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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 183?-1864 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 13, 1850)
Wg * o g 0 h'^n' 1 rH hP Av? iM BY WILLIAM S. JONES. B Orcins, fee. Jf SHD WEEKLY CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL 3 *• P«bli»l»«d every Wednesday, E at two dollars per annum I 1! * advance, ■r TO CLUBS or INDIVIDUALS seeding „ 8 Ten K Dollars, SIX copies of the Paper will ba sent for one ■ year, thus famishing the Paper at the rate of J SIX COPIES FOB. TEX DOLLARS, u or a free copy to all who may procure ua fine «üb e . eoribers, and forward us the money. t ' THH CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL S DAILY AND TRI-WEKKLY, ■ Are also published at thia office, and mailed to sub B sc rib or aat the following rates, viz.: B Daily Pamh, if sent by mail----37 per annum. Tai-WaaaLY Papsb-• 4“ “ L TBRMS OF ADVERTISING. V hlWnur.—Seventy-fire cents per square (12 ■ lines or leva) for the first insertion, and Fifty cent B or each subsequentinsertion. ■ Jot Salt. ft FOR SALE, ONE OP TUR best locations for a Physician in the middle region of Georgia, in a pleasant ffi aountry village, with two Churches and an Acnde- K* *7. sarrour.dsd.by a dense an I wealthy population, * and an area of twenty or t went j-five miles square, ■ with but in the praciice. T»-c im prevemenw comprise two acres of ground as neatly, and coajfortaSiy iinpr. *«d as any ■ miles sFthe Augusta Rail Road. A bargain &,ay be ■ ©•- Ircreing the Editors, p'ud.a&ip&r- —•fculsn- given. 031w3 V FIiAMTATION AWD NEGROES FOR K SALE. ■t jg«r THE SIBSC RIUER osiers for ■ sale his PLANTATION, lying on Sa- zH van nah River, about seventeen miles be- JL. H law Augusta, adjoining lands es Mcßean, Co., snd others, containing fourteen hundred and twenty-firs HI acres of swamp Land; about twn hundred and gj twenty-five scree of which are cleared, the ba ; anca finely timbered with oak. aab, brjeli. cypress bicko ry and pepiar—to which is st-ached one hundred M acres of Upland, with Improvements. The Rail I Road from the Central Road to Augusta will rua through it. Also. Sixteen likely Stock. Ac. M Ano'her tract of Lard about eix miles from Au ■ ftiata, on the Savannah Road. coMtainirig one bun- dred and twenty-five acres, a healthy location, *<n<i Dwellings and out houses. Thsrs is a good Peach Orchard on this place. e4-twAwtf ROBERT Y. HARRIS. K 10.000 ACRES OP LAND FOR SALE. ■ TnE BCBSCRIHERS offer for eale Fifty Thousand Acre* of the most -X- valuable Cotten and Sugar LANDS in Hg the Southern States, part of which is under caltifa g| lion. This Land is situated in the S.auth-western S •©unties of Georgia, and in Florida, location healthy HL and desirable, and will be sold in tracts of from two ■ hundred and fifoy to six thousand acres. Terms to H suit purchasers. For any ia ormation regarding the |g same apply to the undersigned. »' either Apalacbico- V In, Florida, or Albaay, Georgia. H 00-wJm SIMS, CHFBVKP. & CO. f NOTICE. « THE SUBSCRIBER offers format sale a valuable PLANTATION in Wai- I ton county, six miles southwest us Munroe, and F seven miles northwest of Social Circle, on big flat Creek ; containing 950 or I,f-CO acres, with good itn prova'uents, orchards, tec. On terms very low and I accommodating to purchasers. Ferfurther imforma tion enquire of the subscriber. JOHN SCOTT. Social Circle, 28th Sept., 1850. 01-wtf VALUABLE LAND FOR BAIE SUBSCRIBER offers for •We 150 ACRES OF LAND, adjoining forming a part of tba Village of So- •iaFdrcle. Sixty acres improve.l wi>h a good two Dwelling, (in town) new Kitchen and Smoke House, and other comfortable buildings. A bargain will be sold in the premises. V. H. CRAWLEY. Social Circle, March 5, 1850. wtf 1,100 ACRES BURKE LANa~ FOR SALE, the PLANTATION of R. G. ~brivai,aitaate iu Buikoronii- Gs"? -“*»■ ty, in the neighborhood of Frier’s Pond, containing 1,100 acres, of which about 100 are clear ed and in cultivation ; the remainder Woodl ir d, oak and hickory, and piue fond mixed. The Improve meats are good, and the plantation in gr< d repair. Tba terms will be liberal. For farther particulars, apply to D. B. Hadley, Augusta, or the d on the promise. ial?-wtf K. G. SHItIVAL «3E!LL —■■ '* . ...? TO THE PUBLIC. ALL PERSONS arc hereby notified that Szvn V, Rgbebts is no longer our Agent to transact any business whatever for us>; and all per sons iadebkd to the Georgia Murblo Manufacturing Company, either by note or account, are notified not m-- i ■!. ■! ■■■ - —f-r— -- »■ -...1l ■»-.« up,, knowledge any such payment. A. ATKINSON & CO. Harnaaaville, Cherokee so., Aug. 31. s 4 w3m Hickoey Flat. Cherokee co., Ga., Sept. 12, 1650. MR. EDITOR:— Sir : I seo in your paper a notice “To the Public” from A. Atkinson A Cn., in which they declare me no longer their Agent. Now the fact is, if Messrs. Atkinson A Co. had have paid my just dnee for sarviceo rendered, and not have thus slanderously tried to prejudice the public mind against they would have displayed more the character of gentlemen. 1 however trust that they may proceed to sweep before their own doors, and shortly avoid that censure which they are so ready to cast upon roe. •2W w3m SETH V. ROBERTS. TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN, AN ACT grantiog Bounty Lands to all porsons, or to the widows or minor ehddren of all per sons who performed military service for the United States in the war of 1812, or any of the Indian wars ainco 1790, and to tho cam missioned ulficcrs engaged in the service of the United Stales, in the hie war with Mexico, has recently bean passed by Congress. The undersigned, having formed rn asoooiation with Attorneys resident at Washington City, po«- ■esnes peculiar advantages for presenting successful ly, and with despatch, all claims fur Bounty Loofts arising under the act referred to, and effers his servi ces to ail who may be entitled to the benefit es thia act, in securing, witn tbo least coot and delay, all •laims of thia character against the General Govern ment. ROBERT B. WOODING, n9-w3<n Attorney at Law, Appling, Geo. PENSIONS ANB BOUNTY LANDS WM. <. NILES. Waahintrton, D. C , at tends to the securing of Pensions, Bounty Lands, and Back-par, for Military and Naval Bervi cee in the war of the Re olution, or the last war with Great Britain, the w.vr with Mexico, the Florida war or any of lhe Indian wars; and particularly to Claims for Bounty Lands under the late aci of Con gress. Also, to tho prosecution rs claims and the transac tion of business of every description with either of the Executive Depart menu, ur with Uongrcae. Having, for many years, been connected with Congress, and ia daily attendance upon its session*, his general acqaaiutance and cxj«erienae place with in hie reach facilities for securiug lhe interests of •liento, enjoyed by few. He refers, t»y special pet mission, to Hon. Robbbt Toombe, of Georgia* ilou. Huwbll Cobb, of Georgia, Speaker House of Representatives Hon. A. H. Steprbnb, of Georgia. Hon. H. A Haealbom, Do. Non. J. Bebeien, Do. Hon. We. U. Dawbojt, Do. And also to the Representatives in Ceagrese from the State es Georgia, and to the members, generally, of the Mouse of Reproeet tatives for the present and several preceding Congresses. Cemmanications, post paid, will receive prompt attention, at reasonable terms. Washington City, Oct. 1, 1859. 04-w3ua BOUNTY LAND. THE UNDERSIGNED notifiv* n thoee who may be in to retted in the Bounty Land Act whkh has recently beootns a Law of Congre**. that he tea* connected himself with legal gentlemen in Washington City, for the purpose of prosecuting claima against the Government All soldiers (and widow’s of each soldiers) who have served in the last war with Great Britain, in Florida, or any of the Indian War*; also, all commissioned officers in the Mexican War, are entitled under the act to B iunty Land. Address E. H. POTTLE, o)9 AU’y at l aw, Warrenton, Ga. LAND BOUNTY AGENCY. THE subscriber takes this method of informing all persons interested, that he is prepared with all nac-seaarv papers to obtain Land Bounties tor all those entitled under the late act of Congress to the Mine, with the utmost dispatch. Office at Lincolnton, Lincoln county. b 2 wtf B B MOORE. MARSHALL'S COMPOUND Ob' CINCHONA. FOR THE CURE OF CHILLS AMD FEVER. DUMB UOUE, &c„ 4 c. THE ABOVE Me ficin. w .ifered to ibe pub> lie as the eery »»ui*ly extent sot thaw dMU«aag diMoew. It is nSaieaily known tn ch:, cwnmanity to reewranrox*’ Roell; b«l to those at a dis ,a.ce. or who are ignorant of it. exntanee, «a.l bare occasion tw uro such a Medicine, we would beg to call chair sproial aif.uti.Mi Co thia cnaepound. No humbugrerv :* prectised in this article. Firs if m ateundxo.' can be produced ibec •• a rpeedy, chean and e.rtri.l cure, ic baa no equal. It « a'ao .tn excellent tonic fer'reroan. in a weak and debiliia ed (UCC or hoafch. It is perfectly free from all daogt r ou»or paroioioue ingredients, and as barmlero to the constiemi-m « «"*<! «“'• B ’ «»>••"« •' lh ' ■'«’ nf the undersigned ccru «« errtijt -uiw m any quan tile eaa be shown, and peran-.ion is pireu w rater to tbefellow'M k —geu'.frussu : M ror.. P Beers. J. Th*. Gardner, .J- .Jim#, Henry Lewis. CoL Ssm’l Dowse, Judge W. W H ghes, M«)3fLhiu> Tb*rp*»n, A<u A namber of others could be rtvsn. but it is plumed for ihe present, those will suffice. None *be»dd be without this v.M uablo Mcdieiee. Rc«d following letter from W . P. Brer*, «t Itoikmd Office, Mr. J K. Marshall-Str: I have had ftMutet oewision to make u*e of w our remedy tor Ch.lk.snd Fever, (Marehali’o Compound of Ctti chos ' aud have tun« instance tailed of a euro. I wm on the success (in extending it* use) which iu : ::ts as a specific cull mm it to. Very respect fully, your ob't sv ; t, Wflfl. P. Dr-EKS. August*, ICkh October. 