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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 183?-1864 | View Entire Issue (May 12, 1852)
Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel. BY WILLIAM S. JONES. CHRONICLE & SENTINEL. CS3® THE WEEKLY It Published every Wednewtajr IT TWO DOLLIES PER AY Ml'9l m ADVA xcs. TO CIXBB or INDIVIDUALS tending u« Ten DotUra, BIX oopiei of the Paper will be aeot for one year, thoa fur nishing tbe Paper at tie rate of MX COPIEK FOR TEX DOLLAR*, or a free copy to all who may proem ui Jits aabecribera, and forward ui the money. CHRONICLE R SENTINEL DAILY A YD TRI-WEEKLY, Arc abo puUlabad at thia offlae, and mailed to subocrllxrs a t the folloiring ratee, namely: Daily Piraa,lf aeot by mad, |7 per annum. Tai-Wamu-T Paraa, 4 “ “ TER.HK OF ADYERTISISIi. la Wkmlt.—Herenty-Dre eeota per equare (10 linea or aaa) (or tbe firat lneertion, (and fifty eeute for each aubee quent lneertion. BY AUTHORITY. TAX LAW. Ah Act to levy anA colleot a Tam for euc A of the polUieal yearn 1852 and I 850, Mid thereafter, until repealed. Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and Bouse of fte prremit iti vee of the State of Georgia, in General Aeeembly met, inut it ie hereby enaeted by the authority of Vie name. That from and aft*r tho pawtago ot thin a«t, ail real aud iPTHonal oMtata within thia htato, whether ownu l, hy individual* or corporations, resident or uoii-rwidont, ghali tx: liable to taxation, subject to tho •xerajitiou* boroin after nxxifl&i. Sec. 2. Aivl be it further enact'd, That the terra “real •state,” as used in this act, shall bo construed to include land itself, ail buildings or other articles erected upon, or affixed to, tho same ; all mines, minerals, fossils, and quarries in and under the same, except mines belonging to the State, and the terra “personal estate,” as used in this act, shall bo construe*! to Include all chattels, monies, debts due from solvent debtors, whether oa note, hill, draft judgment or mortgage, or open aocounte, goods, wares and merchandise, capital invested ia shipping or tonnage, or capital otherwise invested, negro slaves, pleasure car riages, public stocks, and stocks in monied corporations; also such jtortion of the capital of incorporated companies liable to taxation oa their capital as shall not be invested In real or personal estate. H*C. H. And bail further mooted, That the following property shall be exempted from taxation, to wit: All exempted from taxation, by the Constitution of this State or under the Constitution of the United Whites, all lands belonging to this Hiatt or the United States, every building erected fat the use of and used by a college, incorporated academy or other seminary of learning, every building for public worship, every school house, court house, end Jail, and the several lots whereon such buildings are situated, and ail the furniture belonging to each of them, ail books and philosophical apparatus not held as merchandise, and for the purpose of sale, every |>o#r house, alma house, house of industry, and any house be longing to any charitable institution, and the real and per sonal estate belonging to any charitable institution or con nected with the same, the real and personal estate of any public library, and other literary associations, all stocks own ed by the State and hy literary and charitable instituons, also Ail plantation and mechanical tools, ail household and kitch en furniture not above the value of three hundred dollars, not held for purpose of sale, or as merchandize, all libraries —all poultry and S9OO value of other property belonging te each tax payer, and also the annual crops and provisions of the citizen* of this Htate, and all Are arm* and other imturu menti .and all munitions of war not held as merchandise, and ail wearing apparel of the tax payer and family, and the holder or owner of stock in any incorporated company liable to taxation on its capital shall not bo taxed os an Individual for such stock. Hr.o. 4. And be it further enacted , That all lands held under warrants, and surveyed, but aot granted by tho •*te, shall bo liable to taxation in the same manner as if actually granted. Hxo. 8. And belt further mooted, That all monied or •took corporations deriving income or profit from their capital or otherwiso, except as before excupted, shall be liable to taxation. Bkc. 6. And be it further enacted , That each and every free jicrsoq of color in this Htate betwoeen tho agell of eighteen and fifty shall be taxed annually tho sum of five dollars. Bsc. I. Andbe it further enacted, That the sum of five dollars shall be levied upon all practitioners of Law or Physic or Dentistry and Daguorrean Artists. H»co. ft. And belt further enacted, That each and evory male citizen between tho ages of twenty-one and sixty years, shall be taxod annually hereafter, twenty-five cents. BWO. •>. Amt be it further ctutried-, That tho receiver of tax returns in each county, shall reoelve ail returns to him on the oaths of the persons making them am! at such val uation os they may affix, and If any person shall fan to make a return, or to affix a vnluc, the receiver shall make such valuation, and assess the tax thereon from the best infor mation in his power to obtain, and in cases where no return Jetnade or no valuation made by tho porsons returning, ho hall assess a double tax. Sieo. 10. And be it further moated, That It shall bo he duty of tho receiver to assess all real and personal ca nto not returned or not assessed by the person returning the same at the full market value. Hko. 11. And be U further enacted, That the receiver ®f tax returns shall require all persons te give in each and every tract or parcel of land, he or she may own, specifying its locution, quality, and the num ber of acre*, if known, and tho aggregate value, includ- Ing the value of the buildings, machinery, toll bridges or t errlcs on the same, a classification of the personal estate subject to taxation, as defined In tho second section of this act, specifying the number of negro slaves and their aggre gate value, and the aggregate of all other chattels, moneys, debts duo or to become due from solvent debtors in whatsoever form, and each olassiAcatloti shall be entered in separate columns. Hko. 12. And be it further enaotnf, That the Receivers of tax returns throughout the State shall administer to each and every person giving in his or her taxable property, the following oath, to wit: You do solemnly swear (or