. London — Money Market. —Thursday—Con- sols were bought for time as high as 851. after some considerable transactions at previous as cending rates. They left off a shade lower at 65§ to £, both for money and the account Re duced Threes were 844 to §, Three-and-a-Quar ter per cents, 85 to $ Friday.—The English Funds have been ra ther lower since the commencement of busi ness a few sales having been effected to take advantage of the rise. Consols have beenßs| to 85|. There is some anxiety for later news from Germany. Exchequer Bills ere 425. to 45s prein. New 3J per cents, are 84§ to 85. Bank Stock is 185 to 187. Liverpool — Cotton —Friday—Unprecedent edly low as the prices of cotton now are, the market, in full sympathy with the commercial and political anxiety which prevails, and being further influenced by the large current esti mates of the growing crop, continues exceed ingly flat; and the rates now ruling are for most descriptions Jd. per lb. below our quota tions of Friday last. The sa'es of the week amount to 28.600 bales, of which 500 Ameri can have been taken on speculation, and 1,350 American and 160 Surat for export. owing to disputed ownership, 2.200 bales Bow eds were offered, for unreserved sales by public auction; the prices realized were from 'S.\ to 3}d. per lb., and were somewhat below the rates of private business. The sales to-day, including those disposed of by auction, amount to 7600 to 8000 bales. The committee’s quo tations to-day for fair Cotton are as follows, viz : Bowed 33,, Mobile 3], and Orleans 4d. per lb. J couple of mercantile failures have occurred this week, one in this town and the oilier in Manchester. The liabilities of the Manchester concern are understood to be considerable, but the liabilities of the Liverpool house are not important. The name of the Manchester firm is Messrs. S. A. Butterworth & Co. Since the departure ofthe last steamer there has been rather more doing in cotton, blit with a downward tendency in prices Yesterday the sales reached 7000 bales, arising in a great measure from the large attendance ofbuyers collected by the sale at public auction of 2000 Uplands under an order from the court of Chancery. The quality ranged from middling to fully fair, and sold at 3} to 3fd., being a de cline of lid. per lb. on the prices of last week. Since the sale, rather better rates have been ob tained by private, and the quotations lor all classes below fair, which are Jd. lower, remain unchanged. Fair Orleans are placed at 4d., middling 3£d., fair uplands and Mobiles 3}d. v middling 3§d. per lb. The sales of the week are 21,000 bales, of which exporters have taken 1450 bales. The American descriptions sold are 12.0H0 Orleans at 2jfd. to 5d., 0800 Alaba ma and Mobile at 2|d. to 3§d., 7,750 Uplands at3J to 44d , and 210 Sea Island at 7J to 14d. per lb. The stock of cotton in this port is 530,- 000 bales, against that of 424.000; that of Ame rican is 374,000, against 211,000 at this period lastyear. The large arrivals of Wheat have had a de pressing effect on our Corn Market. Western Canal Flour isquotedat 305., Philadelphia and Baltimore 295. Gd., sour 275. Gd. per barrel.— Wheat 7s. 3d. to Bs. Gd. per 701b5.; being a de cline of 1», Gd- per barrel on Flour, 3d. per 70 lbs. on Wheat. Indian Corn continues in fair demand at 345. to 345. Gd. per quarter, and In dian Meal at 17s. per barrel. The duty on Wheat has advanced to ss. per quarter, and on Flour to Bs. per barrel. Summary. —The general tone of business has not undergone any improvement since this day week, and transactions continue to be confined within the smallest possible limits.— Money is cheap, and the rates for discount must further recede unless there should shortly he a revival of trade and a consequent demand for money. The nominal rate is 3| per cent., but transactions have been efiected at a point below that figure. Huddersfield.—Thu rsd a y—The transac tions to day, have been very limited. Were it not for a few orders received by the late Amer ican packets for fancy goods we should have to report scarcely any thing doing in the dis trict. But this period is generally considered the dullest of the whole year. From the Commercial Advertiser. HAVRE, Get. 25. — Cotton. —Last week, our market closed dull, at a decline of If, on U. S. de scriptions. With the commencement of the present «»ne, a good demand sprung up and from Monday to Tuesday, 3,000 bales dunged hands,'but at a further decline of If., the intelligence from Liverpool having been of a discouraging character. To-day the sales are 700 bales. Prices range now from 50 to7sf New Orleans middling is w<>rfli 58f. and fair (ouror dinary) 6'2.50f. Mobile and Uplands are quoted If. below. Stock, 45 000 hales, against 51,000 in 1847, and 35.000 in 1846. We just received our letters by the America, dated 