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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 183?-1864 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 22, 1851)
2 To the People of Georgia. A few friends of education, during the past veer, published a call for a convention, to take lato consideration the great subject of common schools. To that call about sixty counties in the State responded by sending delegates, num bering about one hundred and fifty, who met in convention at Marietta, in July last. The large number of delegates, comprising so many of our most intelligent men, known to feeladeep inter act in this matter, and in all things likely to ef fect the condition of the people | also many ex perienced and practical teachers | showed the In terest that was taken in the subject by the peo ple of Georgia. Although there was not that unanimity so • much to be desired, although a great diversity of opinionsand views was enter mined and urged in the convention, yet all seem ed to have, the same great object ia view, an anxious desire to do something to excite ,ha ‘ in ' tereet among our people in the subject, w ‘lj®“t which nothing effectual can be accomplished, either by legislative enactments or much leas oy ths resolves of a convention. After much de liberation and a very full expression ofopmlon by a large majority, the convention adopted a preamble and resolutions, recommending the establishment of a system of common schools for the State of Georgia and a Bureau of Edu cation. Under a resolution of the convention, the undersigned were appointed a committee to addiess the B people of Georgia upon the subj-ct —sustaining and urging the views of tl econven tion We well may, as we sincerely do, distrust our ability to do justice to that body, much less the great subject of education—a subjeet to in timately connected with the Interest and happi ness of the people individually, and its unspeak able importance in a social and political point of view. Ths cause of education received an early attention, and a liberal patronage, from the fra mers of our governments large appropriations have been made from time to time; various systems ofeducation have been adopted, modi fied, then rejected and repealed, and the present system, but a modification of ooms others, must be abandoned, and superceded as not calculated to eflect the object intended to be accomplished— the education of the poor. We believe that there should be a new system adopted- one that can be understood and enjoyed by the whole people —that the time has arrived when the sys tem in force in other states, both free and slave bolding States—a system approved and in practi cal operation, and that too after a trial of many others, should be introduced into Georgia, by which, wholly abolishing the odious distinction of “poor scholars,” all the children of the State should be educated at common schools, to be es tablished and supported, if not wholly, mainly by the State. As the establishment of “com mon schools” involves the rejection of the pre sent “poor school system,” it may be proper to Mate,as briefly as-we can, the leading provisions of the law establishing it. The law makes it the duty of the magistrate in each district to report to the “Inferior Court” annually, the names of all the children in their respective districts deemed by them proper persons to receive a por tion of the fund set apart for the education of the poor; these returns are sent by the Inferior court to the “Executive office,” and form the basis for the distribution of the fund, which is about twenty thousand dollars. To supply the balance of the means necessary to educate the poor, the grand juriesare requested, not required, to recommend to the Inferior Court the levying of such per cent, on the State tax os they may think necessary, to educate the poor in their res pective counties. A statement of a few facts will, we think, clearly show that the above plan, adopted in 1843, is very defective, unjust in its operation, and not at all calculated to accom plish the object in view, and that it should be su perceded, or greatly modified, it the common school system should not find favor with the legislature. I n the first place, any one who will take the trouble to look into the matter, will find that the duty of the magistrates, under the law to make returnsof the poor children, isoften en tirely neglected, and that the returns which have been mado are very imperfect, not more than three fourths of the poor children are returned, and of those returned, it is ascertained from the commissioners of the poor school fund in a few of the counties, IV tie more than half are sent to school, and their average attendance not more than four months in the year. The whole number of poor children in the State may be safely estimated at from forty, to fifty thousand ; about one third oi all the chib dren in the State between the ages of six and sixteen—the whole number being by estimation something over one hundred and forty thousand. It is ascertained from the returns in the execu tive Department, that in the year 1849, thirty two thousand and nine hundred were returned. Theimperfect returns, together with the fact that little more than half of those returned are sent to school, and that their attendance is not more than four months In the year, con clusively we think, that there ia something es sentially wrong in the present system. Again, the provision of the law of 1843, authorizing, not requiring the Grand Juries to recommend, not to require, the Inferior Court to levy ruch tax as they may deem necessary to educate the poor in their respective counties, has not accom plished the intended purpose. We have conclu sive reasons for asserting that in many counties no recommendations have been made, and in some when made they have been entirely disre garded by the Courts) nor can it be expected that the Grand Juries, who are usually together only for one week, and who have so much other business requiring their attention, or that the Inferior Courts, with their many duties, ean give the subject that attention which is neces sary in order to form a correct conclusion what amount of tax would be nececssary, and which would be agreeable to the people. We have as certained from the proper record in the “ Execu tive Office,” that in the year 1849, thirty two counties made no returns of their poor children, and in 1860, fifteen counties made no return. Can it forone moment be believed that the people in these counties were taxed, or that their poor children received the benefit of this provis ion, when the Magistrates and Judges of the Courts did not feel sufficient interest, in the matter to take the necessary steps in order to get their share of the *2o,ooo,—the State fund for the education of the poor? The law provides s that counties making no .t—u —c»| va >v. the educational., fund agreeably to th* last' "return on record, and even with this ptoyision, eight counties In 1850, received nothing, I never having made a return. But another objection to this plan, and which we think is fatal to its continuance, la its gross injustice torthe poorer counties, where there is the greatest number of poor children, and the least ability, to bear taxation. It iedeemed un necessary to argue this point—an example will illustrate it conclusively. The counties of Newton andJasperpay into the treasury as State tax eight thousand nine hundred and ten d Hare, end return eeven hun dred and twenty poor children ; whilst the coun ties of Union and Gi tner, wttieh pay fifteen hun dred and ninety four dollars of Slate tax, re turn two thousand eight hundred and eighty four poor children. Thue in the two counties where comparatively little ia wanted there is much ability to bear taxation, and In the other two where much is wanted, the people are una ble to bear the tax necessary to educate their children. All must see the Injustice of such a plan. The children of Union and Gilmer, and I all counties similarly situated, must grow up In ignorance or the people be ruined by taxation. Thus we believe that we have demonatrated that the present system has not and cannot an swer the objects of general education or the edu cation of the poor, and that it eheuld be superce ded by another. We believe that Georgia should profit by the experience oi other States—the experience argument le worth all otbera In thia matter —and adopt at once the system of com mon Schools,” diacountenaclng tha «wwue dis tinction ot poor children, which has kept so many at home and in ignorance, and adopting the name of “common school’’ for all the chil dren of the State. This was the opinion of the convention, in which the committee fully con cur. The recommendation of the convention that there should be establiiahed a" Bureau of Edu cation,” is directly connected with this matter. The committee deem thia indispeneible In giv ing life and force to any law upon the subject. At the bead of this department should be placed a superintendent, whose duty It will be to re ceive all returns and all communications connect ed with education in the entire State. Ho will be the head or Executive under the law to au |>orintend the whole subject and to carry out the He will annually report to the legislature the working and progresa of the system, euggestlaj such defects and alteration as his experience an< high qualifications will enable him to detect. It will be his duty personally to visit the different school districts, and to consult the select men in each, in order to ascertain the want of the differ ent counties, and the adaptation of the system to such aa may bo peculiarly aituated on account of the aparaenesa of population. The superin tendent Is an important and indispensible officer in every well regulated system of common schools knows to the committee. Wo have stated that the Convention was not unanimous in its recommendations. Some be lieved thst the present plsn was the best; we think we have shown, nomstter what may bo the objections to the “ common school system,” thatlhe system now in force in Georgia, does not, and has not, answered tho wants of the country. Some of the friends of the proposed system doubted its practicability, on account o the inherent difference in the character of the people of Georgia and those of the States le which the system is in vogue, and that slavery and the sparseness of our popalstion would in terfero with its successful operation. We moe' bo allowed to spurn the Insinuation thst the som of the Cavaliers are not as cspablo of spprecla ting sod sustaining any great and good cause st the descendsnta ot the Puritans. Neither dost slavery nor sparseness of population constitute objections to the system. Kentucky and Ten nessee, hsve good common school systems, and we infer that Louisiana has, from the fact that a very distinguished gentleman hss recently been chosen superintendent of her ech. ole, and they are elave Slates. To moot the difficulty of sparse population, there is tn every good system a power of ex tonetoa or oxpanaton. In the State of Maine, (which has long bad one of the beet systems of “ common schools.”' some of the counties, from the oparceneas of their population, have not yet received the full benonts of the system, but it is extended to them as they become fit ted for its operation. And in Wisconsin, just settling, the common school syatem was adopt ed. before the forma'um of her constitution, preparatory to her aomutsTon into tbo Union. A portion of the State of Teuoesoeo has boon only a few years organised, poor and thinly Milled, and yet her system was adopted as far bach as the year 1830. It may bo that the spvrsely settled portions of the Slate would not receive as much immediate benefit from the system, as those ia which the pepula tsoa is more dewse, bat wo would ask if it would not bo groat folly to defer the adoption el the syetsm. because all portions of the State an net ready-are not ia a situation to re ceive «q«al benefits from its provisions. Such , of r *“ oaio l involves the rejoctionof ail those laws passed for the publie welfare.