affirm) as tho case may he, that the account which you now givo in is a just and true account of all tho taxable property which you were possessed of, held or claimed on the first day of Jnnuary last, or was in terested in or entitled unto, either in your own right or in tho light of any other person or persons whatsoever, ns Parent, (hmrdian, Executor, Administrator, Agent, or Trus tee, or any other manner whatever; and that It is not worth more than the valuation you have affixod to it, to the best of your knowledge and belief—so help you Ood. Bxo. 18. And beit further mooted, That It shall bo the duty of the several tax Uoocivors within this Btate to take in all taxables herein before enumerated, and enter the same in his book or digest with the ap praised value thereof, following the classification speci fied in the second and eleventh sections of this act, and return a copy of the same mado out in fair and legihlo blind writing, to the Comptroller General, and one to the Clerk of the inferior Court and one to the tax collector, oa or before the Ist day of July in each, year in which digest shall be carefully made out, an abstract, stating each subject of Taxation, the amount of aggregate value of each, the num ber of acres of land, number of slaves, polls, free persons of color, professions, dentists and degu arrean Artists. Sec. 14. And be it further enacted, That when the Comptroller General shall have received said digest, he is hereby required to examine the same carofally, to detect any error or errors therein contained, and haviug corrected the same, If any shall be found to exist, he shall then foot up each column and ascertain tho aggregate amount of each and all the digests, and report tho same to his Kxcolloncy the Governor, who with the as sistance of the Comptroller Eiall assess such a rate per coat, not exceeding 112th of on* per cent, on the entire amount as will raise an amount of revenue corresponding to the wuuts of the Btate, and notify tho several Tax Collectors throughout tho State of the rnto per cent, so imposed, and the amount to bo oolleted by him in each county. Soo. 15. And fts it further enaete<t, That the amount so required to be assessed and collected, shall not exceed tho sum of three hundred and seventy-live thousand dollars Annually. Sec. 18. And be it further enacted, That the amount of tax to be paid annually to the State upon the amount of real ami nersonal estate taxable under this act, shall be 1 Pith of one per cent., whieh shall be levied and collected anti accounted for according to the existing law, together with tho poll tax and tax on practitioners of law, medicine, froe negroes, dentists, and Daguerroan artists. Sec. 17. And be Ufurther enacteil by the authority aftme irtirf. That it shall be the duty of the Comptroller Ge neral, with the assistance of the Treasurer, after the re turn! of taxes have been made by the tax receivers of the several counties in this State, to make an estimate of the aum total of taxes which wili be ruined under this act ac cording to the per cent, assessed, and if it should appear that the sum total should exceed the amount of taxes re quired by this a«t to be raised; then the Comptroller Ge neral shall Issue his circular directing the tax collectors of litis State to make such deduction in an equal ratio upon •very thing taxed according to value, as will reduce the •um total of taxes, as nearly to the amount required by this act to be raised, as is practicable. The Comptroller speci fying tho per cent, deduction necessary to be made. Sec. IS. Anti be it further enacted, That the tax re ceivers and collectors shall receive the same compensation now allowed by law. Sec. 19. And be it further enact*l, That to net the digests as provided for in the 7th section of the act of 1545, fur the receivers, the default list shall be deducted, and for the collectors tho Insolvent list shall be deducted from the total amount of the digests, and that all taxes due and pa.vuhle under any of the provisions of this net, shall he paid in gold or silver, or in the bills of specie paying Ranks of this State. Sec. 20. And be it ,/Urther enaeted, That the fourth and fifth sections of an act passed tho 22d of February, eighteen hundred and fifty, to levy and collect a tax for each of the political years, 1850 and 1851, and thereafter, la*, and the same are hereby continued in fall force and effect, saving and excepting so much of the fourth section as in the following words, to wit: not being over sixty years of ago, or valueless from decrepitude er disease. Sec. 21. -4m/ be it % hu'ther emitted. That nothing in this act shall be so construed as to relieve Ranks, Railroads, or agencies of Foreign Banks from any special tax heretofore assessed on thorn or any of them. Sec. 22. Amt be it farther enacted, That all laws and parts of laws militating against this act, except such parts of the tax acts uow in force in this State, as may be ne cessary to carry out this act, and which are declared in full force, be, and the same are hereby repealed. JAS. A. MERIWETHER, Speaker of the House of Representatives. ANDREW J. MILLER, President of the Senate. Approved, 9th January, 1858. HOWELL COBB, Governor. BUPPLEMKXTAHT TAX ACT* AN ACT supplementary to an act, entited an act to levy ami collect a tax for the political years 1801 and 1852, ap proved January 9,1853. Whkkkis, by the fifteenth section of the above entitled act to levy and collect a UX for the political years 1852 and ISSB, it is enacted that the sura of three hundred and sev enty-five thousand dollars shall be raised for the support of the Government of this State for each of said years; and whereas, by the fourteenth section of said act, it has been farther enacted, that to raise the said sum, for said political years, not more titan one-twelfth of one |>cr cent, shall be assessed on the actual value of all the property liable to taxation under the provisions of the above entitled act; and wlwreas, his Excellency, the Governor of this State, in a specuU message made to the House of Representatives, has expressed his doubts whether the said sum of three hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars, necessary for the support of the government of this Stat« for each of the said political years ISSB and 1858, can be raised by the as sessment of only one-twelfth of one per cent, on the estima ted value of the property subject to taxation under said act, anti hath recommended to the General Assembly, as a