Georgia Historic Newspapers

    2
To the People of Georgia.
A few friends of education, during the past
veer, published a call for a convention, to take
lato consideration the great subject of common
schools. To that call about sixty counties in
the State responded by sending delegates, num
bering about one hundred and fifty, who met in
convention at Marietta, in July last. The large
number of delegates, comprising so many of our
most intelligent men, known to feeladeep inter
act in this matter, and in all things likely to ef
fect the condition of the people | also many ex
perienced and practical teachers | showed the In
terest that was taken in the subject by the peo
ple of Georgia. Although there was not that
unanimity so • much to be desired, although a
great diversity of opinionsand views was enter
mined and urged in the convention, yet all seem
ed to have, the same great object ia view, an
anxious desire to do something to excite ,ha ‘ in '
tereet among our people in the subject, w ‘lj®“t
which nothing effectual can be accomplished,
either by legislative enactments or much leas oy
ths resolves of a convention. After much de
liberation and a very full expression ofopmlon
by a large majority, the convention adopted a
preamble and resolutions, recommending the
establishment of a system of common schools
for the State of Georgia and a Bureau of Edu
cation. Under a resolution of the convention,
the undersigned were appointed a committee to
addiess the B people of Georgia upon the subj-ct
—sustaining and urging the views of tl econven
tion We well may, as we sincerely do, distrust
our ability to do justice to that body, much less
the great subject of education—a subjeet to in
timately connected with the Interest and happi
ness of the people individually, and its unspeak
able importance in a social and political point of
view. Ths cause of education received an early
attention, and a liberal patronage, from the fra
mers of our governments large appropriations
have been made from time to time; various
systems ofeducation have been adopted, modi
fied, then rejected and repealed, and the present
system, but a modification of ooms others, must
be abandoned, and superceded as not calculated
to eflect the object intended to be accomplished—
the education of the poor. We believe that
there should be a new system adopted- one that
can be understood and enjoyed by the whole
people —that the time has arrived when the sys
tem in force in other states, both free and slave
bolding States—a system approved and in practi
cal operation, and that too after a trial of many
others, should be introduced into Georgia, by
which, wholly abolishing the odious distinction
of “poor scholars,” all the children of the State
should be educated at common schools, to be es
tablished and supported, if not wholly, mainly
by the State. As the establishment of “com
mon schools” involves the rejection of the pre
sent “poor school system,” it may be proper to
Mate,as briefly as-we can, the leading provisions
of the law establishing it. The law makes it the
duty of the magistrate in each district to report
to the “Inferior Court” annually, the names of
all the children in their respective districts
deemed by them proper persons to receive a por
tion of the fund set apart for the education of the
poor; these returns are sent by the Inferior
court to the “Executive office,” and form the
basis for the distribution of the fund, which is
about twenty thousand dollars. To supply the
balance of the means necessary to educate the
poor, the grand juriesare requested, not required,
to recommend to the Inferior Court the levying
of such per cent, on the State tax os they may
think necessary, to educate the poor in their res
pective counties. A statement of a few facts
will, we think, clearly show that the above plan,
adopted in 1843, is very defective, unjust in its
operation, and not at all calculated to accom
plish the object in view, and that it should be su
perceded, or greatly modified, it the common
school system should not find favor with the
legislature. I n the first place, any one who will
take the trouble to look into the matter, will find
that the duty of the magistrates, under the law
to make returnsof the poor children, isoften en
tirely neglected, and that the returns which have
been mado are very imperfect, not more than
three fourths of the poor children are returned,
and of those returned, it is ascertained from the
commissioners of the poor school fund in a few
of the counties, IV tie more than half are sent to
school, and their average attendance not more
than four months in the year.
The whole number of poor children in the
State may be safely estimated at from forty, to
fifty thousand ; about one third oi all the chib
dren in the State between the ages of six and
sixteen—the whole number being by estimation
something over one hundred and forty thousand.
It is ascertained from the returns in the execu
tive Department, that in the year 1849, thirty
two thousand and nine hundred were returned.
Theimperfect returns, together with the fact
that little more than half of those returned are
sent to school, and that their attendance is not
more than four months In the year, con
clusively we think, that there ia something es
sentially wrong in the present system. Again,
the provision of the law of 1843, authorizing,
not requiring the Grand Juries to recommend,
not to require, the Inferior Court to levy ruch
tax as they may deem necessary to educate the
poor in their respective counties, has not accom
plished the intended purpose. We have conclu
sive reasons for asserting that in many counties
no recommendations have been made, and in
some when made they have been entirely disre
garded by the Courts) nor can it be expected
that the Grand Juries, who are usually together
only for one week, and who have so much other
business requiring their attention, or that the
Inferior Courts, with their many duties, ean
give the subject that attention which is neces
sary in order to form a correct conclusion what
amount of tax would be nececssary, and which
would be agreeable to the people. We have as
certained from the proper record in the “ Execu
tive Office,” that in the year 1849, thirty two
counties made no returns of their poor children,
and in 1860, fifteen counties made no return.
Can it forone moment be believed that the people
in these counties were taxed, or that their
poor children received the benefit of this provis
ion, when the Magistrates and Judges of the
Courts did not feel sufficient interest, in the
matter to take the necessary steps in order to
get their share of the *2o,ooo,—the State fund
for the education of the poor? The law provides
s that counties making no .t—u —c»| va
>v. the educational., fund agreeably to th* last'
"return on record, and even with this ptoyision,
eight counties In 1850, received nothing, I never
having made a return.
But another objection to this plan, and which
we think is fatal to its continuance, la its gross
injustice torthe poorer counties, where there
is the greatest number of poor children, and the
least ability, to bear taxation. It iedeemed un
necessary to argue this point—an example will
illustrate it conclusively.
The counties of Newton andJasperpay into
the treasury as State tax eight thousand nine
hundred and ten d Hare, end return eeven hun
dred and twenty poor children ; whilst the coun
ties of Union and Gi tner, wttieh pay fifteen hun
dred and ninety four dollars of Slate tax, re
turn two thousand eight hundred and eighty
four poor children. Thue in the two counties
where comparatively little ia wanted there is
much ability to bear taxation, and In the other
two where much is wanted, the people are una
ble to bear the tax necessary to educate their
children. All must see the Injustice of such a
plan. The children of Union and Gilmer, and I
all counties similarly situated, must grow up In
ignorance or the people be ruined by taxation.
Thus we believe that we have demonatrated
that the present system has not and cannot an
swer the objects of general education or the edu
cation of the poor, and that it eheuld be superce
ded by another. We believe that Georgia should
profit by the experience oi other States—the
experience argument le worth all otbera In thia
matter —and adopt at once the system of com
mon Schools,” diacountenaclng tha «wwue dis
tinction ot poor children, which has kept so
many at home and in ignorance, and adopting
the name of “common school’’ for all the chil
dren of the State. This was the opinion of the
convention, in which the committee fully con
cur.
The recommendation of the convention that
there should be establiiahed a" Bureau of Edu
cation,” is directly connected with this matter.
The committee deem thia indispeneible In giv
ing life and force to any law upon the subject.
At the bead of this department should be placed
a superintendent, whose duty It will be to re
ceive all returns and all communications connect
ed with education in the entire State. Ho will
be the head or Executive under the law to au
|>orintend the whole subject and to carry out the
He will annually report to the legislature the
working and progresa of the system, euggestlaj
such defects and alteration as his experience an<
high qualifications will enable him to detect. It
will be his duty personally to visit the different
school districts, and to consult the select men in
each, in order to ascertain the want of the differ
ent counties, and the adaptation of the system
to such aa may bo peculiarly aituated on account
of the aparaenesa of population. The superin
tendent Is an important and indispensible officer
in every well regulated system of common
schools knows to the committee.
Wo have stated that the Convention was not
unanimous in its recommendations. Some be
lieved thst the present plsn was the best; we
think we have shown, nomstter what may bo
the objections to the “ common school system,”
thatlhe system now in force in Georgia, does
not, and has not, answered tho wants of the
country. Some of the friends of the proposed
system doubted its practicability, on account o
the inherent difference in the character of the
people of Georgia and those of the States le
which the system is in vogue, and that slavery
and the sparseness of our popalstion would in
terfero with its successful operation. We moe'
bo allowed to spurn the Insinuation thst the som
of the Cavaliers are not as cspablo of spprecla
ting sod sustaining any great and good cause st
the descendsnta ot the Puritans. Neither dost
slavery nor sparseness of population constitute
objections to the system. Kentucky and Ten
nessee, hsve good common school systems, and
we infer that Louisiana has, from the fact that
a very distinguished gentleman hss recently been
chosen superintendent of her ech. ole, and they
are elave Slates.
To moot the difficulty of sparse population,
there is tn every good system a power of ex
tonetoa or oxpanaton. In the State of Maine,
(which has long bad one of the beet systems of
“ common schools.”' some of the counties,
from the oparceneas of their population, have
not yet received the full benonts of the system,
but it is extended to them as they become fit
ted for its operation. And in Wisconsin, just
settling, the common school syatem was adopt
ed. before the forma'um of her constitution,
preparatory to her aomutsTon into tbo Union.