— wo *‘ l •* ull." of moL .V-***!” “ ,ir • cho ° l Wh7r. ■■ ■P ,r " ,| r Milled daetnets, where the children are scattered the sapenetoadent and Mlectmee eonld have them taught from one to two or three month. .. the different sections of ths district. u g the ' n by accommodate all The supposed diScehy in prooaring teachers is made an objecix a the eotabi shaaent of this eyetow. Thia io s mat ter to which too much importance cannot be Mtaebcd revolving the number that will bo von-, te echos t for good schools will secats ba atteo daase of thousands over the present schco’s —it ia paramount to othereeasideration if those to wham the whole people of the •rate are to entrust the training and inatrne Mu of their children, be net qualified at I. art for the instruction in all the branches usually taught ru public scAoola, any system of educe, tree would be a lailoro. Mon of aufieaeatat taniaaouts to 'each tho children road.-eg, wr, lug and arithmetic with geograohy, can t>, scu lp obtained—bat they should be ot the Mme men of undoubted moral character m that the yontho of tbo country, at the ansae that their beads are enlightened with knowledge, may be trained to virtue, prepared | in their hearts aud heads to be useful to the State, and their fellow men, and to know ; that within their own breasts are all the foun ta nsof Happiness—fed by the spring cf intel- | ligence and virtue. But what are the resources of the State, in regard to this matter. We as sert without boasting, that t®i no State tn the Union are the higher «nd mtddltng classes bet- , ter educated than they are tn the State of this day- Besides our “ State Uni vnraitv ” now realising the fondest hopes of its founders sad friends, wo have a college under 1 the «upa» in, * ndaDC ’ of aach ofthe three great religious denominations in the State, all of them bolding out liberal offers to such young men as are not able without assistance to ob tain an education, sending out annually hun dreds of young men to ba blessings to society, who, though taught in religious denomination al institutions, are not made bigots—are re quired to sign no articles of faith, but are in structed in the great fundamental principles of religion, common to all Christians. Hundreds of young men aro annually educated in Go n gis, qualified to enter our academies and com mon schools as teachers, and who would have failed in obtaining an education without the establishment of our denominational colleges. ■ They well deserve the patronage of an en lightened people. Besides, wo bave “ High I Schools” in nearly every section, under able and efficient teachers, and the Slate is check ered with county academies, the larger por tion of which are well patronixed and ably conducted. Wo cannot doubt but that from these vari oas sources a largo number of teachers (edu cated hero among us.) which is sn important consideration, might bo obtained, particularly in the now crowded condition of what are termed the “ learned professions.” And then there ere our many “female colleges” with their fifteen hundred students, if proper in ducements are held out, hundreds of excellent teachers may bo found among them. Although we have mentioned this great leaource last, it is by no moans the least —no —what a wonder fol moral and intellectual change must follow the education of our daughters—the fu nre mothers of the country, the radiant cen'res of social circles. What now lights to happiness, to intelligence and virtue, will break uponour State. The present sentiments, the highest ra tional enjoyments, and all the great wells of hu man bliss, are alone te bo found in the family circle, where modest, virtuous, pious and intel ligent wossan presides—nor children grown net up in ignorance, but contented al home, ' they experience intellectual enjoyments, which, : even poverty esnnot invade nor take away.— The moot approved plan of procuring quali fied teachers, is the “normal schools.” We hardly think that it will be indispensably ne cessary te resort to them, seeing that we have such groat resources for a duo supply; we will simply sngges that our Colleges can be need as subslilutes for such schools, by estab lishing in each a department for the education of teachers. It eannot be urged as an oojec ' tion to this system, that it will interfere with ’ our icademies and colleges, for they will work ’ well together, the oomman schools serving as feeders to them, and they, in their turn, furn i isbing the necessary teachers, thus making their advantages and obligations, equal and re ciprocal. Ths failure of the law of 1837, pur i porting to establish common schools, eannot i tn truth bo urged as an objee ion to their es j tablishment now. For the law reported at that , limo Io the Legislators, was never adopted nn ’ til it was so modified and so many of i s essen tial provisions stricken out, that the friends , and framers of the original bill had no confi donee in its usefulness, and the law of ’3B I gave ns a new system, allowing no lime to test even the bill as passed in 1837, relative to common school,. And besides, the condition _ r /te • • ti_ ■ ■ of Georgia has materially changed since that time ; her population has become more dense; horresoureos are vastly more ample, and theie ia so much more interest felt in the subjee of general education. But the question is asked in objection, where are ths means, and how are they to be obtained ! This matter was very properly referred by the Convention to the Legi-lature, for on their wisdom and liberality every thing at last depends. We would however respect felly offer a few remarks on this subject. In most of the States there is a permanent school fund the interest of which only is ex pended annually; generally thio fund is insufficient, and the balance is rais ed either by a state tax for that purpose, or by requiring each town or county to raise a certain amount to entitle them to their dis tributive share of the education fund of the State. In tbe State of Connecticut the fund set apart yields an amount sufficient to meet all the wants of education. In Maine and Now Hampshire, where they have no permanent fund, the necessary amount is raised annually by taxation upon the whole State, which is evi dently the most equitable plan.—Be not alarm ed at the idea of taxation, for we assort that there is scarcely a county in the State, in which there ia not more money expended at this >imo, than would be required to sustain within its limits, the sebool system which we are recommending. The State of Georgia, by her legislature, at different periodo, has appro priated, as an educational fund, (exclusire of specific appropriations to different coun ties) more than one million of dollars in Bank stock—including one third of the surplus rev enue received from the treasury of the United Sistas, which was throe hundred and fifty thousand three hundred and thirty throe dol lars. Ofallthis vast amount, in 1843, there remain - sd only $202,000 in Bank Stock, which at this Ums constitutes the Htsia edOCauenat fund. The interest upon which, about >20,000, is distributed through the State for the benefit of the poor children. Ao far back as 1836, forty thousand dollars were annually distributed for this purpose. It is very pertinent to the sub joetthatwo enquire what has become of these liberal appropriations. Except the loss by the "Darien Bank," the whole amount, "sur plus revenue," and all, has been expended in constructing the Western and Atluntic Rad Road. So that is evident, that ia stiict justice, the cause of education baa a loin upon the State Road, and should the State determine to sell it or any part thereof, the amount of the sale, after discharging her liabilities, should be made a permanent school fund. We are far from recommending that policy—an opinion upon that enbjoot ia not within our duly. But wo will cay that when that great wotk, of which the Stats may well be proud, is perfect ed, and all the connections are completed, un der good management, it will yield a net rev onae ample and sufficient to sustain a "system of common schools ” as perfect and efficient as ean be found in the Union. The plan of educating all fbe children of proper ago, al common schools, free of charge, / must commend itself to all elaaaes; bat most > especially, le thoso who cannot spare both the r labor of their children, and the money neces sary for their instruction. The larger portion of the children of the State, besides the advau lag** of education, bavo money and family in fiaaaeo to raise them to distinction among their follows. The only chance for the poor boy io to educate him, and ho may rise to dis tinotion by hie intelligence and worth. The many distinguiiheo instances of thia fact can not have failed to attract your attention; and every reflecting poor man must feel that his sons may bo distinguished, if they are educa ■ ted, intelligent and virtuous. Far be it from I us to excite the envy or ths prejudice of the • poor against tho rieh; wo would rather extin guieh IhoM hateful footings, for by educating the poor—by increasing their intelligence, and , improving their condition, wo would remove all temptation to tho exoreiM of ouch feelings. In this very short and plain address, only teaching tho important points of tho subject, we think wo have clearly shown that the edu cation of tbo children of the State, is ehame : fully neglected, and csnseqsently, that there is I a groat necessity of some action by the legis lature that may wipeout the reproach. Wo may safely estimate the number of the children in the Stale net attending school, st from twenty five te thirty thouMnd, and this esti mate is not confined te tbo poor, for there are thousands of children whow parents are able to pay for their instruction, who never enter a school bouse. Education to be universal must be free. Fellow Citisens. wo bavo but imperfectly , performed the duty impoeod by the Conven tion, but this great subject wifi be up before youagain,wbsn wo hope more light will be »f thrown upon it. The Judges of the Supreme is Court were appointed a committee to draft a n bill to be praMnied to the next Legislature ■y the wisdom of tbo Mloetion you cannot doubt. >• A mere competent committee could not be se •' looted; end from their high character and ele ' rated position, from their acquaintance with £ the wants of the State and tho deep interest (i which they take ia thiesubject, and the gener ic al welfare of tho people—we anticipate that i- their action in thio matter will command, as it d will dosorvo, the respect, attention and oonsid it oration of the Legislature, and of the people of n Georgia. f Year State is called tho model—the *■ Em pire State of the South ’’—and when we look • at her long lino of Kail Reade, her Colleges and Seminaries, and her busy Factories, wo ’ f feel with pridefthat she has oarnod and deserves tho appellation—but our pride io humbled ’ whoa wo reflect how many of her children are growing up in ignorance. Wo greatly tear ’ the number b increasing. Should vou not than arouse and demand of vour legislators action upon this matter f Ask of them, how is thio f Do not bo put of with the paltry ex ’ cuso that tho means are waatmg. A people , poMsssmg three hundred millions of taxable I property cannot leek tbo moass o aoeompiish I **7 F M < undertaking. And if you are tn sa ver of action oa thio groat subject (and we hope and fool that you are) we My to yon in conclusion, profit by the experience of the wwest and boot informed individuals and the Legislatures of wore than two thirds of tbo States—and