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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 183?-1864 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 22, 1849)
2 The Slavery Question I** California. 1 The latest number received of the “Alta California’’ has the annexed remarks on the subject of the proposed Convention to form a State Government for California : From the Alta California of July 2. The project for assembling a Convention to draught a State Constitution, to be submitted to the people for ratification, has now advanc ed so far towards certain accomplishment that we feel it our duty to offer a few suggestions relative to its composition, and the principles which should govern in selecting its members. We never had, and have not now, any desire to become a politician, in the sense in which the word is usually understood; but we con fess that,it is a cherished wish with us to ad vance the true interests of California. We de sire to see her take that rank which her com mercial position on the coast of the Pacific, her untold mineral wealth, and her great agri cultural resources point out as her destiny; and we desire that she on whom all eyes are turned, and from whom so much is expected, should not seem ignorant of her own illimita ble resources, nor prove recreant to the great principles which were the first political lessons of her citizens,and which the world expects her to avow and maintain. Every person appears to be convinced that the slavery question, under the complexion that it now wears in the Atlantic States, de feated the numerous attempts made in the last Congress to giv*e to California a territorial or ganization, and all men ought to be as firmly assured that, unless the citizens of California settle that question for themselves, and do so at once, it will prevent defeat, or at least pro tract for years to come, the establishment of any government in the country. Independent of the moral considerations which weigh so heavily in the balance against slavery, and which we have neither time nor room to repeat, as a matter of expediency—as a means of giv ing to this country a government —it is neces sary that the people should insert in their con stitution a clause forbidding the introduction of negro or other slavery. The highest, noblest dictates of humanity demand it; the progres sive doctrines of republicanism cannot be main tained without it; and the interests of the mass, the people, those who dig and delve, and earn their bread, and learn self-respect and enter prise from the necessities of labor, render it imperative. There must be no slurring over or avoiding the question. The South have contended that it is a question which should be left to the citi zens of each State to decide, and they cannot complain if we decide against it; whilst the North have asserted that.it was a principle with them which they. are. bound to maintain at any and all hazards, and that? therefore they can never consent to-the extension of slavery into California. True, the men who arts most vo ciferous are probably the least sincere ;~but the political character of the question has become such that the great controlling mass of the North would undoubtedly agree with and sus tain their representatives. •We do not fear to assert, then, that a State Constitution for California which does not con tain a provision against slavery will never be allowed to go into effect by the Congress of the United States, and we are still more firm in our convictions that the people of California would never approve such a document. It then follows that the people of the differ ent districts, in their primary meetings, must see that their opinions in this matter are ex pressed and understood. No man should go to the Convention whose feelings on this sub ject are unknown, and whose views do not coincide with the majority of those whom he represents, and every proper effort should therefore be made to accomplish this result. We abhor proscription, but we feel, at the same time, that great interests are at stake, which call for vigilance, firmness, and, above ail, a fair and full expression of public senti ment. Let us but have this, and the conse quences will not be regretted. From China.—Advices from China as late as May 3d. have been received. The papers contain no news of importance. From them it would seem that the smuggling and piratical practices of the Chinese are not decidedly frowned upon by the Mandarins. The Friend of China and the Mail, both in cline to the belief that much of what passes as piracy is but the work of the Chinese boatmen, employed in the smuggling trade, and who pay a proportion of their profits to the Manda rins for their non interference. These boat men attack the boats of foreigners engaged in smuggling, and which pay no revenue, and thrts try to drive them from the trade. The Mandarins incite them to this as their interests are involved, and the foreigners cannot apply to the representatives of their Governments as their trade is illegal. Affairs in Venezuela.—lnsults to Americans. By the arrival of the brig Potomac at N. York from Maracaibo, we have additional intelli gence from that distracted country. It would t-eem that the whole country is in a state of re volution. The greatest animosity prevails to wards American citizens by the government officers: their houses are searched, under the pretence ol suspicion of there being disaffec ted pei s secreted therein ; their property sacrifici ; and themselves in many instances thrown ipto prison. Soon after the intelligence ofthe landing of Gen. Paez at Coro, the house of the American Consul, at Maracaibo, was attacked at night, by the soldiers, said to be headed by some of the principal officers of the city, and severely pelted with stones and other missiles. One American merchant was con fined in prison, and others had their houses ta ken from them, by order of the Governor, who threatened, if they did not give them up with out any remonstrance, to imprison them. British Guiana.— Advices from Georgetown Demarara, t<> the sth ult. inclusive, have been received at New York. The following extract from the Colonist of the 4th, has much mean ing in it— The anniversary of American independence was celebrated in our harbor, to day, with all *>««c (•«»■**»r*«. lit addition ur the uutiouul Hug which streamed proudly from the Montezuma and other noble vessels now in port, the thun dering of cannon, kept up for several hours, not only gratified the p itriotie AnHiMg or our fcrCYhrm, but awakened in the minds ofthe reflecting. thoughts pregnant with life and interest. The inhabitants of the American States were once British subjects—so now are we; they were oppressed by an oilicial sec tion at home—so now are we; they resisted, persevered, and are now a great and powerful people. We have resisted—shall we submit, and be trampled upon, or shall we persevere, and be free members of the great and world spread British family I Peru— The anniversary of American Inde pendence was celebrated at Callao by a salute of 30 gnus from the Savannah, which was re turned from the Fort and all the English, French, and Peruvian men-of-war. The lung talked of railroad between Lima and Callao, is shortly to be commenced. William Randall, of West Point, New York is in prison at Lima, charged with disorderly conduct, lie has been detained in prison for aix months on this frivolous pretext, unable to procure a trial or discharge. The opening of the session of the chambers has been delayed beyond the appointed time, in consequence of no quorum being attainable bit.ierto. Much anxiety was felt for the result and the 16th June was fixed upon a- the final day. The trial of Gen. Iguain was not yet concluded: he has appealed to the Council of State on the ground of irregularity of pro ceedings. The deficit for the year in the pub lic revenue was considerable. Interesting from Bolivia.— The news from Bolivia is still of distraction. A gentleman, writing thence, on the PJth June, says: •'On the I Oth, there occurred at Cobija, what these villains call a re-action, and on the 11 th Gen. Guillarte, the Governor, was barbarously murdered in his own house. The soldiers threatened to sack the town, which placed the merchants in great peril, and many of them had to remove their books, papers and persons to other houses, for the chance of better secu rity.” The movement of Guillarte. in Cobija was in opposition to Belzu. on the occasion of a reverse which he had sustained in the occupa tion of Potosi, by the Linares party. Against this movement, however, the soldiers rebelled, attacked the house of the Prefect, and shot him there. It is slated that, when Gen. Belzu entered one of the towns, lately, the inhabitants turn ed out in large numbers to welcome him.— They even proceeded so far as take him up and carry him bodily upon their shoulders, in ecstatic delight and democratic love. But. when at the conclusion of the performance, he was placed on the ground again, he found the "dear people" had stolen his spurs ! Important kkom Nicaragua. —We have received, says the New York Herald, some important intelligence from Nicaragua. It comes to us in letters, dated at the city of Gre nada. Lake Nicaragua, on the Sth nil: According to these letters, S*hiioso, at the head of four thousand men, had assaulted the city of Nicara gua, destroyed it by tire, and sacrificed the lives of its inhabitants. Shu•*> did not obtain much wealth by this assault; a smalt amount only of gold, silver, and jewelry, tell into his hands; but the total amount ot property destroyed exceeded two millions. It i not possible that ail the inhabitants of the city were sacrificed; mmuo must have escaped. Th» terrible affair had aroused Munos, who had ga’.h. re«i a force of seven hundred and fifty regulars, with whom he was advancing to meet Somoso, and it was expected that a battle between them would take place on that day—the Sth ult. The experience of Mimnw and the superior discip line of his tn»ops, gives those acq'iainted with the country and the people, reason to believe that he will triumph over Sosooe». It is stated tn be the genera! ; tupre» on in Nicara gua, that the movements of' Smnoao are influenced more or less by English agents. Ih ■ ir.'.j 11 g vci •.:■.?cn; is- a proclamation, calling ail ciuxens, from sixteen tn t» t v ye-vrs of age to anus > - r S “ > the anarchical movements of Somoso \ ’ ' ' ' - r.n tike lan ***** r > • -o. “the usurpation of Eag- lanJ ni‘»entm : !:c M » . • \V » another source, that Eaehnd refuses tr. ; • her subsidy to th Mose K-.u • - n.l •»». Mr. Chi San J tint is n w called Grvv Vown771. 