A portion of the State of Teuoesoeo has
boon only a few years organised, poor and
thinly Milled, and yet her system was adopted
as far bach as the year 1830. It may bo that
the spvrsely settled portions of the Slate
would not receive as much immediate benefit
from the system, as those ia which the pepula
tsoa is more dewse, bat wo would ask if it
would not bo groat folly to defer the adoption
el the syetsm. because all portions of the State
an net ready-are not ia a situation to re
ceive «q«al benefits from its provisions. Such
, of r *“ oaio l involves the rejoctionof
ail those laws passed for the publie welfare.—
wo *‘ l •*
ull." of moL .V-***!” “ ,ir • cho ° l
Wh7r. ■■ ■P ,r " ,| r Milled
daetnets, where the children are scattered the
sapenetoadent and Mlectmee eonld have them
taught from one to two or three month. ..
the different sections of ths district. u g the ' n
by accommodate all The supposed diScehy
in prooaring teachers is made an objecix a
the eotabi shaaent of this eyetow. Thia io s mat
ter to which too much importance cannot be
Mtaebcd revolving the number that will bo von-,
te echos t for good schools will secats ba atteo
daase of thousands over the present schco’s
—it ia paramount to othereeasideration
if those to wham the whole people of the
•rate are to entrust the training and inatrne
Mu of their children, be net qualified at I. art
for the instruction in all the branches usually
taught ru public scAoola, any system of educe,
tree would be a lailoro. Mon of aufieaeatat
taniaaouts to 'each tho children road.-eg, wr,
lug and arithmetic with geograohy, can t>, scu
lp obtained—bat they should be ot the Mme
men of undoubted moral character m
that the yontho of tbo country, at the ansae
that their beads are enlightened with
knowledge, may be trained to virtue, prepared |
in their hearts aud heads to be useful to
the State, and their fellow men, and to know ;
that within their own breasts are all the foun
ta nsof Happiness—fed by the spring cf intel- |
ligence and virtue. But what are the resources
of the State, in regard to this matter. We as
sert without boasting, that t®i no State tn the
Union are the higher «nd mtddltng classes bet- ,
ter educated than they are tn the State of
this day- Besides our “ State Uni
vnraitv ” now realising the fondest hopes of its
founders sad friends, wo have a college under 1
the «upa» in, * ndaDC ’ of aach ofthe three great
religious denominations in the State, all of
them bolding out liberal offers to such young
men as are not able without assistance to ob
tain an education, sending out annually hun
dreds of young men to ba blessings to society,
who, though taught in religious denomination
al institutions, are not made bigots—are re
quired to sign no articles of faith, but are in
structed in the great fundamental principles of
religion, common to all Christians. Hundreds
of young men aro annually educated in Go n
gis, qualified to enter our academies and com
mon schools as teachers, and who would have
failed in obtaining an education without the
establishment of our denominational colleges. ■
They well deserve the patronage of an en
lightened people. Besides, wo bave “ High I
Schools” in nearly every section, under able
and efficient teachers, and the Slate is check
ered with county academies, the larger por
tion of which are well patronixed and ably
conducted.
Wo cannot doubt but that from these vari
oas sources a largo number of teachers (edu
cated hero among us.) which is sn important
consideration, might bo obtained, particularly
in the now crowded condition of what are
termed the “ learned professions.” And then
there ere our many “female colleges” with
their fifteen hundred students, if proper in
ducements are held out, hundreds of excellent
teachers may bo found among them. Although
we have mentioned this great leaource last, it
is by no moans the least —no —what a wonder
fol moral and intellectual change must follow
the education of our daughters—the fu nre
mothers of the country, the radiant cen'res of
social circles. What now lights to happiness,
to intelligence and virtue, will break uponour
State. The present sentiments, the highest ra
tional enjoyments, and all the great wells of hu
man bliss, are alone te bo found in the family
circle, where modest, virtuous, pious and intel
ligent wossan presides—nor children grown
net up in ignorance, but contented al home,
' they experience intellectual enjoyments, which,
: even poverty esnnot invade nor take away.—
The moot approved plan of procuring quali
fied teachers, is the “normal schools.” We
hardly think that it will be indispensably ne
cessary te resort to them, seeing that we have
such groat resources for a duo supply; we
will simply sngges that our Colleges can be
need as subslilutes for such schools, by estab
lishing in each a department for the education
of teachers. It eannot be urged as an oojec
' tion to this system, that it will interfere with
’ our icademies and colleges, for they will work
’ well together, the oomman schools serving as
feeders to them, and they, in their turn, furn
i isbing the necessary teachers, thus making
their advantages and obligations, equal and re
ciprocal. Ths failure of the law of 1837, pur
i porting to establish common schools, eannot
i tn truth bo urged as an objee ion to their es
j tablishment now. For the law reported at that
, limo Io the Legislators, was never adopted nn
’ til it was so modified and so many of i s essen
tial provisions stricken out, that the friends
, and framers of the original bill had no confi
donee in its usefulness, and the law of ’3B
I gave ns a new system, allowing no lime to test
even the bill as passed in 1837, relative to
common school,. And besides, the condition
_ r /te • • ti_ ■ ■
of Georgia has materially changed since that
time ; her population has become more dense;
horresoureos are vastly more ample, and theie
ia so much more interest felt in the subjee of
general education.
But the question is asked in objection,
where are ths means, and how are they to be
obtained ! This matter was very properly
referred by the Convention to the Legi-lature,
for on their wisdom and liberality every thing
at last depends. We would however respect
felly offer a few remarks on this subject.
In most of the States there is a permanent
school fund the interest of which only is ex
pended annually; generally thio fund
is insufficient, and the balance is rais
ed either by a state tax for that purpose,
or by requiring each town or county to raise
a certain amount to entitle them to their dis
tributive share of the education fund of the
State. In tbe State of Connecticut the fund
set apart yields an amount sufficient to meet all
the wants of education. In Maine and Now
Hampshire, where they have no permanent
fund, the necessary amount is raised annually
by taxation upon the whole State, which is evi
dently the most equitable plan.—Be not alarm
ed at the idea of taxation, for we assort that
there is scarcely a county in the State, in
which there ia not more money expended at
this >imo, than would be required to sustain
within its limits, the sebool system which we
are recommending. The State of Georgia, by
her legislature, at different periodo, has appro
priated, as an educational fund, (exclusire
of specific appropriations to different coun
ties) more than one million of dollars in Bank
stock—including one third of the surplus rev
enue received from the treasury of the United
Sistas, which was throe hundred and fifty
thousand three hundred and thirty throe dol
lars.
Ofallthis vast amount, in 1843, there remain
- sd only $202,000 in Bank Stock, which at this
Ums constitutes the Htsia edOCauenat fund.
The interest upon which, about >20,000, is
distributed through the State for the benefit of
the poor children. Ao far back as 1836, forty
thousand dollars were annually distributed for
this purpose. It is very pertinent to the sub
joetthatwo enquire what has become of these
liberal appropriations. Except the loss by the
"Darien Bank," the whole amount, "sur
plus revenue," and all, has been expended in
constructing the Western and Atluntic Rad
Road. So that is evident, that ia stiict justice,
the cause of education baa a loin upon the
State Road, and should the State determine to
sell it or any part thereof, the amount of the
sale, after discharging her liabilities, should be
made a permanent school fund. We are far
from recommending that policy—an opinion
upon that enbjoot ia not within our duly. But
wo will cay that when that great wotk, of
which the Stats may well be proud, is perfect
ed, and all the connections are completed, un
der good management, it will yield a net rev
onae ample and sufficient to sustain a "system
of common schools ” as perfect and efficient
as ean be found in the Union.
The plan of educating all fbe children of
proper ago, al common schools, free of charge, /
must commend itself to all elaaaes; bat most
> especially, le thoso who cannot spare both the
r labor of their children, and the money neces
sary for their instruction. The larger portion
of the children of the State, besides the advau
lag** of education, bavo money and family in
fiaaaeo to raise them to distinction among
their follows. The only chance for the poor
boy io to educate him, and ho may rise to dis
tinotion by hie intelligence and worth. The
many distinguiiheo instances of thia fact can
not have failed to attract your attention; and
every reflecting poor man must feel that his
sons may bo distinguished, if they are educa
■ ted, intelligent and virtuous. Far be it from
I us to excite the envy or ths prejudice of the
• poor against tho rieh; wo would rather extin
guieh IhoM hateful footings, for by educating
the poor—by increasing their intelligence, and
, improving their condition, wo would remove
all temptation to tho exoreiM of ouch feelings.
In this very short and plain address, only
teaching tho important points of tho subject,
we think wo have clearly shown that the edu
cation of tbo children of the State, is ehame
: fully neglected, and csnseqsently, that there is
I a groat necessity of some action by the legis
lature that may wipeout the reproach. Wo
may safely estimate the number of the children
in the Stale net attending school, st from
twenty five te thirty thouMnd, and this esti
mate is not confined te tbo poor, for there are
thousands of children whow parents are able
to pay for their instruction, who never enter a
school bouse. Education to be universal must
be free.
Fellow Citisens. wo bavo but imperfectly
, performed the duty impoeod by the Conven
tion, but this great subject wifi be up before
youagain,wbsn wo hope more light will be
»f thrown upon it. The Judges of the Supreme
is Court were appointed a committee to draft a
n bill to be praMnied to the next Legislature
■y the wisdom of tbo Mloetion you cannot doubt.
>• A mere competent committee could not be se
•' looted; end from their high character and ele
' rated position, from their acquaintance with
£ the wants of the State and tho deep interest
(i which they take ia thiesubject, and the gener
ic al welfare of tho people—we anticipate that
i- their action in thio matter will command, as it
d will dosorvo, the respect, attention and oonsid
it oration of the Legislature, and of the people of
n Georgia.
f Year State is called tho model—the *■ Em
pire State of the South ’’—and when we look
• at her long lino of Kail Reade, her Colleges
and Seminaries, and her busy Factories, wo
’ f feel with pridefthat she has oarnod and deserves
tho appellation—but our pride io humbled
’ whoa wo reflect how many of her children are
growing up in ignorance. Wo greatly tear
’ the number b increasing. Should vou not
than arouse and demand of vour legislators
action upon this matter f Ask of them, how
is thio f Do not bo put of with the paltry ex
’ cuso that tho means are waatmg. A people
, poMsssmg three hundred millions of taxable
I property cannot leek tbo moass o aoeompiish
I **7 F M < undertaking. And if you are tn sa
ver of action oa thio groat subject (and we
hope and fool that you are) we My to yon in
conclusion, profit by the experience of the
wwest and boot informed individuals and the
Legislatures of wore than two thirds of tbo
States—and establish "common schools.”
Under this system, education io moro general
and uioful. Ifyou desire that the youih of the
country shall bo prepared te take their places
ia society, tho future Legislators of the coun
try, and if you bobovo that the wisdom of our
laws and their faithful execution, the blMsmgs
••cured by well regulated government, the
greatness of our country and tbo permanency
of our institutions, depend upon the iatelli
gooce and virtue of tho people, establish
" Common Sohoois.” Every consideration of
pubie policy and benevolence, a proper regard
for the bappmow el our people, the honor
end the greataow of tho Slate, require the ,
abolivhmg every odious distineiien, we should
Mueate all ear obi droo Yoe have lbs right
* the iegbieture, and wo de-
** •' in behalf of the children of tho
’“••• Davin A. Kszsa.
Alosso Cuvneu.
G sonea F. Puses,
The brig Arcuj, (of CUriw-oo) Capt. Kite.
*mr * f'*M i*• Chariseton vith I
dnTtet f *■* P°» 7-<«-
weather. Tbo brig
1 XjLju W j&JbtLJL X
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WEEKLY PAPER "
AUGUSTA, GA.;
WEDNESDAY MORNING,-... OCT. 23.
SAMUEL BARNETT, Associate Editor
The Relation of Georgia to National
Parties.
Nxituxr party in Georgia so much as pro
fesses now to be part of either of the two
[great parties which have hitherto divided the
nation.