1350. F < sale, wholesale and retain by W. H. TUHPIJI, Augusta, jje \'one genuine unless having the « nature of J. F-. Maasaau. on the Cork and a!ej ou the •9 < tMA COMPbKXIUS—Nan ng unwuts A » clear sad rosy a c nuplesiou as doe* •• Rad v ay’s Medicated Soap.” It removes all eniptions, tan and frnskioa. For sale by e?7 W M. 11. TUTT, Draggwl. miscellany SELECTED POETRY MUSIC. Giro me music, soft sweet music, For its cadence is to me As dewdrops to the drooping flower, Or blossoms to the boe. It soothes my fevered, burning brain, If my troub cd heart, And bidtf, in tones of melody, My anxious cares depart. Give me music, low, faint music, And as its echoes roll, In tones of thrilling tenderness, Across iny raptured soul, I’ll dream arain, a;, once 1 dreamed, Os happiness and love, When Hops, iu wreaths es budding joys, My life’s light texture wove. Give rae music, sad, slow muJe, And, while its sweet tones swell And tail upon the ear like words Os lew, heart-r rear bed farewell, My thoughtscn Fancy’s wing shall to The dreamy past return, And mure atnoeg the relies there, “In Memory’s sacred urn.” Giro me music, mournful music, And my soul in ferveot prayer Shall rise upon the dying note That vibrates on the air. PH pray far thoie whom well I levs, That their lives may pass away As calmly and as gently as The tones of that sweet lay. Give oae music, joyful music, Let me feast upon the sound, ’Till ay spirits burst the earthly chain Hy which it row is beund, And soars on that triuruphatil strain Up to i s native skies, To join with angels in the seng, W hose echo never dies. [Louin ill 6 Journal. " ALL THY WORKS PRAISE THEE.” ET MARY HOWITT. The moonbeams on the billowy deep, The blue waves rippling on the strand, The ocean in its peaceful sleep, The shell that murmurs on the sand, The cloud that dims the bending sky, The bow that on its bosom glows, Th-'sun that lights the vault on high, The stars at midnight’s calm repose: These praise the Power that arched the sky And robed the earth in beauty’s dye. The melody of Nature’s choir, The deep toned anthems of the sea, The wind that tunes a viewless lyre. lhe septavr on its pinions free, The thunder with its thrillin? notes, The peal upon the mountain air, The lay that through the foliage floats, Or einks in dying cadence there; These all to Tuee their voices raise, A fervent voice of gushing praise. The day-star, herald of the dawn, As the dark shadows flit away, The lint upon the check of morn, The dew-drop gleaming on the spray— From wild-birds in their wanderings, From streamlet leaping to the sea, From all earth s fair and lovely things, Doth living praise ascend to Thao: These, with the'r silent tonguee proclaim The varied woudersof Thy name. Father, ihy baud hath form’d the Cower, And flung it on the verdant lea, Thou badstit ope at rummer's hour. Its hues of beauty speak of Thee, Thy works all praise Thee: shall net man Alike attune the grateful hymn ? Shall he not join the lofty strain, Echoed hum heart of seraphim ? We tune to Thee cur humble lays, Thy mercy, goodutsr, Eve, we praise. TOIL BY B , j. KAMES ** Do what thou cast, no more can Reason ask, But think not, unemployed, in silence to bask.” In the wide waiting harvest field rs Labor, I bid thee enter, with a willing heart; Cfome not alon% but bring thy friend and neighbor, And urge them on to bear their destined pert. Gird on thine armour, wi’h industry ri to, No longer crippled by a slothful life. In idle, selfi.-h ease no longer tarry, Dreading the toil and double of the day; But one am.ther’s burdens bear, and carry Comfort to those who labor day by day. Betirnk tboe of the hands that dig th? soil, And fear thou not in the t-aiue field to toil. O, if die power and will be but united To rise an I labor truly heart and hand, How soon, <> friends, the wronged would be the righted. And ye, the nobly free, who toil anil stand Ready an honest mission to achieve— To aid, encourage, comfort and relieve. Pose from thine own small world of self, and labor For other’s good, according to thy power. Pa ufo not to ask who is thy friend and neighbor; When none can toil. O, then, leave nought undone. The following io an inscription on a tomb stone in Massachusetts. It is beautiful : I came in the moruiug—it wa« Spring, And I smiled — I walked out at noon—it was Sommer, And I was glad— I sat me down at eve - it was Autumn, And I wes sad I laid Medown at night—it wax Winter. And I slept. MIBCBLUOOIIB M _TEBITI'nE_MB_KE» Ohio anti Its Frogrcss--The Harvest-- the People anti Growth. Ths present year is one of unprecedented prosperity in this State,taken as an entire com munity. Tha epidemic cholera has indeed prevailed at three or four points, but the great part of the people have remained in health, and it is doubtful whether the ordinary mortality of the whole people has been at all increased. In tho meanwhile, the harvest of the year has been most extraordinary. Not one of the various crops have failed . while the principal ones have been greatly above the average. The wheat harvest of Ohio has unquestionably ex ceeded thirty millien-i of bushels! Fifteen millions, or eon half the crop, is a most ample supply for lhe inhabitants of lhe Stare Ohio, therefore, has fifteen millions of bnshels of wheal, or three millions of barrels of flour for export. When the reader recollects that in the last commercial jear (hr entire export of Flour and Wheat reduced to flour (rem the United States, was about2 500 000 barrels, he will re alize the magnitude and importance of tho wheat harvest of Onio The export of flour and grain from Ohio alone will exceed by hilf a million of barrels the entire export of these ar ticles Iro* ■ lhe United S ates. In other words Ohio has furnished lhe entire expert of flour for the nation, the entire consumption for it self, aid a half a million of barrels for other States. No other State can render such an ac count for any article of produce. But this is not all. The earn or maize crop is not loss than fifty millions of bushels, which furnishes a surplus to fatten thousands of bcof cattle tor tbo Adsntic cities, and tens of thousands of swine to furnish pickled pork for the commer cial marine, for the Southern negroes, and for lhe epienreau appetites of those who love good hams. Such is the agriculture of Ohio, specimens of whose splendid prcducls wa recently saw exhibited in this city ; an agriculture which has grown np wiihiu a half a eeutury, amidst for ests and prairies, and which in that brief period has a comparative growth, unequalled by that of any S’ale. in this or any other country. But the growth of Ohio, in the last year, great us it is. does not, perhaps, exceed the average growth of this State since 1000, just prior to the Slate Organiza’ion. We have received details enough of the cen sus, BuW being taken by the Genera! Govern, meut, to feel assured that the population of Ohio will reach 2,200 000 people—perhaps ex ceed that. V, e bad estimated it. when the cen sus was commenced. at 2.250.000, 50 per eent on the last census. A««umiug however the former number, let ns, glance ut tne growth of this Slate. In 1600 Ohio had 45,365 1810 •* 230,760 1820 *• 581,434 1830 “ 937,903 1840 “ 1,519,267 1850 “ 2,200,000 Tne ratios of increase have been as fol lows, rix : From ISO) to ISIO 400 per cent. “ IS 10 to 1820 159 “ “ 1820tolS3J 6!i “ •* 1530t.1540 62 “ 1840 to ISSO 45 “ By a cotaparisiou with ether Slates, it will be seen that the growth es Ohio from 1820 to 1850 exceeds, by far, in its ratio of increase, that of any Stalo in the American Union, where the population was as great at the start ing print And. we ussy cdd. that from the Census returnthere is no prikaki!ify that the growth es any of the new States wiii equal the ratio attained by Ohio, during the las’ twenty years, when they shall attain as large pepnhuon, a* Ohio had twenty years ago. New York baa been the largest and mo si flourishing S:a:e; yet, iu the last ten years, the ineiew«e of population in New York wit not exceed mack, if any. ha’f the increase in Ohio; and with the rapidly decreasing ratit of growth in New Yc.k. Ohio must pa»s bv New York within the next twenty years, ait become the drat State of the Union ! There is tn historical faet, connected will the grow:h of Onto, which should never bi forgotten. Ohio is the eldest daughter of V.r gin*a ; being cut out of the Territory which sb< ceded to the Union. At the end of a hal Century, we fi»d V’trgima containing less tuai kalf tne white population of Ohio, and to b repressed in the find Congress, under th Census of 1850, by Aa.’f onh es the repreeec •alien of Ohio ! 'l'hus we find the mother c Southern States, filling far behind her dang* ver. and pairing into the rank of ancondar co ism nniiie a. .VuAigan CetUral Rtiinmi A reportU to egrapned f oas Albany that the Michigan Cea tral Roilread is m operation to Michigan civ A train of ears reached that place from Bad io, on Monday last The American Whale anti Seal Fisher ies* • From the report of Mr. James Arnold, made x to a convention of the friends of a Prorec live Tariff iu 1843, we gather some interesting particulars in rv*ard to this branch oflhe fisher ies. Six hundred and fifty ships are employed, measuring 193 000 teas, and manned by 16,500 mea. Tuese vessels when ready for sea. with their steck of provisions on board.are worth $20,120,- OOOjThe retsriisua 1841 were 7,359,022. After paying the lays of the men and the expenses of th* voyage, there was left, us the profits on the $20,000,000, $4,585 634. The whaio ship** are owned by citizens exclusively, fur the stat utes ofthe|Uoited States expressly prohibit for signers from eatering into the whale fishery under the American Hag. A singular case oc curred in New Bedford about fifteen years ago. An individual wtoo ovvued the sixteenth of a ship, became very indignant because in some particular the owners of the fifteoath-sixteenths did not adopt his vicns. The ship was just ready for the South seas. Lie sold for on® dollar one half of his sixteenth to a little English tailor in the town, or lite express purposa of efiectieg a forfeiture of lhe whole ship ! lie immediately caused information to be commu nicated to the custom house officers, and had thn vessel seized as she was about to weigh an chor. Tne other owners at once filed their libel in Admiralty, setting forth lhe fraudulent sale and illegal intent of the oarties. While suit was pending, the self-willed owner bsesmo fearful that tho affair would terminate in the forfeiture of his own part, and no more, and consented te sell out to the others at a fair price; and the federal officers consented to the cancelling of the pretended sale, We have spoken of the pecuniary value of the fisheries ; but it is as a naraery for seamen that tbej are a subject of speh iDteresl Uiid and hardships form the rfLar&cter of in a Amer ican seaman. From Macgregor’s book we mako an extract which describes the manner of life of the Now England fishermen. This is the prose. ‘‘The Americans follow ouo or two modes of fitting nut for fisheries. The first is accwm plished by six or seven farmers or their sons building a schooner during winter, which they man themselves, (us ail the Americans on the seacoast are or less seamen as well as farmers.) and, after fitting the vessels with ne cessary stores they proceed to (he banks, Gulf of St. Lawrrucc, or Labrador, and loading their vessels with fish, make a voyage between spring and harvest. The proceeds they di vide, after paving any balance (hey may owe for outfit. They remain at home to assist in gathering their crops, and proceed again fur anoiher cargo—which is salted down, and not afterwards dried : this is termed the mud-fish, and kept for homo consumption. The ether plan is when a merchant, ar any other person owning a vessel, lets her to tun or fifteen men on shares, he finds the vessels and nets ; the men pay for ali provisions, books and linss and salt net essary te cure their proportion of the fish. One of tho nnmbor is acknowledged master, but he has to catch fish as well ns the others, and receives about twenty shillings por month for navigating the vessel ; th* crew have five eights of the fish caught,and the ov/n --ero Lnree eightho of the whole. •‘The fir*: spriug veyage is made to tho banks; iho second