establish "common schools.” Under this system, education io moro general and uioful. Ifyou desire that the youih of the country shall bo prepared te take their places ia society, tho future Legislators of the coun try, and if you bobovo that the wisdom of our laws and their faithful execution, the blMsmgs ••cured by well regulated government, the greatness of our country and tbo permanency of our institutions, depend upon the iatelli gooce and virtue of tho people, establish " Common Sohoois.” Every consideration of pubie policy and benevolence, a proper regard for the bappmow el our people, the honor end the greataow of tho Slate, require the , abolivhmg every odious distineiien, we should Mueate all ear obi droo Yoe have lbs right * the iegbieture, and wo de- ** •' in behalf of the children of tho ’“••• Davin A. Kszsa. Alosso Cuvneu. G sonea F. Puses, The brig Arcuj, (of CUriw-oo) Capt. Kite. *mr * f'*M i*• Chariseton vith I dnTtet f *■* P°» 7-<«- weather. Tbo brig 1 XjLju W j&JbtLJL X CHRONICLE & SENTINEL BY WILLIAM S. JONES. TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM, INVARIABLY IN ADVAKCZ. DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY* WEEKLY. Officein Railroad Bank Buildingt. DAILY PAPER .perannum (rentbr mall,) SV 00 TRIWEEKLY “ “ < « WEEKLY PAPER " AUGUSTA, GA.; WEDNESDAY MORNING,-... OCT. 23. SAMUEL BARNETT, Associate Editor The Relation of Georgia to National Parties. Nxituxr party in Georgia so much as pro fesses now to be part of either of the two [great parties which have hitherto divided the nation. To explain and vindicate the attitude to wards national parties which the Constitutional Union party has assumed, is our present object. This attituda will be found, express ed tn the language of the Convention itself, in another column. It will be seen, that the Constitutional Union party express their readiness “to extend the right hand of fellow ship to the patriots of all parts of the Union, and of all political parties who agree with us upon these fundamental principles,” (the principles set forth by the Georgia Conven tion, of 1850,) and to assist in securing their supremacy “throughout the whole extent of the Republic.” Tho above language, it will be seen, doos not commit the Union party to either of the national parties. It does not commit it agaitut either. The course of the party in relation to national organizations, is clear and open. If either national organization is based upon the principles set forth in the Georgia Plat form, the Union party can and will give it a hearty support. In order to exhaust the sup positions possible to be made in relation to national parties, if both national parties should affirm those principles, then the organization of the Union party would have subserved its purpose, and be no longer necessary. On the remaining supposition, if neither affirms those principles, the Union party is distinctly pledged to hold itself aloof from both. Georgia will not be satisfied with a silent candidate for the Presidency, or with a nation al organization silent on the point of adher ence to the Compromise. Either national organization to secure the eo-operation of the Union parly must epeak upon this point. Itwasnotm.de by the Georgia Convemion in a spirit of bravado. It was regarded as necessary to the preservation and the vales of the Union. It contains principles she will not compromise, and on the possibility of maintaining which, depends the possibility of maintaining the Union. Georgia accepted the Compromise as "a permanent adjustment of ibis sectional con troversy." The great principles on wl.ich it wee founded, and which secured her assent to it, were to be found not merely in the acts done by Congress, but in the acts refused to be done. In addition to the mature conside ration of the acta passed by Congress, she considered, "as connected with them, the rejec. tion of propositions to exclude slavery from the Mexican Territories, and to abolish it in the District of Columbia.” Some of the principles set forth in the 4th resolution, to wit: Ist. Opposition to certain action in the District of Columbia, &a. 2d. Or to any refusal to admit a State be cause of its toleration of slavery. 31. Or to slavery prohibition in the Terri tories. 4th. Or to any material modification of the Fugitive Slave Law, were considered as decided by the Compromise. The last Congress did refuse to abolish slavery in the District—did incorporate in the Territorial bills, a provision recognizing their right to come in, with or without slavery—did refuse to prohibit slavery in the Territories— and did pass the Fugitive Slave Law, with its present degree of efficiency. The principles involved in this action, and in this refusal to aet, are embraced in the Compromise, which Compromise must be avowed by any national party organisation, to secure the support of the Union party of Georgia. In relation to the suppression of the Slave Tbado between the States—the remaining point in the fourth resolution—it was not em braced among the matters settled by the lata Compromise. The position of Georgia is decided and unequivocal upon it. The points actually settled, are those contained in the Com promise—directly or negatively passed upon. On adherence to this as a permanent settle ment, the Union parly of Georgia does require tests. The platform of the Constitutional Union party was not less firm and decided io the stand it assumed for Southern Rights, than in that it took for the Union. Its action will not be leas decided than its words. The senseless charges of consolidation—of the surrender of Slate rightsand Southern rights—will be bran ded with apparent falsehood, and the party vindicated by its conduct from all aspersions upon its candor and good faith, in setting forth its claims from the Federal Government. I Bo much for the actual course which Geor gia, in order to be consistent with her avowed faith, must and will pursue. In vindication oi the policy thus determined on, nothing, it would seem at first sight, need be said to ike doslA. We look, however, for virulent attacks upon it from certain quarters. We shall just now, however, remain silent as to any objections coming from the South, and mention only such arguments as are calenlated I to meet objections at the North. 1 The determination of the body of men who i composed the Georgia Convention, to cut loose , from national parlies, was not a sudden, on ■ considered whim, but a movement founded I upon long sighted policy. The founders of the Constitutional Union party were the bond ers of the Georgia Platform. The very body of men who represented the State in Convention, with unexampled una nimity, resolved to form a party upon tho i principles set forth in that platform. The wisdom of their decision in relation to the i then pending question was not greater than that displayed io the bold and firm attitude as anmed in relation to the national aspect of the 1 question, as it would ultimately rise before the country for a national solution. The policy determined on is capable of being maintained as correct in principle, sagacious and proper in practice, as well before the entire country as before the opposing party in the State. Fanaticism at the North took body in the r—-1- 51..11.: _ 1•. b form of an Abolition or a Free .-soil party, a Distinct in some respects. Abolition and free - aoil were but phases of lhe same fanatical op l - position to slavery. The Free Soil party >n eluded the Abolition party, which formed its h extreme wing. 1 Thia party was a mere parasite, gathering its ' nutriment from the great National Whig and l Democratic parlies. It soon, however, attain ed the dignity of a third estate in the country, f ard holding the balance of power between the other parties, received lhe addresies of boih. ’ The Whig party, as the resalt, has been oor , rnpted to agreater extent than the Democratic, s but neither is sound. [ The effect of the policy ol Georgia—which lia the true policy of the Sooth—is to compel r one party or the other to purge itself of the ‘ aoolition element—or to compel a re-orgsniza lion into two parties, one of which shall con tain the sound material of both the present i parlies. There is no other mode in which a ' balance-of-power party can be overthrown. Its whole etrengrh consists in the power to shill between twoorganixaiions which make no national teats against it—but whose local organ izations pander to its tastes to get iu aid. Make national tests on slavery, and free soi] dies. Its nutriment is gone Let these tests be such as the Union party proposes—truly national and catholic—asking only what the united voice of the South will demand, and what no just man at the North can refuse—and the monster, free soil, will perish—or tho sol emn question referred to by the Georgia Con. vention, whether ‘-law is potent for lhe protec tion of right, clearly defined and solemnly guarantied by a written censtitntion I" win have been decided in the negative, and “the szyertsuni (of free government,) have failtd.” We do noteonaider the policy of tho Union party simply the best—bat the o r.lg policy which can eradicate the poison of Free Soilism from our political system. It is to compel both par ties te repudiate it—or one to swallow it. No longer lot it be a third estate, but draw jaars which will throw it into one or theother of the National parties, if h cannot be expelled from both. When dearly incorporated into one party organization, the united South, and the sound portion of ’he North will incorporate tbamMlvjs with the other. If this combination cannot conquer it, then abolitionism is strong er than toe Union. But it can and will central it. ] South Carolina Election. From the returns received, it is quite p oba ble the secessionists hive been defeated in every Congressional District in the Stete. In Charleston tho majority was 1,436, and that the State has gone overwhelmingly against the wild and visionary schemes of the malcon tents. there can be no doubt. Hence secession has found a grave, even in South Carolira, the land of its birth, and among a people who huz zaed most lustily for the rickety, crazy bantling during its brief existence. Peace to it, and we might add to the perturbed spirits, who, in the msdness of folly, have attempted to seduce an intelligent people into its support, but we perceive by the Charleston Mercury of yeoter day, that it proposes in the face of this defeat to renew agi'ation, and insists that “thio election was practically of no moment, and decides nothing, as it was notorious, the Congress would never meet I” Then why enter tho lists in the canvass ? If nothing was to be de cided, why all the fuse and parade prior to the election T But the Southern ultraists, like the Northern fanatics, can only live by agitation— it is their vocation, and a sagacious people will not be long in detecting them, or placing upon them the seal of their condemnation. Tho hand writing ia already on the wall, and the agitators themselves will, ere long, .be forced to read it and pronounce their own irrevocable fate. Negro Mechanics. A counter view of tho questions involved in determining tho expediency of any legisla tion against Negro mechanics, would require the inquirer to go below the ourfaco, and have come insight into political economy. Political economy, which is but the application of en larged common sense, rectified by experience, to the mode of dealing with National wealth, and promoting National prosperity, teaches that the effects of a given change often reach vastly farther than would be anticipated. The effect, for example, of labor-saving machinery is not to diminish, but frequently vastly to en'arge, the amount of labor of the particular sort it expedites. This results in part from tho diminution of price and consequent enlarge ment of consumption. A familiar example