To explain and vindicate the attitude to
wards national parties which the Constitutional
Union party has assumed, is our present
object. This attituda will be found, express
ed tn the language of the Convention itself,
in another column. It will be seen, that the
Constitutional Union party express their
readiness “to extend the right hand of fellow
ship to the patriots of all parts of the Union,
and of all political parties who agree with us
upon these fundamental principles,” (the
principles set forth by the Georgia Conven
tion, of 1850,) and to assist in securing their
supremacy “throughout the whole extent of
the Republic.”
Tho above language, it will be seen, doos
not commit the Union party to either of the
national parties. It does not commit it agaitut
either.
The course of the party in relation to
national organizations, is clear and open. If
either national organization is based upon
the principles set forth in the Georgia Plat
form, the Union party can and will give it a
hearty support. In order to exhaust the sup
positions possible to be made in relation to
national parties, if both national parties should
affirm those principles, then the organization
of the Union party would have subserved its
purpose, and be no longer necessary. On
the remaining supposition, if neither affirms
those principles, the Union party is distinctly
pledged to hold itself aloof from both.
Georgia will not be satisfied with a silent
candidate for the Presidency, or with a nation
al organization silent on the point of adher
ence to the Compromise. Either national
organization to secure the eo-operation of
the Union parly must epeak upon this point.
Itwasnotm.de by the Georgia Convemion
in a spirit of bravado. It was regarded as
necessary to the preservation and the vales of
the Union. It contains principles she will
not compromise, and on the possibility of
maintaining which, depends the possibility of
maintaining the Union.
Georgia accepted the Compromise as "a
permanent adjustment of ibis sectional con
troversy." The great principles on wl.ich it
wee founded, and which secured her assent to
it, were to be found not merely in the acts
done by Congress, but in the acts refused to
be done. In addition to the mature conside
ration of the acta passed by Congress, she
considered, "as connected with them, the rejec.
tion of propositions to exclude slavery from
the Mexican Territories, and to abolish it in
the District of Columbia.” Some of the
principles set forth in the 4th resolution, to wit:
Ist. Opposition to certain action in the
District of Columbia, &a.
2d. Or to any refusal to admit a State be
cause of its toleration of slavery.
31. Or to slavery prohibition in the Terri
tories.
4th. Or to any material modification of the
Fugitive Slave Law, were considered as
decided by the Compromise.
The last Congress did refuse to abolish
slavery in the District—did incorporate in the
Territorial bills, a provision recognizing their
right to come in, with or without slavery—did
refuse to prohibit slavery in the Territories—
and did pass the Fugitive Slave Law, with its
present degree of efficiency. The principles
involved in this action, and in this refusal to
aet, are embraced in the Compromise, which
Compromise must be avowed by any national
party organisation, to secure the support of
the Union party of Georgia.
In relation to the suppression of the Slave
Tbado between the States—the remaining
point in the fourth resolution—it was not em
braced among the matters settled by the lata
Compromise. The position of Georgia is
decided and unequivocal upon it. The points
actually settled, are those contained in the Com
promise—directly or negatively passed upon.
On adherence to this as a permanent settle
ment, the Union parly of Georgia does require
tests.
The platform of the Constitutional Union
party was not less firm and decided io the
stand it assumed for Southern Rights, than in
that it took for the Union. Its action will not
be leas decided than its words. The senseless
charges of consolidation—of the surrender of
Slate rightsand Southern rights—will be bran
ded with apparent falsehood, and the party
vindicated by its conduct from all aspersions
upon its candor and good faith, in setting forth
its claims from the Federal Government.
I Bo much for the actual course which Geor
gia, in order to be consistent with her avowed
faith, must and will pursue. In vindication oi
the policy thus determined on, nothing, it
would seem at first sight, need be said to ike
doslA. We look, however, for virulent
attacks upon it from certain quarters. We
shall just now, however, remain silent as to
any objections coming from the South, and
mention only such arguments as are calenlated
I to meet objections at the North.
1 The determination of the body of men who
i composed the Georgia Convention, to cut loose
, from national parlies, was not a sudden, on
■ considered whim, but a movement founded
I upon long sighted policy. The founders of
the Constitutional Union party were the bond
ers of the Georgia Platform.
The very body of men who represented the
State in Convention, with unexampled una
nimity, resolved to form a party upon tho
i principles set forth in that platform. The
wisdom of their decision in relation to the
i then pending question was not greater than
that displayed io the bold and firm attitude as
anmed in relation to the national aspect of the
1 question, as it would ultimately rise before the
country for a national solution. The policy
determined on is capable of being maintained
as correct in principle, sagacious and proper
in practice, as well before the entire country as
before the opposing party in the State.
Fanaticism at the North took body in the
r—-1- 51..11.: _ 1•.
b form of an Abolition or a Free .-soil party,
a Distinct in some respects. Abolition and free
- aoil were but phases of lhe same fanatical op
l - position to slavery. The Free Soil party >n
eluded the Abolition party, which formed its
h extreme wing.
1 Thia party was a mere parasite, gathering its
' nutriment from the great National Whig and
l Democratic parlies. It soon, however, attain
ed the dignity of a third estate in the country,
f ard holding the balance of power between the
other parties, received lhe addresies of boih.
’ The Whig party, as the resalt, has been oor
, rnpted to agreater extent than the Democratic,
s but neither is sound.
[ The effect of the policy ol Georgia—which
lia the true policy of the Sooth—is to compel
r one party or the other to purge itself of the
‘ aoolition element—or to compel a re-orgsniza
lion into two parties, one of which shall con
tain the sound material of both the present
i parlies. There is no other mode in which a
' balance-of-power party can be overthrown.
Its whole etrengrh consists in the power to
shill between twoorganixaiions which make no
national teats against it—but whose local organ
izations pander to its tastes to get iu aid.
Make national tests on slavery, and free soi]
dies. Its nutriment is gone Let these tests
be such as the Union party proposes—truly
national and catholic—asking only what the
united voice of the South will demand, and
what no just man at the North can refuse—and
the monster, free soil, will perish—or tho sol
emn question referred to by the Georgia Con.
vention, whether ‘-law is potent for lhe protec
tion of right, clearly defined and solemnly
guarantied by a written censtitntion I" win
have been decided in the negative, and “the
szyertsuni (of free government,) have failtd.”
We do noteonaider the policy of tho Union
party simply the best—bat the o r.lg policy which
can eradicate the poison of Free Soilism from
our political system. It is to compel both par
ties te repudiate it—or one to swallow it. No
longer lot it be a third estate, but draw jaars
which will throw it into one or theother of the
National parties, if h cannot be expelled from
both. When dearly incorporated into one
party organization, the united South, and the
sound portion of ’he North will incorporate
tbamMlvjs with the other. If this combination
cannot conquer it, then abolitionism is strong
er than toe Union. But it can and will central
it. ]
South Carolina Election.
From the returns received, it is quite p oba
ble the secessionists hive been defeated in
every Congressional District in the Stete. In
Charleston tho majority was 1,436, and that
the State has gone overwhelmingly against
the wild and visionary schemes of the malcon
tents. there can be no doubt. Hence secession
has found a grave, even in South Carolira, the
land of its birth, and among a people who huz
zaed most lustily for the rickety, crazy bantling
during its brief existence. Peace to it, and
we might add to the perturbed spirits, who, in
the msdness of folly, have attempted to seduce
an intelligent people into its support, but we
perceive by the Charleston Mercury of yeoter
day, that it proposes in the face of this defeat to
renew agi'ation, and insists that “thio election
was practically of no moment, and decides
nothing, as it was notorious, the Congress
would never meet I” Then why enter tho
lists in the canvass ? If nothing was to be de
cided, why all the fuse and parade prior to the
election T But the Southern ultraists, like the
Northern fanatics, can only live by agitation—
it is their vocation, and a sagacious people will
not be long in detecting them, or placing upon
them the seal of their condemnation. Tho hand
writing ia already on the wall, and the agitators
themselves will, ere long, .be forced to read it
and pronounce their own irrevocable fate.
Negro Mechanics.
A counter view of tho questions involved
in determining tho expediency of any legisla
tion against Negro mechanics, would require
the inquirer to go below the ourfaco, and have
come insight into political economy. Political
economy, which is but the application of en
larged common sense, rectified by experience,
to the mode of dealing with National wealth,
and promoting National prosperity, teaches
that the effects of a given change often reach
vastly farther than would be anticipated. The
effect, for example, of labor-saving machinery
is not to diminish, but frequently vastly to
en'arge, the amount of labor of the particular
sort it expedites. This results in part from tho
diminution of price and consequent enlarge
ment of consumption. A familiar example
has been often quoted illustrating the princi
ple. Before tho invention of printing, seve
ral hundtods, say some thousands of manu
script writers made their living by their pens.
The printing press was invented. Their
occupat'on was gone. But now many thou
sands, nay, lens and hundreds of thousands of
man are engaged in the work of printieg—
making type —making paper—making presses
—b nding books and various other collateral
I works. The number of men engeged in
p me-oly directing newspapers from the offices
of publication to subscribers, io probably great
er than tho entire number of copyists, prior
i to the change. Au impulse was given to a
half dozen other occupations—or rather, as
I many new ones became necessary. Now the
r supply is vastly enhanced. Every one has
' books and papers. The alteration has been
not more favorable to the wor'd at large, than
to the cluses who labor to gratify the tastes of
the world.
A like difference may obtain in many other
matters between anticipated and actual results.
One efleet of the prohibition of Negro me
chanics would probably bo the introduction of
vastly more foreign labor. The effect of this
might be to keep dowa prices te the present
level, by the competition of a elaas of per
sons accustomed te an inferior mode of liv
ing. If, indeed, the effect would bo to elevate
the price of articles manufactured, the legis
lation would oporate injustice upon the par
ties who purckuo and consume rush articles.
Or if the legislation extended to the protoe'ion
of all classes, there would exist a mere tension
—a legislative restrietion—burdening all class
es and benefitting none. If Negro labor
employed in manufactures enlarges the
product, or the quality of the work, or dimin
ishes its price, then is it nr just to the rest of
the community to deprive them of the bene
fits thence accruing, nnleu some compensat
ing advantage io given. If thio be given, it is
not at the expense of themselves, but of the
protected clue. Thon, the protection is
counterbalanced by an equivalent disadran
i tage, and government has interfered without
i benefit to any one. We are much in favor of
non-intervention in moot matters on the part
of government. Its sphere is, and ought to
I be, as limited as possible.
The exclusion of Negro labor certainly
abstracts the mechanic's cb.ef chance to rias
in wealth, which is by the purchase of Negroes
’ ana teaeningvMui wwaue. rsttiiik.
by which the vast majority of such as attain
i wealth have arrived at it.