1 . J . b * ' ‘ ‘ I uk I’Ki'imf* C 'xnxpLmp Vi*it re B '*i * —The Boston papers state that a large an ’» n hu-iisjic meeting "a* hr; i n that cilv on Mondav evening io make sii:’..thb» arr ange, •neats, on the part of the c : . . u. ,>t Be- ton ’.o recen e Pre*.den; r g , ner The Stair and Citv author .vs have <- readv taken the necessary step* •. give the Oid Hero a warm reception. SiM’WhH 1-t o: - --Wc ..r i .. .. of papers to the I9th of Mav inclusive. Thev contain nothing of impcrunce. The great volcano in the Island of Hilo was m eruption, and threatened oenous damage to tne adjacent country. A telegraphic dispatch from Washington states j that the armed steamer Alleghany has been or dered Io sea under sealed orders Her desti nation i* supposed to be thu Gull', near Cuba. I MONDAY MORNING, AUGUST 20, 1 849. Nankin. —Most, if not all the nankin now sold in our markets, (says the Scientific American,) is of American fabric, it is manufactured from nankin cotton, grown in Georgia, and is spun and woven at the Lonsdale Mills in Rhode Island. The culture of the nankin cotton was introduced to this country by the late John Forsyth, formerly minister to Spain af terwards Secretary ot State, under the administration of General Jackson and Martin Van Buren. It is now grown in large quantities by many of the plant ers ot Georgia, and commands a ready sale at high prices. Mr. Forsyth procured the seed from the American Constil at Canton, and, at the outset, the project of growing it in this country was deemed wild and chi merical. It is of a darker hue than the China arti cle, and not as handsome. The Scientific American is quite at fault in relation to the quantity of Nankin Cotton now grown in Georgia. It is not so prolific as the different varieties of white, and as the price for the last few years has seldom ruled above ten cents, its culture has been almost entirely aban doned. It has been manufactured into an imi tation of the India Nankeens almost entirely on account of Augusta merchants, of whom Thomas G. Casey’, now’ of New York, was •T’ pioneer. More recently it has been exten sively manufactured for A. Sibley’ and T. S. Metcalf, and a large lot is now in progress for Messrs. Adams and Fargo of this city, Os this latter lot we have recently seen some spe cimens which are equal if not superior to any we have ever seen. The President’s Proclamation* We have laid before our readers the Procla mation of President Taylor, in relation to the armed expeditions said to be organising in the South-Western sections of this country. The objects of these expeditions, says the Baltimore American, are not clearly defined, and several points are designated as the probable places contemplated to be taken possession of. Among others, it seems that Cuba is supposed to be the threatened point. Knowing nothing of the special information which the Government may have received, we should be inclined to the opinion, from previous and from I the general tenor of probabilities, that Tampico j-and the country were most likely I aimed at. I Butin < is tit J? ly and appropriate. lu view of the aggres sive disposition so rife in some parts of the country, the public will appreciate the prompt and firm determination of the Government to preserve our neutral relations, and to suppress all unlawful combinations against the peace and the rights of nations with which we are in amity. We might pause for a moment to con sider what would have been the course of a Cass Administration under similar circumstan ces. The reflection is worthy of a thought. That there is a design in some quarters to attempt to revolutionize the Sierra Madre de partments of Mexico, and to effect their sepa ration from the Mexican Republic, we do not doubt. It is not of sudden origin. The thing was contemplated at the close of our war with Mexico, and there is every reason to believe that the preliminaries of an organization for that purpose were then arranged. The pre ferred plan was to get up an insurrection among the Mexican population of the Sierra Madre region; and with that as a starling point the armed adventurers from the United States were to go over to help the insurgents, con duct their revolution, control its result, and es tablishan independent Republic to be hereafter annexed to this Union. We shall be willing to confess our mistake if the present movement against which the President’s Proclamation is directed, be not part and parcel of the project here referred to. Premiums for Wheat* We invite the attention of wheat growers throughout the region accessible to this mar ket, to the following circular of Messrs. Cole man and Cunningham. Augusta Flouring Mills. The time for awarding the liberal premiums offered by these gentlemen draws near, and those who design contending for the prizes must bestir themselves: To Wheat Growers. --The subscribers, propri etors ofthe Merchant Mills in Augusta, beg leave to remind those who contemplate contending for the pre miums offered by them for the best Wheat, that the time expires on the first Tuesday of September next. Those, therefore, who desire to contend for said premiums are requested to bring in their loads, ns none brought after tint day can compete —notice haring been given by the undersigned to one who has delivered his load, to that effect. The following are the premiums offered : 3100 (in a Silver Pitcher) for the best 50 bush.of wheat 75 do. for the second best ** 50 do. “ third best “ 25 do. « fourth best “ The grain to be delivered in Augusta on or be fore the first Tuesday in September, 1849. JAMESS COLEMAN. JOHN CUNNINGHAM. Tj” Editors friendly to the cause, will please no tice. Kentucky and Indiana Elections.—We give the results of the Congressional elections in the States of Kentucky and Indiana, as cor rected Dy the latest reports: Kentucky. hast Congress. Next Congress. 1 Lynn. Hand. Lynn Boyd, 2. Samuel O. Peyton, James L. Johnson, 3. Beverly L. Clark, Finis E. McLean, 4. Ayktt Buckner, Geo. Alf. Caldwell, 5. John B. Thompson, John B. Thompson, 6. Green Adams, Daniel Breck, 7. Garrett Duncan, Humphrey Marshall,. 8. Charles S. Morehead, Charles S. Morehead 9. Richard French, John C. Mason, 10. John P. Gaines, Richard 11. Stanton, [The names of the Democrats are put in italics. Toe Delegation from Kentucky is politically divided as in the last Congress—six Whigs and four Demo crats. | Indiana. 1. Elisha Etnbree, Nathaniel Albertson, 2. I'wmas J. Henley, Cyrus L- Dunham, 3. John L. Robinson, John L. Robinson, I. Caleb B. Smith, Geo. W. Julian, f. s. 5. William 11. M ick, William J. Brown, 6. George G. Dunn, llillfe A. Gorman, 7. Rich. W. Thompson, Edw. W. McGaughey, 8. John Pettit, Joseph E. McDonald, 9. Charles H. Cathcart, Graham N. Fitch, 10. llilliam Rockhill, AndiewJ. Harlan. [Of the Indiana Delegation in the last Congress the N' higs ha«l four members. They now have but one member. Th** Free-soil member was elected over a regularly nominated Whig by the aid of the Demo crats. } American Sympathy with Hungary.—The Mayor of Boston has called a meeting of the citizens at Faneuil Hall to-day to sympathise with the Hungarians. A similar meeting was held on Tuesday evening in Philadelphia. At the little town of Paris. Ky.. theae were twenty-one deaths from cholera on the 30th ultimo. The Result in Alabama.—The Tuscaloo sa Monitor of the 15th inst., says: For the first time in the history of Alabama, the W higs have the ascendency in one of its legislative bodies— the Senate is Whig. In the House, we have gained I t members, and lost 7. Had our friends, in the counties in which these losses occurred, stood manfully and faith fully by their candidates, we should, this day. have been proudly enabled to announce, that Alabama, freed from the bondage of locofoco isrn. was “ redee med. regenerated and disen thralled.** Steamboat Accidents.— The mail boat Pike Xo 9 met a slight accident on the Ist inst.. on her downward trip to Louisville, by sinking a log near Warsaw bar. It only caused a slight leak, which wet a portion of hemp and slightly damaged some dry goods. The otfi' -ers of the Pike report that the steam er Wisconsin, when they met her a short dis tance ab' ive Madison, was on tire in the ladies* cabin. They apprehended no serious damage, howevf r Pic. lUh inst Father Mathew, writing from Boston, in re ply tc« the letter of invitation from the Phi ladel phia committee to visit that city, says: I find the people of this city, and the adja cent towns. so anxious to take the total.absti ne .ice pledge, that I cannot possibly reach Philadelphia before another month. As soon a.«. I can arrange for the precise day. 1 shall have the pleasure of giving you early intima tion. Singular Disclosures.—The New York Mirror alluding to the arrest of a Mr. Edmund Goldsmith, in the New York Custom House, on suspicion of having been concerned in the robbery of Messrs. Hildeburn A Brothers, jew ellers. of Philadelphia, of a number of gold watches. Ac., worth some $15,000. says : There appears to be little doubt that the "Confidence Man” was the principal in this affair, and that the property in question has < been used for the purpose of procuring bail; i indeed the Herald charges that $ 1,000 worth ! of itiese watches were sold, or placed as colls- 1 ter al security to certain parties, for the sum of 1 purpose. This SBOO was ex- ’ b austed in the purchase of straw bail, the bail ’ run away and the whole affair exploded. Look > out tor some queer developements in tins case. ‘ The same paper says— < “The incarceration of the “Confidence ? Man. is likely to lead to some extraordinary t developments hi regard to the administration . of justice in this city. The publication of a : I 1 - ’ ’ \ • meaner or crime, will undoubtedly ead to I thorough m vestigation; it’a I stones are true or ! • th< j aie on j half tr io ti •re is i sysu mos ‘’i,.|.-iry practiced oat door*, in connection with | stralions of n this citv We advise t e District V - I torney. ui a. fr’endhiwss. for the sake of his I own reputation as wed as the integrity of the law. to see that no unholy alhauces between crimia and are permitted to interfere with l ie prompt execution of J istice. Canadian Affairs —Montreal. Jiv 15 — .1. .V —Thee y s quiet. The placard is? ued I I by the Britton’s Ctub” last evening was un xuhonxed. but double quarrels bare occurred at me Government House, and there is a gen end of arrests. For the Chronicle Jf Sentinel. Messrs. Editors : I believe it to be generally admitted that the Whig party of “Old Burke,” having a majority of 150 to 200, is certainly entitled to the representation in oar State Le gi stature. If we are not misled by signs in the ” Po litical Zodiac”—unless some plan be devised for the union and harmony of the party, dis tracted by too many “ aspirants for office. ” a shameful and ruinous defeat awaits us in the approaching October elections. In anion con sists our political strength and organization— or as more beautifully and classically express ed : By union, the smallest States thrive and flourish-—by discord, the greatest are wasted and destroyed. The policy at present in vogue in our coun ty, of candidates nominating themselves for im portant offices of profit, honor and trust, has, at last, as was long anticipated, produced serious results— division and distraction — consequent upon there being more candidates in the field, for legislative preferment, than would be ne cessary to represent several such counties as Burke. In consideration of these facts, it was thought advisable and absolutely necessary by the whigs present at a Temperance Barbecue on yester day in the upper part of Burke— if the propo sition meet the concurrence and approval of the Whig party generally— that we assemble en masse on the first Tuesday in next month (Sep tember) at the Court-house in Waynesboro, then and there to determine, by ballot, which candidates are the choice ofthe party to repre sent the county of Burke in the next Legisla ture. For ourselves we entertain no personal pre ference in this matter, and are assured, we do the patriotic Whigs of Burke but justice in ad ding that they will rally cherfully to the sup port of our nominees, not pausing to ask the paltry question, “ Does the nomination consist of our favorites ?” but that other, and the only rational and safe inquiry, “Net our standard bearers honest, and capable, and sound in the faith ?” With our best wishes for the harmony and success of the Whig party in Burke—and that its puhtieat urgauttatioA ” rgay be placed ojg, astroug and enduring basis, which no adverse circumstances for the future, shall be able to reach. We are, dear sir, your fellow Whigs, August 18th, 1849. . From the Washington Republic. Honorable Albert Gallatin* This distinguished and venerable gentleman died at Astoria, Long Island, near the city of New York, on the 12th inst., at the advanced age of 82. Anoth er and probably the brightest of ihe public men whom the country has in a short time been called on to de plore. The death of Mr. Gallatin was not unexpected, for his health had become so feeble that at any time during several years an announcement of his decease would have created no astonishment. Born in Ge neva, Switzerland, on the 20th of January, 1761, an orphan from his infancy, he was educated by distant relations, and in 1779, was graduated in the law fa culty of the distinguished