either to the banks, Gulf of St. Lawrence, or the coast of Labrador; the third, or fall voyage, is again to the banks ; and a fourth, or second fail voyage, is alao made sometimes to tho banks,” From the Pilgrim address of Sir. Prentiss, we give the same fact, but adorned with all tbu ornamonts that a gorgeous imagination could throw over thosubject. This is the poetry of the sa lore lifa : “'They drive the Dryads from their accus tomed haii&ts,and force them to dasert each favorite grove ; fur upou the river, creek and bay they are busy transforming the rude forest into stanch and gallant vessels. From every iulet or indenture along the rocky shorn swim forih these ocean birds—born iu trie still wood, fi rdged upon the wave Behold how they spread their white pinions to the favoring breeze, and wing their fbght to every quarter of the globe—the currier pigeons of the world ’ It is upon tho unstable element the sons of New England have achieved their greatest tri umphs. Their adventurous prows vex lhe waters of every see. Bold and relentless as the old northern Vikins, they go forth to seek their fortunes in the mighty deep The ocean is their pasture, and over its white prairies they follow tho monstrous herds that feed up on thw tziire fields A* the hunter casts Irs lasso upon the wild horse, so they throw their lines upcu the tumbling whale. They “draw out the Leviathan with a hock:” they ‘fill hi* skin with barbed iron and in spite of his terrible strength, ‘they part him among the merchants. ’ T’v there are no ‘pillars of Hercule* ’ They seek with avidity new re gions, and fear not to be ‘tho first that ever burst into unknown sea*. Had they have been the companions es Co umbus the great inai i- day. Macgregor also furnishes a graphic descrip tion of iho Seal Fishery, with which we con clude this ariic’e. We think the term of‘Cod fish r\ii Roc racy’ need not bo doomed so very offensive, after ail : SEAL FI’HF.RT. “ The great and primary business of tho peo ple of Newfoundland is that of iiurautne and catching the inhabitants of the ocean. If hab it, as is generally allowed, bvcenies nature, the Newfoundlanders are naturally, from their pursuit*, certainly the must adventurous and fearless men in (he v.oild. Cenrago and in dustry, which certainly prevail, are to them absolutely necessary. “ The Snal Fishery, as it is generally term ed, h is only become important within tho pre seat century. It is little more than thirty yearßsince the first vessels von'nred aniens those formidable fields of ice that float from the Northern region* d.iring the month* ol March, April, and Mayduwu tu the coast of Nevvfonndl-fid. Those who aro acquainted with ihe terrific grandeur, particularly during stormy weather, es the lolly islands and mountains of ice, covering often from two hundred io three bnudre.i miles of the ocean, and occasionally arret ed by the cea-Ms or shoal*, will admit that it require* more intrepidity to brave the danger* of those elements than to encounter a military fortiiicatiou. “ Tne ve*s«l»s equipped for ths seal fishery are from 60 to 120 tun* each, with crews el from sixteen to thirty men. They ar© always prepared for sea, with necessary stores, fire arms, poles to defend them from the ice, oct., ect, before the feast of Saint Patrick. Im mediately after, the crews at »ho harbors, then frozMh over, collect together, with all assist ance from the shoremen, and dividing them selves into two rows on the ice. and provided w»ib hatchets, large *aw.*, and strong pole* fix on two hue* far enough separate to allow their largos: schooners to pass. “ Each party errs along its respective lino they divide the so id mass between then) into squares, which are shoved with poles under the firm ice, continuing th : s laborious opera lion until a channel is open to the sea. The vessels then preened te the field-ice, pushing their way through the openings, or working to windward of it, until they meet it covered with vast herds es seal “ Where these occur, the part on which they are is called ‘ seal meadows.’ These animals are surprised by the sealhunterH while they are sleeping on the ice, and attacked with fire locks, or with s-rong bludgeons, which are considered preferable. But the huntera have frequently to shoot the large ones, which vvill turn upon the naon and make resistance. The piteous moan and cry ot the young ones du ring the slaughter, require more than common nerves to disregard. The hooded seals will draw their hoods, which are shot proof, over their heads. •• Thin skins, with the fat surrounding the bodices, are shipped ofl' together, and the scalped carcasses left on the ice. Tha poke, or scalps, are carried to vessels, and packed close in the hold; but the wsa’her often is Rueb as to leave uo time to scalp the seal ou the ice, and the carcasses are then carried whole to the ves*d. “ The situation of these vessels during the storms of snow and sleet, which they have at that season inevitably to encounter, is attend ed with fearful danger. Many vessels have been crushed to pieces by the tremendous power of the ice closing on them, and their crews h.ave also not unfrequently perished. Storms durin? the night, among the ice, must be truly terrible; yet tue hardy Newfoundland seal hunters seam even to court these sublime and haz udons adventures. •• When the vessels aro Haded with scalps, er if unsuccessful, when the ice is scattered, and all except the islands »* dissolved by the beat es the advancing summer, tney return to their respective ports. Some vessels which succeed soon after meeting the ice in filling up a cargo, make a second voy age. •• The fat, or seal blubber, is separated from the ».kins, cut into pieces, and put into frame work vats, through which, and small bou.hs inside, the oil ocz s on beirg exposed Co lbe sun. In three er four weeks it runs rapidly efT, and becomes the seal oil of commerce. “ The hunters sell their seal pens to the merchants, who miuufacture tho oil and ship it otT io hcg»beads. Seals are still caught at I Newfowndiand and Labrador, on the pian first adopted, by strong nets set across such narrow channel* as they are in the habit of passing through.”—Mr. Frost, in New Oriccns Cres cent. ' A new subetanco called Kamptuiicon. a mixture ot saw dust and India rubber, has I been invented by Lieut. George Walter, cf the British Navy, to line the interior surfaces i of iron steamsbips-of-war, to avert :ho eiiec s ‘ of splm'.crs from cannon hall*, which, it was supposed, would be & strong objection to the » I u»e of iron in building war vessels. The iu f i ventor claims that, from its elasticity, it w.’l ) ’ •• immediately ca'iapse after the pa- j ?.ze ct a • I shot, so as to prevent the entrance wl water - I ibus ebviaung tho r.eceMity fur plugs; a"a 1 that it Wui • deader the cer.rucxn*ed by the of shot, or iw firing a yesse.’* cwa i“ gun.’, thus prelecting the rhit heads; that y from its buoyancy ; «>?. keep ttrc ve-sa’afl.-a s is riddled with shut., or af.er vtriku-g uo-nb rocxs. and wilt enable her to carrv a Urge vup -- ply of coals with a ynjaiisr draught ot water; l- and that it will prevent the less es life caused r. by spiiuturs. bv their retention iu the i- hcon. Tne Nautical Standard says the experi meats which have been performed seem in AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MQjxNiNG, NOVEMBER 13, 1850. • s ugg«st a high amount ©f probability that Knmptiilicou will finally prove the panecea for “Admiralty imprudence,” (in building iron » steamships,) and that the qualities which are wanting in iron, seem pre-eminently to belong : to this newly-discovered substance. From De Bow's (New Orleans) Reoiew, African Trade ami Productions. •I he value of th© ceuruiorco of Africa to the United Status is steadily end rapidly ad vancing, and needs but encouragement from our Government to make it iu a few years as valuable to our country as that of Great Bri tain ’*zs twenty years ago. During the Inst ten or fifteen years great discoveries have bean inode in and about Afri ca, and many new and important facts brought to light. In addition to the numerous eligible points on the coast, occupied by slave traders, the French have had for soma time n settle ment on the Senegal, and have recently taken possesdicui of the Gaboon region ; the Danes are on the Rio Volta; the Dutch on the gold coast; the Portuguese at Loange ; the Ameri cans at Liberia—now formed into a indepeu dtai Republic, with laws modelled after our own—-and the English at Sierra Leone, iu the Gambia, and on the gold coast. From lhe results? of these colonies and the testimony of travellers, such as Park. Lander, Laird, Clapperton, Burckhart, McQueen. Dun can, and ethers, we arc afforded evidence that nature has scattered her bounties with the most lavish hand, and that what is required to make them available to the noblest purposes is a legitimate commerce, sustained by our rulers and directed by honorable men. Amsng lhe productions of the soil may be named. Grain.— Rice, Indian corn, Guinea corn, miiirU, wheat, do in ah, &c. , . F-—iiOi-t-rr--; -- I ria- - dates, taraarinds, and mango plum,<Scc. Roots.--Manioc, igname, batalee, yams, camda, arrowroot, ginger, sweet potato, beans, peas, dee. Timber.— Palm nut, shea or butter nut, co coa nut, cola nut, croton nnt, castor oil nut, netta nut, peanut, &c. Carmine, yellow various shades, blue, orange varius shades, rtd, crimson, b wn, &c. DucwooJs.— Camwood, barwood, &c. Gums.— Copal, Senegal, mastic, sudan, &c. Drugs.— Aloes, Cassia, senna, frankincense, copniva, &c. , Jfinera/a —Gold, iran, copper, emery, salt amoniac. nitre, &c MisceUa^cous.— Sugar cane, coffee, cocoa, cotton, tobacco, India rubber, beeswax, ostrich f.xiteers, hides, skins, ivory, pepper of all varieties, spices, hemp, honey, &c. In the acimal kingdom 1 fini that, in addition to the wild bsasis v.hich infest its forests and occupy its swamps, arid whoso skios, teeth, and horns are valuable as articles of com merce, immense herds of catHe, inenlcuablo ia number, range its plains. Hides, therefore, t© almost any amount, may bo obtained Fish of all kinds visit the shortsand rivers in innumerable sbeals, and are easily taken in large qutißtirics daring the proper season. The mineral kingdom ha» not been explored, but enough is known to show thnt the pre cious me:ai« ahr.und, particularly gold. Thn is found throughout the known regions of As nea, in beds of rivers and in mines. Dupuis and Buwditch speak ol the “solid lumps of rock gold ” which ornament the persona of the attendant* in lhe Court cf the King of A-hastee, at Cooma-siw. Mrs. Bowditch says the great men will frequently, on state o ca riniiji, «o load ?btyr wrists with those lumps that they are obliged to support them on the head of a hoy. The ireu ore found near Sierra Leone is particularly rich, yielding seventy-nine per cent., and is said to bo well adapted to making steel. Cupper is ge abundant in Mayomba (hat they gather from the surface of the ground enough for their purpose*. A few wordi* on the productiveness of the soil. It lus been proved that two crops of corn, sweet potatoes and .’everal oiber vegeta bles can bo and are-raised in a year. They yield a larger crop than the beat soils in Amer ica Ono aero of rich land, well tilled, says Governor Ashmun, will prodaee three hun dred dollars worth of indigo. Half an acre may bo mada to grow half a ton of arrow root. Fuiir acres laid out in coffee plants will, i.ficr the third year, produce a ciear income of two or three hundred dollars. Half an acre of cotton trees, yisiding cotton cf an equal, if not superior, length and strength of »; :plo and fineness and color than fair “Orleans,” will clothe a whole family, and ©ne acre of eanes will make the •amo number independent of all the world for The dyes in partic ular are found to rceixt bath acids and light, propertioe which no other dyes that we know us porsess. In the year 1840,39 Briti-h vessels arrived at Cape Coa t Since that time the trade has been gradually improving. The last year's ~t:> t'm p• ■ rfa "it»»FVAj £423.170 sterling, and the expert* £115,000 s erliug. Tee total export ol British merchan dise to Africa is at pre?on* estimated at £5,- 000,0U0 sterling per annum. The average import of palm oil alone into Lietrpoid for some years past, has been at leatt 15.