False ideas are entertained by many as to
what is ea'led a degrading association with
Negroes. There is no degradation whatever,
in doing the like labor with a slave, no more
than there is degradation in eating because
slaves eat, or in wearing clothes boos use
slaves wear them. True degradation would
consist in selecting them as companions. No
one considers kis wife degraded by sitting at
her sewing in the same room with her Negro
seamstresses. Many a former—and a wealthy
one too —has his son spend a part of his
vacations in the field, at work with his bands.
Honest labor io incapable of degradation.
Wo have reason to believe that higher orders
of intelligences than our race do not spend
their time in idleness and vacuity.
Any legislative restrietion cannot bo bene
ficial te white mechanics, without being nnjust
as well te slave owners as te the consumers of
if manufactured articles. Indeed, it might be
it injurious neither to white mechanics nor to
* tho consumer, and yet prejudicial to the slave
1 owner. If the mechanical tradae were not
» profitable, slaves wonld not be employed at
* thorn. There are ohoeka against the oxeeoeivo
1 employment of slave labor to be found in tho
1 apprenticeship necessary to bo served (during
a time of life, at which, the slave would be
o profitable) and in tho inferior intelligence and
e aptnesa of tho slave. These cheeks have been
i_ furnished by nature. If legislation interferes,
j snd the principle of interference is once
f established, we see no necessary limit in the
- principle, short of banishing slave lebor alto
gether. If there be degradation in wielding a
e hammer, because slaves wield hammers, we
cannot see why there should be such a diffe-
I” •
a rence between a hammer and an axe, or a hoe,
a as to do away with the degradation. The
a truth is, that if the laboring in a like way be a
R degradation, then lhe feet that the white man
labors at all as wsll as the Negro, is degrading
, to the former. There is no limit except tho
B entire abolition of tho one or the other. Ne
y gro labor would, therefore, hare to be abolish
j ed entirely, byway of dignifying white labor,
r or the latter be done away with, to avoid tho
* contamination of slave labor.
Tho principle is wrong, and tho degrada
tion exists only in the ease <we bavo already
’ stated, of the choice of negroes as comp anions.
’ As *o the danger of insurrections, one of tho
arguments against allowing negroes Io learn
trades, the is a danger shared by all elaases,
* and which will, when it becomes al all consid
erable, attract general attention, and give rise
* to the application of some preventive. There
1 is no peculiar cause for alarm oa this subject
*- —1
al the preaaat lima, so far a* we are informed.
On the whole, we should regard any legis-
* lation restrictive of the right* of slaveholders,
uanaoeaeary to others, and iajnrioue to them.
It could net benefit Meeh ante* a aloe* by in-
• jaring others; and we do not believe that it
would benefit tk»m. We believe it would ba
an unwise and untimely movement of govern
ment. Wa ny thia, not with the smallest feel
ing against meehaniea. We believe we are
advocating their true interact. No movement
on their part » neooeeary to make na believe
labor ae reepeetabla, and honorable na it is
useful. The plan of associating themselves
in club* or Mcietiee might prove a neefol anx
iliary in the faciliUM it will afford for the ex
change of information. We have eimply de
signed a discussion es the effects of legislation,
not npon the interests es mschemes only, but
upon those of all classes interested The
question of policy baa been briefly dwcassod,
witboat any imputation npon the motive of
those who advocate a change and restriction
of onr present policy.
Missmtrri.—The Secessionists, as our
readers are aware, wore completely rented in
the late election in Mississippi for members of
the Bute Convention. Tbe Tieltebnrg IFJig
says all the return* are now in, and it is ascer
tained that the Union mon have elected 83
members, and the Secessionists 17. This is
surely majority enough to settle the matter.
Tua Kossvvu Peso.—The Mayor of Now
York received on Tuesday a telagrahic dis
patch f-om Cincinnati, informing him that J.
3 mead. Esq., es that city had contributed fl.
000 to the Kossuth Fund. Professor Ander'
eon was Is have given a performance last
night, at Tripier's Hall, the entire proceeds of
which are to be devoted to the same purpose.
Srnacvsx Oct. 14.—1 n obedience tn orders
issued by tbe Federal Government, warrants
pave been gotten out against Mme of the most
hromioeat eumens of this place, for alleged
participation in thq recent rescue of a fugitive
slave.
Ax election took place throughout South 1
Caroline on Monday and Tuerday, for dele- ■
gates tea “Southern Congress”—it should be
called a South Carolina Congreee, as no other
Stete hes thought of sending a represertation,
or at least mado any move toward it. In
Charleston the largest vote ever given in the
city was polled, and It is conceded on al henli
that the Secessionists are beaten horse, foot and
draggoons The Standard claims a thousand
majority for the Co-operation party. The
Mercury thus chronicles the result:
“ Tua Etiorion.—Wo publish below such of the
returns of the election as bave reached us. It will
be perceived by the table of the city election that the
vote ie the largest ever polls 1. The result, although
not officially known, Is sufficiently well ascertained
Tbs Co-operationists have given to their ticket a large
majority, and though it will bo diminished by the
Parishes, it cannot be overcome. This result causes
os no surprise, and it will cause none in the State al
large. The indications were too distinct, that the
controlling interests of trade bed thrown tbeir de
cisive power against the separate action of the Slate,
to allow any experienced politician much room to
hope that, lor the present, Charleston could be
brought to sustain that messore. We profoundly
regret this result, because we are convinced that
with the State, united the act of secession would bo
as simple and peaceful a measure in execution as
any ordinary measure of legir lotion ; and wears
equally convinced that South Carolina, aa an inde
pendent State would have a prosperity far beyond
any thing eha hie heretofore enjoyed, and a respec
tability that no slaveholding State eln •’ er *B* in
1 enjoy in the Union.”
We have little doubt that the co -operation
party have carried the State by a decided ma
jority; if so, it puts a quietus to Secession till
the malcontents of that State ahall trump up
1 some other imaginary cause for the exercise of
this sovereign panacea.
1 A few days will give ■■ the complete re-
* turns.
The A<vlenltwi «l Fate.
Wx take pleasure in calling the atten'ion of
’ the public to the advertisement of the Georgia
’ Railroad, proposing to transport passengers to
' tho Agricultural Fair at aeon, and to express
’ the hope that a large nqgibor of the planters
will avail themselves of bhe opportunity to be
prevent.
’ These Fairs aro among tho meet efficient
r means for developing tho resources of our
* groat and growing'.Stato, and ne trie Georgian
who feels a just pride in the rapid progress
which tho Stete is making in her onward march
te greatness, should fail to give them hie earn-
h oct and nealons support.
This is emphatically the ago of progress and
'* improvement in Agriculture, Msehaniee, the
r Arts and Seienees, and these planters who ne
l " gleet or emit to avail themselves of the benefit
which these exhibitions are so well calculated,
and will so certainly confer, will as certainly bo
* left behind tn the race. Go, then, all of you,
d and improve yourselves by learning from one
“ another.
t . Advaxoixo tbx Paicx or Cottox.— Some
r of the Southern papers are discussing and
a recommending a scheme for enhancing the
, valueof cotton. The plan is to form a eom-
B pauy, with a capital of >20,000,000, to re
( eeive all the cotton produced in the United
n States and sell it, guaranteeing to the owner
Q eleven cents a pound, and withholding it from
. I . I_ _ A MM* LmMKM MM A a * -11 l —— A L. M. ** M. Al* aS
f the market whenever it will not bring that
price. The Southern Fresa comments thus
r upon the scheme :
The project is utterly visionary and imprsetiea
■ ble. Tbs attempt would break any aueb company,
If it could be formed, and would ultima cly injure
- the price of cotton instead of advancing it.
The produeiion of cotton is like that of every
1 thiug else. It ia, or will be, limi ed by the com
t penfation it pays for ibo capital and skill invested.
And no device has ever yet been found to secure a
definite profit to any business. It would be as wire
to attempt to rog-ilsla the seasons, and to insure
, agaiaal tbs army woim, rainy weather, and early
frosts.
There is a prevalent but mistaken notion, that the
• prise of cotton is regulated ia England by the bank,
manufactories, or speculators. The thing is impossi
ble. The price is regulated by the demand for the
1 manufactured tsbric all over the world. And such
I is the extent of that demand, and ot the fluctuations
which result from the vieisailodes of nations, that
the j rice of cotton is jibe very thing that no power
r can regulate.
> Such ia the extant, utility and necessity ot co'ton
clothing, lhat the increased demand far cotton is
almost the measure of the natural increase and
' progressive civilisation of the world. And neither
is quite so rapid as the natural inarease of slaves.
As lor cotton lands, they are yet sufisisnlly abun
dant to warrant a supply of cotton equal to the pr>
I bable continuance of modern civilization.
> We are astonished to find ao much practical
i good sense in the Southern Press
t Cowon MancrACTVsxs Dxcasasiao.—The
f following is the number of bales of Cotton manufac
tured par annum in the South:
1 To September, 1849 UOOOObales.
, To September, 1850, •* 107,000 bales*
To September, 1851, ....• 60,000 bales.
Thia is a deplorable result. But it has decreased in
r the North toe:
For the year IBlfl-’SO. 487,000 bales.
1 For the year 186C-'sl 404 000 bales.
I The increase of cotton exported t-> foreign coon
, .trioa.Avar Jaat year, is estimated at 398,555 bales.
This is not tMbgbnK «a<v»aee. «r. u . prosfuwUy -z
1 cot tan manufacture tn thio United States. —Alabama
paper.
t Wa presame the States of North Carolina,
| Virginia and Maryland are included in the
above estimate. Otherwise we are satisfied
i the statistics are not reliable, for we feel con
, fident that the Cotton growing States are now
, manufacturing more Cotton than at any for-
I mor period. The number of Factories are
, greater than oner before, (and rapidly increaa
t ing) end we think, generally, they have kept
, their machinery employed, notwithstanding
the high prices of Cotton. So far, therefore,
, as the Cotton growing S.ates are concerned,
there has not, in our opinion, been any dirninu
, tion, but an actual increase of the quantity of
, Co ton mtnufaetured during the past year.
I Thio is as it should bs. Lot our planters
invest the surplus of a single crop of cotton in
machinery for the manufacture of cotton into
( yarns and cloths, instead of purchasing mere
f land and negroes to make more cotton, and
tho North would very soon bo taught a lesion
, she would notseon forget, and instead of med
, filing in our domestic affairs, would learn to
t attend to her own businsM.