university of his native city. He was a pupil of the celebrated historian Muller, and a companion of Dumont, the friend and literary executor of Jeremy Bentham. In opposition to the wishes of his friends Mr. Gallatin, at an early age, emigrated to the United States, and landed at Boston, July 14, 1780. Recommended to the notice of Dr. Franklin, by the French moralist, Laßochefoucauld, he soon found himself in the midst of all that was good and great in the society of the country. After a brief sojourn, however, in Boston, he proceeded to Mjine, where he served under the orders of Colonel Allan, commander of Fort Machias. Even thus early in his career, he was enabled to prove how sincerely he was attached to the cause of the country, by ad vances he made from his private means in a season of wan» and difficulty. In 1782 he became Professor of French at Harvard University, from wh ch, however, he soon removed to Virginia, and at Rictimond was engaged : n prose cuting claims of a foreign mercantile house against that commonwealth. He there acquired the friend ship of Lee, Henry, and other distinguished men, and for a long time meditated establishing himself there. This idea he, however, ultimately abandoned, and fixed himself in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, lu 1789 he was elected a inemberaof the convention *o amend the constitution of the State. In 1790 and ’9l, he was a member of the Legislature, and in 1792 a member of Congress. In 1793 he was elected a Senator ofthe United States, but was declared not entitled to a seat because not eligible under the Con stitution , he, however, occupied his seat for two months. In 1794 Mr. Gallaiin returned to Fayette county, having during his absence married thedaugn ter of the distinguished Commodore Nicholson, of the navy of the revolution. About this time the whisky insurrection broke out, and Mr. Gallaiin was conspicuous among that por tion ofthe community supporting law and order. In October, 1795, he was again elected to the State Le gislature, an<l on the same day (October 14) was cho sen to Congress from the district composed of Wash ington and Alleghany counties. He took his seat in December, 1795, and represented the district for three consecutive terms. On the inauguration of Mr. Jef ferson as President, Mr. Gallatin became Secretary ofthe Treasury. This was in 1601. The efforts of Mr. GaPatin to extinguish the national debt are well known and proven by the fact that between 1801 and 1812, under the system commenced by him, 852,- 400,000 of the 8100.000,000 owed were paid. In 1813 he was one of the commissioners to Ghent, and while absent from the United States negotiated the commercial treaty between the Union and Great Britain. From ]Bl6 to 1823 he was minister to France, and hi 1817 went on a special mission to the Netherlands, and in 1818 to England, to which country he became minister plenipotentiary in 1826. In 1827 he return ed lo America, and established himself in New York. From this period he, though deeply interested in po litLeul uxuUats, p*Mrt*oij*«Uxl wpCTiiy In putHtc as- fairs. As a writer Mr. Gallatin was well known. His essay on the northeastern boundary, his treatise on Mr. Jay’s map, and his works on the currency, com manded universal attention. Soon after his removal to New York. Mr. Gallatin became President of the National Bank of New York, and was unceasingly diligent in his efforts to promote the interests of the commercial community. For some years past Mr. Gallatin has contributed much to historical and eth nological science, and has finally sunken to the grave with unblemished reputation as a man, and with the highest position as a statesman, citizen and scholar. Alone and unaided, a stranger and unknown, he ex alted himself to the highest point the laws of his adopted country permitted, and made his career a brilliant commentary on the |>eriectness of American institutions. Oregon* Advices from Oregon to the 10th of June have been received at the War Department, which state that most of the white inhabitants have gone to the mines of California; that white labor can with difficulty be obtained al any price, and that Indian labor cannot be de pended upon. The Quartermaster’s barque Anita arrived at the mouth of the Columbia river on the 20th of May. fourteen days from San Francisco, in charge of Captain Rufus Ingalls, of the Quar termaster’s Department. He sailed up the river as far as Fort Vancouver, an establish ment of the Hudson’s Bay Company, where he found the steam propeller Massachusetts, and where two companies of the first artillery were already debarked and encamped near the fort. Captain Ingalls took charge of the Mas sachusetts, and. taking the Anita in tow, steam ed down the. river six miles to the mouth of the Willamette, and up the latter river twelve miles to Portland, which is the head of ship navigation, and about twelve miles below Ore gon city, the present capital. Both vessels were in the course of being laden with lumber lor the Government, to be used in erecting store houses and barracks in California, and expected to sail on the 12th June. It was Captain Ingulfs intention to visit Nis qually, or Puget’s Sound, where one of the artillery companies was to be stationed during the summer: and to visit as many points as possible of the territory. with a view of obtain ing a correct idea of its military resources. He states that as yet very little is known as to the interior, excepting the portion bordering on the rivers Columbia and Willamette. In re spect to this region he had obtained much infor mation from Gov. Lane. Judges Bryant and Pratt, and many intelligent officers of the Hud son’s Bay Company; but it all goes very little beyond the rivers. There is no road but the rough one of the emigrants from Fort Hall through to the valley of the Widamette. a dis tance of eight hundred miles. All communi cation between the different points is general ly effected by water, and it was thought quite impracticable to attempt to furnish supplies to any troops that may rest farther in the interior that Wallahwallah, though a small amount would be sent to Fort Hall, to meet the ride regiment which was expected to be there in September. Temporary quarters were to be erected for our troops, as the points of permanent military occupation would not be selected until the ar rival of Gen. Smith, who was expected to visit the territory in September.— Washington Ke public. Another Great Humbug.—An article in the last Federal Union, proposes that the State of Georgia issue her Bonds, at par value, in purchase of the stock of the Central Georgia and Macon and Western Railroads. The roads have cost their present owners nearly Nine Millions of dollars, and could not be purchas ed for less than seven millions cash, or eight millions in Bonds. The State already owes, or will owe, by the time the State Ro-d is com pleted. some tiro and a half millions. The proposition to speculate in Railroad Stocks, would therefore swell the State debt to about t’n and a half millions. We may. therefore, regard it ns another Locofoco Central Bank sc heme, to deceive and ruin the people. The Roads. if purchased, will at once become a great political engine, the power of which would be invoked at every election. They won Id fall alternately into the hands of petti foggers and upstart politicians each of phom, durm g their two year’s reign, would be anxi ous to curry favor with the people. The con sequence would be. that freights would be re dured and repairs and machinery neglected, and in a few years the roads would be ruined and the State bankrupted. The dear people would have to pay the piper, and charge the amount •• To Locofoco tax. incurred on ac count of the hatred of Railroad monopolies. ' We think the idea must have originated in the | capacious brain of the editor of the Union, while fumbling over the musty papers of the defunc t Central Bank — Macon Journal \ Mes senger. Revival of the Italuv Opera is New York.—According to the Herald the new en- ‘ terpr-je of Mr. Marshall, at the Broadway The- I atre. has been, thus tar. entirely successful. On Monday night the theatre presented the I coup iail ever witnessed in any : piste of amusement m the city. The house w as tilled in every part, and the performances, j both opera and ballet, went off with the great, j est eclat. The editor says that he has reason i to beheve that the Italian Opera is now esub- j fished on a better basis than ever in that city. Tlie Next House of Represent adves. The New York Express has the following tables, showing the probable state of parties in the next House of Representatives, which will no doubt be interesting to mary of our read- RESULTS SO FAR. NEW CONGRESS. OLD CONGRESS. W’. dr F. Soil. L. 4- F. Soil. W. L. Alabama-•«* 2 5 2 5 Arkansas, • • • 0 1 0 1 Connecticut-1 3 4 0 Delaware •••! 0 1 •••••0 Florida 1... 0 1 0 Georgia,-••-4 4 4 4 Illinois 1 6 1 6 Indiana 1 9 4 6 lowa 0- 2 0 2 Maine 2 5 1 A Massachu’ts-9 - V 9 0 Michiganl... • 2 0 3 Missouri •• .*0 5 0 5 New York 32 2 23 11 New Jersey-4 1 4 1 New Hamp-2 2 2-.••*•2 N. Carolina-6 3 6 3 Ohio 10 10 10 10 Kentucky ..-6 4 6 4 Peonsyl. ••-15 9 17 7 R. Island-.-! 0 1 0 S Carolina--0 7 0 7 Tennessee .-4 7 5 b Virginia •••• 1 14 6 3 Vermont •••-2 1 * Wisconsin •• 1 2 .0 2 107 104 110 101 This gives a “ Whig and Free Soil” majority, so fur, of three members. But in this are included Messrs. Giddings, of Ohio, and Allen, of Massachu setts, and they are political comets whose orbit is very uncertain. In the Locofoco Free Soifers are Messrs. Wilmot, of Pennsylvania, Preston King, of New York, an J Mr. Cole, of Wisconsin, whose orbits are all uncertain. Mr. Holmes of South Carolina, classed with the Locofocos, is a Taylor man. ELECTIONS TO TAKE PLACE. Rhode Island, (vacancy) •• • • Tuesday, August 28 Massachusetts, (vacancy) •• • • Monday, Sept. 10 Maryland Wednesday, Oct. 3 Louisiana Monday, Nov. 5 Mississippi Monday, Nov. 5 Ohio, (vacancy) Vermont, (vacancy) Sept. PROBABLE RESULTS. NEW CONGRESS. OLD CONGRESS. Whig. Loco. Whig. Loco. Louisiana 2 2 1 3 Massa. (vacancy) -1 0 1 0 Rhode Island----1 0 1 0 Maryland 4 2 4 2 Ohio, (vacancy)--0 1 0 1 Texas 0 2 0 2 Vermont I 0 1 0 Add chosen----107-..-104 110 101 117 114 119 112 -*■ .This shows that the handful of Free Soilers will the balance of power, but the Whigs will have tt|work bird in the few coming' elections to ’do as well as in the table we have laid out forthem. [According to the Tribune's table the whole num ber of Free Soilers elected is 13 ; of which number it classes eight as Whigs and five as Locofocos.} Cholera Remedy, N. Polk. Esq , the son of Gen. Thos.J. Polk, of Marshall county, Miss., writes to a gentle man in this city, detailing his experience dur ing the prevalence of the cholera on the Coast, immediately above New Orleans, where he has a large plantation. His advice is endorsed by a very respectable physician of this city; and, indisposed as we are to the publication of pre scriptions, we submit his communication to the public, as entitled, from the intelligence and respectability of its source, to investigation and consideration. We have no doubt but that Mr. P. relies upon his treatment only after the most careful and intelligent observations:— Memphis Eagle. Parish of St. Charles, La., ) July 23d., 184 J. S. I have escaped most remarkably both from high water and also from the cholera. My crop is fine, and I am happy to say thut 1 have not lost a single negro. I have attended to my plantation uyself, not having hail a single medical gentleman, in fact I could not get one. I attribute my success, with 150 ne groes on the plantation, to a strict law which I had fully and effectually carried out by the driver, in making all come immediately to the hospital when felling the feast unwell. My practice has been the following, which has cured in every case on my own plantation, and also upon my neighbors’, where ihe collapse has not taken place. This remedy 1 will give you, as it is called, “Col. N. Polk’s remedy for cholera,” and is thought highly of by all medical men. It is; one pint of Hoffman’s anodyne, one ounce of opium, one ounce of camphor, one ounce of cayanne pepper, one ounce of oil of cloves mixed, and give it io doses of 30 to 60 drops every 1, 2 or 3 hours, or oftener according to circumstances. Now, in some cases, this I have not thought (when the case was far advanced) was powerful enough, and I have, in such cases, followed it up with 20 grains of calomel and 10 of camphor, until frequently 1 have given as much as 180 grains of calomel and such a proportion of camphor, which has, in every case, cured. My experience has been very great, as I have made it a point to make it so. Respectfully, N. Polk. Newspapers in Turkey.