has been often quoted illustrating the princi ple. Before tho invention of printing, seve ral hundtods, say some thousands of manu script writers made their living by their pens. The printing press was invented. Their occupat'on was gone. But now many thou sands, nay, lens and hundreds of thousands of man are engaged in the work of printieg— making type —making paper—making presses —b nding books and various other collateral I works. The number of men engeged in p me-oly directing newspapers from the offices of publication to subscribers, io probably great er than tho entire number of copyists, prior i to the change. Au impulse was given to a half dozen other occupations—or rather, as I many new ones became necessary. Now the r supply is vastly enhanced. Every one has ' books and papers. The alteration has been not more favorable to the wor'd at large, than to the cluses who labor to gratify the tastes of the world. A like difference may obtain in many other matters between anticipated and actual results. One efleet of the prohibition of Negro me chanics would probably bo the introduction of vastly more foreign labor. The effect of this might be to keep dowa prices te the present level, by the competition of a elaas of per sons accustomed te an inferior mode of liv ing. If, indeed, the effect would bo to elevate the price of articles manufactured, the legis lation would oporate injustice upon the par ties who purckuo and consume rush articles. Or if the legislation extended to the protoe'ion of all classes, there would exist a mere tension —a legislative restrietion—burdening all class es and benefitting none. If Negro labor employed in manufactures enlarges the product, or the quality of the work, or dimin ishes its price, then is it nr just to the rest of the community to deprive them of the bene fits thence accruing, nnleu some compensat ing advantage io given. If thio be given, it is not at the expense of themselves, but of the protected clue. Thon, the protection is counterbalanced by an equivalent disadran i tage, and government has interfered without i benefit to any one. We are much in favor of non-intervention in moot matters on the part of government. Its sphere is, and ought to I be, as limited as possible. The exclusion of Negro labor certainly abstracts the mechanic's cb.ef chance to rias in wealth, which is by the purchase of Negroes ’ ana teaeningvMui wwaue. rsttiiik. by which the vast majority of such as attain i wealth have arrived at it. False ideas are entertained by many as to what is ea'led a degrading association with Negroes. There is no degradation whatever, in doing the like labor with a slave, no more than there is degradation in eating because slaves eat, or in wearing clothes boos use slaves wear them. True degradation would consist in selecting them as companions. No one considers kis wife degraded by sitting at her sewing in the same room with her Negro seamstresses. Many a former—and a wealthy one too —has his son spend a part of his vacations in the field, at work with his bands. Honest labor io incapable of degradation. Wo have reason to believe that higher orders of intelligences than our race do not spend their time in idleness and vacuity. Any legislative restrietion cannot bo bene ficial te white mechanics, without being nnjust as well te slave owners as te the consumers of if manufactured articles. Indeed, it might be it injurious neither to white mechanics nor to * tho consumer, and yet prejudicial to the slave 1 owner. If the mechanical tradae were not » profitable, slaves wonld not be employed at * thorn. There are ohoeka against the oxeeoeivo 1 employment of slave labor to be found in tho 1 apprenticeship necessary to bo served (during a time of life, at which, the slave would be o profitable) and in tho inferior intelligence and e aptnesa of tho slave. These cheeks have been i_ furnished by nature. If legislation interferes, j snd the principle of interference is once f established, we see no necessary limit in the - principle, short of banishing slave lebor alto gether. If there be degradation in wielding a e hammer, because slaves wield hammers, we cannot see why there should be such a diffe- I” • a rence between a hammer and an axe, or a hoe, a as to do away with the degradation. The a truth is, that if the laboring in a like way be a R degradation, then lhe feet that the white man labors at all as wsll as the Negro, is degrading , to the former. There is no limit except tho B entire abolition of tho one or the other. Ne y gro labor would, therefore, hare to be abolish j ed entirely, byway of dignifying white labor, r or the latter be done away with, to avoid tho * contamination of slave labor. Tho principle is wrong, and tho degrada tion exists only in the ease <we bavo already ’ stated, of the choice of negroes as comp anions. ’ As *o the danger of insurrections, one of tho arguments against allowing negroes Io learn trades, the is a danger shared by all elaases, * and which will, when it becomes al all consid erable, attract general attention, and give rise * to the application of some preventive. There 1 is no peculiar cause for alarm oa this subject *- —1 al the preaaat lima, so far a* we are informed. On the whole, we should regard any legis- * lation restrictive of the right* of slaveholders, uanaoeaeary to others, and iajnrioue to them. It could net benefit Meeh ante* a aloe* by in- • jaring others; and we do not believe that it would benefit tk»m. We believe it would ba an unwise and untimely movement of govern ment. Wa ny thia, not with the smallest feel ing against meehaniea. We believe we are advocating their true interact. No movement on their part » neooeeary to make na believe labor ae reepeetabla, and honorable na it is useful. The plan of associating themselves in club* or Mcietiee might prove a neefol anx iliary in the faciliUM it will afford for the ex change of information. We have eimply de signed a discussion es the effects of legislation, not npon the interests es mschemes only, but upon those of all classes interested The question of policy baa been briefly dwcassod, witboat any imputation npon the motive of those who advocate a change and restriction of onr present policy. Missmtrri.—The Secessionists, as our readers are aware, wore completely rented in the late election in Mississippi for members of the Bute Convention. Tbe Tieltebnrg IFJig says all the return* are now in, and it is ascer tained that the Union mon have elected 83 members, and the Secessionists 17. This is surely majority enough to settle the matter. Tua Kossvvu Peso.—The Mayor of Now York received on Tuesday a telagrahic dis patch f-om Cincinnati, informing him that J. 3 mead. Esq., es that city had contributed fl. 000 to the Kossuth Fund. Professor Ander' eon was Is have given a performance last night, at Tripier's Hall, the entire proceeds of which are to be devoted to the same purpose. Srnacvsx Oct. 14.—1 n obedience tn orders issued by tbe Federal Government, warrants pave been gotten out against Mme of the most hromioeat eumens of this place, for alleged participation in thq recent rescue of a fugitive slave. Ax election took place throughout South 1 Caroline on Monday and Tuerday, for dele- ■ gates tea “Southern Congress”—it should be called a South Carolina Congreee, as no other Stete hes thought of sending a represertation, or at least mado any move toward it. In Charleston the largest vote ever given in the city was polled, and It is conceded on al henli that the Secessionists are beaten horse, foot and draggoons The Standard claims a thousand majority for the Co-operation party. The Mercury thus chronicles the result: “ Tua Etiorion.—Wo publish below such of the returns of the election as bave reached us. It will be perceived by the table of the city election that the vote ie the largest ever polls 1. The result, although not officially known, Is sufficiently well ascertained Tbs Co-operationists have given to their ticket a large majority, and though it will bo diminished by the Parishes, it cannot be overcome. This result causes os no surprise, and it will cause none in the State al large. The indications were too distinct, that the controlling interests of trade bed thrown tbeir de cisive power against the separate action of the Slate, to allow any experienced politician much room to hope that, lor the present, Charleston could be brought to sustain that messore. We profoundly regret this result, because we are convinced that with the State, united the act of secession would bo as simple and peaceful a measure in execution as any ordinary measure of legir lotion ; and wears equally convinced that South Carolina, aa an inde pendent State would have a prosperity far beyond any thing eha hie heretofore enjoyed, and a respec tability that no slaveholding State eln •’ er *B* in 1 enjoy in the Union.” We have little doubt that the co -operation party have carried the State by a decided ma jority; if so, it puts a quietus to Secession till the malcontents of that State ahall trump up 1 some other imaginary cause for the exercise of this sovereign panacea. 1 A few days will give ■■ the complete re- * turns. The A<vlenltwi «l Fate. Wx take pleasure in calling the atten'ion of ’ the public to the advertisement of the Georgia ’ Railroad, proposing to transport passengers to ' tho Agricultural Fair at aeon, and to express ’ the hope that a large nqgibor of the planters will avail themselves of bhe opportunity to be prevent. ’ These Fairs aro among tho meet efficient r means for developing tho resources of our * groat and growing'.Stato, and ne trie Georgian who feels a just pride in the rapid progress which tho Stete is making in her onward march te greatness, should fail to give them hie earn- h oct and nealons support. This is emphatically the ago of progress and '* improvement in Agriculture, Msehaniee, the r Arts and Seienees, and these planters who ne l " gleet or emit to avail themselves of the benefit which these exhibitions are so well calculated, and will so certainly confer, will as certainly bo * left behind tn the race. Go, then, all of you, d and improve yourselves by learning from one “ another. t . Advaxoixo tbx Paicx or Cottox.— Some r of the Southern papers are discussing and a recommending a scheme for enhancing the , valueof cotton. The plan is to form a eom- B pauy, with a capital of >20,000,000, to re ( eeive all the cotton produced in the United n States and sell it, guaranteeing to the owner Q eleven cents a pound, and withholding it from . I . I_ _ A MM* LmMKM MM A a * -11 l —— A L. M. ** M. Al* aS f the market whenever it will not bring that price. The Southern Fresa comments thus r upon the scheme : The project is utterly visionary and imprsetiea ■ ble. Tbs attempt would break any aueb company, If it could be formed, and would ultima cly injure - the price of cotton instead of advancing it. The produeiion of cotton is like that of every 1 thiug else. It ia, or will be, limi ed by the com t penfation it pays for ibo capital and skill invested. And no device has ever yet been found to secure a definite profit to any business. It would be as wire to attempt to rog-ilsla the seasons, and to insure , agaiaal tbs army woim, rainy weather, and early frosts. There is a prevalent but mistaken notion, that the • prise of cotton is regulated ia England by the bank, manufactories, or speculators. The thing is impossi ble. The price is regulated by the demand for the 1 manufactured tsbric all over the world. And such I is the extent of that demand, and ot the fluctuations which result from the vieisailodes of nations, that the j rice of cotton is jibe very thing that no power r can regulate. > Such ia the extant, utility and necessity ot co'ton clothing, lhat the increased demand far cotton is almost the measure of the natural increase and ' progressive civilisation of the world. And neither is quite so rapid as the natural inarease of slaves. As lor cotton lands, they are yet sufisisnlly abun dant to warrant a supply of cotton equal to the pr> I bable continuance of modern civilization. > We are astonished to find ao much practical i good sense in the Southern Press t Cowon MancrACTVsxs Dxcasasiao.