precautionary measure, in case the said rate per cent, spe cified in said act shall not be sufficient to raise the said sum for said political years 1852 and 1858, to pass an act supple plemcntary to said act, authorizing him and the Comptrol ler General, on the return by the several tax Receivers of ttm State of the Digest of property subject to taxation un der the provisions of said act, and the value of the same, and upon the examination and footing un of said nicest, it .hall appear to th.mfhuS,. three hundred Mid rerenty-fiTr dolls” Cannot bo raised by an s»-wmeot of one-twelfth of on* rw cent on the value returned in said Diktat, that they Sy b?au- thorised and empowered to increase the .aid rat* r . ... so much, and no further, as may be sufficient to raise the said aum of three hundred and seventy.fit. thousand dol lara as aforesaid: now, therefore, for remedy whereof Baomtx Ist. J> U rmuitd by tk* .S-ntie niu f Honm „r 7‘e/.oe#e»<,i<iw of We SbUr </ (reorpvi, in Otmml t, »e«Wy wef, ami U it AereAy enocierf by We <tu*Wi(y' r Wewrwse, That if, upon the return by the several Tax R.. reivers of this State, of their respective Digest... contain ing the property subject to taxation, and its value, in pur suance of the provisions as are contained in the said act en titled an act to levy and collect a tax for the political years law and ISW, it shall appear to his Excellency, the Gover nor, and Comptroller General of this State, upon the exami nation and fading up of the aarne, that the said sum of three hundred and seventy-five thousand dulars, necessary for the support of the Government of this State, tor the •aid political years, cannot be raised by an assessment of one-twelfth of one per cent, on the anrregage value of all the property as returned by said Digest, and subject to tax ation, then, in such cans, it shall and may be lawful for his Excellency, the Governor and Comptroller General of this Bute, and they are hereby authoriaod to increase Ihe said rate par cent, specified in said tax act, so much, and no more or further, than will be sufficient to raise the said sum of three hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars, necessary for the support of the Government of this Bute for each of the political yean as aforesaid; and thereupon forthwith to issue an order to each of the tax collectors of this Bute, requiring them, and each of them, to proceed and collect and receive of and from each tax payer the amount of his tax at and after the rate per cent, so increaaed, and neces sary for the purposes aforesaid. J Bsc. i. And bt it farther marttd ly We ntsWnrtfy aforr- MKf, That when the Ux collector of any county shall hereafter iasno an execution for taxes in arvear, the same shall be directed to all and singular the SheriOt and eon aubles of this Bute, and shall be levied by either officer when the tax due does not exceed thirty dollars; but where the Ux exceeds that sum, the execution shall be levied by the Sheriff alone, and aaid officers shall be liable to be proceeded against by rule in their rrepeotire courts as fa prescribed by law tn rotation to other executions. fine. 8. And be U/urtkrrmacUdly tlu authority nfbr*- taid, That all law*, or part* of law*, militating against this act be, and the same ar* haraby repealed. Approved January HI, 1881. AN ACT to require ail Wills of parental property, to b« ex ecuted and proved In the *ame manner a* it now prescrib ed by law, for the evficnticti and proof of Devises of real •state. fine. 1. BeUenaotodbytho SmaUantl JTauteof Rrpr*. pnMtomita* smtf QmtrtU AmemMy met, ami it U hereby enacted, t/y the authority of the same. That from and after the first day of June next, all wills and testaments of personal property shall be in writing, and signed by the party so willing and bequeathing the same, or by wm« other person in his presence, and by his express di rections, and shall be attested and subscribed in tbe pres ence of the said testator by three or four credible witnesses, or else they shall be utterly void and of no effect. fiat'. 2. And be it further enacted by the authority afire eaid, That all laws and parts of laws now of force in this State, and applicable to the Revocation of detliet of real es tate, shall extend to Wills and testaments of personal pro perty. Sec. Z. And be it further enacted by the authority afire said, That all laws and parts of laws now of force in this State, pretwribing the inode of proof of devises of real estate, are hereby extended to Wilis and testaments of personal property. HfiC. 4. And be it further enacted l/y the authority afire mid, That this act shall not be construed to extend to nun cupative wills. Sec. 5. A tul be it further enacted by the authority afore mW, That as soon as this act shall be passed, it shall be the duty of the Governor to cause the same to be published in three or more of the public Gazettes of tins .State, at least once in every week until the first day of June next, and that all laws and parts of laws militating against the provisions of tins act, be and the same are hereby repealed. Approved 21st January, 185*2. ftb 6, w j 1 AN’ ACT to provide tor the Education of the Poor. Section l. Be it enacted by the General Aseembly of the State of Georgia, That eighteen hundred and thirty-three shores of the capital stock of the Bank of the Htate of Geor gia, eight hundred and ninety shares of the capital stock of the Hank of Augusta, and one hundred and eighty-six share* of the capital stock of the Georgia Kail Hood and Banking Company, all belonging to this State, be hereby set apart as a permanent fund for the education of the poor, and tlie said fund shall bo increased by to many shares of the capital stor k of either of said banks as can be pur chased with the unexpended balance, if there be any in the Treasury, of the thirty thousand Dollars appropriated to defray .the expenses of the State Convention of I*Bo, and with all the availablo assets of the Central Hank, after the payment of it* debts, and the Treasurer of the Btate is hereby required to make sueh purchase, in whole or in part, according to the means at any time available therefor, and the scrip of the Stocks so belonging to the Htate, and is to lie purchased, shall be under the control and management of tho Treasurer for the purpose aforesaid. Ski;. 