—A recent letter from Constantinople speaks as follows of the press in Turkey : “ The cabinet of St. Peters burg express their anger at every step which the Turks make in civilization. The Turkish government is well aware that a free press is one ofthe most powerful instruments which can be employed in the regeneration of a coun try. There are in Constantinople at present two Turkish and two French papers. All four are paid by the Porte, for it would be impossi ble for the proprietor of a newspaper in Tur key to find a sufficient number of subscribers to pay the expenses of his establishment and ob tain some little remuneration beside. As far as regards the Turkish government, these news papers are at free in the expression of their opinions as any paper in London or Paris. The only restrictions under which they labor, are those inflicted on them by foreign embassies. But there is no embassy which exerts so se vere a censorship over them as the Russian. At the best times the journals contain little or no news, and are mostly filled with verbose specu lations upon the resources ot Turkey, and the future glory and power which the fates have in reserve for the Olio man empire The other day, however, two written in French, published some news from Hungary, brought by the Austrian courier. These articles alltided to a recent victory obtained by the Hungarians over the Russian ’roops. The susceptibility of M. de Titoff, the Russian ambassador, was a roosed. Surrounded by a body of attaches, he sought he presence of the Grand Vizier, who promised to punish the miserable editors, and with this assurance the Russian ambassador and his suite dashed out ofthe house.” Father Mathew Attacked.—The Bos ton Transcript, says, that Garrison, of the Li berator, has opened the port holes of that con cern, and tired a broadside at Father Mathew. The offence of the latter is that lie declined the invitation of a committee to attend rhe celebra tion of the anniversary of the abolition of Bri tish West India slavery; giving as his reason, that “he had as much as he could do to save men from the slavery of intemperance without attempting the overthrow of any other kind of slavery.” In retaliation, Mr. Garrison gives his version of an interview, which he and an other person had with Father Mathew, during which the latter is reported to have made use of the above expression. Why is it. says the New York Sun. that we have no naval force on the South Pacific coast of South America? Not a United States ves sel of any kind is stationed South of Panama, meanwhile American vessels are suffering oc casional disasters in the Straits of Magellan, and in the Horn passage, and all assistance de pends upon English or French vessels. The United Stales should have one or more vessels stationed at Valparaiso, to assist our merchant men in distress, and to watch the interests of our commerce. Illinois U. 3. Senator.—The St. Louis Era says, on the authority of a letter from one of the best informed politicians in Illinois, that there is not a reasonable doubt but Gen. Shields will be re elected to the Senate of the United States. The Era places the more confidence in this opinion from the fact that the writer pre fers a third person over the General. The Virginia Legislature will adjourn in a day or two. A proposition to close the session on Monday passed the House, but the Senate had »’ot completed its business. S2OO REWARD. BROKE JAIL, in Sampson county, North Carolina, on the night of the 14th inst., two pris oners. JOHN P. WILLIAMS and NEEDHAM STEVEN**, charged with stealing Negroes. Wil liams had been convicted and was awaiting the sen tence of the Court, and Stevens was awaiting his trial. Williams is about 35 or 40 years of age; 5 feet 6 or 7 inches high ; thick, well set frame ; w eighs about 140 lbs.; mouth large and lips little fieinting; eyes dark; eye-brows dark and heavy ; low square fore head; dark hair; a downcast surly look ; some limp ing, peculiarly in bis right foot with the toe turned in. Stevens is about 40 years of age; 6 feet high or upwards; large muscular frame; weighs about 175 lbs.; mouth rather large; lips thick; good teeth; blue eyes; high receding forehead; hair thin, and somewhat light originally, now a little grey; a fair skin, and fond of joking. I will give Two Hundred Dollars for their appre hension and confinement in any jail in the United States, so that I get them again, or One Hundred Dollars for one of them. A. B. CHESNUTT. Sheriff. Clinton. June 16, 1849. je23-w2ia SSO REWARD WILL BE paid to any individual who will furnish sufficient evidence to convict the white person who may be guilty ol harboring my >•, tv.tiii PHILLIS, or $lO for information of her whereabouts so that I get her. Phillis is a light col ored woman, raiher above the common sire; has a small patch of beard on her chin ; speaks a little bro ken ; she lived in Augusta several years; I pur chased her of Haviland, Risley & Co., in the spring of 1947. Her residence was near the lower market, m Augusta. She usually calls herself Phillis Ford. I gave her a pass to go to Augusta, on the night of the 3d of July, to return on the Monday following. She has not yet returned. I suppose she has a daugh ter living in Hamburg, and a son perhaps in Aiken. Any information will be thankfully received aud lib erally rewarded. Direct to JOHN DURDIN. P. M.. au6-w3 Ebenczer, Ga. BROUGHT TO JAIL, in Crawfordville, Taliaferro county. Georgia, a Negro boy who calls himself OLBERT, and says he belongs to one Silas Rolls, of Houston county, Ga. He is in clined to be yellow ; about 20 years old ; some ofhis up ['er front teeth out, with a scar on his left knee, occasioned by a scald (he says.) The owner is re quested to come forward, prove property, pay ex penses and take him out of jail. auS WM. ALEXANDER, Jailor, RAN AAA’A Y fr-'m the subscriber on the 2d Sjß of May. my boy TILMON. who I suspect of vegled o: r . Any information relating tv said boy will be thankfully received and liberally jewarded. E.iiion ;s about 2S years old; over six teet n gh, and :.as a scar on one of his knees, occa ' ■ • ’ rather dark oempleeted; full p n- a - * b J? 6k wa,k - B- M. HI BBARD. uenne i. C»re»-ne Co.. Ga., May 24. 1549. ts SSO REWARD RANAHAT from the subs-tr.ber on •4 " edDf9d »y niiht, the 16ih insu, mv yel y JOSH, orHARRAI is be Mils .* . ’’•* ni “ e * l »o>es; shoal 23 vests of age ; ste«6 toe!*, high; weighs abeat 135 pounds; ’-hies bead ot hair, pnuy long, and well known in this city. I wiil the a^T ' e re w-» r d for his delivery in the city jail, or to the store of Aldrich A Dreen. NATHANIEL GREEN. jy!2-rwdkvrtf » CAnqusta, @a.: TUESDAY MORNING, AUG, 1849, The Duty of Whigs. Ik all contests for a triumph of principles or measures, it is the duty of all those who advo cate a particular policy to unite in a common, harmonious effort to obtain success. No po litical party, no organization of whatever char acter or for whatever purposes, can hope to succeed while they are struggling against each other, instead of making common cause against the opponents of their principles. Un der the influence and control of such schisms and dissentions, defeat is the invariable conse quence, not only in the immediate canvass, but the ties which have heretofore bound them to gether, by degrees become loosened and they become alienated, until finally their organiza tion is entirely sundered, and they fall the easy victims of their opponents. These propositions are self-evident, and are familiar to every intel ligent, observant man. What, then, is the duty of the Whigs in the present crisis in Georgia? The canvass now progressing is a very im portant one. A Governor is to be elected and a Legislature upon whom devolves the impor tant duties of electing nine Judges of the Su perior Court and the State House officers, and enacting whatever legislation may be necessa ry for the good government of the people. It is highly important therefore that the united energies of the whole Whig party should be brought into harmonious action lo secure suc cess. For without union, harmony and con cert, certain defeat awaits us. There should be no heart-burnings, no jealousies, no schisms, no dissentions in the Whig ranks. But every man who professes to be a Whig from princi ple, and has any regard for t ’e success of the Whigs, should frown upon all efforts to: pro duce a schism in the party or distract its mem bers, no matter by what means it is attempted, whether by supernumerary candidates for the legislature or by any other; the effect will be the same and the consequences equally disas trous. Whenever, therefore, there is any dif ficulty as to who shall be candidates, it is the duty of the party to organize immediately a convention and regular and fair nomina tions, and every ?rit6 Whig should abide the decision of such a convetfwrT, and every good and true Whig will. Manufactures in Tennessee. We are pleased, highly gratified, to see the onward march of this young sister of the Con federacy in greatness, prosperity and wealth. No Slate in the Union has within her own bor ders more of the elements of true greatness in proportion to her territory than Tennessee, and all she wants to develope her resources fully, is to be relieved of that greatest of all curses to a State, narrow-minded, contracted, sectional politicians, such as have controlled foryears the destinies of South Carolina. correspondent of the Nashville Banner furnishes that paper with the following cheer ing picture of the growth of manufactures in Tennessee: “ In Hunt’s Merchants’ Magazine, of April, 1949, 1 find an estimate of the number of spindles in opera tion in February last, made by one of our intelligent citizens, Samuel I). Morgan, E>q. He pays, there were already, and soon to be put in operation in Mid dle Tennessee, inclusive of those ofthe Model Estab lishment at Lebanon, not less then 25,000 spindles; and in East and West Tennessee not less than 10,000 more. NN hich whould make the aggregate number at that period 35,000. During this and the next year there will be at least 20 or 30 000 additional. For there is now being erected a Factory at Lawrence burg that will operate 3,000 spindles; another in Hickman county ol 3,000 ; another at Pulaski of 3,000; another in Lawrence county, on the Bufftlo river, of 1,500; another at Nashville of 5,000, under the auspices of Gen. Barrow; another at Memphis of 3,000, under the auspices of Gov. Jones; another at McMinnville of 2,000; another at Sparta of 3 000 ; another at Knoxville of 3,000. Thus we see that Tennessee will soon have in her borders in operation more than 50,000 cotton and woollen spindles, which will annually consume some 25 or 30,000 bales of cotton, as much as is grown in Middle Tennessee, and exported from Nashville. Tennessee is rapidly fol lowing in the footsteps of Georgia. Georgia is al ready in coarse manufactured products, underselling in his own markets the Eastern manufacturer. So will Tennessee if she will persist in the glorious ca reer, she has so wisely commenced. For there is no State in the Union that can m nufacture so cheaply. She produces more provisions than any other State in the Union ; she has more coal than any other State ; her labor is as cheap, and she annually grows about 180,000 bales of cotton; besides if water power be a desideratum, she is in this, unrivalled ; and her posi tion is a central one. with outlets to all the markets of the world. She only need a judicious system of internal improvements lo develope her resources and hidden wealth, and then she will attain that meridian which the God of Heaven has designed her. For every species of mining and manufacturing will fol low ; these being the inseparable accompaniments of the former.” This writer has the intelligence to discern the true interests of his State and the manliness and patriotism to direct the attention of the public to the proper means to promote those interests. With such an aspirant in the field Georgia must be on the alert or her younger sister will dispute the position with her offend ing the van in this great and noble enterprise of developing the resources of the State and ameliorating the condition of her people. Public Libraries. —From a report of the Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Insti tute at Washington, we gather the following facts in reference lo the public libraries of the civilized world : Countries. No. of Libraries. Volumes. Germany, Austria, Switzerland-• 103 5.578,9.