—The f following is the number of bales of Cotton manufac tured par annum in the South: 1 To September, 1849 UOOOObales. , To September, 1850, •* 107,000 bales* To September, 1851, ....• 60,000 bales. Thia is a deplorable result. But it has decreased in r the North toe: For the year IBlfl-’SO. 487,000 bales. 1 For the year 186C-'sl 404 000 bales. I The increase of cotton exported t-> foreign coon , .trioa.Avar Jaat year, is estimated at 398,555 bales. This is not tMbgbnK «a<v»aee. «r. u . prosfuwUy -z 1 cot tan manufacture tn thio United States. —Alabama paper. t Wa presame the States of North Carolina, | Virginia and Maryland are included in the above estimate. Otherwise we are satisfied i the statistics are not reliable, for we feel con , fident that the Cotton growing States are now , manufacturing more Cotton than at any for- I mor period. The number of Factories are , greater than oner before, (and rapidly increaa t ing) end we think, generally, they have kept , their machinery employed, notwithstanding the high prices of Cotton. So far, therefore, , as the Cotton growing S.ates are concerned, there has not, in our opinion, been any dirninu , tion, but an actual increase of the quantity of , Co ton mtnufaetured during the past year. I Thio is as it should bs. Lot our planters invest the surplus of a single crop of cotton in machinery for the manufacture of cotton into ( yarns and cloths, instead of purchasing mere f land and negroes to make more cotton, and tho North would very soon bo taught a lesion , she would notseon forget, and instead of med , filing in our domestic affairs, would learn to t attend to her own businsM. I There io no reason why the South should , not spin her own Cotton and export the , yarns and sloths, thus resping all the bene fits of the manufacture. Indeed there is every , reason connected with her own interest and i lhe prosperity of her people, why she should , do so; and the sooner she commences the work the better. South Carolina KleeliM. The returns es the late election ia South Careliaa for delegates to tho Southern Con. gross are very near eomploto, and show that ia ' a vote of apwexdsof 40,000 the Co-operation majority ia 8.C76. This result briap fresh le our reoolloetion the prophetic spirit exhibited by tho disunion organs in Georgia during tho recent eanvaM, when with a view to help their oinking for tunes, they Mught to eateh a few erodalous vetoraby parauading them, “if Coss was elec ted ia Georgia, South Carolina would imme" diatoly secede !” What now will bo thought of the prophets and their prediction I Cobb has boon si soled by over 18,000 majority—tho news was sprsad throughoat South Carol iaa, and le I that State has repudiated Seceasion and the •oeossioa ists by over 8,000 vetos I Indeed tho Soeessientat, have only carried a singleeengrswioal district ia tho State. What a triumph es liberty, the eenstitetien aad tho Union I DsraLoariOM.—The Nashville Sansar Os the 18th ia»t cays; Having heard ia the Mme rumor of a defalcation by the Teller in the Bank of TonneoMe, wo have made inquiry into the matter, and learn the faas to bo, that a the quarterly examination at tho Bank, on bo let of Oatobor. the each aeeount of Mr. t Ruin, tho Toller, was found to bo short be wis* mvsu and eight thousand dollars, end that npon farther invoetigatien, sundry errors or omissions of entry wore discovered, by , which tbe amount will bo ran up to some t twelve or fifteen thousand dollars. Tho Bank will saotain no loos—his securities , being amply able to repay largely more than , tho amount. He has convoyed to his securi ties his whole property, indemnifying them as far M it will go. Wo have loaned these facts with deep re gret. Wo have ftlt for Mr. Rsiu much per sona! respect; wo sympathise with his largo and helpless family. Having been Teller of tbe Bank from its commencement, and enjoy ' od a high reputation as a business man, wo cannot bat regret that ho eboald, at an ad vanced period in life, become so Mriously in volved. Tan Gnxav Exhisitios. —The editor of the Now York Tribune, who Mrved on one es the Juries of tho Groat Industrial Exhibition in London, has published a notice of tho Prizes awarded, so far as they Mme within his knowl edge. ThoM prises were es two kinds, tho Jury Medals, awarded by tho juries to the MV ernl articles es merit exhibited is their Mveral classes, aad the Council Medals, given by the Council es Preeidentu es the juries. Os tbe latter there wore to be in all but ICT, which wore to bo distributed among the Mveral na lions, thus: To Groat Britain 79; to Germany 19; to Austria 4; to Belgium Jj to Tuscany 2; to Spain 1; to Franco 58; to United State* 5; to Russia 3 ; to Bwluurlaad 2; to Holland 2; to Rome 1; to Turkey 1. The following are tbe awards ofthe five which worn to be given to the United otataa • To C. H. MeCormiek, es Chicago, Winoie, for hm Virginia Reaper. To David Dick, MeadviUo, Western Pou t ■jlvami, for hi* Anti-Frletion Prew. | To Charles Goodyear, New Haven, Conn., (or his India Rubber Fabrics. '1 o W. Boaddc. Son, Boston, Mass., for an Electrio Clock. To Gael Borden, Texas, for his Meat Bis cuit. Os the Jury Medals, it is stated that about t.OCO wore to ba awarded, of which 1H pro bably would oome to the United States. In the class of General Hardware, including locks and grates, the following were the Americans who received Jury Medals: To Day <fc Nowell, New York, (represented by A. C. Hobbs,) for their Parantoptic Bank Lock. To W. Adans & Co., Boston, for their Combination Bank Lock. To McGregor & Lee, Cincinnati, for their Improved Bask Lock. To G. A. Arrowsmith, New York, for Jen nings\Permutation Lock. To Charles Howland, New York, for his Improved Bell Telegraph. To Cornelius dk Co., Philadelphia, for a Bronxo Chandelier. To Silas C. Herring, New York, for his Salamander »afo. To Chilson, Biebardson Co., Boston, for i Furnaces and Stoves. Tax Svbmarinb Tilibrapb.—The latest I London papers give an interesting descript on ’ of the progress which has been made in laying down the immense coil of telegraphic wires i enclosed in a gutta percha tube, which bad been prepared for forming the connexion ®f I tho telegraphic lines extending throughout the , European Continent, with those of Great f Britain, from Dover ta Calais. At 10 o'clock enthe evening of the2sih, the submarine tele graph was laid to within three miles of the French coast, and was in actual operation, be. tween tho steamer Blaser, which was employ ed in depositing the wire, and London. The following extract from a letter of the above dates desaribes the process t “The vessels arrived off the South Fareland at half-past six o’clock. The sun rose brilliantly, and exaotlyat 7, the end of the cable was landed, Mr. John,W. BraK Mr. Hnteheson, and ether gentle men aoecapabyieg it to watch progress and keep up a com nunicalion at regular intervals from the toast tbroof b the several wires of ths cable as it progressed in its onward course to France. At 9 •’elook, when about five miles from land, a /ue da i Joie was fired from the extreme end of twenty five miles of wire to the land, being a sort of electrical cannonade, nbich was kept up from time to time, > amid the vivas and huxzas of the several parties en . gaged in this useful, and, as regards its future sd vantages, impoitant enterprise. Several telegraphio instruments were also moat liberally allowed to be I attached, in addition to thote cf Messrs. Brett, the s triginal prejaeters «»f the submarine telegraph, and the needle telegraphs of Cook & Wheatstone, under Mr. Reid, and Messrs. Henley. All had an opper t tunity of sending communications to and from the two extreme points during its progress across the * Channel, in addition to the printing telegraph of » Mossra. Brott. This was kept up until the vessel, at 1 e’eloek, was out of sight. Several gentlemen who witnessed it on this side, crossed by the boat to Calais, at half-past 2 P. M., to see the landing of the cable at where by its connection with the wires at Calais, communications are expected * to be forwarded direct to Paris. A continuous cor- I rospendowce is kept up by the different telegraphs, , and a cannonade, formed by fusees in connexion with the wires, is kept up at intervals, the werd ‘fire’ being given Horn aide to tide by means of the tele- * graph, when, by the points of the several wires at I the terminals being brought in contact, the explosion instantly takes plao r.” 'I Tiuitlit—Tho Washington Repub'ic publishes an official statement or the popula tion, wealth and other statistics of thia pros perous State. We copy the following : Recapitulation of the State of I'enneesee. Dialling Houses in the 5tate129,420 Families in the Statel3o,oos White male While females374/23—756,893 Free colored ma1e53,072 Free colored fema.ee3,l99 — 6,271 T0ta1763,164 Deaths during the year 11,759 Farms in cultivation72,7lo Manufacturing establishments producing 8500 and upwards annually 2,793 51ave5239,461 Federal representative population 906,840 Niw Post Orricxs.—The following offices have been eatab'ished in Georgia : Grove, Elbert county, James A. Rumsey, P. M. Quinfield, Muscogee county, Allen O'Quin, P. M. Vineyard, Irwin county, Thomas Smith, P. M. Correopondetue of the Chronicle <f Sentinel. Wasiixotos Citt, Oet. 15, 1851. The late election in Georgia, 1 trust, from the returns received, has been responded to in Pennsylvania by the defeat of Johnsen. I think alee, that it does not exhibit much strength for Gen. Bcott. the eilenl candidate, in the Keystone State. But I dii not take up my pea to give you news, or discuss the merits of any candidate for the Presidency, bat to show the triumph of truth. In the Washington Union of this morning there is a very complimentary notice of Mr. Cobb.of Gaorula. the Governor eiaci, tu wmon every friend es that gentleman will respond. Bat, at the same time, I have no confidence in the sincerity of the editor, for at first, when ho thought the whole Democratic party of Georgia, would support McDonald, he gave M r. Cobb bat a lukewarm, and that conditional, aupport. Besides, the same paper, io another article, charges "the Whigs of Virginia and the Whigs es the whole South, as attempting to nso, or rather abuse, the patriotic impulses of the people." if Mr. Douelson really thinks so of the Georgia Whigs, be exhibits het little sagacity in praising a triumph in whieh they shared largely and which, if ho t believes, as he asserts, reflects credit upon the political coarse of Mr. Cobb, attaches with eqnal credit to these who have sustained him. * Bat the. triumph of Messrs. Cobb, Stephens > anJ Toombs, does not consist so much in the > triumphant approval es their course and the , large majorities they have received, as the acknowledgement new, on the partofthose who differed with them then, that they were i right from th* beginning The Union, in the article to which I have alluded, stye, that he (Mr. Cobb) “opposed the Beuth*ro address which emanated from Mr. Calhoun, and outof which may be said to I have come the Nashville Convention.” Whit i an admiMion for the Washington Union) just look over the files of that paper Tor January and February, 1849, aad see the denuneia. lions against the Southern Whigs for their course on that seljeot. ltietrue.it was then conducted by Mr. Ritchie, but the party Booth, with the exception of a very few, sae taiaed that address. And if my recollection serves mo, in hie paper of the 16ih of Jan uary, 1849—1 have it not before me and write