2. The income of the permanent fund aforesaid shall l*e divided yearly among those counties which may have at the Treasury of this Htate by the first of December, in each yea r, iists of thefr poor children, in the manner hereinafter pointed out, the division to be in pre]>ortiori to the number of names on the respective lists and the quota of each county, to be paid to the school commissioner's order under the seal of his office. Hkc.H. Tbe Ordinary of each county shall be ex officio school commissioner thereof, and shall take an oath and en ter into an obligation as part of his official bond as ordinary, to discharge* all the duties of School Commissioner as pre scribed by this act, and to faithfully apply all the money which may come into his hauds in that capacity: he shall also be entitled to retain as a combination for his services as such commissioner, two and one half per centum, upon all such monies as he may receive, and the same per cen tum upon all such monies as he may pay out under the pro visions of this act. Provided, That no provision of the foregoing act shall repeal or militate against the provisions of an act assented to the 24th December, 1847, prescribing the mode of disbursing the Poor School fund, end the elec tion of District Treasurers, entitled an act to amend an act to provide for the education of the Poor, so far as the counties of Lumpkin and Kahun are concerned. Skc. 4. And be it further enacted\ That all the duties imposed by the provisions of this act upon the Ordinaries of cacli county, shall, in the county of Chatham, he dis charged by tlie Justices of the Inferior Court, and the said Justices are hereby authorized to appoint one or more fit and proper person, who shall act as Hchool Commissioner or Commissioners for said county, and who shall discharge the duties imposed by this act, upon the select commissioner, under such regulations as the said Inferior Court may pre scribe. Hicc.fi. And be it further enacted, That the county of Union be exempt from the provisions of this act, and that the Poor Hchool fund of said county, lie disbursed under the heretofore existing law. Provided, that said county is not to be excluded from the benefits of any fund raised under this act. Hkc. G. The duties of Hchool commissioner in each county, shall bo the following : he shall levy and cause to be col lected by the Tax Collector of the county, such tax as may be recommended by the Grand Jury of the first Superior Court in each year, for the purjiose of educating the poor, and shall take charge of the same when collected. He shall, each year, between the first of September and the first of November, make and keep in a book for that purpose, a list of all such children in the county, between the ages of eight and sixteen years, as he may deem unable from the poverty of themselves or parents, to procure a plain Eng lish Education, without public assistance; and to assist him iu making such list, he shall appoint two persons in each Militia District to give him information respecting the ]>oor children thereof, which persons, shall take an oath, in wri tiug, before the Ordinary, to fuithfully discharge the duties of their appointment, und to return only such children as in their opinion arc entitled to the benefits of this act —he shull, within the first week of November, each year, forward oue copy of said list for that year to the Treasurer of this Htate, and shall hy the first of December, in each year, have at the State Treasury, his order under the seal of his office, for the quota of his county, in the Htate dividend aforesaid, —lie shall lay a copy of this fist for the year next last, be fore the Grand Jury of the first court in each year, and shall also lay before them his written estimate of what county tax wifi he necessary to secure the tuition of all such children as may be entitled to bo placed on the list for the year then present—he shall pay teachers of poor children in the fol lowing manner, that is to say : ho shall keep on file every such account for the tuition of children on the list for each year a* shall be rcuderod to him, on or before tho 25th of December, in that year, proven by the oath of tho Teachers, specifying tho number of days each child was taught, not exceeding the usual rates of such teachers, nor exceeding such maximum a* may lie established by the Ordinary in each county; and after the 26th of December, he shall pro ceed to pay all such accounts In full, if the funds in hand be sufficient, or rateably, if insufficient, and always keeping as n fluid for tho next year, any surplus which maybe left. Skc. 7. Tho Judges of tho Superior Courts shall give this act specially in charge to the grand juries of the first Courts in each year, together with suggestions and arguments upon tho duty and policy of educating the poor. Provided, that tho returns of poor children in the counties, embraced in the third and fifth sections of this act, shall he made un der the oath and in tlfi manner prescribed in the sixth sec tion; and ordinaries in said counties, shall he entitled to re tain their commissions on the Htate fund received, but not on its disbursement. Skc. 8. All laws and parts of laws at all conflicting with this act are hereby repealed JAS. A. MERIWETHER, Speaker of the House of Representatives. ANDREW J. MILLER, President of the Senate. Approved, 22d January, 1852. HOWELL COBB, Governor. AN ACT for the relief of married women whose husbands have deserted them. Hkc. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and Bouse of 12ep reaentatires of the State qf Georgia in General A sscmbly convened, and it ie hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That in all cases where a married woman has been deserted by her husband, and has, while so deserted, hy her exertion* and those of her children, or otherwise ac quired property of any kind, the same shall be exempt from the payment of said husbands's debts, and be vested in said married woman, for her solo ami separate use, not subject to the debt*, contracts or control of said husband. Approved December 30,1851. AN ACT to amend the act of eighteen hundred and thirty eight. regulating the taking testimony in certain cases. Hko. i. lie U enacted by the Semite and Bouse qf Jiep resentaMce* qf the State of Georgia in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same. That in addition to the cases already specified in the act assented to twenty-eighth December, eighteen hundred anil thirty-eight, tho party plaintiff or defendant, where he has but a single witness to prove any particular point or fact in hi* case, may take his testimony by commission ex actly as in cases