I There io no reason why the South should
, not spin her own Cotton and export the
, yarns and sloths, thus resping all the bene
fits of the manufacture. Indeed there is every
, reason connected with her own interest and
i lhe prosperity of her people, why she should
, do so; and the sooner she commences the
work the better.
South Carolina KleeliM.
The returns es the late election ia South
Careliaa for delegates to tho Southern Con.
gross are very near eomploto, and show that ia
' a vote of apwexdsof 40,000 the Co-operation
majority ia 8.C76.
This result briap fresh le our reoolloetion
the prophetic spirit exhibited by tho disunion
organs in Georgia during tho recent eanvaM,
when with a view to help their oinking for
tunes, they Mught to eateh a few erodalous
vetoraby parauading them, “if Coss was elec
ted ia Georgia, South Carolina would imme"
diatoly secede !”
What now will bo thought of the prophets
and their prediction I Cobb has boon si soled
by over 18,000 majority—tho news was sprsad
throughoat South Carol iaa, and le I that State
has repudiated Seceasion and the •oeossioa
ists by over 8,000 vetos I
Indeed tho Soeessientat, have only carried a
singleeengrswioal district ia tho State. What
a triumph es liberty, the eenstitetien aad tho
Union I
DsraLoariOM.—The Nashville Sansar Os
the 18th ia»t cays; Having heard ia the
Mme rumor of a defalcation by the Teller in
the Bank of TonneoMe, wo have made inquiry
into the matter, and learn the faas to bo, that
a the quarterly examination at tho Bank, on
bo let of Oatobor. the each aeeount of Mr.
t Ruin, tho Toller, was found to bo short be
wis* mvsu and eight thousand dollars, end
that npon farther invoetigatien, sundry errors
or omissions of entry wore discovered, by
, which tbe amount will bo ran up to some
t twelve or fifteen thousand dollars.
Tho Bank will saotain no loos—his securities
, being amply able to repay largely more than
, tho amount. He has convoyed to his securi
ties his whole property, indemnifying them as
far M it will go.
Wo have loaned these facts with deep re
gret. Wo have ftlt for Mr. Rsiu much per
sona! respect; wo sympathise with his largo
and helpless family. Having been Teller of
tbe Bank from its commencement, and enjoy
' od a high reputation as a business man, wo
cannot bat regret that ho eboald, at an ad
vanced period in life, become so Mriously in
volved.
Tan Gnxav Exhisitios. —The editor of the
Now York Tribune, who Mrved on one es the
Juries of tho Groat Industrial Exhibition in
London, has published a notice of tho Prizes
awarded, so far as they Mme within his knowl
edge. ThoM prises were es two kinds, tho
Jury Medals, awarded by tho juries to the MV
ernl articles es merit exhibited is their Mveral
classes, aad the Council Medals, given by the
Council es Preeidentu es the juries. Os tbe
latter there wore to be in all but ICT, which
wore to bo distributed among the Mveral na
lions, thus:
To Groat Britain 79; to Germany 19; to
Austria 4; to Belgium Jj to Tuscany 2; to
Spain 1; to Franco 58; to United State* 5;
to Russia 3 ; to Bwluurlaad 2; to Holland 2;
to Rome 1; to Turkey 1.
The following are tbe awards ofthe five
which worn to be given to the United otataa •
To C. H. MeCormiek, es Chicago, Winoie,
for hm Virginia Reaper.
To David Dick, MeadviUo, Western Pou t
■jlvami, for hi* Anti-Frletion Prew.
| To Charles Goodyear, New Haven, Conn.,
(or his India Rubber Fabrics.
'1 o W. Boaddc. Son, Boston, Mass., for an
Electrio Clock.
To Gael Borden, Texas, for his Meat Bis
cuit.
Os the Jury Medals, it is stated that about
t.OCO wore to ba awarded, of which 1H pro
bably would oome to the United States. In the
class of General Hardware, including locks
and grates, the following were the Americans
who received Jury Medals:
To Day <fc Nowell, New York, (represented
by A. C. Hobbs,) for their Parantoptic Bank
Lock.
To W. Adans & Co., Boston, for their
Combination Bank Lock.
To McGregor & Lee, Cincinnati, for their
Improved Bask Lock.
To G. A. Arrowsmith, New York, for Jen
nings\Permutation Lock.
To Charles Howland, New York, for his
Improved Bell Telegraph.
To Cornelius dk Co., Philadelphia, for a
Bronxo Chandelier.
To Silas C. Herring, New York, for his
Salamander »afo.
To Chilson, Biebardson Co., Boston, for
i Furnaces and Stoves.
Tax Svbmarinb Tilibrapb.—The latest
I London papers give an interesting descript on
’ of the progress which has been made in laying
down the immense coil of telegraphic wires
i enclosed in a gutta percha tube, which bad
been prepared for forming the connexion ®f
I tho telegraphic lines extending throughout the
, European Continent, with those of Great
f Britain, from Dover ta Calais. At 10 o'clock
enthe evening of the2sih, the submarine tele
graph was laid to within three miles of the
French coast, and was in actual operation, be.
tween tho steamer Blaser, which was employ
ed in depositing the wire, and London. The
following extract from a letter of the above
dates desaribes the process t
“The vessels arrived off the South Fareland at
half-past six o’clock. The sun rose brilliantly, and
exaotlyat 7, the end of the cable was landed, Mr.
John,W. BraK Mr. Hnteheson, and ether gentle
men aoecapabyieg it to watch progress and keep
up a com nunicalion at regular intervals from the
toast tbroof b the several wires of ths cable as it
progressed in its onward course to France. At 9
•’elook, when about five miles from land, a /ue da
i Joie was fired from the extreme end of twenty five
miles of wire to the land, being a sort of electrical
cannonade, nbich was kept up from time to time,
> amid the vivas and huxzas of the several parties en
. gaged in this useful, and, as regards its future sd
vantages, impoitant enterprise. Several telegraphio
instruments were also moat liberally allowed to be
I attached, in addition to thote cf Messrs. Brett, the
s triginal prejaeters «»f the submarine telegraph, and
the needle telegraphs of Cook & Wheatstone, under
Mr. Reid, and Messrs. Henley. All had an opper
t tunity of sending communications to and from the
two extreme points during its progress across the
* Channel, in addition to the printing telegraph of
» Mossra. Brott. This was kept up until the vessel,
at 1 e’eloek, was out of sight. Several gentlemen
who witnessed it on this side, crossed by the boat to
Calais, at half-past 2 P. M., to see the landing of
the cable at where by its connection with
the wires at Calais, communications are expected
* to be forwarded direct to Paris. A continuous cor-
I rospendowce is kept up by the different telegraphs,
, and a cannonade, formed by fusees in connexion
with the wires, is kept up at intervals, the werd ‘fire’
being given Horn aide to tide by means of the tele-
* graph, when, by the points of the several wires at
I the terminals being brought in contact, the explosion
instantly takes plao r.”
'I Tiuitlit—Tho Washington Repub'ic
publishes an official statement or the popula
tion, wealth and other statistics of thia pros
perous State. We copy the following :
Recapitulation of the State of I'enneesee.
Dialling Houses in the 5tate129,420
Families in the Statel3o,oos
White male
While females374/23—756,893
Free colored ma1e53,072
Free colored fema.ee3,l99 — 6,271
T0ta1763,164
Deaths during the year 11,759
Farms in cultivation72,7lo
Manufacturing establishments producing 8500
and upwards annually 2,793
51ave5239,461
Federal representative population 906,840
Niw Post Orricxs.—The following offices
have been eatab'ished in Georgia :
Grove, Elbert county, James A. Rumsey, P.
M.
Quinfield, Muscogee county, Allen O'Quin,
P. M.
Vineyard, Irwin county, Thomas Smith, P.
M.
Correopondetue of the Chronicle <f Sentinel.
Wasiixotos Citt, Oet. 15, 1851.
The late election in Georgia, 1 trust, from
the returns received, has been responded to
in Pennsylvania by the defeat of Johnsen.
I think alee, that it does not exhibit much
strength for Gen. Bcott. the eilenl candidate,
in the Keystone State. But I dii not take up
my pea to give you news, or discuss the
merits of any candidate for the Presidency,
bat to show the triumph of truth.
In the Washington Union of this morning
there is a very complimentary notice of Mr.
Cobb.of Gaorula. the Governor eiaci, tu wmon
every friend es that gentleman will respond.
Bat, at the same time, I have no confidence in
the sincerity of the editor, for at first, when
ho thought the whole Democratic party of
Georgia, would support McDonald, he gave
M r. Cobb bat a lukewarm, and that conditional,
aupport. Besides, the same paper, io another
article, charges "the Whigs of Virginia and
the Whigs es the whole South, as attempting
to nso, or rather abuse, the patriotic impulses
of the people." if Mr. Douelson really
thinks so of the Georgia Whigs, be exhibits
het little sagacity in praising a triumph in
whieh they shared largely and which, if ho
t believes, as he asserts, reflects credit upon the
political coarse of Mr. Cobb, attaches with
eqnal credit to these who have sustained him.
* Bat the. triumph of Messrs. Cobb, Stephens
> anJ Toombs, does not consist so much in the
> triumphant approval es their course and the
, large majorities they have received, as the
acknowledgement new, on the partofthose
who differed with them then, that they were
i right from th* beginning
The Union, in the article to which I have
alluded, stye, that he (Mr. Cobb) “opposed
the Beuth*ro address which emanated from
Mr. Calhoun, and outof which may be said to
I have come the Nashville Convention.” Whit
i an admiMion for the Washington Union) just
look over the files of that paper Tor January
and February, 1849, aad see the denuneia.
lions against the Southern Whigs for their
course on that seljeot. ltietrue.it was then
conducted by Mr. Ritchie, but the party
Booth, with the exception of a very few, sae
taiaed that address. And if my recollection
serves mo, in hie paper of the 16ih of Jan
uary, 1849—1 have it not before me and write
from memory—Mr. Ritchie predicted that the
Southern Whigs had dug their grave by their
course. He, so doubt, intended to include
Mr. Cobb and those other Democrats who
refused to sign that address, that Boulter*
address, which now proves, according to the
opinion of Mr. Booeison, the successor of
Air Ritchie, to have been the Father of the
NesAviff* Coawaliaa You will remember
that two addresses were presented to the
meeting of ths Southern members, the one,
1 believe, prepared by Mr. Calhoun, the other
by Mr. Berrien, the former of which was
adopted by a vote exclusively D* moeratie,
with the single exception of Gayle, of Ala
bama. It is also upon the record that Mr.
Stephens,of Georgia, introduced a resolution
to Use effect that it was inexpedient to issue
any addreae to the Southern people. Now
the metropolitan organ perceives what were
the consequences of that address, praise* Mr.