from memory—Mr. Ritchie predicted that the Southern Whigs had dug their grave by their course. He, so doubt, intended to include Mr. Cobb and those other Democrats who refused to sign that address, that Boulter* address, which now proves, according to the opinion of Mr. Booeison, the successor of Air Ritchie, to have been the Father of the NesAviff* Coawaliaa You will remember that two addresses were presented to the meeting of ths Southern members, the one, 1 believe, prepared by Mr. Calhoun, the other by Mr. Berrien, the former of which was adopted by a vote exclusively D* moeratie, with the single exception of Gayle, of Ala bama. It is also upon the record that Mr. Stephens,of Georgia, introduced a resolution to Use effect that it was inexpedient to issue any addreae to the Southern people. Now the metropolitan organ perceives what were the consequences of that address, praise* Mr. Cobb for bis independent action on that oeoa •ion, and yet pretends to belicvo that Messrs. Toombs and Stephens, who were sustained at that time by Mr Cobb, are attempting “to nee, or rather abuse, the patriotic impulse* of the people." Ido not refer to these thing* for th* purpose of claiming for the Southern Whig* the exclusive credit of having foreseen the trouble that that address would bring upon the Booth, or battling against and successfully raaisting the evil consequences es that pro duction, bat to show the unfairnes* of an , editor, whose view* of patriotism and dzty never sxtond beyond the idea of appropriat ing every thing, whether rightfully or wrong : felly, to hie own party. Bendon, it gives ma an opportunity of exhibiting the sagacity of the “triumvirate’' as they are termed by their enemies, Messrs. Toombs, Cobb and Stephens, by showing their consistency in this whole matter. The Union newspaper, and almost the entire press of its party South, denounced these yory men for witbolding their approbation and signatures from an address, a Saethsm address, wnieb now, that same paper, which clamors daily about the National Democracy, aaseiu produced the Nashville Convention, the object of which was to dissolve ths Union. Do the records of the pest present a more complete triumph es truth or a sore successful vindi cation of the wisdom of these men, relative to this subject, from the beginning to the end f Had Messrs. Cobb, Toombs and Stephens, yielded to the influences which wore brought to bear at the time of the issue of the South ern address, sueh as sectional appeals and wise predictions of political death, ibis Union would, in all probability, have beea dissolved. But wi b the mans csnsein recti, they did their duty then, and ibeir reward acts is the trium phant approval by the people, and a confession es judgment by ibeir opponents. Long may they live to enjoy that confidence and serve tboir country with a xeal commensurate with their ability. “As Osaxavia.” Lavin mon Four Laatni—Ttxatt wits rat lantasa —Cmolxxa os thi Urrsa Muuaairri. — St Loew, Friday. Oct. 18 —Col. Cowper and Major Chilton arrived here to day, bringing la tern from the treaty ground. The treatise with the several Indian tribes have been finally convoked, and the sreseau distributed by Cel. Whitehall, who was to leave for the states on the evening of the 24 h. Seaia little exci emer.t was produced by the arrival of an express from the trading ports on the,Upper Mississippi, advising Col. Mitch ell es the prevalence of tbeeholora among the I adieus of that section. A delegation from die several tribes partici pating in the treaties are to visit the President at Washing on, end, it is understood, will ac company the commissioner to this city. Two companies of R.fles wars despatched as an escort, and Maj. Ciulson, with his com pany of dragoons, earns on jn advance. The whole party is expected hero the letter part of next wook. CcrresfontienulSafannak Republican. Bt. Aigustinb, (Fla ) Oct 11, 1851. The trial of the case of (lie Pampero, for alleged vio'ation of the revenue and neutrality law., commenced on the 9th On that day the court merely organized. Tho taking of testi mony was begun on Friday. Tho first witness examined was John King, a native of Ireland, one of the men attached to the expedition, who departed from Naw Orleans on the Pampero, and arrived with said vessel at Cuba; but being taken sick on the voyage, and thereby disa bled, ha did not land, but returned with the Pampero to Jacksonville. In the latter town. King lay some weeks at the point of death Ho arrived in a very destitute conditicn.'houth his wants were supplied by the charity of the ladies of Jacksonville. His testimony before the Court was very full, and it is thought alone ample to prove the violation of the Iws He described the passage of the steamer, herarrival at Cuba, ard identification of the vessel in question as the one engaged in the expedition. King's evidence occupied the whole of Fridry. Today Col. Titus, also of the expedition, was called. His evidence as to the reinforce meat from Jacksonville, and the departure ard subsequent disbandment of the Pampero par ty in this region, is full and conclusive, J. C. Henming and Capt. Thompson of Jackson ville, occupied the latter part of to day in giving evidence, which was brief, but to the same point. The Court adjourned over to Monday, when testimony will be resumed. It ia understood that the argument will be post poned until another silting of the Court. The claim of Mr. Segur to the Pampero is con sidered hopeless, and there is no very active sympathy in his behalf; though tho fact of the testimomy against him being mainly from those engaged with him in the expedition, and that it is alleged bis all of the world’s goods con • sista in the properly of said vessel, and that a n.eicl/in L. L._ . L. decision against him will strip him, while oth ers have mo*e luckily retained a share of the Cuba effects, may, independent of any other considerations, awaken some public intetesl in his tehalf. Maj. B. A. Putnam, of this place, and Me Queen Mclntosh, Esq., are the present coun sels lor Mr. Segur ; G. M. Call, Esq., District Attorney, for the United States. Some fifteen witnesses are eubpoeaa:d—cit izens of Jacksonville, persons attached to the Cuba expedition, and others, A commission has been forwarded to New York to take the deposition of Lieut. Van Veichen, although the testimony of King renders it almost super fluous. i os e r’ < : : - : • § • : : »»»«n ‘ s- 5 gg.a: :3 : : :: : : i§ 5 S'g “SSC®®! 'BFBI : S -£ m -4-c -6FSI ’i • r £8 £ 3S ,J> s°t degj Ja S • S 3 £ §§| dsso> dos J r « lE> g -** ~ ’1991 —2 ! ( 2 M , ® S- , o> ■ 3 • J ST ® ® C m Z E. ; t ocr ■ “ -fa S’ =g-=r 2 «£. ' 'J ’ " *_ 9 . _S i IH No account is kept of up Freights, consisting cf Merchandize, Machinery, <pe. Mutual Insurance. Athens, Oct. 10,1851. Editore Chronicle Sf Sentinel—Gentlemen:— Tho Southern Mutual Insurance Company have just been holding their annual meeting in our town, and have attracted here a large number of strangers. The affairs of the Company are in a highly prosperous condition. The capital stuck now reaches $288,413 94, < f which about $55 000 is in cash, or in bonds capable of being converted into cash in twen ty-four hoes. The company being entirely mutual, it claims the favor and patronage of the community, not only on account of its strength and the liberality of its dealings when losses occur, but by 'he benevolence of its objects and the public good it is intended to promote. The meeting wasquite harmonious and the Stockholders much pleased with the report of the Directors. Give or the Insured. The Wire of Kossuth, The New York Etpreeo, in an article on the expected arrival of Kossuth, relates the follow ing incident, illustrative of the devotion of his wife to her busband after being exiled to Tur key : With him cemee hie heroic wife, who, after hie exile eommenced in Turkey, with incredi ble sacrifices and devoted disregard to a thou sand dangers, traversed hostile territories, sub mitted to deprivations and underwent suffer ings of every kind, joined him at his retreat, by the foo* of Mount Olympus, it was under the protection of a passport from the British Con sul General, at Belgrade, that as British sub jects, under assumed names, she and her com panions were enabled to accomplish this great adventure, and when, on tho twenty-eighth ai*,--uu,, w , wm sour la or' mem apprise Kossuth of their approach to Shnmls, — (he was ill , and on account of the many plans of the Austrians to asssssinsto him, the Sultui’s authorities would not allow him leave Shumla and go te meet bis wife,) the news of her de liverance and her approach occasioned the liveliest satisfaction to all tho refugees; and the Hungarians and Poles went as far as the gates of the city timed this heroic martyr of tho cause of Hungary. It was night when the carriage neared the city; and as it entered the gates she found the etrees lighted with hun dreds of lights, gre**n, whi e, end red, the colors of the Hungarian fl ig, and was welcomed with tho most friendly shouts from the whole body of the refugees. And the account from which wo hare quoted goes on to say : “When Madams Kossuth descended from her carriage ahe found herself in the presence of her hueband, who had risen from his bed of illness to receive the poor ‘ Maria F n," of the plains of Hungary. In place of receiving her in his arms, M. Kossuth, overcome by feelings of admiration for the sufferings which his wife had undergone, and by grat tude for her devotion to the cause of her country, threw himself at her feet and kissed Item. She endeavored te speak and offer her bus i band consolation and tranquility, while her | own poor feeble heart was ready to bunt with i enaction. Her voice failed her, and amid the , reiterated shoots of the Hungarians and Poles, t this heroic woman was carried to her hus band’s apartments." ' In our rejoicings, therefore, at the liberation and th? coming hither of the great patriot, let us not forget the heroic adventares of his no ble wife, and let the same interest which the British Consul at Belgrade, and the united population of Shumla displayed in her success, the same respect for her viities, the same joy st her happiness, br msnifestsd by the fathers and son*, the brother* and husbands of Ame rican women. Feral. Cossiquttxexs or Follt —An oe . currence, which happened at a young ladies' seminary in New York, is men.ioned in the Times of that city, which presents another proof of the folly of indulging in the thought les* practice of exempting to frighten others. Two of the young Isdies in the institution were engaged in their own room, conversing upon the seianea of anatomy, in the course of which one of them proceeded to relate some experi ence she had formerly acquired in a dissecting room. Just as the conversation reached this point, the door of the room opened, and an other of the inmate* of the seminary entered with alow and solemn tread, having a white sheet wrapped about her form, and her face powdered to perfect whiteness, her jet black hair, eyes, and browe, presenting a contrast ; which gave a startling lividoess to her ghost- ' like countenance. The lady who was relating I her experience, as already stated, is said to be j mentally superior to any of her classmates, and no’ed for her strength of mind and free dom from nervousness and absurd sensibility. So sudden, however, was the approach of the figure, ju»t at a moment when her mind was least prepared for any thing asaocialed with ; thoughts of the dead, that upon beholding the apparition she full senseless to the floor, and I r awoke to the scenes around her only to show ‘ her anxious attendants that reason had fled and * left sad tokens of the mental wreck. At last ! accounts no change was discoverable in the distressing symptoms ol the unfortunate girl, r and there is little encouragement to hope that ■ reason will over resume its seat. '1 his occur- * ronco, of course, bas produced much distress, both in the seminary and in the families of the 1 respective parties. 