(100 tons ayenr, valued at about £400,- OOOaterfiu*, and giving employment to 25- 000 or 30 000 tens of shipping. The imports iuto the Rt pubiie of Libetia are estimated by ■as American (while) phyr.ician, who has spent mx years there, at $120,000 per annum, and ;be exports as reaching very nearly the same amount. The commerce of our own country with Africa is daily becoming an important item. The principal seats of thia trade are Sa lem, Massachusetts, and Providence. Rhode Island. New York eccasionally sends, while our city has at the present limo five sail of brigs and barques actively and profitably em ployed Ono pf our merchants stated that he o’sared $12,000 is one year on tho single article of ground or peanuts Strange as it <uav appear, nearly all thesu nuts are tranship ped to France, where they command a ready rale, are there converted ;n*o, and thence find their way over tbo world in lhe shspe us olive oil— the skill of the French chemists enabling tbeai to simulate the real Lucca and Florence oil eo as to deceive tho nicest judges. Indeed the oil from peanuts swoetne<s and delicacy not to be surpa-ised. While we "really regret that there are no meaas of a 'quiria? proper and correct in formation of the commerce of Africa, yet we presume from the lac’s we have already given that there are at Icnst 160.000 OOOof inhabi ants in that continent, the whale of whom are not on ly willing but auxiou* to exchange the various products cf their prolific soil lor (be dry goods, powder, rum beads, pipe* 1 , tobacco, lead bars, iron bars, hardware glassware earthenware, bras*ware, cowries, soap, flints, tallow and sperm candies,wines, beef, pork, lard, flour, meal, bams, tongues, bi-temt, crackers, perfu mery, and ih? tuuusaud other articles produced by the skill and industry us our citizens. So important and valuable ha-» this rapidly iocreaning commerce become t-» Great Britain* that we cannot but notice tho gieat efforts whisii hn»e bean made and arc making, by lhal power to secure all the trade of Africa te her marehanrs. In addition to lhe aid given to various enterprising travellers, and the enor mou* expeiKn borne by her in keeping up a largo and - ffieientsquadron on tho coast, and in sustaining her colonies there, we behold her pouring forth immense sums of money on (he celebrated “Niger expedition in sending Mr. Duncan tn negotiate a trea’y with ths powerful King of Dahomey ; and in the read} acknowledgment of the independence of the Republic of Liberia—entering immediately into a trea’y ofcommerce and amity—and lhe kind attention shown Pres : dent Roberts during his brief stay ia that coumry. ! it therefore well becomes our Government ( to awaken themselves to ina importance of the African trade. Ours are emphatically a com- I merci d people, and, to enable them to enter , into compel.lions with the English trader*, de . mando the earliest and most serious attention. ♦S.nce writing the foregoing, information has been received by the steamer America “(hat it is in cou teuiplaticu by some Liverpool merchants—with every prospect of success—te terra sn A'rcaa company, v.iib a cipita! of X 1,009.000, in 2 COO shares of XSO each, for the purpose of trade with Africa. Character or Wxst-Isuiaw Females The white females of the West Indies are gen erallv ratner of a inure slender form than the European wom«n. Their complexion, which they are peen iar y careful to preserve, is either a pure whi*.* er brunette wi.h but lit tle or none es the bloom of the rose, which, to a stranger, has rather a sickly dppeArance at first, tr nigh that impression craduily wears cd’ Their features are sweet and regular; their eyes rather expressive than sparkling; their voices soft aud pieasin? ; and tneir whole air and locks tender, gentle, and feminine. ! With the appearance of tiuguor and indo : lence, they are active and animated en occa- I sions, partieuiarfy when dancing, an amuse i meat of which they are particularly fond, and in which they display a natural ease, craceftil ne--s and agility, which surprises and delight a strauger. Tney are fond ot music, cud there are few who have notsn intuitive tas’e for and fine voices. Tney are accused cf exce-f« ive indolence ; and exaggerated vxampies of this are given by tbo«o v-ht ? object is io ex hibit them to ridicnle. These exaggerations, like ali n itofs of a n.ihond.l description, savor more of caricature than truth. The he.it of the c i hate, joined to the s’;it habits of a se dentary life, naturally begets a languor, list lessncs*. and cisposiuou to self-mdnlgence, to •-hich the females of more northeru climates are strangers. Tne daily 101 lin b«d, before | dinner, is so gratifying a relaxation, tliat H has 1 become almost as necessary as their nightly I repo e. To fiitn up in a few words, the character of the Creole ladies, ibev are so excessively fond <f pleasure and amusements, that they wenld be g’ad if the whole texture of human life wert formed of nothing else ; bails, in particu lar, are div r great delight; they are averse to • wh i ever requires ranch mer/?l or bodily exer : tmu, danciug excepted ; reading they do not cire much ~best. except to fill wp an idle hour; • arid d ;gsnee. industry, and economy cannot ’ be said tebe among the number of their vir- • tees. — Stewart s Jaautico. IThe pepuiauou ol Ceiumnus, Ohio, accord ing t * the census jns:completed, is 17,636. In 1340 it was but 6.00 U. Tii. Heaonrce. <rf tS c Tbu New York Courior, in i iKiicloou th* comaiercial consequence. <>r<i:«i»A(in, famish es us.i.y iutere.ting fuels. the fal- lowing table, which allows the the Slave States far throo years: ? -■». .-1A47, Cotton $95,250,000 7 ?2£06,000 1'...” 6.616,741 Lie. 3 811,564 2,57ak: 3,031,215 ral Stores..• 1,624,193 _ 3i07,332.®6 asMxoin To: .1 3125,750,396 Os which there were commies, during the same sjJ.eii'',Jerived from ofiioial return., viz: ffiMßlßf 1319. I?W-: 1847. C’tion $66.306 957 61,9eW4 33.415 878 Tobacco 5,804,207 ‘ 7,55^t'®,242,086 H'.-e 2,569,363 «,3?t Kfca,6os,f?9S Xmal Stores.. . 845,161 . 7' X'3 ? 759,221 - $75,015,709 The same paper faraizbes a t ;i» of the pro ducts of the Free State. same pe riod : Svmmaby of I,'ll rntue of txportg of luch articles as by the Free States, ' orfro;n ab oad by the c.ipital of such as are identified Sjtt the interests of the Free States, tiz jf. 1848. 1847. ;»o h "7 »BWMb.79r- 795.850 . Oil and Whalebone 1,87d8®V1,<i;5,327 2,480.716 - W 39 191,467 S.inr, Furs and Ginung ... Lumber, and other artie’es Manufactured from wood- 3,7066,817 3 806 341 * ,hc ’-. Provisions (estimato) 10QQ6W 'r-f,fcOO,OOO 7,3<. 1 0600 Bre-dstuffa » - ‘42 50/ 000 Miscellaneous •* l 551744 sfi, Add maaufistured goods, estimated 948,584,744 4.69,203,986 — —— —— — — _— —— —lL Statement of the vdue of imports into the United States fur the last three years, designating the proportion received at the North and at the South: 1849. IF4B. 1847. New York-... 92.736 497 94,525,141 84,167.352 Boston 26.327.874 28,647,707 34,477,008 Other n’l’np'to 14,716,030 14,200,043 11,161,667 Total North-. 133,7 0,361 137,372,891 129,806,027 New Orleans.. .8,077,910 9.3:0,439 9,222 969 Charleston... -1,310 591 1,495,299 1.580,658 Other eou’n p’ts 4,688,577 6.760.29 S 5 934,978 Total South... 14,077,078 17.626,035 16,738,605 The exports of lhe Slave Scetes exceed that of lhe Free States by one-half; while lhe im imporis ofthe North exceed those efihe South in the proportion of 133.000,000 to $14,000,- 000 Why, asks the New Orleans Crescent, ahouid a state of »(T<iire so unnatural exist? Why should not New Orleans and Mobile Savacr nah and Charleston, enjoy the advantages from the foreign goods received in exchange for the products of tho Southern plantations 1 Is there any principle of political economy which militates against s he commerce of these ckies ? Lar„c ships carry away from enr levee full cargoes of unmanufactured cotton, of rice, and tobacco, why should they not return loaded with that same cotton manufactured. New Orlem*. and the other Southern cities, carry on a direct export trade with all parts of the world; what prevents an import trade equally extensive ? That i; is not done is the best an swer. New York and Boston most have ad vantages to counterbalance those which appa re-n ly are in favor of tho South. The goods received in payment of Southern pr«?dncls. are carried to New York, where they pay insu rance, pilota.e, tonsage, wharfage, drayage, rents, profit. They are reshipped, and again tho diflerent charges are incurred. The freight, if sitr uice. and charges from Liverpool or H.vreto Charleston dr New Orleans, are but little more than to New York, while the charges from New York to New Orleans are almost the t>3me as iho»e direct from Europe to any of the American ports. In truth during six months of tho year, the Southern ports are either Nsw York or i uto iu 9 vFSt 'EiMPs* ">' ’ > an adv. ntage, but are rapidly approaching lhe their railroads. The present unnaturaircoarse of trade can be, in some degree, attributed to (he ridiculous feeling cherished in the South that mercantile pursuits were of a menial char acter. Ihe old families of Carolina would not allow their sons to enter a causing house. In 1637, a Southern Convention, was held at Augosta, to encourage a direct trade with Europe, and an address was published which gravely set forth that commercial pursuits were not derogatory to the character of a gen tleman ! Instead of wasting their time ir. the forma tion of Southern assecia'.iens ar.d committees of safety to carry on a contemplat'id system of espiiniige. they would far more efficiently pro mote the caase of the South, by encouraging its feeble foreign commerce, and assistitig to bring back the trade of the country to its legit imate channels. Manufacture or Rvzoks. —The manufac ture of razors,like that of surgical instruments, is one efthe highest branches of cutlery handi craft, on which the very superior workmen are employed. They aro made of rods of cast steel, half an inch broad,and just as lhH& as a razor’s back, which rods are first attacked at the ” ra zor forge.” To manage the operation two men are required—a maker and a striker. The maker manages, with his lot band, the rod, glowing red, while he uses the hammer with his right; and the striker wields a sledge ham mer, delivering bis strokes alternately with those given by the maker. The sound issuing from the smithies where these doable hammers are at work (weighing respectively 3| lbs. and 7 lbs.) have not only found coimtemoration in ilandell’s ‘llannonious Blacksmith,’ but in the poems of one ©four poets, who dwells over— Vulcan’s strong sons, with nervous arms around The steady anvil and the glaring Ulaitar their heavy hammers dows by turns, Flattening the steel. The anvil for razors is a little rounded at the sides, which enable* the forger to give the blade a little thinner edge, and thereby save the grinder much trouble. The rator blades, as soon as they leave the anvil, an* hardened by being heated to a white heat, aiU then immers ed in cold water. They are next tempered by being laid sid® by side with their edges upward with a flat iron plate over the fire until they have acquired a yellow brown color, which 'eavesthem still very hard. Sugar Rkfimno.