Cobb for bis independent action on that oeoa
•ion, and yet pretends to belicvo that Messrs.
Toombs and Stephens, who were sustained at
that time by Mr Cobb, are attempting “to
nee, or rather abuse, the patriotic impulse* of
the people." Ido not refer to these thing* for
th* purpose of claiming for the Southern
Whig* the exclusive credit of having foreseen
the trouble that that address would bring upon
the Booth, or battling against and successfully
raaisting the evil consequences es that pro
duction, bat to show the unfairnes* of an
, editor, whose view* of patriotism and dzty
never sxtond beyond the idea of appropriat
ing every thing, whether rightfully or wrong
: felly, to hie own party. Bendon, it gives ma
an opportunity of exhibiting the sagacity of
the “triumvirate’' as they are termed by their
enemies, Messrs. Toombs, Cobb and Stephens,
by showing their consistency in this whole
matter.
The Union newspaper, and almost the entire
press of its party South, denounced these
yory men for witbolding their approbation and
signatures from an address, a Saethsm address,
wnieb now, that same paper, which clamors
daily about the National Democracy, aaseiu
produced the Nashville Convention, the object
of which was to dissolve ths Union. Do the
records of the pest present a more complete
triumph es truth or a sore successful vindi
cation of the wisdom of these men, relative
to this subject, from the beginning to the end f
Had Messrs. Cobb, Toombs and Stephens,
yielded to the influences which wore brought
to bear at the time of the issue of the South
ern address, sueh as sectional appeals and
wise predictions of political death, ibis Union
would, in all probability, have beea dissolved.
But wi b the mans csnsein recti, they did their
duty then, and ibeir reward acts is the trium
phant approval by the people, and a confession
es judgment by ibeir opponents. Long may
they live to enjoy that confidence and serve
tboir country with a xeal commensurate with
their ability. “As Osaxavia.”
Lavin mon Four Laatni—Ttxatt wits
rat lantasa —Cmolxxa os thi Urrsa
Muuaairri. — St Loew, Friday. Oct. 18 —Col.
Cowper and Major Chilton arrived here to
day, bringing la tern from the treaty ground.
The treatise with the several Indian tribes
have been finally convoked, and the sreseau
distributed by Cel. Whitehall, who was to
leave for the states on the evening of the
24 h.
Seaia little exci emer.t was produced by the
arrival of an express from the trading ports
on the,Upper Mississippi, advising Col. Mitch
ell es the prevalence of tbeeholora among the
I adieus of that section.
A delegation from die several tribes partici
pating in the treaties are to visit the President
at Washing on, end, it is understood, will ac
company the commissioner to this city.
Two companies of R.fles wars despatched
as an escort, and Maj. Ciulson, with his com
pany of dragoons, earns on jn advance. The
whole party is expected hero the letter part of
next wook.
CcrresfontienulSafannak Republican.
Bt. Aigustinb, (Fla ) Oct 11, 1851.
The trial of the case of (lie Pampero, for
alleged vio'ation of the revenue and neutrality
law., commenced on the 9th On that day the
court merely organized. Tho taking of testi
mony was begun on Friday. Tho first witness
examined was John King, a native of Ireland,
one of the men attached to the expedition, who
departed from Naw Orleans on the Pampero,
and arrived with said vessel at Cuba; but being
taken sick on the voyage, and thereby disa
bled, ha did not land, but returned with the
Pampero to Jacksonville. In the latter town.
King lay some weeks at the point of death
Ho arrived in a very destitute conditicn.'houth
his wants were supplied by the charity of the
ladies of Jacksonville. His testimony before
the Court was very full, and it is thought alone
ample to prove the violation of the Iws He
described the passage of the steamer, herarrival
at Cuba, ard identification of the vessel in
question as the one engaged in the expedition.
King's evidence occupied the whole of Fridry.
Today Col. Titus, also of the expedition,
was called. His evidence as to the reinforce
meat from Jacksonville, and the departure ard
subsequent disbandment of the Pampero par
ty in this region, is full and conclusive, J. C.
Henming and Capt. Thompson of Jackson
ville, occupied the latter part of to day in
giving evidence, which was brief, but to the
same point. The Court adjourned over to
Monday, when testimony will be resumed. It
ia understood that the argument will be post
poned until another silting of the Court. The
claim of Mr. Segur to the Pampero is con
sidered hopeless, and there is no very active
sympathy in his behalf; though tho fact of the
testimomy against him being mainly from those
engaged with him in the expedition, and that
it is alleged bis all of the world’s goods con
• sista in the properly of said vessel, and that a
n.eicl/in L. L._ . L.
decision against him will strip him, while oth
ers have mo*e luckily retained a share of the
Cuba effects, may, independent of any other
considerations, awaken some public intetesl
in his tehalf.
Maj. B. A. Putnam, of this place, and Me
Queen Mclntosh, Esq., are the present coun
sels lor Mr. Segur ; G. M. Call, Esq., District
Attorney, for the United States.
Some fifteen witnesses are eubpoeaa:d—cit
izens of Jacksonville, persons attached to the
Cuba expedition, and others, A commission
has been forwarded to New York to take the
deposition of Lieut. Van Veichen, although
the testimony of King renders it almost super
fluous.
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No account is kept of up Freights, consisting cf
Merchandize, Machinery, <pe.
Mutual Insurance.
Athens, Oct. 10,1851.
Editore Chronicle Sf Sentinel—Gentlemen:—
Tho Southern Mutual Insurance Company
have just been holding their annual meeting
in our town, and have attracted here a large
number of strangers. The affairs of the
Company are in a highly prosperous condition.
The capital stuck now reaches $288,413 94,
< f which about $55 000 is in cash, or in bonds
capable of being converted into cash in twen
ty-four hoes. The company being entirely
mutual, it claims the favor and patronage of
the community, not only on account of its
strength and the liberality of its dealings when
losses occur, but by 'he benevolence of its
objects and the public good it is intended to
promote. The meeting wasquite harmonious
and the Stockholders much pleased with the
report of the Directors.
Give or the Insured.
The Wire of Kossuth,
The New York Etpreeo, in an article on the
expected arrival of Kossuth, relates the follow
ing incident, illustrative of the devotion of his
wife to her busband after being exiled to Tur
key :
With him cemee hie heroic wife, who, after
hie exile eommenced in Turkey, with incredi
ble sacrifices and devoted disregard to a thou
sand dangers, traversed hostile territories, sub
mitted to deprivations and underwent suffer
ings of every kind, joined him at his retreat, by
the foo* of Mount Olympus, it was under the
protection of a passport from the British Con
sul General, at Belgrade, that as British sub
jects, under assumed names, she and her com
panions were enabled to accomplish this great
adventure, and when, on tho twenty-eighth
ai*,--uu,, w , wm sour la or' mem
apprise Kossuth of their approach to Shnmls, —
(he was ill , and on account of the many plans
of the Austrians to asssssinsto him, the Sultui’s
authorities would not allow him leave Shumla
and go te meet bis wife,) the news of her de
liverance and her approach occasioned the
liveliest satisfaction to all tho refugees; and
the Hungarians and Poles went as far as the
gates of the city timed this heroic martyr of
tho cause of Hungary. It was night when the
carriage neared the city; and as it entered the
gates she found the etrees lighted with hun
dreds of lights, gre**n, whi e, end red, the colors
of the Hungarian fl ig, and was welcomed with
tho most friendly shouts from the whole body
of the refugees. And the account from which
wo hare quoted goes on to say :
“When Madams Kossuth descended from
her carriage ahe found herself in the presence
of her hueband, who had risen from his bed of
illness to receive the poor ‘ Maria F n," of
the plains of Hungary. In place of receiving
her in his arms, M. Kossuth, overcome by
feelings of admiration for the sufferings which
his wife had undergone, and by grat tude for
her devotion to the cause of her country,
threw himself at her feet and kissed Item.
She endeavored te speak and offer her bus
i band consolation and tranquility, while her
| own poor feeble heart was ready to bunt with
i enaction. Her voice failed her, and amid the
, reiterated shoots of the Hungarians and Poles,
t this heroic woman was carried to her hus
band’s apartments."
' In our rejoicings, therefore, at the liberation
and th? coming hither of the great patriot, let
us not forget the heroic adventares of his no
ble wife, and let the same interest which the
British Consul at Belgrade, and the united
population of Shumla displayed in her success,
the same respect for her viities, the same joy
st her happiness, br msnifestsd by the fathers
and son*, the brother* and husbands of Ame
rican women.
Feral. Cossiquttxexs or Follt —An oe
. currence, which happened at a young ladies'
seminary in New York, is men.ioned in the
Times of that city, which presents another
proof of the folly of indulging in the thought
les* practice of exempting to frighten others.
Two of the young Isdies in the institution were
engaged in their own room, conversing upon
the seianea of anatomy, in the course of which
one of them proceeded to relate some experi
ence she had formerly acquired in a dissecting
room. Just as the conversation reached this
point, the door of the room opened, and an
other of the inmate* of the seminary entered
with alow and solemn tread, having a white
sheet wrapped about her form, and her face
powdered to perfect whiteness, her jet black
hair, eyes, and browe, presenting a contrast ;
which gave a startling lividoess to her ghost- '
like countenance. The lady who was relating I
her experience, as already stated, is said to be j
mentally superior to any of her classmates,
and no’ed for her strength of mind and free
dom from nervousness and absurd sensibility.
So sudden, however, was the approach of the
figure, ju»t at a moment when her mind was
least prepared for any thing asaocialed with ;
thoughts of the dead, that upon beholding the
apparition she full senseless to the floor, and I
r awoke to the scenes around her only to show
‘ her anxious attendants that reason had fled and
* left sad tokens of the mental wreck. At last
! accounts no change was discoverable in the
distressing symptoms ol the unfortunate girl,
r and there is little encouragement to hope that
■ reason will over resume its seat. '1 his occur-
* ronco, of course, bas produced much distress,
both in the seminary and in the families of the
1 respective parties.
1 ______________
A PsrairixD Henau Boor.—Several streets
' being about to bo opened through the Metho
dist Episcopal grave yard and Light st., extend
ed, a large number of the remains of the dead
have been removed by their relatives and
friends. This week, taking out the coflin of
Mrs. Vansant, a lady who has been dead 17
years, the lid being partially broken in, Mr.