provided for by said act of eighteen hun dred and thirty-eight, with the restrictions and limitations therein set forth. Approve*!, January 5,1852. U Aft AWAY from mein IJurkc county, on the ITtli inst., my Boy SAM; blacksmith by trade. He is chunkey built, about 80 years of age, ft feet 5 'll or (’»inches high, of dark complexion, and weighs about 100 pounds ; he has a bad countenance, And works left handed ; he has a bad cut on his right arm; he was bought from Simeons A I*oe, about a year ago. lie is sup posed to he lurking about Augusta or South Carolina. A liberal reward will be given to any )>erson that will lodge him in any jail so 1 can get him. ap22-4w JOHN ATT AWAY. STOP THE VILLAIN! ~ R ANYWAY from the subscriber, on the sth inst., (after having knocked his young master gfo down with an axe, fracturing his skull considerably, and leaving him, as he supposed, dead) a bright mu- latto (nearly white) Boy, about 21 years old, named HEN RY', chunky built, about ft feet 8 inches high, with light sandy or brown hair, rather coarse and bushy, and inclined to curl a little, gray eyes, checks frequently flush, and is much given to smoking; has on his left hand, just where the forefinger leaves it, a large scar from & knife; his left leg, also, has a large scar from a burn, tho leader of the ham having been considerably drawn, so that the left leg Is a little more orooked than the other. Both legs are in clined to knock-knee. He is of a lively turn, and can do a little at dressing plonk and putting up weatherboarding, and may attempt to pass himself as a carpenter, and will, no doubt, try to pass as a white or free man, under the name of MATIJEWB. It is confidently hoped and believed that the public, and especially every father, will take some interest in apprehending and bringing to Justice so daring n villian. A liberal compensation will be given for hit apprehen sion and delivery In any jail so that I get him. PITT 8. MILNER. Barnesviile, Feb. 16,1852. fe2o-6m The Tri-weekly Bavonnah Republican and Colum bus Enquirer will please copy for two months. P. 8. M. GLENDINNTNG dt Co’B MARBLE W ORKS, Broad street, Augusta, Georgia, Where we have on hand ami will continue to keep a large stock of both Italian and American Marble, for Monumeuts, Toombs, Head Stones, Ac., to which we res pectfully call the attention of those wanting work in our ine. We arc now prepared to fill all orders at short no tice, in as good style and as low as work of the same quality can he famished for from any establishment in the United States. Plans and prices will be sent those who cannot call and examine for themselves. P. B.—Orders from the country executed with neatness and despatch. » d 27 PHILIP A? MOISIT fk IMPORTER AND PKAV.KH IX /% DRUGS and MEDICINES, PAINTS, OILS, ffiSgi YU I)YE STUFFS, WINDOW GLASS, BRUSH- Ylf 4J& ES, PERFUMERY, PATENT MEDICINES, £s* INSTRUMENTS, Ac., Ac. Mo. 195 Broad Street, Augusta, Georgia*, Has now on hand a very large Stock of the above articles, whieh are offered for sale at very low prices, and on accom modating terms. Country Merchants, Physicians and Planters are invited to call and examine, before purchasing elsewhere. jal6-w DISSOLUTION OF COPARTNERSHIP. rpHK COPARTNERSHIP heretofore existing under 1 the firm of KERRS A HOPE, in this City, and of KERRS, HOPE A CO., in New York, has been dissolved by the death of ANDREW’ KERR, and by mutual consent of the surviving partners. The business of the Copartnership will be settled by either of the subscribers, who will sigu the u&me of the firm in liquidation. JOHN KERR, JAMES HOPE, JOHN HOPE, Survivors. UP" Notice is given, that debts due KERRS A HOPE, unless paid, or satisfactorily arranged during tht present ppring, must necessarily, and without any exception, b« Sut in suit. mhl7-dßAw3ro SALE AT AUCTION OF A VALUABLE FACTORY AND MILL PROPERTY. OY TUESDAY, 18th MAY next, will be sold, on the premises, to the highest bidder, all that Valuable Pro perty owned by the Curtright Manfacturing Company, sit uated at the Long Shoals of the Oconee River, in the coun ties of Greene and Putnam, consisting of about 900 Acre* of Land, including water power, a Cotton Factory, a Flour ing, a Grist Mill, and a Saw Mill, all in operation, and anew Bridge, across the Oconee River. Also, a Store Building and ah»ut 50 Dwelling Houses; together with an assorted stock of foreign and domestic. Goods, of about SIO,OOO value, Ac. The same comprising the entire personal pro perty. real estate and stock, in trade, of the Curtright Man ufacturing Company. The same being sold for no fault of the Works, but to close a copartnership. Full information can be obtained by applying to the su perintendent on the premises. Terms of sale will be favorable. apl4-w4 HENRY MERRELL, Agent. LOOS HERE. THK SUBSCRIBER offers for Sale hb RESIDENCE in Roswell, Cobb county, famished thoroughly. There •re 5 Acres of Land attached to the house, all under good fence*— with all necessary out-buildings. The house is one °* best finished and most desirable in the Cherokee C ° U ? t r y * 1* 13 mile* from Marietta, and is consid <*ed, both on account of its society and location, one of the most delightful in the State. Also, a fine Farm, containing SSfy, J 408 acres of Land, (.about 200 cleared,) a an ‘l comfortable House, with suitable out th.* fuST* t f^ lher * ve| 7 thing necessary to carry on iv 18 DOW under cultivation. The above will " ** paratelv, and possession given as soon M-T.iui'.T fUrtW enquire of ROBERT A. urwis, Sarannah. \ i Sentinel, I find a notice £ Ol a ™ <* BAKER, G RUBLE k CO., being diMolr authority to do « by th7comSs£7 . of mutual consent, from BtKER by the BEARING STEAM Mill’ TOMpi'vT C ° ’ t# AD order* *ddre»ed to the Devine Steam Mill (W™ trill be promptly attended to by ‘ Com P»y, 1,4 ' E. STURGIS, Ayent. BOLTIM. CLOTHS, of warranted quality fumi<h..t and put op in bolt* to order. n Tl ™ nu,ked Mill Stone Planter, prepared for baekinx MUI Stone*, qhean and of the beat quality, foe sale by P WM. R. SCHIRMER. JalSwtf Aumu.fi> HOTS LOST. LOST OB STOLE*, from me in Burk* ____ county, a POCKET BOOK, containing a |HFE|e3| Note of One Hundred and Ten Dollar*, dated (Blr.'J October 11, lSfil, made by Michael King, pay able to Timothy Don or an. I forewarn all persona against trading for aaid Note. ja2o-tf TIMOTHY POSQTAB. T VKAX)fii. —*o,ooo iba, Prime BACON, for *ale by * WUCWS, 1852. PROSPECTUS 1852.; or THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR j VOLUME X, FOR 1852. Dr. DJLYIEL LEE, [>. REDJIOYD, Editor. I Asebtamt Editor. | TEEMS.