11th inst. from New York. The total sales of the week are 9,000 bales. No imports. The Latest News. liy Telegraph from London to Liverpool for the Courier and Enquirer. London, Saturday, Oct. 27—10 A. M. The promised account of London and North western Railway company appears in the Times. Total length of line in which the Company are interested directly and indirectly, 1141 miles; total amount already expended, £22,835,000, and expenditure yet to take place, £3.130,000. The Company, in addition to this, have power for construction of 14 lines, at estimated ag gregate cost ol 3,870,000. The Daily News says the eminent discount firm < f Overend, Gurney Co., have given notice to their reg ilar hanking and money con nections, that they declined to take in money returnable at call at a higher rate of usance than 2 per cent. Paris papers of Friday are occupied with speculations on the utterly unexpected vote in the Assembly on the election of President.— Bank of France returned amount to credit of Treasury to be 9,970,0U0f., against 10,300,000. Affairs of Italy. London, Oct. 27, 1848.—The Government of Sardinia appears to incline still t> the set tlement of the differences with Austria by me diation, and has agreed to prolong the armistice from eight days to eight days, in order to see what may be done by England and France in the long talked of Congress,—the seat of which has not been yet agreed upon. In case the mediation should not succeed, that is, in case the result of the negotiations should he more favorable to Austria than to Sardinia, the Go vernment would be inclined to resume hostili ties, reserving to itself the choice of tbe hour and opportunity for so doing. This indicates a more moderate and less war like tone of feeling than that which appeared to prevail in Turin a few days back, and I am at a loss to know the reason why Charles Al bert, and the people of Northern Italy in gen eral have not taken advantage of the present troubles in Austria to strike another blow for their independence. Not that I think such a proceeding would be either wise or eventually successful; i am only surprised that no move ment has taken place. We heard also a short time back of great ex citement prevailing throughout the north of Italy, and that hostilities were likely to be re newed immediately. It is easy to understand that the presence of Radetzky’s army in Milan would powerfully check any insurrectionary manifestations in that quarter; but it is not easy to account for the apathy and inactivity of the whole people at such a crisis as the present, except by referring it to that weakness and vo latility of character in the Italian people, of which we have seen so much proof daring the late commotions- It is hardly to be believed that Charles Al bert has abandoned his darling object. And it has has been currently reported in the politi cal circlesof Turin, that he has already formal ly applied to Gen Cavaignac, for a French ar mv, and a French General of experience—Sar dinia cannot boast of one—to command the Piedmontese troops. And such a proposal ap pears to me the more likely to be acceded to, because of Cavaignac’s declining popularity, and the necessity of diverting the popular ex citement in some new direction. since writing the above, my eye has fallen upon the following paragraph, reprinted in a French journal, from the Itaiiau Accnire. I in cline to attach but little faith to it. “ We have this moment received, by extra ordinary express, an account of a complete insurrection at Milan, in the course of yester day. Marshall ltadet ky had burned some of the finest palaces, and Was about to place a mine under the Cathedral. The people immediately rose against the eneineers and troops that were defending them. In a moment a horrible mas sacre took place. The tocsin was rung, and the entire population rose in arms Ibe con fusion was indescribable. May God protect the cause of Italian liberty - T lie people may be oppressed, but never exterminated This has very much the air of being got up-” but I dare not doubt that somethine has happened. I ant. yours truly, Gesevese, From the N. Y. Courier Sf Enquirer, Nov. 7. Brig Palm.