1 ______________ A PsrairixD Henau Boor.—Several streets ' being about to bo opened through the Metho dist Episcopal grave yard and Light st., extend ed, a large number of the remains of the dead have been removed by their relatives and friends. This week, taking out the coflin of Mrs. Vansant, a lady who has been dead 17 years, the lid being partially broken in, Mr. Vansant, the husband of the deceased and the Shane, who were present, noticed that the body appeared whole, and on examin ing it, found that it was petrified as bard as a stone, and perfect in all its parts, the only change being that it was neaily black. The grave was in a wet place, much of the g'ound being in fact so moist that it is necessary to bore holes in the sound eoCns in order that the water may ran out. Wo have beard of rhe petrifaction of human bodies elsewhere, but this is the first case that has eome under our knowledge in this eity or State.—Baltimore Clippar. Complrtio* of tkc Grtal Rattia Railway.- The inauguration of the railway which con nects Sb Petersburg!! and Moscow took place on the Ist Sept. Next to the Naw York Erie road, it is the longest in the world. The Czar, accompanied by the Empress, the principal members of the Imperial family, several foreign Princes, and attended by the high officers of state end a numerous suite, quitted St. Petersburgh a 1 six o’clock n the morning, and arrived at Moscow al half past eight in the evening. The distance is nearly five hundred miles. At the terminus they were received ny the civic authorities, the regiment of the guards, and a splendid staff, at tfie bead of which the Emperor went into the city amid the firing of i guns and the acclamations of thg people. Ear ly the next morning the Imperial party, ac companied by their guests and suite, went in 1 state to the Cathedral, where a solemn thanks giving was offered The Czar afterwards held I a grand levee, and io the afternoon reviewed < the Life Guards. . 1 FOREIGN NEWS. |. FURTHER BY THE ATLANTIC. The U S. mail steam ship A lactic arrived at New York to day, Wednesday, with ono hundred passengers from Liverpool, which port she left cn tho Ist inst. She had been detained forty nine hours by an accident hav ing occurred to her machinery, and had ex perienced heavy gales on her passage. The America, which left Boston on tha 17th ult, arrived at Liverpool on the 28lh ult. Cotton, in the Liverpool market, had expe riencod no chsngo since the departure of the Asia on the 27th ult-mo, but was steady. The sales amounted 15000 hales to the trade, and 4000 to speculator! and exporters. Flour was sixpence higher, and Corn was in demand, with large sales, at an advance of a shilling. Wheat had an upward tendency. Only the good qualities of Sugar were saleable. Coflee was unchanged. Trade in Manchester was fiat, and prices were down. Tho London money market was very active and improving, though farther fail ures were expected. The bullion in the Bank ol England wee increasing daily. Trade generally, in England, wm reviving. Consols ' had advanced to 90}a 96J 1 The Mtssirsippi with Kossu'h and his com -1 panions had arrived at Marseilles on the 26th 1 ult., which occasioned great rejoicings there— -1 the City having boon illumina'ed, &c. He has sailed for the United State*. > The Catholic Prelate has isssuod a circular - counselling resistance to the policy of the > Government in relation to ths Ecclesiastical > Titles Bill s The French papers have been very severe t on Lord Palmerston’s speech, delivered at • Tiverton, which town he represents in the t British House of Commons. Tha average daily attendance at the Great Exhibition was sixty-eight thousand. The excitement tn Madrid relative to Cu ban affairs, was gradually dying away, the ex ecution of Lopez having been generally deem ed satisfactory. The Aus rian authorities have hun* Kossuth in effigy at Pestb, Hungary, in the presence of the troops. Turkey was on the eve of an important po litical crisis. The commercial accounts from India were more favorable. A great inundation had oc curred in the Punjaub, which bad destroyed an immense amount of property. The steam ship Yacht has arrived, bringing news from Northern Mexico. The revolu tionists are still successful. They have cap turod the town of Reynoea without meeting wi'h any resistance. Canales, the Governor of Tamau ipas, was about entering Matamo ras. Governor Letcher arrived st Vera Cruz on tke let inst. and proceeded to the Capitol. From the N. V. Commmial Adferliser. European News by the Atlantic and America. The steam frigate Mississippi, with Korsuth and companions arrived at Marseilles on the 26th cf tientember. and sailed immediately for England. The town people expressed their ad miration of Kossuth by illuminations and va rious public demonatratirns. The Emperor of Austria ha> reached Milan, where he was coldly received by the people. Another severe earthquake look place in the Neapolitan dominions on the 6th ultimo. The lime of the closing of the great Loudon exhibition remained fixed 10. tho 11th instant The Commissioners had given formal noti-e on the 26th to Messrs Fcx and Henderson, of their intention to have the building removed. This notice, however, is nor regarded as con clusive as to the late of the building, but giv f en to keep the powers of the original contract in force. Its actual fate will probably remain in suspense until Parliament re-assembles. An impression gains ground, however, that the building will finally be removed from the Park. The Roman Ca'holic Defence Association has commenced i'saction by issuing an addre-s to the Catholics of the United Kingdom, dec a ring hostility to the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill and the Ecclesiastical policy of the Government, and calling on the Catholics to unite in an or ganized resistance to both. Toe address is rigr ed by Dr. Cullen, Catholic Primiate of Ireland, and Mr. Keogh, Secretary of the De fence Association On Sunday, the 28th, the Submarine Tele graph between the French and English coasts was brought into complete and successful ope ration. At Liverpool, and along the west coast, gales , of more or less violence have occurred, doing serous damage. Great preparations ere making throughout Great Britain in anticipation of the expected general election. From Spezzia we learn that the frigate Mis sissippi was there on the 21st instant with 1 Kossuth. Capt. Austin, of the Arctic Expedition has r returned to England, having made no new discoveries. The return oftbe American ves sels had been announced in England, by an arrival from Greenland. - The new clipper Chrysolite, for the China trade, has made the passage from Liverpool to Angier in eight days. The first sale of tea grown in England, was made last week. Abbott Lawrence was still in Ireland, every > where receiving cordial greetings. The bullion in the Bank of England was - rapidly increasing , The prospects of the coming winter were favorable, though at the same time the prob i ability remains that some further failures will > take place in London end L verpool of the ■ importers of produce. i The Exhibition continues to attract throngs i of vititors. The number is iqial to 68,060 i daily. Spain — The excitement in Madrid relative to Cuban affairs has diminished, the Spaniards beginning to take greater interest in home pol i itics The execution of Lopez seems to have r ratified them. i Despatches from the Spanish minister at i Rome announce the conclusion of the ratifica- ■ tlon of the concordat with the Court of Spain, i and the execution of letters Apostolic. /■'rance — The Assemble Nationale treats tho speech of Lord Palmerston at Tiverton, with i mucn severity, accusing him of intuiting the Continental Governmen's by charging them with preventing their subjects from declaring > their political opinion, and thus exci ing them f to revolt against their Government. f A Cabinet Council was held at St. Clouds on Saturday, at which President Bonaparte ' presided, i Italy.—Letters from Rime state that the Pope has pardoned the individuals convicted , of having maliciously destroyed the carriages ■ of the Cardinals during the Revolution. Belgium.— The elections are progressing favorably for the Government. i Austria — The Government has again inani- > fes'ed its blind folly by causing Kossuth and , bis colleagues to be hung in effigy in the city -of Pesth, in the presence of a large military force. j Itis expected that about one hundred and t sixty sente ce* of persons whose suits havr been going on, although they have been left ' at liberty, will be oiiicial y published on the > 98th. I Russia.— The Emperor Nicholas, accom ( psnied by thirty-five of his chief Generals, ' visited Comoro on the 23d instant, and return ed to Moscow on the st ma day. 1 Turksg— The government in Turkey ap pears to be on the point of apolitical crisis. Rechid Pacha’s power is tottering and his successor is a'ready spoken of. India —By the overland mail at Trieste, • we have dates from Bombay to the 18th of September. The commercial news is favor able. The outbreak in Cashmere has been suppressed. A great quantity of rain has fallen in Scinde and the Punjsub, causing an inundation from which great loss of life and property has resulted. Commodore Hawkins is dead Funds to the amount of $70,000 hava bean discovered in the opium department of Bom bay. An expedition is fitting out against the Arabs about Ada. Gold is abundant, and the import trade brisk. Io England, public attention is concentrated on the approaching close of the World’s Fair, which is oositively to lake place on the 11th ' inst. After which two days will be appropria i ted to the exhibitors, each having he privi- I lege of introducing two friends. The awards ■ will be made on the 15th inst. Lord Londonderry had again addressed the President of th? French Republic in reference ! to Abdel Kadir. The correspondence, how : over, ameuots to nothing practical. The seamen belonging to the American ship Columbia, lying at Liverpool, had mutinied I The men were convicted, fined and irnpris- oaed. The Hon. Abott Lawrence, the American minister was in Dublin visiting public institu tions. He was receiving the greatest atten tion, both from city authorities and private in dividuals. Kossuth had been expected to visit London up to the Ist instant, when in’elligence was received that the French authorities had re fused to grant him permission to pass through their terriiory from Marseilles. It was under stood that he would sail in the Mississippi for New York. The Queen was expected to visit Liverpool on the 9th, and no business would be transact ed on that or the following day. Says the New York Commercial Advertiser: Kossuth —Our London correspondent’s letter mentions that the Mississippi, with Kos suth and his companions on board, had called at Marseilles for coal and fresh provisions. We find also the following notices of her and her <ueats: Aller having solemnly promised the Turk ah commissaries to go direct to America Kossuth wanted to take a Hungarian flag with him into the American vessel; but this was objected to by the Turks. When all the refugees were safely on board, Kossuth made a speech, in which Lord Palmerston and the Americans were not forgotten, and soon after th) Mississippi started on her voyage. The Corrtere Mercantile quotes letters from Spezz a, of the 22d, eating that the inhabitants of that town, on being informed that Kossuth was on board the Mississippi, made great de monstrations in honor of his arrival. The town was illuminated, rockets were let off. and a large number of boats, gaily decked out, surrounded the Mississippi, valuing Kossuth with music and cheers. The American Com modore, who is taking the waters at Lu-.ca bar been to L< Spezzia to compliment him. The liberation of Kossuth and his compan ions baa led .o a somewhat rupe fl iou» cere money at Pesth. On the morning of the 9.b of January, 1:50. 