Vansant, the husband of the deceased and the
Shane, who were present, noticed
that the body appeared whole, and on examin
ing it, found that it was petrified as bard as a
stone, and perfect in all its parts, the only
change being that it was neaily black. The
grave was in a wet place, much of the g'ound
being in fact so moist that it is necessary to
bore holes in the sound eoCns in order that the
water may ran out. Wo have beard of rhe
petrifaction of human bodies elsewhere, but
this is the first case that has eome under our
knowledge in this eity or State.—Baltimore
Clippar.
Complrtio* of tkc Grtal Rattia Railway.-
The inauguration of the railway which con
nects Sb Petersburg!! and Moscow took place
on the Ist Sept. Next to the Naw York Erie
road, it is the longest in the world.
The Czar, accompanied by the Empress,
the principal members of the Imperial family,
several foreign Princes, and attended by the
high officers of state end a numerous suite,
quitted St. Petersburgh a 1 six o’clock n the
morning, and arrived at Moscow al half past
eight in the evening. The distance is nearly
five hundred miles.
At the terminus they were received ny the
civic authorities, the regiment of the guards,
and a splendid staff, at tfie bead of which the
Emperor went into the city amid the firing of i
guns and the acclamations of thg people. Ear
ly the next morning the Imperial party, ac
companied by their guests and suite, went in 1
state to the Cathedral, where a solemn thanks
giving was offered The Czar afterwards held I
a grand levee, and io the afternoon reviewed <
the Life Guards. . 1
FOREIGN NEWS. |.
FURTHER BY THE ATLANTIC.
The U S. mail steam ship A lactic arrived
at New York to day, Wednesday, with ono
hundred passengers from Liverpool, which
port she left cn tho Ist inst. She had been
detained forty nine hours by an accident hav
ing occurred to her machinery, and had ex
perienced heavy gales on her passage. The
America, which left Boston on tha 17th ult,
arrived at Liverpool on the 28lh ult.
Cotton, in the Liverpool market, had expe
riencod no chsngo since the departure of the
Asia on the 27th ult-mo, but was steady. The
sales amounted 15000 hales to the trade, and
4000 to speculator! and exporters.
Flour was sixpence higher, and Corn was in
demand, with large sales, at an advance of a
shilling. Wheat had an upward tendency.
Only the good qualities of Sugar were saleable.
Coflee was unchanged.
Trade in Manchester was fiat, and prices
were down. Tho London money market was
very active and improving, though farther fail
ures were expected. The bullion in the
Bank ol England wee increasing daily. Trade
generally, in England, wm reviving. Consols
' had advanced to 90}a 96J
1 The Mtssirsippi with Kossu'h and his com
-1 panions had arrived at Marseilles on the 26th
1 ult., which occasioned great rejoicings there—
-1 the City having boon illumina'ed, &c. He has
sailed for the United State*.
> The Catholic Prelate has isssuod a circular
- counselling resistance to the policy of the
> Government in relation to ths Ecclesiastical
> Titles Bill
s The French papers have been very severe
t on Lord Palmerston’s speech, delivered at
• Tiverton, which town he represents in the
t British House of Commons.
Tha average daily attendance at the Great
Exhibition was sixty-eight thousand.
The excitement tn Madrid relative to Cu
ban affairs, was gradually dying away, the ex
ecution of Lopez having been generally deem
ed satisfactory.
The Aus rian authorities have hun* Kossuth
in effigy at Pestb, Hungary, in the presence of
the troops.
Turkey was on the eve of an important po
litical crisis.
The commercial accounts from India were
more favorable. A great inundation had oc
curred in the Punjaub, which bad destroyed an
immense amount of property.
The steam ship Yacht has arrived, bringing
news from Northern Mexico. The revolu
tionists are still successful. They have cap
turod the town of Reynoea without meeting
wi'h any resistance. Canales, the Governor
of Tamau ipas, was about entering Matamo
ras. Governor Letcher arrived st Vera Cruz
on tke let inst. and proceeded to the Capitol.
From the N. V. Commmial Adferliser.
European News by the Atlantic and
America.
The steam frigate Mississippi, with Korsuth
and companions arrived at Marseilles on the
26th cf tientember. and sailed immediately for
England. The town people expressed their ad
miration of Kossuth by illuminations and va
rious public demonatratirns.
The Emperor of Austria ha> reached Milan,
where he was coldly received by the people.
Another severe earthquake look place in the
Neapolitan dominions on the 6th ultimo.
The lime of the closing of the great Loudon
exhibition remained fixed 10. tho 11th instant
The Commissioners had given formal noti-e
on the 26th to Messrs Fcx and Henderson, of
their intention to have the building removed.
This notice, however, is nor regarded as con
clusive as to the late of the building, but giv
f en to keep the powers of the original contract
in force. Its actual fate will probably remain
in suspense until Parliament re-assembles.
An impression gains ground, however, that
the building will finally be removed from the
Park.
The Roman Ca'holic Defence Association
has commenced i'saction by issuing an addre-s
to the Catholics of the United Kingdom, dec a
ring hostility to the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill and
the Ecclesiastical policy of the Government,
and calling on the Catholics to unite in an or
ganized resistance to both. Toe address is
rigr ed by Dr. Cullen, Catholic Primiate of
Ireland, and Mr. Keogh, Secretary of the De
fence Association
On Sunday, the 28th, the Submarine Tele
graph between the French and English coasts
was brought into complete and successful ope
ration.
At Liverpool, and along the west coast, gales
, of more or less violence have occurred, doing
serous damage.
Great preparations ere making throughout
Great Britain in anticipation of the expected
general election.
From Spezzia we learn that the frigate Mis
sissippi was there on the 21st instant with
1 Kossuth.
Capt. Austin, of the Arctic Expedition has
r returned to England, having made no new
discoveries. The return oftbe American ves
sels had been announced in England, by an
arrival from Greenland.
- The new clipper Chrysolite, for the China
trade, has made the passage from Liverpool to
Angier in eight days.
The first sale of tea grown in England, was
made last week.
Abbott Lawrence was still in Ireland, every
> where receiving cordial greetings.
The bullion in the Bank of England was
- rapidly increasing ,
The prospects of the coming winter were
favorable, though at the same time the prob
i ability remains that some further failures will
> take place in London end L verpool of the
■ importers of produce.
i The Exhibition continues to attract throngs
i of vititors. The number is iqial to 68,060
i daily.
Spain — The excitement in Madrid relative
to Cuban affairs has diminished, the Spaniards
beginning to take greater interest in home pol
i itics The execution of Lopez seems to have
r ratified them.
i Despatches from the Spanish minister at
i Rome announce the conclusion of the ratifica-
■ tlon of the concordat with the Court of Spain,
i and the execution of letters Apostolic.
/■'rance — The Assemble Nationale treats tho
speech of Lord Palmerston at Tiverton, with
i mucn severity, accusing him of intuiting the
Continental Governmen's by charging them
with preventing their subjects from declaring
> their political opinion, and thus exci ing them
f to revolt against their Government.
f A Cabinet Council was held at St. Clouds
on Saturday, at which President Bonaparte
' presided,
i Italy.—Letters from Rime state that the
Pope has pardoned the individuals convicted
, of having maliciously destroyed the carriages
■ of the Cardinals during the Revolution.
Belgium.— The elections are progressing
favorably for the Government.
i Austria — The Government has again inani-
> fes'ed its blind folly by causing Kossuth and
, bis colleagues to be hung in effigy in the city
-of Pesth, in the presence of a large military
force.
j Itis expected that about one hundred and
t sixty sente ce* of persons whose suits havr
been going on, although they have been left
' at liberty, will be oiiicial y published on the
> 98th.
I Russia.— The Emperor Nicholas, accom
( psnied by thirty-five of his chief Generals,
' visited Comoro on the 23d instant, and return
ed to Moscow on the st ma day.
1 Turksg— The government in Turkey ap
pears to be on the point of apolitical crisis.
Rechid Pacha’s power is tottering and his
successor is a'ready spoken of.
India —By the overland mail at Trieste,
• we have dates from Bombay to the 18th of
September. The commercial news is favor
able. The outbreak in Cashmere has been
suppressed. A great quantity of rain has
fallen in Scinde and the Punjsub, causing an
inundation from which great loss of life and
property has resulted.
Commodore Hawkins is dead
Funds to the amount of $70,000 hava bean
discovered in the opium department of Bom
bay.
An expedition is fitting out against the
Arabs about Ada.
Gold is abundant, and the import trade brisk.
Io England, public attention is concentrated
on the approaching close of the World’s Fair,
which is oositively to lake place on the 11th
' inst. After which two days will be appropria
i ted to the exhibitors, each having he privi-
I lege of introducing two friends. The awards
■ will be made on the 15th inst.
Lord Londonderry had again addressed the
President of th? French Republic in reference
! to Abdel Kadir. The correspondence, how
: over, ameuots to nothing practical.
The seamen belonging to the American ship
Columbia, lying at Liverpool, had mutinied
I The men were convicted, fined and irnpris-
oaed.
The Hon. Abott Lawrence, the American
minister was in Dublin visiting public institu
tions. He was receiving the greatest atten
tion, both from city authorities and private in
dividuals.
Kossuth had been expected to visit London
up to the Ist instant, when in’elligence was
received that the French authorities had re
fused to grant him permission to pass through
their terriiory from Marseilles. It was under
stood that he would sail in the Mississippi for
New York.
The Queen was expected to visit Liverpool
on the 9th, and no business would be transact
ed on that or the following day.
Says the New York Commercial Advertiser:
Kossuth —Our London correspondent’s
letter mentions that the Mississippi, with Kos
suth and his companions on board, had called
at Marseilles for coal and fresh provisions. We
find also the following notices of her and her
<ueats:
Aller having solemnly promised the Turk ah
commissaries to go direct to America Kossuth
wanted to take a Hungarian flag with him into
the American vessel; but this was objected to by
the Turks. When all the refugees were safely
on board, Kossuth made a speech, in which
Lord Palmerston and the Americans were not
forgotten, and soon after th) Mississippi started
on her voyage.
The Corrtere Mercantile quotes letters from
Spezz a, of the 22d, eating that the inhabitants
of that town, on being informed that Kossuth
was on board the Mississippi, made great de
monstrations in honor of his arrival. The
town was illuminated, rockets were let off.
and a large number of boats, gaily decked out,
surrounded the Mississippi, valuing Kossuth
with music and cheers. The American Com
modore, who is taking the waters at Lu-.ca bar
been to L< Spezzia to compliment him.
The liberation of Kossuth and his compan
ions baa led .o a somewhat rupe fl iou» cere
money at Pesth. On the morning of the 9.b of
January, 1:50. 36 Hungarian revolutionary
leaders were summoned before the court-mar
tial then sit ing in the capital of the prov.nce
On the 22d in-t. they were all condemned in
aoalumarium and hang d in effiry; that is, a
11 - ck board, win the thirty six names inscribed
thereon tn white letters was affixed to the gal
lows.