— I The brig Palm, Capt. Hend rick, from Boston for Philadelphia, with an as sorted cargo, went ashore at o’clock yester -1 day morning, on Great Egg Harbor bar, dur ing the gale which prevailed that night from ». jE. Her rudder got unhung and she leaked | badly, and no doubt but that her cargo is dam aged, all of which, it is thought, would be sold. She was high and dry at low water. Loss of Ship Michigan, of Portland. — Ship Winnegance, Melcher, which arrived last evening from Newcastle, England, fell in with, on the 11th of October, when in lat. 48 30, lon. 34, with the Br. brig Joseph Anderson, (of Newcastle,) from Sagueny from London, which had on board part of the crew of the ship Michigan, of Portland, M ine. Mr. Miller, (the second mate of the Michigan, stated—“ That he was second mate of the ship Michigan; that they were 21 days out from Glasgow for New York, and when in lat 44 30, lon 47, experienced a succession of heavy weather. Sept. 29, moderate and pleasant weather; 6 P. M., tried the pumps, and had about 700 strokes before she sucked; the leak increased, and the water gained fast upon them although the pumps were constantly going night and day. Oct. 3, while lying to, under closed reefed maintopsail, fell in with the brig Joseph Anderson. Capt. Mason and his wife. Fred. Stinsan, first mate, and three seamen, left the Michigan in a whale boat for the brig, which was lying to under the M’s. lee. When twenty yards from the brig a sea capsized the boat and all on board were lost. Capt. Mason and his wife were not seen after; Mr. Stinson and the three men, (names not known) were seen on the boat’s bottom for about an hour. The ship and brig were got about as soon as possible, but *oo late to save any of the unfor tunate men. Oct. 4, Mr Miller with the bal ance of the crew, 11 in number, succeeded in reaching the brig in the ship’s long boat. When the M. was left she had seven feet of wa ter in her hold, although the pumps had been kept constantly at work since Sept. 29. The ship Catharine Jackson, ashore on Squam Beach, is reported to be bilged, and it is sup posed would go to pieces. The gale of Sun day has done considerable damage to her. Marine Disasters. —The brig Galveston, Capt. Bradford, from Nassau, arrived here yes terday, having on board the crew of the ship Susan Drew, which vessel was reported some days since, as having been dismasted and car ried into trie port of Nassau. We learn from Capt. B that the vessel had been abandoned to the underwriters. Capt. Bradford also reports the arrival ofthe bark Winthrop from Mobile, at Nassau, having lost the captain and mate during the gale of the 14th ult. The brig Padraza. from New-York, arrived on the 21st ult. The barque Nathan H. Bridge, dismasted and waiting for spars, was at Nassau when the Galveston sailed. The brig Galveston reports schooner H. S. Lanfear for Mobile in four days, schooner Emily A. Thompson loading for Baltimore, brig Balize loading for Philadelphia, and the brig ■> Chattahoochee, from New-York for George town, S. C., with loss of sails, &c., repairing. Spoken on the 3d inst., Tortugas bearing' southeast forty miles, bark Nashua, hence for Philadelphia —Pic Bth inst: Success of Plank Roads. The people of this section are uow reaping the benefit of the plank roads which have been cons’ructed within the past year. For the past week the weather has become considerably obstructed by the mud. but on ihe plank roads the passage is as smooth and rapid as in mid summer. We have now extending from this city four distinct lines of plank roads—one ex tending to Boonville, on the North, a distance of 32 miles, one to Bridgewater, about twenty miles to the south, and soon to he extended 20 miles farther, another to Waterv ille. 20 miles southwest, and to be extended 15 miles more, to Hamilton, and the fourth extending west ward to Rome, 16 miles, and forming, by junc tion with others at Rome, an uninterrupted communication with the northern parts ofOnei da and Lewis counties, and Lake Ontario and Salmon river in Oswego county. There are also several direct and lateral ex tensions of this line now in progress and in contemplation, which, when completed, will link the extreme northern with the extreme southern counties of the State, and open an easy and rapid communication between sec tions which have hitherto enjoyed but little in tercourse with each other. Ail the plank roads that have been put in operation in this State, are doing a prosperous and profitable business. The roads in this sec tion are all reaping a rich harvest of toll. We mentioned a few days ago that the Rome Oswego road had divided 6 per profits of the last six months. We learn that after dividend one-third ofthe tolls invested as a sinking fund, thus trialthe earnings ot the road during the las'fear about 9 percent on its capital stock. IPhe entire cost ofthe road was about $85,000./ Since its construction a very large proportion of the travel reaching Oswe go byway of the lake, has gone over tnsFrome. 7 ”" , *> We noticed recently in a Milwaukie, Wis consin, paper, that the receipts for tolls on the Chicago plank road already amount to one hundred dollars a day, and it is yet completed only about 12 miles. —Utica (N. Y.) Mornmo Herald. Baltimore, Nov. 12, 7 p in.