—Ono es sur New Yotk contemporaries apeaks of a newly-inv®n»ed process for refining or cleaning pugar, which is about to be employed in one of the refining establishments of that city. Th© sagar, mixed with molasses until it has a mi fluid consis tency, is thrown into a revolving sieve, with aieshes so close as n confine the grains of sugar, while it permits the molasses to escape; and the sieve being revolved with prodigious velocity—two thousand revelations arnimite— the molasses is driven ont by the centrifugal force, leaving the sugar behind, clear, white, ♦< 4* fuirfaclly dry. Tesembhug what is called refined brown sugar, and needing but one more operation to convert it into the loaf. The seive refines two hundred pounds at a urae, and in the short space, we of two ruinulus The Great B'uin.—U is stated that tha Mor- I room have recently discovered whirlpools in the Salt Lake. which may possibly lead to the discovery of some outlet for the waters of the Great Basin, in which the Mormons have es tablished their home. This basin ia some five hundred miles in diameter every way, between four and five thousand feet abeve the level of theses, shut in all around by mountains with its own system of lakes and rivers, and having no known connexion whatever wi h the sea. Tbs Daxvcrs Bas* Tkagkoy,—From fnniier developments, lucre is not the slightest ground to believe that Page, who was shot st Danvers, Mass., last week.bythe watchman, ! under the supposition that he intended to rob ' the bask, had any such object in view. A I countryman, who was lying in his wagon near ■ the bank, witnessed the whole scene and de I ties that there was any one ‘ n company with ' Page, or that any parties left in a carriage as- I t r the shot was fired. He says he drove Lis wagen off shortly after, which the watchman doubtless took for a carriage, Bauman, the watehnaan, acknowledges that when he first saw Page stop tn front of the bank he stirted to get hie gno, and made a noise by striking his foot against a coal hod. The countryman testifies that Page suddenly ran up to the door, enquiring who was there, shortly after which the gun was fired. The orobabihty. therefore, is that,hearing some one in the bans at that nausual hour, be thought there were robbers within, and approached t.ie door to ascertain the fact The watchman evidently was very basty in firing.— Balt. Sun To Yocso Lantis. —In endeavoring to avoid everything like display, young ladies should fe <-..refill not to fall into the opposite extreme— | that of nrudery. There is more sincerity, if I there be less nicety, in the conductof a really i virtuous woman than there is in that of a prude, and seme degree of freedom, ae far from be ing it compatible with the strictest virtue, is one of it-- principal privileges. If a lacy is ob ]>s=d to receive company en iiehaMle it is a sign ofter good breeding if she appears per fectly at ease and makes little or no apology for □er appearance. j Tbe Gold Mountain.—We have heard sotns indefinite rumorsand stories in queaiioii j able shapes of the great gold mountain recent- Ily discovered in California. In the New York Tribune we have a long detailed account of this golden Alps, received from a reliable per son who visited it. It lies in latitude 33 dag. north, two hundred und fifty miles east of Los Angelos, South California, and perhaps one hundred west of the Colorado. Ths Tribune says ‘‘the region is as forbidding as can bo. without inhabitants, even aboriginal, though there is a sparse population of savages on the Mahave river, aay fifly tnil.s oast. To ap proach it, you pass over the Sierra Nevada, near Mount San Bernardino, across two sand deserts of sixty to eighty miles, and thence to a region of deep canons and rugged moun tains, sterile, almost destitute of grass, and with no timber except the musquit, which rare- , ly grov s to the size of a man’s arm. The region is infested with rattle snakes in ircre- j dible numbers, and lhe earth so full of mine- i rals (especially sal seratns) that lhe water is absolutely poisonous. There is no water fit to drink within sixteen miles of the ‘Gold , Mountain, so called, which rises about 450 i feat rather steeply from a canon, which has i an elevation of some one hundred and fifty feet on the other side of it. The canon is about one fourth of a mile long, and the two hills are surrounded by sand deserts. The hills are composed of a dark hornblende rock with perhaps a tenth of white feldspar inter mixed with it; and the gold is found in both, generally running in streaks or strings, though sometimes showing bulbs or lumps like a but ton. It has been lonud by analysis to yield an average of about $2 50 per pound of the rock.” The informant of the Tribune has no doubt that the gold of this region extend, all the way from Sonora, in northern Mexico, to the up- ,»nd Oregon.—a distance of fall H4gn.T«tndrets7mges7 scribed is about five hundred miles from the nearest diggings in California, but cannot bo approached by less than a thousand miles of actual travel. It is very near the boundary line just established by Congress between California and Utah. A company has bean formed in San Fran cisco expressly to mine this 'Gold Mountain’ and vicinity. It is entitled ‘the Los Angelos Gold Mining Company/ and has or is to have a capital of $750,000. It has already sent for ward a pioneer party of one hundred miners, with implements, provisions. &c. Says the Tribune farther: “This region is some hundred miles from anywhere, in a foodless, grassless, woodless, waterless region, whose chief denizens are raltle-siittkes and whero the thermometer fre quently shows 130 to 150 degrees of Fahren heit, with the first drop of drinkable water six teen miles away. Our friend who visited it met on the way thither scores of immigrant men, women and children, tottering Califor nia-ward, on wishing, and nearly di vested of clothing by the briers and thorns, through which they had scrambled since their animals Rtarv-pl or sank to die by tho way. The hollow aim wasting survivors were fran tic for bread—they bad no longer an appetite for geld.” Se people.who go thither for gobi will have a weary way to travel and then stand no chance of satisfying their appetites unless they carry machinery with them. Wheat Varieties.—The National Intelli gencer sayaf*We mentioned some weeks ago that Lieut. \V. D. Porter, then just from the Mediterranean, had placed in our hand* for distribution a small quan’itv of several kinds of Italian wls*t. Being lately on a visit to some friends in Maryland, he, aided by several experienced wheat growers of (ho neighbor hood, instituted a comparison between the yield and weight of the Italian wheats and the native grain el this region of country, and he has furnished us with the annexed statement of the results : WMBAT* COMPARBD. Italian Macaroni wheat, 100 gr. equal 135 best Amer. “ Prolific “ 100 “ 152 “ “ White “ 100 “ 150 “ The best Amer, wheat averages 40 grains the bead. The Italian Prolific “ 110 “ Difference 70 grains. Weight of a bus. of Amer, wheat measured 60 lbs. Os Prolific wheat 68 “ Difference 8 Weight of 20 bus. of American wheat- ••• 1,200 lbs. Prolific wheat 1,360 “ Difference in 20 bushels 160 The difference per head is 70 grains, which makes each stock of Prolific wheat very near three times as productive as the best Ameiicau. Supposing that the same number of stalks of Pt otitic was grown on an acre as American wheat, it would bring sixty measured bushels o r grain to the aero; allowing 68 pounds to each measurou bushel, would make the diffe rence : Prolific, 4,080; American, 1,200: difference, 2.880 pounds. One hundred aces of Ptclific wheat would preduct; ' XJJj — linTci-ence/. 4,800" It ail road Statistics* The Nashville Whig has a table, compiled from authentic sources, showing that on the Ist of August, 1850, there were finished arid in use, in twenty-three of the Sates of the Union, two hundred and two railroads, with an aggregate length of 7,741*1 miles, exclunoe of "coal roads.” or those used for transporting coal. The following table show's the States in which they are, their length, and the rate per mile, on an average, charged passengers: States. Roads. Miles, Passage per mile. New York 30. • • • • 1,28'4 2 80c Massachusetts ••'2 9934 2 82c Pennsylvania •• »23 740 3.31 c Georgia 6 660 3 22c Connecticut ••••11 450£ 2.68 c Ohio 8 411 3.00 c New Hampshire* 18- • • • ••405J 2 92c Michigan 4 317 3.49 c ) Maryland 6 315 3.92 c i Virginia 8 307 4.28 c Vermont. 4 2 :2 7 •• •• 3.01 c South Cirolina*. 4 3.99 c North Carolina*. 2 319 3.54 c New Jersey-••• 9 239 3,02 c Maine 10...•••225 2.94 s Alabama 2 112 5.14 c Indiana 2- 102 2.95 c Illinois 2 97 4.49 c Louisiana 5 89 4.07 c Rhode Island ••• 2 61 i unknown Mississippi 1 60 4.58 c Kentucky 2 55 3.57 c Delaware 1 16 4.68 c 202 7,741} Os these roads ten are in the Northern and Eastern States, making in the aggregate 4,702| miles; and in the Southern and Western S atee thirteen, the aggregate length of which is 3 039 miles- Os these roads there are nine located I in the slave States, the aggregate length of ; which is 2,109 miles; and theie are fourteen I in the non-slaveholding States, with a length 0f5,(>32J miles, The average rates per mile charged for a passenger on the former is 313, and on tha latter 3.78, and the average rates of passage per mile on all the American roads is 3,51. Fravds is Vinegar.