The Mississippi, with 55exi|aa onboard, had
touched at Smyrna, and on the 16th at Syra,
one of the Cyclades. On the arriv-d of Kos
suth in the Dardanelles, the eeptaiu of the
Mississippi went on board toe Turkish ves»e‘<
and p aced hie ship at the disposal of the exile’,
at'he same tme presenting sls 000 to their
leader in the name of tho American Govern
ment.
From the Lake Superior Journal, Oct. 8.
Propeller Monticello Wrecked.
I*, becomes our painful duty to recorl the
most perilous shipwreck that has ever occured
on Lake Superior, arid hiving beenapassen
on boa-d the Mon'icello at the time, we are
enabled to give all the particulars in relation
to the loss of the ve-s-.1, Bn d the hardships of
the passengers and crew.
We went on board at the Ontonagon on
the afternoon of the 25:h nit. cn her return
from Fond du Lac. She left Mr. Cash’s dock
in the river at half past five o’clock, bound for
Sant. She lay on the bar a few minutes on
her way out, bat the soa at that time wes light,
and we cannot think it possible that she sprung
aleak from the effects of'he slight pounding on
the light tand.
We had been out half an hour when the
firemen discovered the water rising around
the floors of the engine. The main pump was
put into operation, and on examination the
captain and engineer seemed confident that the
rump would keep her clear till we could rnu
down to Eagle Harber, a distance of sixty
miles—but it was soon discovered that the
water was fast gaining on the pump, and pre
parations were made immediately for raising
water by means of barrelsand buckets.
The wind was blowing at first from the west
ward, but soon changed to the n< rihwest—-it
was fresh but fair, and aided by s dis and all
the steam that it was prudent to carry, tho
Monticello came on at a rapidra e, still keeping
on her course, ia hopes to make the harbor.
The passengers an 1 crew worked steadily at
the pumps, but the water continued gradually
to rain on them.
to gam on mem.
We bad now been out about three hours,
the wind and waves Constan ly increasing,
when it was found there was little hope of
reaching Eagle Harbor; the water bad risen
nearly to the fires and was fast gaining,
notwithstanding all the exertion,ol these on
board.
After remaining on her course a few min
utes longer the boat was headed toward the
land, and new efforts were put forth to en
courage all on board to assist at the pumps and
barrels. By this time there were three feet of
water or more in the hold, and she moved and
rolled heavily through the seas.
It was not long before the fires were report
ed out —the engines work lazily for a shot
time, the clicking of the valves became feint
and less frequen*, an I finally, like the dying
’ s ruggle of a strong man, it ceased altogether.
Tho boat being soon careened cn one side
' by the sai’s, one of tho fire grates vas partally
! outof water, and a firs was kindle! again by
means of dry wood, oil and the most combusti
ble matter the boat afforded. This not only
assisted our progress toward the land, but it
stimulated the passengers to new exer ions.
The fires were in ibis wav kindled end ex
-1 tinguished several times For two hours the
8 water logged vos els drifted in before sound
r ings could be had. In this region it was well
' known that the coast was rocky and danger
■ ous, and the night was too dark to enable the
pilot to distinguish one place from another.
> A heavy sea rolled in upon the shore, arid it
'■ seemed like madness o attempt to make a lau
e ding, under such circumstances. Accordingly
Capt. Wilson decided to coma to anchor and
1 endeavor to keep the vessel afljat ’ill daylight;
1 and as soon as wo camo into six fathoms water
e the anchors were let go, and she swung round
f heavily.
•- The pumping snd baling were continued ;
'* two or three hours more would b'ing the light
'■ of another day, and it was understood that an
d attempt would be mads to land as soon as'it
r - - -- .
was daylight.
Some time before daylight the wind changed
to the North and commenced blowing hard,
directly upon the shore, and the sea increased
rapidly, oftentimes washing into the hatchways
where the men were at work baling, and i be
came evident to al. that the tho vessel could bo
kept afloat only fora short lime long> r.
At five o’clock it was light enough to see that
it was a bold rocky shore, against which the
waves dashed high and furiously, but it was too
fate to choose a place for landing, and the capt.
ordered tho anchors raised. Her bow swung
around to tho east, and in fifteen minutes she
» ru< k heavily on the solid rock, about three
hundred yards from shore.
The largest of tho two yawls, on the lee
side, was soon lowered, and with a line long
enough to reach the land, the first and second
mates, Messrs. Lucas and Burney, VV. T.
Ivesthrook and one of the crew started for
the shore. The line was made fast to a tree,
and they commenced tho far more difficult and
dangerous task of returning.
By untiring exertions the passengers and
crew were all landed at half past eight. All
were drenched, in com'ng ashore, and were
co d, hungry and worn out by the fatigues of
the night and morning.
After a few minutes the boat war again
manned aud the wreck was explored for pro
visions, and slew pounds of hard bread, part
ot a quarter of fresh beef and some boiled
beef were brought in. After having eaten
this as many as possible started for Engle Riv
er, which was judged to be about 35 miles dis
tant.
On the Tuesday following Capt. McKay
with the schooner Algonquin, proceeded to
the wreck and brought oil' the capt in, crew
and remaitfing passengers, and all that could b
saved of valuable property.
The Monticello was owned by Col Me
Night, of this place, and was insured for sl4,
606.
From Bvssos Ayres. — We have advices
from Buenos Ayres to the 18th of August.
The principal feature of interest is the treaty
negotiated between France and the Argentine
Republic, only now published, although it
was signed by the plenipotentiaries of each
country in August, 1850. It contains the
fol owing provisions:
Ist. That tho Argentine Republic will
adhere to an immediate suspension of hostili
ties between the Oriental forcesand Montevi
deo, and those of tho country districts. 2d.
That the agent of tho French Government
will reclaim from Montevideo the immediate
disarmament of the foreign legion, either in
Montevideo or any other part of the Oriental
Republic. 3d. That the army of the Ariren
tine Confederation shall retire upon the Uru
guay. 4th. That France shall raise the block
ade of the Oriental ports, evacuate the Island
of Martin Garcia, make restitution of vessels
which may have been taken, and salute the
flag of the Confederation with twenty-one
guns. sth. That the two contracting parties
shall restore vessels taken during the blockade
to their respective owners. 6th. That the
French Republic recognises the navigation of
the river Parens as an interior navigation of
® ths Argentine Confederation, and subject only
_ to its laws and regulations, the same as that of
j the Uraguay, iu common with the Oriental
Sta’es. 7th, Bth, and 9-h articles contain no
J proviiious of interest. Ar icie 11th settles
’ the matter of various titles, France recognising
j Oribe as a brigadier only, and not as President
, of Uruguay ]2th and 13 h sections refer to
• the exchange of ratifications.
B The Buenos Ayres Packet says that a similar
treaty has been negotiated with Oribe.
Ou the 3d of August the Buenos Ayres
Government officially informed the French
’ resident Minister that the arm.eticj negotiated
in May, 1849, would cease to be of effect so
soon as the parties to it bad been duly notified.
A Brazilian vessel had been captured by a
’ British steamer. Ni.iety-four slaves were
found on board.
There arc no clear intelligible accounts of
J- belligerent movements, it is asset ted gene
rally in the advices that Brazil is making active
. preparations to invade the Argentine territory
( and take part wi.h Urquizi, but there are
, contradictory rumors respecting the posi ions
of all parties to what seems to be a generally
unsettled state of affairs. Urquizs was at
Cerro Pelado on the 4lli of August, according
to what seem lo be the most recent accounts.
The Hon. Mr. Pendleton, American Charge
d’Aflaires from this Government near the
Government of Buenos Ayres, was daily ex
pected at the lattercity from Rio de Janeiro.—
N Y. Com. Ailt>,
Capk or Good Horz.— Beslan, Oct. 15
The barque Springbox, Captain Burd, from
Cape Town, brings advices to Sept. 31.
The Cape Town mail of August 23d, an
nounces a Government notice from the British
authorities in Orange River severe.gnty, de
nouncing the people of Mosecb and Mulitssna
as enemies. The whole force of the dis'rict*
within the sovereignty have been summoned,
including all male inhabitants liable to do mili
tary duty.
It is intimated that martial law is about to be
procla med byjHer Majesty’s High Commission
in that Previses
Sir Harry Smith had despatched two com
-13 panies of the 45 h regiment, and 500 Zulas to
' aid ihe sovereignty. Sir Harry designs to pro
ceed there himself.
The Mail condemns the proceedings of the
President, and asserta that its views a-e bus
3 tained by the colonists universally.
8 Advices from Grahamstown to August ]6lh,
• have been received. which state that since the
1 1 ist post, ihe work of destruction is still going
• on around that p ace. Murders and robberies
r by Kafers continue at Somerset, and great dis
tress prevails on account of a severe drought,
• as well as Kafir depredations.
Cattle, sheep and horses are prerishing for
the want of food; hostile Kafirs are numerous
: in the neighborhood.
9 At Cradoch security seems to prevail in
. respeetto war but much sickness felt.
I At Whittlesea encounters with bands of
s Kraals had been i uecessful.
r A dreadful hurricane had swept over the
missionary station of Ulmaetown materially
, damaging the Wesleyan chapel, &c.
, Letters from the Kreilis country state that
, the Governor had made up his mind for peace
, and had made a formal oiler to his excellency
, to indemnify him for all losses sustained by
i traders since the war began.
; Intelligence from Fort Hare announces that
| the Kaffirs and Hotentots are in such force
near the general’s tent, that he can do nothing
i with them.
i The frontier poets are gieatly distressed for
, supplies.
At Alice, meal was se ling from £5 to £6 10s
per 100 lbs. The inhabitants were daily look
ing for fresh inroads of the savages.
At Somerset, August lG.h, the post wee at
tacked an the men were allowed to escape,
but everibing va nable wee plundered.
The town has been thrown into great agita
tion by discovering that nearly all the confi
dential sevanta ol Gen. Somerset at Oatlands
had decamped, carrying away much property.
X. Y. Com. * r 1
KoSsCth’s w ife and three sons are with him
ou board the U. 8. frigate Missi sippi, now
daily expected in this country. The English
will, it appears, be dieappoin ed at the Hun
gar ian chief not having visited their country,
where an en husiaatie reception apparently
awaited him, if we may judge from the re
mark of the London Daily News, that “one
oftbe most pleasing coincidences of modern
times is -he somplete identity of feeling in tba
United Statesol America and in Great Brita.e
on trie subject ol the llungarianstroggle.’’