—ONE DOLLAR A YEAE IN ADVANCE. Thk Southern Cultivator is issued every month, and is exclusively devoted to Agriculture, Horti culture, Floriculture, Doniestieaud Farm Economy, Tillage and Husbandry, the Breeding and Raising of Domestic Animals, Poultry and Bees, and the general routine of Southern Hunting and Farming. The new volume for 1852, will be issued on a royal octavo sheet of 32 pastes, with NEW TYPE, FINE PAPER, AND BEAUTIFUL ILLUSTRATIONS! It will contain a much greater amount of matter than heretofore—will discuss a greater variety of topics, and will bo in every respect the best Agri cultural Paper is the South ! and equal to auy in the Union! . Friends of Southern Agriculture!! As the Cultivator was the First journal established in the Cotton Growing States, exclusively devoted to the interests of the Planter; and as it has ever been an earnest aiul consistent advocate of those interests, we confidently hope that, having fostered and sustained it thuslar, your cordial ana generous support will still be continued. Planters, Farmers, Gardeners, Fruit Growers, Stock Raisers, Nurserymen, and all connected in any way with the cultivation of the soil, will find the Southern Cultivator replete with new and valua ble information: and richly worth ten times the rifling sum at which it ja afforded. TERMS OF THE CULTIVATOR! ONE copy, one year, ::::::: $ 1.00 *IX copies, :::::::::: 5.00 TWELVE copies, :::::::: 10.00 TWENTY-FIVE copies, :::::: f 20.00 FIFTY copies, : : : :::::: 87.50 ONE HUNDRED copies, :::::: 75.00 ALWAYS IN ADVANCE. t*T Ocntlemen who obtain subscriptions, will please forward them as early as possible. All bills of specie paying Banks received at par—and all money scut by mail will bo at our risK. W. S. JONES, Publisher. Augusta, Oa., January 1,1852. THE REMEDY FOUND AT LAST. npRIUMPHANT HLCCEfeH has attended the use of JL that wonderful Ointment MARSHALL'S MAGICAL PAIN ERADICATOR. Every body that bus used it, speaks well of it, and what “every body says mu3t be true.” Hince the first of January last, upwards of 7(H) Certifi cates have been received, testifying to the good effects and Superiority of Marshall's Magical Pain Eraificator. In some very few instances this preparation has not given entire satisfaction, but just look, for a moment, at the number who have been benefitted. Seven hundred voluntary tes timonials have been given, and certainly not less than five times this number have experienced the good effects of this Ointment, in the same space of time. The public will please bear in mind that this is a purely Southern preparation, and is entitled to the patronage of Southern people. As no charge is made, should no be nefit be received, give it a fair trial, and in ninety cases out of a hundred the greatest.success will be sure to follow. For further particulars, r.nd a number of certificates, you are referred to the pamphlets, to be had at auy of the Agencies. The diseases which Marshall’s Eradicator will cure, are Rheumatism, Acute and Chronic, Lumbago, Painful Nerves, Scrofula, Spinal Affections, Dislocations, Sprains, (Edematous Swellings, Tumors, Ganglions, Nodes, Wens, Bruises, Strains, Weak Joints, Contracted Tendons, Head-Ache, Gout, Palsy, Tooth-Ach, Ac. For sale by IIAVILAND, RISLEY & Co., Augusta, Ga. I). B. PLUMB A Co., do. do. D’ANTIGNAC AHA HUY, do. do. BARRETT A CARTER. do. do. WM. K. KITCHEN, do. do. W. 11. TUTT, • do. do. P. A. MOISE, do. do. And by W. H. AJ. TURPIN Proprietors, do. do. It is also for sale throughout the State, by the principal Druggists. N. H. —Be careful to look for the written signature of J E. Marshall on the wrapper of each box. None is genuine without it. 026 tSST U 1118 8! GUNS! <1 UK 8 ! On Mclntosh street , two doors from Georgia Railroad Rank. JUST RECEIVED, per steamer Africa, the largest and best assortment of ENGLISH GUNS ever offer ed in thin city, comprising every variety, from London and Birmingham makers, at the lowest rates for cash. Double and Single Barrelled GUNS, all sizes and prices. A fine assortment of Single and Double Barrelled GUNS for boys. RIFLES and Double GUNS, of my own make, one barrel Rifle and the other Shot, a line article for hunting deer and Turkies. Colts’, Allen’s, and other REVOLVERS; also Single bar relled, Self Cocking and llifle PISTOLS, cast steel barrels. Common Pistols, all kinds ; Percussion CAPS, of Wester ly Richard’s, Cox’s water proof, Walker’s and G. D. French, and Military Caps. A great variety of Powder FLASKS, Shot BELTS, and Game BAGS, of the finest Patterns. Also, Wash Rods, Drinking Flasks and Cups, Nipple Wrenches, Pocket Compasses, Screw Drivers, fine large hunting Horns, and everything in the Sporting line. Being a practical Gun Maker myself, and having these guns made to my order, expressly for this market, persons buying will get a much better articles than is sold at the Hard ware Stores, and at equally low prices, and all warrant ed to shoot well. Powder and Shot, Wholesale and Retail, all varieties. N. B.—RIFLES made to order, and all kinds of Repair ing and re-stocking GUNS, (lone in the best manner and warranted. 010-ly E. If. ROGERS. REUBEN RICH’S PATENT CENTRE VENT WA TER WHEEL. CAUTION.— Having been informed that a certain per son naftied Uked, is vending a Water Wheel upon which the water is conducted by means of a spinal scroll, as upon Reuben Rich’s “Patent Centre Vent,” we hereby notify and caution the public, that we will prosecute, in all in stances, for any evasion or infringement upon said patent, both the maker and party using, and will be thankful for any information referring us to parties thus trespassing. GIN DRAT & CO. Montgomery, Ala., June It, 1850. je2l-tf THE MONTGOMERY MANUFACTURING COM PANY'S IRON WORKS. MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA. MANUFACTURE, in superior style, Horizontal and Upright STEAM ENGINES, of all Rizes; Steam BOILERS; LOCOMOTIVES; Cast Iron WATER WHEELS; Sugar MILLS ; Saw and Grist Mill IRONS, of every varie ty, (including Hoxie'scontinuous feet for Saw Mills;) En gine and Hand LATHES; Iron and Brass CASTINGS, of all kinds, Ac., Ac. All orders filled with despatch. ap22 GINDRATACO. IMPORTANT TO MILL OWNERS AND MANU FACTUREItS. Unrivalled Improvement in Water Wheel*. THE fSI HSC'KIHHHS are sole agents for making and A vending the best Water Wheel in the world, known as Vandcwater*s Water Wheel. We challenge the World to produce its equal. It has but recently been