-0 France 241 4.771.000 Great Britain 31 2,001,000 Russia 120 1,321,115 United States 182 1,294.000 Denmark 13 660.000 Belgium 31 614,722 Sweden 16 358 000 Spain 21 354.000 Norway 14 157,783 Steam Communfcation with California.— An unbroken steam communication will soon be open ed between New York and the Atlantic coast gener ally, and ihe gold regions at the head waters of the Sacramento and San Joaquin, in the interior of Cali fornia! This fresh achievement of modern commer cial enterprise is secured by the measures of the house of Aspinwall & Co. y of the Pacific Steamboat Company, now in progress. They have already placed a small steamer (the Gen. Herrera) on the Chagres river to take passengers from their steam ships tn Cruces, and three similar vessels—the frames and engines having been sent out some time since will be placed on the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers about the Ist of October, in readiness to take them from the Pacific steamers directly to the “dig gings.” So that within 60 days there will be an en tire line of steam navigation from our Atlantic cities to the gold mines —with the exception of the 22 miles on the Isthmus from Cruces to Panama; and this short track will be supplied with a railroad with in 18 months. We see it stated that Capt. Gunnell, late of the Philadelphia and Delaware steamboats, and more recently commander of the sea steamer Sea Gull, running between New York and Balti more, who was a passenger in the Crescent Citv, has the general superintendence of the new boats to be put together at Chngres and San Francisco, and will himself command one of those to run on the Sacameu to. — Baltimore American. No event could more forcibly illustrate the enterprising spirit, and the zeal and energy of the American people, than the facts disclosed in the above paragraph. But a year ago Cali fornia became ours by treaty, a region of coun try of which we knew but little, save its princi pal ports, and with them it required months to communicate. Now we are on the eve of a steam communication, by which passengers and the mails will be transported in one month from remote parts of the Union to San Fran crsco. Jonathan has long been distinguished for his enterprise and industry, but we think no event in our history has contributed so much to the establishment of our claim to so much go a-head-itiveness as our peopling California and establishing therewith such facilities of communication in so short a period. The Customs at New York.—The receipts of the N. Y. Custom House are said to be un usually large at the present time, reaching in the neighborhood of one million a week.— Wednesday last was the heaviest day ever known in custom house annals, the deposits in cashier’s office reaching tico hundred and forty five thousand dollars, an amount which exceeds by over twenty thousand dollars, the receipts of any previous day. Mr. W’ise.a Virginia farmer, has recently succeeded in covering with a fine growth of natural hair the heads of several gentlemen of Richmond, some of whom had been bald for many years. He causes the new hair to ap pear in from four to nine days. The steamship Empire City sailed from New York fur Chagres on Thursday afternoon with two hundred passengers for California. Reverse of Fortune. —Os all the members of the French Provisional Government of 1848. Lamartine and Cremieux alone are now in the Assembly. All the others are in dis grace or exile. Public Debt of Canada. —Mr. Hincks, in spector-general. has published in London a pamphlet relative to the finances of Canada, by which we learn that the provincial debt is $20,832,561. which is higher than the liabilities of anv State in the Union. Pennsylvania and New Y ork excepted. Mr. H- calculates that the public works, which have cost, as he states. $18,000,000, will only bring a revenue this year of $200,000, or a little over one per cent. J. P. Penick. Esq., was nominated as a can didate for Representative, by the W higs of -Morgan County, at the meeting held in Madi son. The steamer Cambria sailed from Boston the 15th inst. at noon, for Liverpool, via. Hali fax. with 2* passengers for the former port, and 4 for the latter. ” Sue carried no specie. TELEGRAPHIC NEWS. M Transmitted for the Chronicle <fc Sentinel* < LATER FROM EUROPE . ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMER HIBERNIA. One Week’s Later Intelligence. THE HUNGARIANS STILL Vic torious. TURKEY IN ARMS. Baltimore, August 16th, A. M. The steamer Hibernia arrived at Halifax on Tuesday, and at Boston last night. She left Liverpool on the 4th inst. Her intelligence is highly important : > Hungary, The Hungarians still continued successful ; the Austrians and Russians were beaten at all points, and the latter completely cut off from their base of Operations. The people of Hungary were greatly exci ted,and were supplying food, horses, and other necessities to the Hungarian army, as well as intelligence of every movement of the enemy. The spirit of the people of Hungary seems everywhere thoroughly aroused to the im portance of the desperate conflict going on. The Austrian General Jellachich was at la test accounts in Tull retreat before Dembinski, the Co-minander-in-Chief of the Hungarian ar my—who reported his victory in three words, “Bern—Bam —Bawm.” The intelligence of the great Hungarian victory at VVaitzel —rumored by last steamer— is confirmed. The latest intelligence by this arrival, also states that the Hungarians had fought and gain ed another great battle at Eselin. The charges of the Hungarian cavalry, are again said to have been the most brilliant on military re cord. France* The President of France was still supposed to be aiming at the Imperial Crown. The Pope had not yet returned to Rome. The Harvests throughout France promised abundantly. Charles Albert is dead. Garibaldi is reported to have sailed for A merica. Turkey. The Turkish Government, following up its recent protest against the transit of Russian troops across her territory, had sent an army of 80,000 men to prevent the Russians from crossing Transylvania. Russia. An extensive conspiracy to establish a re publican government in this country has just been discovered. Liverpool Cotton Market. Liverpool, Aug. 4. —The demand for Cotton has been moderate, and the operations more limited than for some time previous. The sales of the week amount to only 42,200 bales of which speculators have taken 9,300, and exporters 5,700,—the prices for American descriptions of Upland ranging from 4J a 5Jd.; Orleans 4 a 7d. ; Mobile 4| a sjd. The market closes with prices in favor of buyers. Havre Market. Cotton. —The market was dull with small sales, yet at a slight advance in prices. Liverpool Corn Market. LIVERPOOL, Aug. 4. —The prospects of an abundant harvest have caused a depression in all kinds of breadstuff's, particularly in Indian Corn, which is now worth 24s a 25s 6d per 480 lbs. The sales of Flour have been limited, and prices are in fa vor of buyers. ?Sound America! is scarce at 24s a 255; inferior uninspected 20 to 21s per t bl. Charleston Market. Monday, August 20, P. M.— Cotton. — The trans actions of the last three business days amount to only 400 bales at extremes ranging from 8A a 9jc. Prices are stationary. The line is down north of Raleigh. THE HIBERNIA’S NEWS. From a dispatch to the Baltimore American we copy a few items of intelligence not con tained in our dispatch of Friday last. The Hibernia arrived at Boston on Wednesday night: The steamer Canada made her passage to Liverpool, from Boston, in nine days and twen ty hours. England and Ireland.— The Queen having quitted Osborne House for Ireland on the Ist inst.. the Parliament was prorogued by com mission. The speech delivered at the close con tains nothing very novel. The inhabitants of Cork. Dublin and Belfast are making the most active preparations to give a loyal and enthusiastic reception to the Queen, and political feelings aye almost forgotten in he general excitement which prevails. A discovery has been made by chemical pro cess to make available the vast peat bogs of Ireland, and a gentleman named Owen, assist ed by Lord Ashley, is making the adventure to a considerable extent. By a detailed statement it appears that 100 tons of peat, which cost £B, and the labor of converting it a farther £B, produced no lent* an amount than £9l 16 8. Mr. Owen, it is said by Lord Ashley, has ex perimented upon thousands of tons of peat during the last twelve months, with similar re sults. Liverpool, Aug. 4,1849. —Trade has continu ed quiet butsteady, and cotton has been in mo derate demand. The prospect of the harvest being of the most favorable • character and an absence as yet of any disease in the potato crop, has tended to lower the prices of bread stuffs here. The weather continues excedingly fine, and is forcing on the grain crops to maturity. The harvest has commenced in the Southern dis tricts of England and the appearance of all the grain crops promises a very abundant yield. Prices are unchanged. The funds this week have been less buoyant, and on Thursday the Consols opened at a de cline of i per cent, and only partially recover ed at the close, leaving oil' at 92| to ]. Yes terday they closed at 92] to J. Money is still abundant, and can be obtained on the terms last noted. Hungary.