—ll is not generally known to what an extent the adulteration, or rather the counterfeiting of this article, is cor ried on in this city. Under the name es Vino gar, deadly poisons are sold in large quanti ties. The mode of this dangerous swindle is to manufacture a scarious aaticle from vegeta ble or mineral poisons, to wit, of Sulphuric acid, or of nitric acid, or citric or Tartaric acids—a sutficient quantity to a barrel of Cro ton water a sharp pungent acid taste. This colored with sour beer or burnt sugar, is sold for‘‘Cider Vinegar.” or is sold uncolored.for “ White Wine Vinegar.” Sulphuric and_ nitric acids by their common names of “oil of Vitroil ’’ and “Aqua; Fortis,” are know by all to be deadly mineral poisons, and the others, though to a less degree, highly injurious. A mock articcle called Vinegar can be manufac tured of any of these materials at an expene of ten cents*per bsrre, exclusive of the coat of the barrel —N. Y Far. Jr Mechanic. Facts About Swine.—We have received from Mr. Rood, of Adrian, some facts in regard to the breeding of swine, which are of importance to every farmer, Mr. R. remarked that he had long observed that pigs from old sows made heavier bogs than those from young sows. And he related an instance which places the matter in a very striking light. He had two sows of the same breed, one of which was one year old and the other three, the fi-rmer being out of the latter. Both sows had a litter of pigs on the same night, and a part of both litters were put together aod nursed by the older sow. The pigs of the younger sow were apparently the most prom ising, st first; bn t they al grew up together, were treated alike, and fatted alike, and when they came to be killed the pigs oi the 0.-der sow weighed about eighty pounds more than those of tbe young one —Michigan Farmer. Boston Liberality.— The Boston Courier es Monday eay» — The trustees of the McLean Asylum in this citv, received some weeks since, a donation of twenty thousand dol ars from our feilow-cit izen. the Hon. William Appleton. It is known to manv among us, that Mr. Appleton has long been a director of the institution, and his al ways taken a lively interest in its management. Tins munificent donation, he desires sheuld be appropriated to the purpose of erecting an ad ditional wing to me present building, which has been foasd insufficient for tbe public wants. Union Victory.—An election for Marshal of lheciy of Colutnbes occurred on Saturday ias». We are informed, by telegraehic dis patch. that it was made a lest question—and that Robinson, the Union candidate, was cho -setl by mu Aundred and fifty majority Mus co’ce, it is well known, has been the hot-bed of disunion; and judging from the tone of tue I Timer and Sentinel. we had supposed that wm tenths of the people there subsisted en tirely upon ■ fire.’ The result of this little elec tion. however, proves that disunion has no foot-hold even in Muscogee.— Joar. if Mess. The new steamship -• Brother Jonathan,’’ intended for the Pacific trade was launched at INew York on Saturday. She is a ship of the largest size, and has been completed tn less than one hundred days since the keel was laid. The Honruhs of War.—The subjoined passages, in a letter written from Mexico by an army surgeon after the battle of Chapel • topee, and published in the. Knickerbocker, will afford the reader a vivid idea of the horrors of war: Heaps of dead and wounded presented themselves to my vision on every hand as I approached the castle. The wounded Ameri cans were carried in as fast as possible ; the Mexicans, though there was every disposition to give them the attention humanity required, bad to bide their time. Our losses had been heavy, but theirs greater incomparably, not wi.hstanding the shelter they had enjoyed to the last moment from their defences. Their ; dead bodies lay in masses of tens, twenties or j more, wherever there had been concentration ; some there were gasping in tho last agonies, i with their dark faces upturned te the sun, like ' list thrown on shore by the angler, writhing ■ and struggling in death ; others lay motionless, but an occasional gasp, an upheaving of the chest, alone gave evidence that the vital spark had not entirely fled. Upon entering the castle I was arrested by ' some Mexican officers, who besought me to see a person, apparently a general officer, to whom they were attending. One moment sufficed. A ball had passed through his neck, another trough his head; he was speechless and motionless, the blood was passing into his windpipe, but his dying eye seemed to say ho knew bis own condition, as I believe ho did. As his case was hopeless I passed immediately on, only pausing a moment to gaza on the fearful nmtilati* n of the human bodies lying around. There were crushed beads, mangled limbs, and torn up bodies; brains, hearts, lungs, and bowels released from their natural confines; eyes hanging out from their sockets, aad all the lacerations and;contusions th?t fol- the sabre or thaZtayo* neh iiravo officers; actively in the fearful scene, told mo they had had enough es the horrors of war, and hoped never again to witness them. I soon was earnestly engaged in my occupations, lopping off*crushed limbs and dressing wounds, snatch ing occasional moments to glance at the move ments of the troops as they moved along the causeway, by the aqueducts, to the city. I was fagged with labor, hungry and sleepy; but there was no rest to be had there. I pass ed the night operating and assisting the opera tions of others. At times I threw n»y weary person down on one of the benches for a little sleep, to enabla me to continue my labors; but sleep bad fled far from me, and the groans and cries of the sufferers, the heavy tread of soldiers bringing in wounded, the flashing lights of the surgeons and attendants, dispelled the hope of a moment’s repose. About midnight a considerate person boiled a little coffee for those who stood in need of it, or rasher for such as saw it, for all were nearly famished ; and 1 found half a tin cupfull, without milk or sugar, but accompanied by a little dry bread, refreshing and renovating. Although there was immense aufferiag a roong the wounded they bore it generally with remarkable stoicism; men in their senses seemed to scorn to complain, but lay patiently awaiting the operation of the change that was t? decide the prospect of life or death. In one instance, while taking off* the forearm of a rifle man, a sturdy son of the Emerald Isle, with a shattered wrist, he conversed calmly during the operation, uttering notagroan; and the arteries were scarcely tied before he was smoking a pipe borrowed from a comrade. Men seemed to feel cut off*from human sym pathies, and certaiuly were not unnerved, as is so common in civil life, by the kind and gentle attention of friends. Wreck of the Flying Machine.— Yesterday af ternoon, long beiure the lime arrived for the ascension by Captain Taggart in his “Flying Machine/’ the Thatch Cottage Garden in Jer sey City, and the vacant yards and housetops, were nearly covered with people; upwards of five thousand must have been present. z\t4 o’clock Captain Taggart jumped into the ear attached to the balloon, and, owing to some mismanagement after the main rope was loosed, the small cord which held the machine broke, and the balloon being obstructed by a post, against which it swung, gradually descended and dropped into the pond of water below the Cottage. It was then brought to the shore, and after the Captain had managed to extri cate himself from his perilous predicament, an other cord was fastened to the machine, and he contrived to get it upon the bridge, which crosses the pond, and it was no sooner there than the other cord broke, and the balloon, with all the flying apparatus, shot off into the air, amidst the shouts of a number, who seemed delighted at Capt- Taggart’s misfortune. The majority, however, sympathized with him. The Captain seemed to bear his misfortune very lightly, saying, dial he would “make an other.” At a late hour, last evening, the bal loon whs seen in the air, and as if going to sea —N. Y. Cour. Enq A Novel Cargo for California. — The new TiT’ 1 r ■' ■' ftii A-nh— fixture*-attached, except the melt. which has b en taken down. She 1» in length, 30 feet wide from outside to ou'side of paddle boxes The Fanny is a vessel of about 800 tons, built expressly for this object by Henry Eastman, Esq , one of the most en terprising citizens of St. Stephens, assisted by Master Ilyuies, one of the ablest shiplights in die country. Both design to be present to superintend the delivery in the harbor ot Sun Francisco. Tas Supply or Sugar.—lt is estimated (says the New Orleans Bulletin) that the quan tity of sugars on hand on the Ist of August, in the principal markets of the world, was otdy one-half of that on band at the same date in 1849. This deficit is accounted for by the pro gress of population, and not from any great failing off in the production. In 1840, Eng land consumed two hundred thousand tons, and in 1849 eight hundred aud seventeen thou sand, caused by low prices and by the addition annually of four hundred thousand to the pop illation requiring ten thousand hogsheads, of one thousand pounds each, every year more than the preceding one to supply her wants. The increase of population in the United Statesis estimated at one million per annum, and the consumption thirty five pounds each person- Tl is would require 45,000 hogheads of similar size, to meet the demand, forming in the aggregate 45.000 casks of sugar more in 1850 than in 1849. The present scareily is caused by increased consumption aud not by decreased production. It can hardly bo expected, says the U. S. Journal, that Cuba th uld produce more su gar in future than she now does. The cir cumstances remaining the same, she must in a year feel the want of laborers, as it is said that the cholera has carried elf 25,000 slaves, and it is fair to conclude that, with the friendly feel ing wnich now exists between Spain and Eng land, the British ministry have eagerly seized the opportunity to press the extinction of die slave trade upou the Cabinet of Madrid, which could be so easily effected with an expected naval fore, of upwards of twenty vessels of war Interkstiso to iron eocnders.