—lt has been ascertained that depredations have been com mitted in our city Post Ofiice by robbing letters to the extent of six thousand dollars. The thief has been discovered and held to bail. Most of the money has been recovered. —Charleston Mercury, by Telegraph. •>The venerable Albert Gallatin lies in a very precarious condition. He is not expected to recover. The Honest and Good Heart. —lt is hum ble because it feels bow fur its goodness is from extending unto God, and how much there is that belongs to the unprofitable servant even in his best services. It is submissive because he that is of God heareth God’s words, and re ceives them with implicit faith and thankful acquiescence. It glories not in its attainments, or in its spiritual progress, because it is written, that it is God that maketh it to differ from an other’s and that he resisteth the proud, but givelh grace unto the humble. Pennsylvania Avenue, at Washington, will be lit up with Crutchett’s Solar Gas by the Ist of December —as also the President’s house From llit Reflector and Watchman. Drawing a Wife by Lot* The Moravians are accustomed to resort to the lot, for the settlement of certain difficult questions which sometimes occur among them. It is always done, however, in a solemn man ner. and with prayer. The Rev. Mr. M , who was for many years the highly esteemed pastor of the Moravian Church in New Y'ork city, when a young man was stationed among one of the tribes of Indians of the fur west as a missionary. After laboring there for several years in a s 4 ate of 44 single blessedness,” he, like other missionaries, desired a companion. But he was attached to no one, and could fix his mind on no one to be his “better half.” Still some one he must have, for he experienc ed a painful sense of loneliness, isolated as he was from all civilized society. lie therefore left for a week his rude, untamed charge and went on a journey in search of a wife. He directed his course, as young ministers doaj she present day when engaged in the same pursuit, to a female seminary. He went to Bethlehem, in Pennsylvania, where was a fe male academy, under the direction of his own denomination. It is frequently, though impro perly termed the Moravian nunnery. He here made known his errand to those who had the oversight of the institution —to those who were the proper ones to address upon the subject. They informed him that there were in the sem inary several young ladies of suitable age, character, literary and religious attainments, to be the companion of a missionary. But he knew them not. He was attached to none of them, and had no particular choice. What was to be done ? It was certainly a very pe culiar case. It was proposed, therefore, that the interesting though difficult question be set tled according to their custom 4 in like cases made and provided,’ by lot. Accordingly the names of all the fair candidates for the contem plated honor and hapoiness were placed in some appropriate vessel, and then with great gravity one was drawn out. The name writ ten upon the successful ticket was Bethiah L. The young missionary was satisfied. But will the young lady consent? Aye that’s the question. When Bethiah was informed of the liberty which had been taken with her name, and of the result, she was up toiler elbows in suds—a pretty plight fora young lady to be in, to receive a matrimonial offer ! However, she got through her washing, considered the ques tion, gave an affirmative answer, was married and returned with him to his rustic home among the untutored Indians of the West. The match proved eminently happy. Bethiah was a very tall girl. When jesting with her companions, she had frequently said that she would never marry a man who was not as tall as herself. After her engagement the girls were solicitous to know whether sue was about to adhere to her resolution 1 hey were both accordingly measured, and he was found to be a few inches the tallest, lri tne course of a few years an interesting young family was seen in that rustic home, than whom very few have risen higher on the earth. The above facts were received from an aged member of the Moravian church, who was in timately acquainted with the couple, and had repeatedly heard them relate the circumstances of their marriage with great good humor. There are many residents of New Y'ork who will not he at a loss to fill the blank after the letter M in the commencement of the above article, arid ihere are many who remember the amiable couple alluded to. A Posthumous Joke. —lt is stated of a Ve netian, a great humorist, who died some years since, that he made a provision of torches for his funeral, which he caused to be privately loaded with crackers, and anticipated to a confi dential friend the hubbub which would result from the explosion, and which he calculated should take place in the most inconvenient spots. It is added that, the result verified the most san guine expectations of the projector. Five inches of Snow fell at Syracuse, N. Y on Sunday the sth inst.