— The London News of August 3d has Vienna papers to July 28. The English papers with the Hungarian debate had arrived and the Vienna public were occupied exten sively in studying the translations which ap peared on the above dale of Lord Palmerston’s speech. This it is said has been a clap of thunder to the Ministers. The news of Georgey having beaten the Russians at Jasseo, entered Raschau and crossed the Theiss, came at the same time, and already there were rumors of intentions to negotiate for peace. Temeswar is reported to have surrendered to the Magyars. The Ban Jellachich was continuing his retreat toward the South of Syrmia. In a late despatch, Bern says, “ Our army requires now*to conquer only two Generals more—Julius and Augustus.” Letters from Cracow of June 23d say that a number of Russian troops, who were on the point of leaving that city for Hungary had re ceived counter orders. Twenty railroad wag ons had arrived recently in Cracow, filled with wounded Russians. From, the Postscript of the Liverpool Courier, Aug. 4. The accounts from Hungary through Paris, Vienna and Cologne, announce another battle in Hungary and another victory for the Hun garians at Ezlau. It. appears that the troops of Dembinski and Paskiewitch cartie to an en gagement, which ended in the defeat of the Russians. Paskiewitch is cut oft’ from the line of his operations, and Dernbinski. Bern and Georgey are in communication. Haynau is described as in a most perilous situation. The Magyar generals are masters of the whole line from Esseg to Assova. facilitating their communications with Belgrade and the Turkish provinces. The Cabinet of Vienna are obviously in a state of alarm. A peremptory order has been issued prohibiting the purchase of foreign stock, shares. &c. The object being, it is sup posed, to prevent money being sent out of the country. On the 15th of July a desperate bat tle was fought at Waitzen, between the Rus sians. commanded by Paskiewitch, and the Hungarians, under Georgey. in which the former were defeated. The army of Georgey has broken through the fines and marched north, thus effecting a junction with the main army. A letter from the seat of war says: “ The attack of the Hungarians upon Pas kiewitch s division was tremendous, and the Russians were borne down and compelled to yield before the terrible onslaught of the Mag yars. who fought with unexampled courage and daring ’’ Another letter describes the Russian retreat to Dunakess as a disorderly flight before Dem binski’s hussars, and says that the Russians were only saved from annihilation by the arri val ofßemberg It was admitted in Vienna on the 20th that the victory of the Hungarians at Waitzen had been complete. There has been a change in the Austrian ministry. The Hungarian Victories. The following account of the late Hungarian victories is from the London Examiner, Since our last accounts the Hungarians have been victorious both in the north and south. In the latter division of the kingdom the arrny of the Ban has been completely crushed. The engagement took place at St. Thomas, on the 14th. The Magyars, whose numbers are laid at 66.000, are said to have been command ed by Bern, whom Gen. Grotenhelm's bulle tins represent as having been defeated by him four days earlier, on the 10th. at Bistritz, on th< eastern extremity of Transylvania, and 400 miles from the scene of the Ban’s overthrow. Leaving this riddle to be cleared up by later reports, there is no doubt of this blow, which has been long expected by the Hungarian par ty. having been planned by Bern. Great demonsrrations were made a? Perlass. opposite to Titel. and the Servian general. Kniczman, devoutly believing in the sincerity of these, and that it was the settled intention of the Magyars to cross the Thiess at this point, continued to dig trenches and plant stockades with the utmost assiduity, while the main corps of the Hungarians passed the river at OBeckse. One of the firstconsequences of this victory will be the relief of Peterwarden. In the north a battle was fought at Waitzen. on the 17th instant, in which Gen. Georgey broke through the lines of Imperialists, and in flicted upon them severe loss. The ‘‘ Weiner Zeitung ' publishes on this subject a bulletin by the Prince Paskiewitch. which is indefinite in the extreme, and it makes no mention of the fearful loss which, according to private advi ces, the Russians sustained. The report of Prince Paskiewitch simply states that on the 15th the Hungarian army marched upon Wait zen, which was then occupied by a Russian Mussulman regiment, which, according to former orders, fell back as the enemy advanc ed. At night General Georgey had secured a strong position before Waitzen. His army was estimated at 44,000 men with 120 pieces of ariillery. He was at once attacked by the ad vanced guard of the Russians under General Sass, but his powerful artillery foiled all at tempts that were made to dislodge him. The cannonade on either side was violent, and the Hungarian cavalry executed several violent charges upon the Russians The bulletin adds that the Russians recovered their position, and subsequently captured some arms and prison ers, but the fact would appear to be that the Russians in the first instance retreated to Duna Keesh, midway between Waitzen and Pesth. Private accounts which may be relied on in contradistinction to the lying bulletins of Pas kiewitch, state that Gen. Sass had advanced to Waitzen on the 15th, and that Georgey, march iug along the left bank of the river, took up a strong position near Waitzen. At this junc ture, Gen. Dembinski’s army of 40,000 men, which had been slowly edging away from the mining districts, came down upon Gen. Sass, who was compelled to retreat to Duna Keesh. The Austrian general, Remberg, hearing at Pesth of the defeat of the Russians, left that city, hastened to their support, and succeeded in stopping the progress of Dembinski’s army, which eventually fell back upon Waitzen. The Austrian Commander-in-chief has advanced with his main army to Pesth, leaving the second division in the island of Shutt, and the divisions under Generals Grabb and Schlick on either bank of the Danube, to lay siege to the fortress ofComorn, while Haynau, it is expected will inarch his third division and reserve to the suc cor ofthe Ban of Croatia. Further accounts state that after giving Pas kiewitch the slip on the night of the 16th, Georgey marched by the Geograd road, north ward of the Tatra mountains Reaching at Balassa Gyarmath the valley of the Ipoly, he continued his march by the broad easy road which runs along this river to Izosonez, and from thence gained Rima Szombath. Georgey, having baffled Rudigers’s pursuit, proceeded from Rima Szombath to Rosenau. He first met the Russian outpost of the north at Jaszo, and in this neighborhood he gained a complete victory over a strong corps. The Russian garrison at Kaschau was struck with conster nation at the sudden appearance of a Hunga rian army. The new burgo master and the war committee there established fled to St. Miskolez. The garrison dropped all thoughts of de fence, and the Magyars entered without oppo sition. Kaschau, in astrategetic point of view, is a highly i mportant place. On this account it was fortified by Paskiewitch, and made the head depot of the commissariat supplies from Poland and Gallicia. From Kaschau, Georgey marched towards the Theiss, which he was to cross at Tokay and Tarzal. The Russian de tachments left on the other bank are irretrieva bly lost. The Theiss is, as in the past winter, the line of operations. The road to Gallicia lies open on one side, and communications are established on the other with Dembinski. Temesvar is reported to have surrendered to the Magyars. It was reported at Vienna that the Russian reserve army of 80,000 men, now in Gallicia, had received instructions to advance into Hun gary. The garrison of Peterwarden has been relieved, and the new garrison provided with victuals for eight months. The fortifications, too, have been strengthened, so that the fortress is now again equal to a siege of many months The fortress of Arad has likewise been put in a state of defence, and the command there has been given to Gen. Guyon. On the 13th inst. the Hungarian armies held the following positions:—Gen. Aulich with 15,000 regularsand 20,000 well disciplined le vies, was at the Flatten Lake; 14,000 regulars and a vast number of levies were on the banks of the Waag; 30.000 were in and around Co morn. Dembinski’s force of 40.000 troOps and 10,000 levies, was divided into two corps,- one of which was at the foot of the Carpathians, while the other was united with Geor ey’s corps near Ypolyzagh. There is a force of 35.000 regulars and a large body of levies un der Bern aud Perezel, on the banks of the Theiss, and Bern has left a large corps to the defence of Transylvania. Affairs of Italy* From Rome there is no intelligence of spe cial unrest. The Pope seems dissatisfied with the stWe of affairs there, and has thus lar re fused to goto Rome under French protection. Gen Oudinot has sent to him the keys of one of the gates, which he acknowledged in a letter congratulating him on his victory “ over the enemies of all human society.” The Pope has also issued the following addiess to his subjects: *• Pius IX. to his beloved subjects—God has raised his arm, and hath commanded the tempestuous ocean of anarchy and impiety to stop. He hath guided the Catholic armies to support the rights of humanity, which hail been trampled upon —of faith, which had been attacked —and of the Holy See and of our Sovereignty. O Eternal Glory, which even in the midst of Thy wrath dost not forget Thy mercy ! Be loved subjects, if, urnidst the whirlwind of these hor rible events, our heart has been satisfied with bitter ness, on reflecting upon so many evils which the church, religion, and you have suffered, it has lost none of that affection with which it has ever loved you, and loves you still. We hasten by our vows the day which will lead us again among you ; and when the day shall have come, we shall return with the fervent desire cf bearing consolation unto you, and with the determination to devote all our energy to your real advantage, by applying difficult reme dies to great evils, and consoling those excellent sub jects wlio, while they await institutions in accordance with their wants, wish, as we also wish, to see the freedom and independence of the Pontifical Sovereign so necessary to the tranquility ofthe Catholic world, guaranteed. Meanwhile, in order to re-organise pub lic aiF«irs, we shall uhorfly name a commission, which, invested with full povere, and seconded by a ministry, will direct the Government of the State. We implore to-day, with increased fervor, the bless ing of the Lord, (which we have ever implored, even at a distance from you) we implore that it may be abundantly shed upon you. It is a great consolation for our soul to hope that all those who have made themselves unfit to gather its fruit by their errors, may render themselves worthy of it by a sincere and •onstant return to righteousness. “ PIUS IX. “Given at Gaeta, July 17.” The Courier des Alps states that the Pope will enter Rome in the beginning of August, and that France, Austria. Spain and Naples would send detachments to be present at that solemnity. The Concordia, of the 27th ult., publishes a proclamation, addressed by Mazzini to the Ro mans, recommending them to endure with con stancy and firmness the calamity of foreign in tervention which afflicts them at present, and not to give way to discouragement. He calls upon the Municipalities to repeat with firmness that they adhere voluntarily to the republican form and to the abolition of the temporal pow er of the Pope, and that they consider every Government illegal which has not been freely approved by the people. He says— “ Let the cry be constantly heard. Down with the Government of Priests’ Free suf frages forever! All those who have sworn allegiance to the Republic should divest them selves of their functions wherever the Pontifi cal colors have been hoisted. A whole nation cannot be put in prison. The Roman Assem bly is notdissolved. The Triumvirs, although their public action has been suspended by bru tal force, only await the favorable moment to convoke it.” The Tuscan Monitor of the 24th says : “The band of Garibaldi is still in the vicinity of Arezzo, where it is closely pressed by 5,000 Austrians.” France.— The President has been on a tour to the South. Ou his return to Paris he is to review the whole of the army of the Seine, a mounting to 150 000 men. This spectacle is at present fixed for the 15th of August. The Liverpool Journal says his reception in the provinces did not warrant the hope he is said to entertain, of being re elected for ten years. We put no faith in the report of a re action in France—of the restoration of the Or leanisis or Bourbons. The day is past for roy al dramas, and Louis Napoleon is not the man to form a dynasty. Russia.— A polish paper gives a report that a republican conspiracy has been discovered in Russia—that numerous arrests have been made, and that the whole affair was divulged by a secretary of Count Orloff. 280 persons had been arrested. Officers with lettresde ca chet have been sent to Moscow and other ci ties, to arrest the members of the conspiracy, which was intended to overthrow the reigning dynesty and establish a Republic. Denmark.— The Danish blockade of the Elbe was to be raised on the 20th of August. India.