—An ingen ious machinist es Washington, Mr. C. War ner, has just matured a most singularly con trived machine for making moulds in sand for iron founding. We learn from the Republic that the sand that is fed into a hopper, not un like that of a grist mill, is carried through va rious processes, and finally brings out the per fect matrix of any model applied. It is not only adapted to iron tubes, or other long and slender objects, but is susceptible of being ap plied to the production of moulds of other forms. Another invention by lhe samegentlemancon ais‘s of a new mode of connecting iron pipes, which greatly facilitates the laying them, and in such manner that they may be readily removed joint by joint, without disturbing the adjoining sections, when change or repair is necessary The newly invented steam diving bell boat built recently at Paducah, Ky., is accomplishing wonders on lhe Western waters. She was built for the express purpose of rescuing pro perty from sunken vessels, and soon after being launched and prepared for business, she pro ceeded up the Cumberland river to the wreck of the steamer Charles Carroll, and in about three or four weeks time the entire cargo lit the hull, consisting of some 4.500 barrels pork and lard, was taken out. and finally the hull it self was raised and removed from the channel of the river, to which it had formed a very se rious obstruction. This extensive job comple ted she proceeded to the Onio, where the ma chinery and boilers of a sunken boat were ta ken ont. Thence she was directed to the spot, a sort distance below Cairo, where the steam er Nepluee sunk, thirty years ago,and with a dive of fifty-five feet, a number of articles were rescued, which were considered hopelessly lost. The iron chest of the boat, containing sundry articles and a pocket book filled with what were once bank notes, were among the contents of the chest, but they disappeared as soon as brought in contact with the air, and nothing remained but ths cai'*kin in wh.ch thev wors <?nveloppd. Abont five hundred > pigs of lead in a good state of preservation, were also taken from the deep, and a jar of butter, decidedly the oldest extant ihe jar is certainly a curiosity in its way, win, toe idanheal saucer on lhe mouth to preserve tae contents from injury, and shows the care of the shippers of this necessary article in those prim itive days. The London Morning Cnronicie says that a paddle boat cannot perform a lou.er stage than 3900 miles, without requiring a fresh sup ply cf fuel, while a screw boat can perform a stage ofUUOO miles. The paddle steamer, it u added is occupied by an engine of dimensions so large, that me proportion of horse power to the total tonnage of the vessel is as 1 to 3. or j as 1 to 21; and upon the employment of steam i the progress of the craft exclti-ire!;.- depends. The screw steamer on the other hand, is far less incumbered win machinery. Her engine u not more than one horse power to eight or rune tonsofmrasuresoent, and the whoieeqnip tnentoliae ship proceeds upon the suppusi- Ition that satis are to be used as in a sailing ves sel, with the screw only as a protection against calms, light breezes and head winds, VOL.LXIV—NEW SERIES VOL.XIV—NO 46. Tl>€ Stars and Stripes in Foreign Lands. Wo notice in our exchanges the fallowing extract of a letter from a gentleman of board the U. 8. frigate CsnsMution, now m the Med terranean: Srazziz, Oct. 1 1850. “We have just received on board the Flag Ship a party of Hungarians who recently ar rived here. They were officers in the Hunga rian war of liberty, and wore forcibly reduced by the Au.frians to the ranks. They recently arrived in Tuscany, in the rank, of a large Austrian reinforcement, (20,000,) and took tho first opportunity of g.capiag here, where they arrived after great hardships; and a. they could not get out of thg country in any other wav, this government would have been obliged to give them up to the Austrians. They ap pealed to tho Commodore, and are now safe under the stars and stripes." No tree friend of his country oan read tiiis paragraph without feeling a thrill of pride at his heart. However much the revolutionists may deride our time-honored Union, there is a magic power in it. Aug far the protection of the exile, wherever it Seats, whether on the land or on the sea. It is a sign of refuge for the oppressed. Beneath its ample folds the struggling llußgaiian, the fair haired Garman, the open hearted son of Erin, the sturdy Scotch man, tho gay Frenchman, the Italian, the Spaniard—all may be sure es finding protec tection. Il is an emblem of Union and Liberty and Strength wherever it wave.; and the wretch who would causelessly strike it to the earth, is an enemy to his race, to his country, and his God. That flag was made by Sion. It was the work of Washington, of Franklin, Hancock, the elder Adams, Jefferson, Carroll, Roger Sherman, and Hall. It was baptised in the beet blood of the revolution. It floated over Washington and I<afayet(p. ever Greene mid Pulaaki, ever Jackson and Jasper. It was aphmkfil Killaiul ¥.?rf-lowa, at Trento* and savannah—tne same flag (fill was grveTrTtTTtnr breeze at Baena Vista and that streamed from the capital es the Aztecs. It was under this flag that tho gallant Hungarians found refuge; and is a sure protection to the exile and the oppressed of all nations. It is the vine and fig tree for the world, beneath which al! men may enjoy religion and liberty unmolested. Yet, we regret to say, there aro restless spirits in the laud, who would erase these •‘stripes” and blot out these “stars.” They would tear down the temple of liberty, which was erected upon the bones andeeuaented with the blood of our forefathers. Shall th® friend-* of the Union and of th a South staud idly by as the witnesses of this desecration ? Does cur honor or our righto require the destruction of the Gevernroent? The patriot ashes that re pose upon Mount Vernon, the cause of civil and religious liberty, and the suffering of the poor and oppressed of other lands, cry aloud against the monstrous act. Items of Creneral Intelligence. Thirty thousand dollars nearly, have been collected for the Washington National Monu ment this year. The Asia’s news, on her last arrival, was in New Orleans twenty-five minutes after it reached New York. The Chancery suit in England of the Attor ney General vs. Treschyan, is now oue hun dred and sixty-four years old. Mr. Andrew Lyon, living near Port Deposit Cecil county, Maryland, raised on eight acres of ground, saveu hundred and fifty bushels of corn. The new brig Saidbin Sultan, which left Newburyport some time since for Salem, for the purpose of being coppered, has not bsen heard of since, and is supposed to have been Jost. In the Indiana Constitutional Convention, the Committee on Rights and privileges of in habitants have reported an article prohibiting the immigration of negroes into the State, and also their right to hold real estate. The British Mail steamer Merlin arrived at New York on Monday evening, from Halifax, and will sail on Thursday, the 7th inst. for Ber muda aud St. Thomas, being the pioneer of the new steam line between that port and the West India Islands. Mr. John Upperham, of Armstrong Counly, has raised during the present season some of the largest pumpkins ever known—one of them measured round the girt six feet and a half, and lengthwise seven feet, weighed one hundred and fifty two pounds. The General Asaembly of Rhode Island ad journed on Friday evening. The bill for the removal of the political disabilities of those convicted of offences against the State in 1842, having special reference to the case ofEx-Gov ernor Dorr, was rejected in the Senate by a vote of 14 to 17. An Outrage.— The barque Helen of Thom aston from Malaga, arrived at New York on Monday, reports that when abreast of Gibral tar, on rhe sth of October, a shot was fired from the fort, which shattered trio stock of the anchor, and passed within 4 feet of the mate. This matter requires explanation, and we hope ■yin WWWt.Wik aud cattle are daily killed and packed head are'to be put up for Nevries & Son, New York, worth S7O 000; and during the pork packing season, 3000 hogs will be daily added to the beef business. Other large establish ments are also engaged in packing in Cleve land. During the month of October, the entire receipts on the Reading Railroad amounted to $365,031. These were derived from passen gers, from freight on lolls, from freight on mer chandise, aud from the transportation of the U. S. Mail. Nem Fabric. — A wearing fabric has been patented in England, composed entirely of fur. it is described as suited to all purposes of ap parel, either for ladies or gentlemen, and as being lighter, softer, firmer and warmer than any other material ever used for clothing. Arrival of the Engineering Party,— The Pa cific Railroad Company’s boat “Pacific” arri ved at St. Louis cn the 28th nit., having on board the engineering party under the direc tion of Mr. R. Singleton. They have been during the past two months, examining the val ley of the Missouri river with reference to lo cating the Pacific Railroad. Rumors of War.— Leiters from Buenos Ayres, dated September 3d, mention that ilia city is full of rumors that a declaration of war, between Buenos Ayres and Brazil is soon to lake place. It is not possible to trace the news to any anthemic source, though the relations of the two countries are such as to render ac tive hostilities probable. On Saturday 2nd inst there was a great meeting at Geneva, New York, to sustain the Union and the Constitution It is described as one of the most respectable assemblages ever called out on any occasion. The highly respected veteran, General Joseph G. Swift, presided, assisted by twenty Vice-Presidents, from Ontario, Seneca, Yates. Wayno, and Chemung connties. A Committee of Safety, auxiliary to that of the city of N.w York, was appointed. Letters from Senator Dickinson ard others were read amid much enthusiasm, and after ..veral powerful and patriotic speech es by gentlemen prssent, the meeting adjourn ed with nine cheers for the Constitution and its defenders. The Plank Road.—The Engineers who left Atlanta a few weeks since for the purpose of making a sarvey and selecting the most fa vorable route for the proposed Plank Road be tween thia city and Dahlonega, have returned, having completed the survey. They have not vet made a formal report of the result of their labors, but we understand they concur in giv ing a most favorable view of the prospect, ma king from their examinations tbe probable cost of the road per mile, considerable less than was at first anticipated. The work of the road willcommence as soon as the necessary privi leges shall have been obtained from the various courts to which application must be made. Our citizens can now begin to congratulate upon themselves ilie|prospect of a speedy com mencement and a speedy completion of thia enterprise,which isdestinedto add so great.y lo the prosperity of Atlanta. — Atlanta Intelli gencer. F'atalCascaltt.—We learn that a lady by the name of Bloodgood was unfortunately ran over by an extra freight train coming down the State Road on Tuesday night, about twelve miles above this city. She a.tempted to cross the road before the engine, but became alarm ed and took along the track before it, and was caught and crushed, before tbe train could be stopped. We understand that the engineer saw her and reversed the steam, but was not able to stop in time to sa e the lady. No blame attaches to any one. She was yet living at the last accounts, though no hopes are en tertained of her recovery.— Atlanta Republi can, 7th inst. Steamer Exit Sunk.—We learn from the co rk of the steamer Duck River, which ar rived last evening from Alexandria, that on the 29:b n't. the steamer Exit, when descend ing Red River, a short distance above Cample, struck a snag and sunk Her cargo, couaist i,.g of seventy-eight ba'es of cotton, will be saved—the boat will, it is supposed, be a total loss.