36 Hungarian revolutionary leaders were summoned before the court-mar tial then sit ing in the capital of the prov.nce On the 22d in-t. they were all condemned in aoalumarium and hang d in effiry; that is, a 11 - ck board, win the thirty six names inscribed thereon tn white letters was affixed to the gal lows. The Mississippi, with 55exi|aa onboard, had touched at Smyrna, and on the 16th at Syra, one of the Cyclades. On the arriv-d of Kos suth in the Dardanelles, the eeptaiu of the Mississippi went on board toe Turkish ves»e‘< and p aced hie ship at the disposal of the exile’, at'he same tme presenting sls 000 to their leader in the name of tho American Govern ment. From the Lake Superior Journal, Oct. 8. Propeller Monticello Wrecked. I*, becomes our painful duty to recorl the most perilous shipwreck that has ever occured on Lake Superior, arid hiving beenapassen on boa-d the Mon'icello at the time, we are enabled to give all the particulars in relation to the loss of the ve-s-.1, Bn d the hardships of the passengers and crew. We went on board at the Ontonagon on the afternoon of the 25:h nit. cn her return from Fond du Lac. She left Mr. Cash’s dock in the river at half past five o’clock, bound for Sant. She lay on the bar a few minutes on her way out, bat the soa at that time wes light, and we cannot think it possible that she sprung aleak from the effects of'he slight pounding on the light tand. We had been out half an hour when the firemen discovered the water rising around the floors of the engine. The main pump was put into operation, and on examination the captain and engineer seemed confident that the rump would keep her clear till we could rnu down to Eagle Harber, a distance of sixty miles—but it was soon discovered that the water was fast gaining on the pump, and pre parations were made immediately for raising water by means of barrelsand buckets. The wind was blowing at first from the west ward, but soon changed to the n< rihwest—-it was fresh but fair, and aided by s dis and all the steam that it was prudent to carry, tho Monticello came on at a rapidra e, still keeping on her course, ia hopes to make the harbor. The passengers an 1 crew worked steadily at the pumps, but the water continued gradually to rain on them. to gam on mem. We bad now been out about three hours, the wind and waves Constan ly increasing, when it was found there was little hope of reaching Eagle Harbor; the water bad risen nearly to the fires and was fast gaining, notwithstanding all the exertion,ol these on board. After remaining on her course a few min utes longer the boat was headed toward the land, and new efforts were put forth to en courage all on board to assist at the pumps and barrels. By this time there were three feet of water or more in the hold, and she moved and rolled heavily through the seas. It was not long before the fires were report ed out —the engines work lazily for a shot time, the clicking of the valves became feint and less frequen*, an I finally, like the dying ’ s ruggle of a strong man, it ceased altogether. Tho boat being soon careened cn one side ' by the sai’s, one of tho fire grates vas partally ! outof water, and a firs was kindle! again by means of dry wood, oil and the most combusti ble matter the boat afforded. This not only assisted our progress toward the land, but it stimulated the passengers to new exer ions. The fires were in ibis wav kindled end ex -1 tinguished several times For two hours the 8 water logged vos els drifted in before sound r ings could be had. In this region it was well ' known that the coast was rocky and danger ■ ous, and the night was too dark to enable the pilot to distinguish one place from another. > A heavy sea rolled in upon the shore, arid it '■ seemed like madness o attempt to make a lau e ding, under such circumstances. Accordingly Capt. Wilson decided to coma to anchor and 1 endeavor to keep the vessel afljat ’ill daylight; 1 and as soon as wo camo into six fathoms water e the anchors were let go, and she swung round f heavily. •- The pumping snd baling were continued ; '* two or three hours more would b'ing the light '■ of another day, and it was understood that an d attempt would be mads to land as soon as'it r - - -- . was daylight. Some time before daylight the wind changed to the North and commenced blowing hard, directly upon the shore, and the sea increased rapidly, oftentimes washing into the hatchways where the men were at work baling, and i be came evident to al. that the tho vessel could bo kept afloat only fora short lime long> r. At five o’clock it was light enough to see that it was a bold rocky shore, against which the waves dashed high and furiously, but it was too fate to choose a place for landing, and the capt. ordered tho anchors raised. Her bow swung around to tho east, and in fifteen minutes she » ru< k heavily on the solid rock, about three hundred yards from shore. The largest of tho two yawls, on the lee side, was soon lowered, and with a line long enough to reach the land, the first and second mates, Messrs. Lucas and Burney, VV. T. Ivesthrook and one of the crew started for the shore. The line was made fast to a tree, and they commenced tho far more difficult and dangerous task of returning. By untiring exertions the passengers and crew were all landed at half past eight. All were drenched, in com'ng ashore, and were co d, hungry and worn out by the fatigues of the night and morning. After a few minutes the boat war again manned aud the wreck was explored for pro visions, and slew pounds of hard bread, part ot a quarter of fresh beef and some boiled beef were brought in. After having eaten this as many as possible started for Engle Riv er, which was judged to be about 35 miles dis tant. On the Tuesday following Capt. McKay with the schooner Algonquin, proceeded to the wreck and brought oil' the capt in, crew and remaitfing passengers, and all that could b saved of valuable property. The Monticello was owned by Col Me Night, of this place, and was insured for sl4, 606. From Bvssos Ayres. — We have advices from Buenos Ayres to the 18th of August. The principal feature of interest is the treaty negotiated between France and the Argentine Republic, only now published, although it was signed by the plenipotentiaries of each country in August, 1850. It contains the fol owing provisions: Ist. That tho Argentine Republic will adhere to an immediate suspension of hostili ties between the Oriental forcesand Montevi deo, and those of tho country districts. 2d. That the agent of tho French Government will reclaim from Montevideo the immediate disarmament of the foreign legion, either in Montevideo or any other part of the Oriental Republic. 3d. That the army of the Ariren tine Confederation shall retire upon the Uru guay. 4th. That France shall raise the block ade of the Oriental ports, evacuate the Island of Martin Garcia, make restitution of vessels which may have been taken, and salute the flag of the Confederation with twenty-one guns. sth. That the two contracting parties shall restore vessels taken during the blockade to their respective owners. 6th. That the French Republic recognises the navigation of the river Parens as an interior navigation of ® ths Argentine Confederation, and subject only _ to its laws and regulations, the same as that of j the Uraguay, iu common with the Oriental Sta’es. 7th, Bth, and 9-h articles contain no J proviiious of interest. Ar icie 11th settles ’ the matter of various titles, France recognising j Oribe as a brigadier only, and not as President , of Uruguay ]2th and 13 h sections refer to • the exchange of ratifications. B The Buenos Ayres Packet says that a similar treaty has been negotiated with Oribe. Ou the 3d of August the Buenos Ayres Government officially informed the French ’ resident Minister that the arm.eticj negotiated in May, 1849, would cease to be of effect so soon as the parties to it bad been duly notified. A Brazilian vessel had been captured by a ’ British steamer. Ni.iety-four slaves were found on board. There arc no clear intelligible accounts of J- belligerent movements, it is asset ted gene rally in the advices that Brazil is making active . preparations to invade the Argentine territory ( and take part wi.h Urquizi, but there are , contradictory rumors respecting the posi ions of all parties to what seems to be a generally unsettled state of affairs. Urquizs was at Cerro Pelado on the 4lli of August, according to what seem lo be the most recent accounts. The Hon. Mr. Pendleton, American Charge d’Aflaires from this Government near the Government of Buenos Ayres, was daily ex pected at the lattercity from Rio de Janeiro.— N Y. Com. Ailt>, Capk or Good Horz.— Beslan, Oct. 15 The barque Springbox, Captain Burd, from Cape Town, brings advices to Sept. 31. The Cape Town mail of August 23d, an nounces a Government notice from the British authorities in Orange River severe.gnty, de nouncing the people of Mosecb and Mulitssna as enemies. The whole force of the dis'rict* within the sovereignty have been summoned, including all male inhabitants liable to do mili tary duty. It is intimated that martial law is about to be procla med byjHer Majesty’s High Commission in that Previses Sir Harry Smith had despatched two com -13 panies of the 45 h regiment, and 500 Zulas to ' aid ihe sovereignty. Sir Harry designs to pro ceed there himself. The Mail condemns the proceedings of the President, and asserta that its views a-e bus 3 tained by the colonists universally. 8 Advices from Grahamstown to August ]6lh, • have been received. which state that since the 1 1 ist post, ihe work of destruction is still going • on around that p ace. Murders and robberies r by Kafers continue at Somerset, and great dis tress prevails on account of a severe drought, • as well as Kafir depredations. Cattle, sheep and horses are prerishing for the want of food; hostile Kafirs are numerous : in the neighborhood. 9 At Cradoch security seems to prevail in . respeetto war but much sickness felt. I At Whittlesea encounters with bands of s Kraals had been i uecessful. r A dreadful hurricane had swept over the missionary station of Ulmaetown materially , damaging the Wesleyan chapel, &c. , Letters from the Kreilis country state that , the Governor had made up his mind for peace , and had made a formal oiler to his excellency , to indemnify him for all losses sustained by i traders since the war began. ; Intelligence from Fort Hare announces that | the Kaffirs and Hotentots are in such force near the general’s tent, that he can do nothing i with them. i The frontier poets are gieatly distressed for , supplies. At Alice, meal was se ling from £5 to £6 10s per 100 lbs. The inhabitants were daily look ing for fresh inroads of the savages. At Somerset, August lG.h, the post wee at tacked an the men were allowed to escape, but everibing va nable wee plundered. The town has been thrown into great agita tion by discovering that nearly all the confi dential sevanta ol Gen. Somerset at Oatlands had decamped, carrying away much property. X. Y. Com. * r 1 KoSsCth’s w ife and three sons are with him ou board the U. 8. frigate Missi sippi, now daily expected in this country. The English will, it appears, be dieappoin ed at the Hun gar ian chief not having visited their country, where an en husiaatie reception apparently awaited him, if we may judge from the re mark of the London Daily News, that “one oftbe most pleasing coincidences of modern times is -he somplete identity of feeling in tba United Statesol America and in Great Brita.e on trie subject ol the llungarianstroggle.’’