— Accounts from Bombay are to June 25; from Calcutta June 13. The hews is un important—all is quiet. Latest from Europe. By Telegraph from London to Liverpool for the N. York Courier S? Enquirer. Losrxjx. Aug. 4, A. M.—The Journal des Debats, with reference to the refusal of the Austrian Government to grant an amnesty to the Lombards, says, that the French Cabinet, in common with the English Government, con tinues its good offices for the termination of the negotiations, and that there is no doubt of a satisfactory arrangement being come to. A letter from Marseilles states that the Ro man refugees, who had been refused permis sion to land at Malta, have been conveyed to Corsica by order of the French Admiral. Letters of the 25th ult., from Rome, state that nothing definite had been arranged at Gae ta, and that neither a governing Committee nor a ministry had yet been appointed. The city was perfectly quiet, and the greatest order pre vailed, owing to the admirable conduct of the French troops and the mild demeanor of the inhabitants. The Paris Bank Returns show considerable depression. The London He r ald says the Roman negotiations are by no means in a sa tisfactory state, from the unwillingness of the Cardinals at Gaeta to guarantee libera! institu tions. From the Baltimore American. Philadelphia. Aug. 13, 6 P. M.— The Board of Health report 17 cases and 10 deaths of cholera for the 24 hours ending at noon to-day. The weather is pleasant. •Vew \urk. Aug. 13, P. M.— The Board of Health report 100 cases and 41 deaths of chol era for the 24 hours ending at noon to day. Boston, August 13.—-There have been 29 deaths from cholera in this city during the 48 hours ending at noon to day. The weather is pleasant. Business begins to improve New York. August 13, 2P. M.—Our papers here are filled this morning with interesting let ters and accounts from California by the steam er Falcon. Gen Riley in his proclamation to the people < oi California says emphatically that the plan of establ shing an independent government in i California cannot be sustained or carried out, no matter from what source it may come. < Most of the news has already been anticipated, r Wheeling, August 13.—The splendid new t suspension wire footway, erected across the Ohio, at this place, by Mr. Ellet, projecto.of ti the wire suspension bridge across the Niaga* is now complete, and the first experiment n R crossing it was made this morning. The span a from bank to bank, is one thousand and ten fl feet, the largest in the world. It is a decidedly 3 beautiful structure, and, in all its parts, fully meets the most sanguine expectations. It is the desire of Mr. E- to erect a large suspen- 1 sion bridge along side of this footway, for the use of the railroad company, over wliich the cars, locomotive, &c., are to pass. Washington, D. C., August 15—There were two deaths in the Washington Almshouse on yesterday from cholera, one of them the wife of the Superintendent. To-day ten new cases are reported, but no deaths. Boston, August 15.—There weYe 17 deaths in our city of cholera for the 24 hours ending at noon to-day. The weather continues very pleasant and business is thriving with good prospects of an active fall trade. Philadelphia, August 15—6, p rn.—The Board of Health report 12 cases and 3 deaths of cholera for the 24 hours ending at noon to day. The weather is cool and delightful, and our city enjoying good health. New York, Aug. 15—6, p. tn. —The Board of Health report 89 cases and 31 deaths of cholera for the 24 hours ending at noon to-day. The disease is evidently on the decrease. New York, Aug. 16 —There were- 89 new cases and 30 deaths by cholera, according to the official report of to day. Ss. Louts, Aug. 14.—The opinion seems to be generally expressed that the recent defalca tion discovered in the Bank of Missouri, is not of recent date, but has been going on for sev everal years. The deficit of $21,000 is in assets, and not all in gold. The amount of gold (or bulk) hav ing been fictitiously increased so as to balance deficits. Two years ago Major Singer received a large sum of money at this Bank to convey to Santa Fe. It was sealed up at the Bank, but when opened in New Mexico $2,500 were missing. Certificates of deposit, amounting to $4,600, belonging to Childs, have been seized. A rumor prevails that indication has been given that most of the money will be recovered. August 16.—Nathaniel Childs was yesterday required to enter bail in the sum of SBO,OOO for his appearance before the Criminal Court It appears that Childs resigned his tellership in April last, but had been acting as teller du ring the sickness of officers. It is said that Childs has for some time past had a female triend, upon whom he lavished large sums of money. August 16.—The city is now comparatively healthy, and business begins to assume a more cheerful aspect. The whole number of interments for the week ending on Sunday, wertf' only 12 were from cholera and 67 under five years of age—B of the deaths by cholera were children. Bedford, Aug. 16.—Yesterday about 12 o’clock the President. Governor Johnson and suite, reached this place escorted by hundreds of our citizens, and were received with the most unbounded enthusiasm. The President dined in town and spent some hours afterwards in shaking hands and conversing with our cit izens. He then proceeded to the springs, where he spent the night. His health is much improved, and he appeared to be in fine spi rits. He left early this morning for Somerset. Montreal, Aug. 16.—A riot occurred last night al Lafontain’s house or hotel, in which one matt was killed and several others wound ed. Montreal, Aug. 15, P. M.—Five arrests have been made here to day. Messrs. Orr, Cook, Dyer, Ewing, and Courtney, have been arrested upon the charge of tumult and the de struction of the Parliament House. The par ties were all bailed, with the exception of Courtney. Warrants were out for other par I ties. Much excitement existed among the people, but all was quiet at night, and no ap ! prehensions was entertained. Albany, N Y., Aug. 15.—Sixteen locks of the canal are broken ; consequently no articles of produce have been received by this channel. From the Charleston Courier.—By Telegraph. New Orleans, Aug. 15. The Market.— The sales of Cotton yesterday were only to a tri fling extent, and holders are asking extreme prices. Coffee was advancing—Rio is quoted at 7|. The Abduction Case.— A decision has been given in the case of the Spanish Consul, charg ed with the abduction of Rey. The Consul has been bound over to stand his trial before the U. 8. Circuit Court next December, and has given bail in the sum of SSOOO. He has entered a solemn protestagainst the whole pro ceedings Four others, McConnell, Liorente, Marie and Eagle, have also been bound over to be tried at the next term of the District Court, in the sum of $2,500 each. Movement of Troops.— The steamer James L. Day, has been chartered to take four Compa nies of troops to Tampa Bay. Ten Compa nies are expected here from Jefferson Barracks, on their way to Florida. Baltimore. Aug. 17.—A dispatch from St. Louis of the I6rh inst.. states that a Company of traders from Santa Fe. arrived there the pre vious day, bringing SIOO,OOO and a large mail to Fort Leavenworth, and 500 letters from California. Major Charallie. a Texan, has accepted an offer from the government of Chihuahua, to fight the Apache Indians, on the following terms: for warriors scalpeds2oo—othersslso —prisoners S2OO. At the last accounts hejiad nine scalps and four prisoners. The latest dates from Santa Fe state that the Indians are committing sad depredations. On the Bth July, two Americans ami two Mexicans were killed near there. Lieut. Thomas en countered a party of Camanches near Sangre Christe placer, and killed 17. St. Louis is now healthy, and trade is reviv ing there. Child-, die Bank Robber, has been held to bail in the sum of 80,000 dollars. New York, Aug. 17—6 P M.— Fifteen him dred bales Colton were sold to-day—fair Up land Orleans 11. The market is quite un settled and a drooping tendency, under the Hi bernia’s accounts. There is, however, no posi tive change in prices. Flour is weaker—Ohio brands quoted at 5 20 to 5 30. Corn dull at 61 to 63. Provisions unchanged. Rice is firm—prime Carolinaqno ted a) s4|. Sugar and Molasses steady. Mo ney easy. Treasury Notes 113 J. Exchange on London 9A prem. Freights dull. From the Charleston Courier—By Telegraph. Baltimore, August 18. Arrival of the Falcon.— The steam ship Fal con from Chagres, and last from Havana, ar rived at New York to-day. She brings the in formation that Rey gave his answer to the American Consul in presence of five Spanish soldiers and iinderthreats. He was then im prisoned, but contrived to send two letters to the Consul, stating that he had been abducted from New Orleans and claimed American pro tection. The Consul had made a demand to see him, but after deliberation, was refused by the Spanish authorities, which had caused great excitement on the subject; this was much in creased by the arrival of the sloop of war Ger mantown, which, however, left the port with out taking any steps to enforce a compliance with the Consul’s demand. Foreign Intelligence* Preparations are making for a splendid re ception of the Queen in Ireland. The Hungarian victories are all confirmed, Prussia, it is said, has offered assistance to Aus tria. These are rumors that the Turks will unite with the Hungarians. Switzerland is levying troops inconsequence of the violation of her territory by the Hessians. The Russian government is establishing arsenals in Poland fearing insurrection in that country. Domestic News. Accounts from New York are furnished up to Saturday morning. The Cotton Market was steady. Fair Up lands quoted at 10£ ; New Orleans 11. Flour had advanced from 6 to 12 cents per barrel. Grain was unchanged in price. The Minister of War under the Roman Tri umvirate had arrived at New York, and prepar ations were making to give him a grand re ception. New Orleans, Aug. 16, P. M.—The sales of Cotton for the past three days merely reach 250 bales, owing to he high prices demanded —purchasers claim a reduction. 'Fhe tow boat Anglo Saxon has been char tered to carry troops to Florida. New Orleans, Aug. 18, 6 P. M.— Cotton.— A few small sales have been made since the re ceipt of the Hibernia’s accounts, at rather ea sier prices; Middling, 9c. Sugar is improving, and |c. advance has been realized this week. Fair 4|a4|. The market generally inactive. Political.— The final election in Alabama for Congress has resulted in the choice of two Whigs and five Democrats—the same as in last Congress. From the Baltimore American—By Telegraph. Rome.N. Y.. Aug. 17.—The Old Hunker Convention, which has been in session in this place for a number of days past, adjourned sine die to-day. without being able to make any compromise with the Free Soifers. There has been qaite. an excitement. Montreal, Aug. 17.—There has been fur ther outbreaks and rioting in our city, but without any very serious consequences. Donnegan’s splendid and valuable hotel was totally destroyed by fire last night. The los«? is estimated at £35.000, only part of which was insured. During the fire one of the fire men was killed. Philadelphia, Aug. 17. —The Board of Health report eight cases and three deaths by cholera for 24 hours ending noon to day. Springfield, Ct., Aug. 17 —Henry Clay arrived here last evening on his way north, and was warmly received. New Y’ork, Aug. 17.