— Pic. id inst. COCNTBREBIT GOLD Coilt . Wo WOUld pul the public on their guard against receiving gold coin, without close The greatest precantion, however, on the part of any one not critically conversant with coin, would nd avail, to prevent the reception of some ten dollar pieces shown us yesterday, which were s nt te the Southwestern Rail Road BanK, where they were detected. There pieces are of 184 d. with the letter O under the eagle, to indicate the New Orleans Mint, ihe only thing we can describe as differing from a genuine piece beiore us, is that trie impres sions of the die are a little more clnmsey, and the rim and milting more raised. There is also a slight tinge of copper color on the rim, when held"to the"light The general similitude how ever to the pure coin, and being of the same weight, induces us to beueve that many of | .hem are in circulation. All Right.—Of six of the Pennsylvania Congrestmcii who voted for the fugitive slave bi!', tour of them have been re-elected by in creased majonies. The other two wereuoi candidates. Some of those who voted against it have been left at home. Seven el these who voted for the compromise bills have boea re dacted. Hurra for the ‘Old Key-atoce.ss£««, Clipper, Suffering orc auroral* Emigrant.. Thk papers received by the late arrival from California, give deplorable account, of the suffering of the overland einigranta. We sub join a few extracts, which are truly heart rend ing. A statement from Col. Waldo, whe is out with a relief expedition sent to their assis tance, says:— “From Boiling Spring to this place,”— GreatMoadow—have met with but few who have any provisions at ail except the poor ani mals which have worked from the States. Footmen who comprise nearly one fourth of the number now on the road, are not blest even with such food as this; but are reduced to the necessity of subsisting on the putrified flesh of dead animals which so abundantly line the road. This has nroduced the most fatal consequences. Di ease and death are now mowing them down by hundreds. Those emigrants that are yet back several hundred miles must receive relief, or die by starvation ; and to whom can they look, but to citizens of California for their salvation. The land of their homes is too far distant to render them any aid in this hour of diet roes and danger. Itappears that the judgments of God have pursued them from the time they set out up to the preseuthour. First Cholera—then starva tion-next, war, starvation and Cholera. The day has now passed when any one will have the hardihood to say, that there is no suffering amongst the overland immigration— at least no one that is within 200 miles of thia place will make sueh a declaration. No one new thinks es gold, but of bread. This is the cry of all. The following io an extract from a letter written by 8. B. Bright, one of the immi. grants, dated Salmon Trout Rioer, Snt. 22— Some noble fellows have already perished for want of food. Others arc eati g cattle that they have found J—kbp aha jqad aide. . which have died by the double cause—disease and starvation. The most common food used for a number of weeks has been lame and worn down cattle which, if every partieie of tallow was rendered out, would not make one candle! Others have eaten their dogs and horses I There is at the Sink of Humboldt, and also on Salmon Trout river, flour for sale at ene dollar per pound, but the people are out of money. Ido not mean to say that beggars are out of money, for this is a common ease, but those in good circumstances in the States, whose misfortunes have been brought en in various ways. Whole teams havo been lest in crossing the various deserts. The immense erowds of stock have eaten np the grass and wi'lows, and for days they have had nothing to eat, which has much retarded their speed. Money, teams and parts of teams, have been stolen by the Indians. Many emigrants have been killed by thorn. Others robbed, and even killed some of the Indians; so you see there remains no brotherly feelings on the read be tween the red men and the whites. From the best estimate of my own, and from others that daily overtake me, there must be some fifteen or twenty thousand souls yet behind, impeded by various causes, and unless name immediate relief is rendered by your great and God-like enterprise, they will either be cut off by the Indians, or perish in the snow on the East es the mountains. The Alta California of October 1 says:—A bgentloman who has already “done the state some service,” came down to this city ea Wednesday, and represented the exigencies of the case to Col. Collier, the Collector of the port, and we are rejoiced tn learn that that offi cer assumed the responsibility and stated his willingness to turn over to Gen. Smith the sum us SIOO,OOO. to be disbursed by him for the re lief of the suffering immigration, assuming the responsibility of accounting to tho Govern ment fortlie same. We regard this determina tion in the Collector as praiseworthy in the extreme and perfectly justifiable, and we hare not the slightest fear that the United States Government will ever condemn him for sueli an appropriation of the funds. Beautiful Seutiment.—The following ex tract is taken from Nott’s address to young men, It is a gem of surprising brilliancy and beauty. “1 would frowu on vice, I would favor vir tue —favor whatever would elevate, would ex alt. would adorn character, and alleviate the miseries of my species, or contribute to render the world I inhabited, like the heavens to which I looked, a place of innocence and fe licity. Though I were tc exist no longer than those ephemera that sport in the beams of the summer's morn, during that short hour. I would rather soar with the eagle, and leave the record of my flight and my fall among the stars, than to creep the gutter with the reptile, and bed my memory and my body together in the dunghill. However short my part, I would act it well, that 1 might surrender my existence without disgrace and without compunction. Fisk Cottos.—We believe Savannah ean now boast of having as fine cotton as any city Excellent Advice.—Set a value on th* smallest morsel of knowledge. Those frag ments are the dust of diamonds. It is true, as poor Richard says,there is much to be done and perhaps you are weak handod; but stick to it steadily, and you will see great effects, for a cen.taiit dropping wears a stone. A man may learn that in two minutes which may be valuable to him ail his life. Learn all you can and you will live to see its value. Never let slip an opportunity of gaining a new idea. Remember that the beginning of the sublime sciences are often so simple as to saeui worth less. Redeem time for study, the busiest man can spare some moments. Col May. U S-army, arrived at St Louis from Santa Fo on Saturday week. Snow Storm.—Saturday last th* 26th Oc tober throughout the whole day—we bad a severe snow storm. We have seldom seen, perhaps never at this season of the year, so mucn snow fall in the same tine. It did not remain en the ground any considerable time, but enough attached to the timber to produce towards evening quite a crashing among the leafy boughs. Saturday night the clouds pass er! off, and Sunday was a bright frosty day. Monday night we had a very heavy white frost, and ihe weathor is bow cool and delight ful. P. S. Since writing the above, wc have been informed by a most respectable and in telligent gentleman, who resides in the country, that the snow which fell ou Saturday,did not extend more than ten mile, round Greenville. In some parts of this county, (Greene.) as we are informed there was scarcely the slighte.t indication of snow. Verily nature occasional ly takes a freak, and does her work ent of the usual order of things! — Greenville (East Ten nessee) Kpy. The Rogersville Timos of the 31st ult., al.o mentions snow as having been seen there on the Saturday previous. Tur. Rioht Cockse A Savannah corres pondent of the Baltimore Sun says : “ I may mention none of the fruits of the slavery agitation, that a coasting schooner was launch ed in Charleston, a few days ago, which is the first of a series of vessels which are to be built in that State for the purpose of rendering her people independent of Northern shippers. A similar enterprise is now in progress in this city. A number of gentlemen here are en gaged in building a steamer for the Florida trade, all the materials of which are to be of Southern growth and manufacture. Every stick of timber, every pound of iron and arti cle of furniture, as well as the mechanics who are building it, belong to lhe South, and to this State especially. This is but the beginning es the end.” We rejoice to hear it. Go ahead. Every vessel thus built, every blow thus struck for Southern industry is werth “an army with banners.” — Mobile Adv. Playing into each other’s hands. —The Rhett organs in the South are industriously engaged in republishing tbe doings of the abo litionists and runaway negroes at the North ; and from the gusto with which they give each new demonstration from free-niggerdom, we cannot help believing that they hail it with pleasure, as giving strength to the disunionists, and their villainous plots. On tbe ether hand, the abolition presses of the North are republishing the doings of Disu nion meetings in the South, and the editorials of such papers as the Charlston Mercury, and Washington Southern Press, for the purpose of showing their readers the sentiments of the South, and how easy it will be to dissolve the Union, and thus remove the main-stay of sla very. — North Alabamian. Marriage.—Nature and Nature’s God smile propitiously upon the union that is sweetened by love and sanctioned by tbe law. The sphere of our affections is enlarged, and our pleasures take wider range. We become more important and respected among men, and existence itself is doubly enjoyed with our softer self. Misfortune loses half its anguish beneath he soothing influence ol her smiles, and triumph becomes mere triumphant when shared with her. Without her what would be nun I A roving and restless being driven at pleasure by romantic speculation and cheated into misery by futi e hopes, the mad victim of untamed passion, and the disappointed pursuer of fruitless joys. But with her he awakens to a new life. Ha follows a path wider and no bler than the narrow read to self-aggrandize ment —that is scattered with more fragrant flowers and illuminated with a clearer light. The Springfield, Mass., Republican learns that there are aoeut thirty different factories or places for making segais in Springfield ; in which one hundred and fifty men are employ ed. These men average 2000 each per week —amounting to 300,099 sugars a week ! Part of them are made ot Spanish tobacco. Steamers to Richmond.—The sum reqtiir- - yd to build two superior steamboats to ply re i between Philadelphia and Richmond, t as bsen obtained within 115,000. A company ) has been organized and the officers elected to - carry this desirable object into effect. Tbe , steamers will be commenced without delay, and completed in time lor the spring trade.