introduced to the public, and found to be far in advance of all other wheels, both in power and economy in water, every drop be ing effective, and none wasted. This Wheel Is not in the least affected by baek water. As we prefer them being placed below tail water in every instance, consequently we get every inch of head; they being entirely of cast iron, simple of construction, are not liable to get out of order, and are more durable than any wheel now in use. We have recently put one in operation for George Schley, Esq., at his Belville cotton factory, to whom we would give reference. See certificate annexed. All orders for Wheels or Territorial Rights, will meet with attention by addressing the subscribers. JAGGER, TREADWELL A PERRY. Albany, New York. Or to their Agent, J. J. Kidbe, Augusta. [certificate.] Augusta, Ga., March 24,1851. Jagger, Treadwell A Terry—Gentlemen :—I have the gratification of infonning you that your Vandcwater Wheel was successfully put in operation at my factory last week, and it worked to perfection. Its simplicity, durability, and uniformity of speed, are recommendations alone; butabftve all, its highest encomium is the small quantity of water it takes as compared with other wheels. I have been using one of Reuben Rich's Centre Vent Wheels, of three feet and a half diameter, and eleven inch bucket, the discharge openings measuring 400 inches. I displaced that and put In one of yours of six feet diameter, with discharge open ings measuring 270 inches, and your wheel run the same amount of machinery that the Rich Wheel had driven, and there was a difference in favor of yours of eight inches in the depth of water in the tail race. I feel no hesitation in recommending your wheel to all manufacturers and mill owners, believing it is the greatest wheel of the age. Wish ing you success in the introducton of so valuable an im provement, 1 uiain.Jvery respectfully, yonrs, Ac. mh26-w 1 y GEORGE SCHLEY. IMPORTANT TO MANUFACTURERS. THK SUBSCRIBERS are prepared to supply all kinds of COTTON ANT) WOOLEN MACHINERY, of a superior quality, SHAFTING and MILL GEARING, with improved Coupling and Pulleys, Self-Oiling Hangers (which require oiling only once in three months); LOOMS, of a great variety of Patterns, for Fancy and Twilled Goods, from One to Eighteen Shuttles; also, for Plain Goods, capa ble of running from 150 to 170 picks per minute. They are enabled, from their extensive improvements, to produce YARNS and GOODS, with comparatively little labor; and all Manufacturers, before purchasing their Ma chinery, will do well to visit Philadelphia and vicinity, where they can see the Machinery with all the latest im provements, in full and successful operation; or they can be referred to Factories in almost every State South and West, by addressing a line to the Subscribers. ALFRED JENKS A SON, Feb. 1852. fels-ly Bridesburg, near Philadelphia. N. 11. Plans of Factories, with the location of Machinery, the simplest method of driving, and calculation of speed, furnished free of -charge. wly AUGUSTA FRENCH BURR MILL STONE MANU FACTORY. THK subscriber, thankful for the kind patronage heretofore extended to the late firm of Scuirxuk A Wigaxd, would respectfully inform his friends and the public, that he contin ues to execute orders for his well known Warranted French BURR MILL STONES, of every desirable size, at the lowest price and shortest notice. He also furnishes ESOPUB and COLOGNE STONES, SMUT MACHINES, of various patterns. BOLTING CLOTHS, oHhe best brand, CEMENT, for MID use. And every other article necessary In a Mill. Also, for Planters, small GRIST MILLS to attach to Gin Gears. All orders promptly attended to. WM. R. SCITTRMFR, julS wtf Surviving partner o( Schinner A Wigand. COTTON AND WOOLEN FACTORY FOR .SALE. BY VIRTUE of a Deed of Trust from the Warrior Man ufacturing Company, to the undersigned, as Trustees, dated March the 13th, 1851, and recorded in the Probate’s office, in Book Y, pages *l6, *l7, 718, 719, we will sell at public sale, on MONDAY, the 7th day of JUNE next, in the City of Tuskaloosa, State of Alabama, the following pro perty, conveyed in said Deed, viz: The Cotton and Woolen FACTORY, belonging to the said Warrior Manufacturing Company, with ail the fixtures and machinery. This property consists of about seven acres of ground in Ihe said City of Tuskaloosa. on which are erected the Facto ry buildings. The power is of steam, of one hundred horse power. The machinery is nearly new and complete, con sisting chiefly of 78 Power Looms, 24 Spinning Frames Dead Throstle of 12S Spindles each; 4 Ring Spinning Frames, of 128 Spindles each; 42 Cards; S Speeders, coarse; 2 do. fine; 5 Draw Frames; 6 Railway Draw Heads; 2 Willows; 4 Lappers, with Suction Fans; 1 Machine for covering Rolls; 1 Spiral Gear Cutting Engine; 1 Banding Machine; 110 Loom Beams; 4 Dressers; 4S do. Beams; 5 Warping Frames; 2 Spooling do.; 1 Wool mule of 890 Spindles; one 80 inch Wool Broker; one 24 inch Finisher for Curding Wool Rolls ; one 4b inch Wool Broker; one 86 inch Finish er with Rubber Condenser for manufacturing; 1 Wool Picker; 1 large 15 feet Engine Lathe; one 6 feet Screw Cutting Lathe; 1 large size hand Lathe; 1 small hand do.; 1 Bolt Machine; 1 Universal Chuck; 2 sets Stock and Dies; 1 set Blacksmith Tools complete. The above machinery is propelled by a Double Cylinder Steam Engine, 2 Cylinders of 14 inch bore, 4j* feet stroke, 8 Boilers each 80 feet long, 40 inches in diameter, with two 15 inch flues each. .... The main Factory building is 150 by 50 feet, four stones high, with an Attic. Engine Room 39 by 28 feet. Boiler room and Machine shop 52 by 45 feet, two stories and a half high. Blacksmith and Carpenter’s shop 58 by 32 feet. There is also attached to the Factory 600 feet of 6 inch Steam Pipe, for heating the budding, and 6 large Water Cisterns, with 800 feet of Hose, and C playing pipes for ex tinguishing fire. There is also an Office near the Factory, with two rooms | and furniture, also a large size Iron safe. The whole of the above buildings are built cf brick, and well ventilated. Terms of Sale will be made known by publication, pre vious to the day of sale. J. J. ORMOND, liVnctpea A. S. NICOLSON, J >Tnistccs * Tuskaloosa. February 5,1852. ap£-w3 STRAYED, from my residence in Polk coun- fVw ty, on the Sd inst, a Sorrel HORSE, about 9 rears old, 16 hands high, white face, and I think one white foot behind. He has a very he»vy mane and tail, of a red color. Also, at the same time, strayed, a Bay