—The Board of Health report 86 cases and 41 deaths by cholera to day. From the Charleston Courier—By Telegraph. From Mexico* New Orleans, Aug. 13. An arrival at this port has furnished dates from Mexico to the Ist of August, from which we glean the following intelligence : Arrangoiz. the late Minister of Finance, had been appointed Minister to France, and left Mexico on the Bth ult. enroute fur Paris Rumors were rife in Mexico that Herrera 1 intended to resign as President of the Repub- 1 lie in favor of Gutieree, the present Minister of Finance. The Municipal elections had just closed, and resulted in favor of Monarchical party by large t majorities. Unusual movements of the military were in r motion, and precautions were being taken by the Government against hidden but pressing dangers. j Congress was still in .session but nothing important had transpired. The Apache Indians had become greatly ilarmed at the Americans drawing so near the ? iver Gila, and had made overtures of peace ;o the Mexican Government. The Cholera was making terrible ravages in the State of Durango. Cotton.— The sales of Cotton al New Or leans for the week, amounted to only 600 bales at easier prices. Good middling to middling fair, 9j a 10. Stock 12,574 bales, against 37,719 bales same time last year. Baltimore, Aug. 19. Cotton.— The sales of Cotton at New York °» Saturday, were 500 bales: Fair Uplands 10, c . ; Orleans 11c. The market closed quiet. * the week the sales amounted to 9000 bales. B-eadstuffs. — The news by the Hibernia has > had fttle or no effect on Breadstuff’s, and pri ces r&nain about the same as before her arri val. Notes quoted at 113 J. Exchange 9£ preu., C/toter<.— The number of cholera cases in during the last week, was 605, of which 249 proved fatal. The President.— General Taylor arrived at Pittsburg yeiterday, and was most enthusiasti cally received. His health was completely re stored. r Shocking.—We can hardly credit the truth of the following description of the revolting condition of a burial ground near Ne w York. Potter’s Field is on Randall’s Island, not far from the Alms House for children, and the lat ter is described in the New. York Herald as being well adapted to the purposes ofa healthy and retired home for the poor children who had suffered very little from sickness of any kind until the epidemic made its appearance among them. Afier speaking of the causes which have tended to aggravate the attacks of the cho lera, the writer says— But the great evil is the Potter’s Field. • This abomination is to be found at the south side of the island ; and, when the wind is from that direction, the horrid stench not only invades the nostrils and the lungs ofall who are on the island, but is smelled a» far as Harlem. In spiteofthewarningofoursenses, we persever ed in seeing the Potter’s Field for ourselves.— A little north of it is the house of the grave digger, whose family and himself are melancho ly pictures of his ghastly trade ; then you come suddenly upon a long mound of red earth, piled , up above the surface of the ground, with a hideous array of new coffins in its front, piled 1 upon one another, to the number of eleven. VVe counted forty of them exposed to view, and r there was a countless number of others covered ) with only two or three inches of earth. The manner of burial here is as unchristian as it is 1 novel. A long pit is dug, of considerable width, but only about 4 feet deep, for that is the utmost extent that can be reached until the rock t arrested the pickaxe. The coffins are piled I upon this, till they are five or six feet above the surface, and then there is a little (very little) covering put on the top and on the south side * while the sides ofthe coffiins lacing the north are exposed from the to p to the bottom of the ; pit. Never did we behold such a sight—never L did smell. to retreal p;r.refaction thus while the effluvia from it is wafted w i > breath of air all over an island on which there 1 are resident thirteen hundred human beings. s i Useful Recipes.— Camphine for Polishing. t —Ladies are very fond of keeping the door 5 knobs, spoons, plates, &c. in brilliant order. Now, if instead of water and chalk, and such , preparations, ladies will use catnphine and rot -1 ten stone, a brighter, quicker, and moredurab/e polish can be obtained than in any other way. Camphine is the article used for producing the . exquisite polish on daguerreotype plates, and J nothing has yet been found to equal it. So says an exchange, and it is worthy of a trial. To keep a Stove Bright by two applications a 3 Year. — Make a weak alum-water, and mix your British lustre with it, perhaps two teaspoonsfull to a gill of alum water ; let the stove be cold, brusl) it with the mixture, then take a dry brush and rub the stove till it is perfectly dry. Should p any part, before polishing, becomes so dry as to look gray, moisten it with a wet brush and pro ceed as before. To remove stains and marks from books.— A solution of an oxalic acid, nitric acid, or tarta ric acid, is attended with the least risk, and may ' be applied upon the paper and prints without 3 tear of damage. These acids taking out the writing ink, and not touching the printing, can be used for restoring books, where the margins e have been written upon, without attacking the - text. - To Clean Oil Paint.— The best thing for clean- J ing oil paint is a sponge dipped in ammonia" which has been copiously diluted with water, n Soap dissolves the turpentine as well as linseed f oil, and not only destroys the smooth and shiny il surface, but exposes also the lead to tne influ e ence of the water and air, and is, therefore, d not practical is An ox’s gall will set any color—silk, cotton or woolen. I have seen the colors of calico, 5, which faded at one washing, fixed by it. <> A warming pan full of coals or a shovel of t, coals, held over varnished furniture, will take out white spots. The place should be rubbed j. with flannel while warm. 1- An ounce of quicksilver, beat up with the 1- white of two eggs, and put on with a feather, b is the cleanest and surest bed-bug poison- Lamps will have a less disagreeable smell if ; you dip your wick yarn in strong hot vinegarand v dry it. Those who make candles will find it a great il improvement to steep the wicks in lime water u and salt petre, and dry them. The flame is clearer, and the tallow will not “run.” 1 New iron should be gradually heated at first. > After il has become inured to the heat, is not y as likely to crack. ] it is a good plan to put new earthen-ware I into cold waler, and then let it heal gradually, until it boils, then cool. Brown earthen-ware in particular, may be touched in this way. . From Selkirk's Colony.— Well, here they are —the Selkirkers we mean—the traders and Half Breeds from Red River, with their wood* en, high wheeled carts, without any iron in their manufacture, and with Buffalo hide tires, and stout oxen, harnessed like horses, singly, between the shafts, and with which they have come a journey of over COO miles to procure supplies i*xSt. Paul in exchange for some o their own commodities—furs, moccasins, buffa lo hides, &c Our merchants here of course will do the fair thing, and send them on their way home rejoicing. By their arrival we have intelligence of a re volt against the Hudson Bay Company’s agent ’ at the lower settlement on Red River. The ’ populace mobbed (just think of a mob away down towards Hudson’s Bay—isn’t civilization travelling ?) and surrounded tjje Court, threat ened Mr. Huge Poiesin a Government officer, and gave another officer, Mr. Thorn, notice to quit the country as soon as convenient, if not sooner. The difficulty arose srom the arrest of some Half Breeds for violating the law prohibiting trading with the Indians for their furs. The Hudson Bay Company claim a monopoly of this business we suppose. The populace, however, seem resolved to “make the fur fly”—if not in one way, at least in an other. Let her rip—it’s all oak.— Minesota Chrun. 27 th Ohio—Her Population and Resources. We find in the last number of the Western Quarterly Review, published at Cincinnati, a valuable article on the State of Ohio. A table which it gives of the population at different pe riods, shows an increase from 1820 to 1830, of 62£ percent., and from 1830 to 1840, of the same amount, and shows that if they calculate the population for 1852 at the same per cent., we shall have for that year, 2,459,132, while Pennsylvania, now the second State in the Union, will have a population of 2,206,762. ’ New York, calculating at its present rate of in- I crease, will have a population in 1850, of 3,039,151. The two great States of the Union , will then stand— , New Y0rk3,039,151 J 0hi02,459,132 Thus it will be seen that New York will then only be in advance of Ohio something over half a million souls. > There are, according to the Review, 25,000,000 acres of good agricultural land in Ohio. The aggre gate value of real and personal property it estimates • at 8600,000.000, although the assessed wealth of the State for taxation is 8421,067,491 ; the value of the annual agricultural productions it estimates at some thing over $120,000,000. There are now raised annually — Wheat2B,ooo,ooo bush. 0at525,000,000 “ Cornso 000,000 “ 1 Potatoeslo,ooo,ooo “ The Review estimates the capacity, for the pro duction of wheat and corn as follows: Wheatl6o,ooo,ooo bush. Corn*4Bo,ooo,ooo *’ Mather, in his report, says that a bed of 6 feet, cov ering an area cf 5000 square miles, would not be an over estimate of the mineral resources in the article of coal; and the Review says that “every square mile, containing two yards in thickness of workable coal, will yield about 600,000,000 tons, and that, making all necessary allowance for increased population and manufactures, we have coal, within a moderate depth sufficient for consumption during 2000 years. In ad dition to this, there are extensive beds of iron ore throughout the State.” We extract what the Review says further upon this subject. «• The beds of ore are easy of access, and associated with materials necessary for its reduction, cannot fail to be immense sources of wealth. Most of the work ing beds of ore are above the first workable bed of coal. Tfie amount of workable iron ore in Muskin gum County is estimated at 153,600,000 cubic yards, which, when smelted, will yield about that number of tons, in pigs. We need not now speak of locali ties. Mr. Briggs closes his report on iron ore by the following: “A very low calculation of the amount of good iron ore in the region which has this season been explored, is equal to a solid, unbroken stratum, sixty miles in length, sixty miles in width, and three feet in thick ness. A square mile of this layer—being equivalent in round numbers to 3,000,000 cubic yards—when melted, will yield as many tons of pig iron. This number multiplied by the number of square miles in the stratum will give 1,030,000,000 tons ; which from three counties alone, will yield, annually, for 2700 years, 400,000 tons of iron—more than equal to the greatest amount made in England previous to the year 1329.” The above comprehensive facts show at a single glance what the future destiny of the State is to be; but instead of making any comments of our own we will close with another extract from the Review. Speaking of Ohio it says “She can produce 8500,000.000 of agricultural products, which will feed 20,000,000 of people. She can manufacture everything her people may want; and therefore, as many can inhabit her soil as her bread can feed. In this estimate we have not given an amount beyond that made for Great Britain and Ire land, by a distinguished writer, who stated that their 75,000,000 acres would sustain 60,000,000 of people. Ohio ha* one-third this area, and we have assigned to her one-third the number of people. We can safely say that Ohio will double her pop ulation within twenty years, after which she will not double it again in less than thirty Her popu lation will then stand thus in whole tWhbers ; 13502,500,000 I 1900 10,000.000 1870 5,000,000 | 1940 20,000,000 The value of dry goods imported into New York the amount withdrawn from., and entered for Ware house, for the week ending the 9th inst., were as an nexed : Movement of F'oreign Goods. Entered for Con- With’dn Pm Entered for sumption. Warehouse. Wareb’sng Manu’f of Wool* 255,423 71,933 16 881 “ Cotton* 164,440 41,553 6 265 “ Silk*.* 562,823 7,447 11’759 “ Flax,*. 77,709 13,003 Miscellaneous,.. 48.315 8,096 T0ta181,108,910 142,032 34,905