MARE; no white except two white marks behind the wethers, caused by a buggy saddle; also, a very uncommon mark on the ■harp bone below, ranging downwards from the left eye. The hair is mixed considerably with white, as to make it quite an object at distinction. Said Mare is about 4 year* old, and about 15# hands high. B. J. WILSON. Yedow Stone P. 0., Polk co. aplo-w2 DISSOLUTION. YYTE, the undersigned, have, by mutual consent, dis vf solved our connection in the practice of Law. __ STEPHENS A BIRD, Cntwfordrifle, Ga., April 9, i»i. apll-lm AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY, MAY 12, 1852. WEEKLY CHROME & SENTINEL POETRY. * Froin th* LouistilU Journal. THE HKBT ECLIPSE. • He stood alone upon a dizzy steep, Watching the still, mysterious face of Heaven, And holding silent convene with the stars. His lofty intellect had soared above The petty cares, the dull routine of life. And made itself ablest and happy home Among the planets. And the pale, pure moon, From her rich treasuries of silver light, Had steeped his soul in brightness ’till it grew Part of that soul’s existence, and a strange, Enchanting fascination lured him on To tread the labyrinth of immensity, And seek the mystery he pined to know Amid its windings vast and numberless. Looking for the reality of that Which had sprung up within his bosom like A dream, the bold astronomer had left The children of this world to toil and strive For earthly objects—some to be defeated, »* Others to grow all weary of their greatness, And still live on to smile at public fhvor, Which, fickle and inconstant as the wind, Full often lans the torch of man's ambition, Till, fed by hope, it glows into a flame, Anon to be extinguished by Che breath Which gave it life. His lofty spirit sought Its destiny amid the shining host Os worlds that throng in clusters through the blue And boundless fields of space, their solemn light Falling upon us like the smile of God, Broken by the infinitude of distance To starry gleams. And though the mind may lose Its own immortal brightness in this maze Os high and mystic splendor, yet compare Its knowledge with the bright reality, And lo ! *ti* dim and vague and shadowy As is the very dimmest stars we see Likened unto the sun. It is this strange Uncertainty which makes this study seem So full of wonder and of fearfhl beauty. When darkness, hovering o’er the earth, unlocked His ebon casket and poured forth its gems To glisten on the dewy shrine of night, The full moon shining proudly in their midst, Like a vast pearl ’mid a multitude Os diamonds—that unsleeping devotee Os knowledge loved to stand upon the summit Os his high, rocky home, and gaze upon Tiie glowing firmament. N® human step But his had ever dared to climb along Those rugged battlements which nature's hand Had hurled together till they smote the clouds— -Bave him and one lone eagle, that for years Had made his eyrie on the barren rock, Swept by the blast. Nt living thing had tom The sacred robe of solitude that grew Around that dismal mountain at its birth. It was a fitting watch-tower for his soul To keep its vigils o’er the stars ; it was A fitting altar for that graceful soul To offer its devotion unto God. Through many sleepless nights, of many y«ars. lie studied there, for mighty were the waves Os mystery his spirit strove to stem. But on —he struggled on—still grappling with Their strength—still diving deeper for the truth— Until at last it gleamed upon his sight. And when he bore it bravely upward, through A foaming surge of doubts, until it burst In fair, unclouded splendor on his soul, It was as if Aurora’s hand had rent Some cave within the earth, and poured a flood Os golden sunlight on its crystal walls, Making resplendant that which, unrevealed And in obscurity, were bright. And th*n He made a strange prediction : he foretold That darkness should usurp the reighu of light Upon this earth—that at no distant day, The sun’s broad, burning disk should be obscured. It was a wild and startling prophecy, And some there were who trembled and believed, But the vast multitude derided him, And “laughed to scorn” his daring prophecy, As ’twere a woman’s raving. Consciously That stern philosopher awaits the time , The time that shall fulfil his prophecy, Or dash it to the earth in foul disgrace. The last night has gone by, and the full moon, Still moving toward the sun, has disappeared Before his gaze, and the eventfnl day, Whose coming he has pined for, dawns at last. He saw the earth look up, and blush beneath The warm and soft caresses of the mom. All things grew brighter, save the burning hop® Within his breast. For as the sun arose, Radiant and shadowless, as are the dreams Os youth, those pfte, exquisite dreams that com® Ere yet the buoyant spirit learns to know That life is but a sad reality— E’en while he gazed upon it, there grew up A strange and sinking fear within his heart. And as the morning hours danced blithely on, And the loud chant of mirth, the busy hum Os industry, and the low carol sweet, Os calm content were waft«d to his ear From a vast city that stretched o’er the plain, They seemed to mock him, and iliat fear had grown luto a doubt of his own science. Lo ! O’er nature’s fair and sunny face there crept A ghastly pallor, like the hue of death Stealing the splendor from a cheek and brow Which we had gazed on but an hour ago, And thought it all too beautiful to change. Into the blue and laughing eye of morn There stole a livid light, and a deep spell Os silence seemed to fall Upon the earth, As if its mighty heart had ceased to beat Forever. And the very air ifself Seemed for a moment breathless , as the Joy Os him who watched upon the mountain top, ■Whose very soul was glad amid this reign Os terror. Oh it was a fearful stillness, Like that which lingers round the bed of death While yet the spirit of some cherished one Stands on the threshold of eternity. And as the wall of grief (when it has fled,) Gushing from hearts o’erchargcd with agony, When darkness glows upon the sun’s broad disk, Dashing out all its glory, a wild shriek Os anguish rose upon the raylesa air, A clang of brazen trumpets, and the shout Os maddened multitudes, then seemed to shak® The earth and echo through the universe. They fled from out their marble palaces, And dashed themselves in terror to the ground. It was as if God’s mighty wrath had come Upon his children in their wickedness, And with a fearful vengeance swept the waves Os twice ten thousand oceans o’er the sun, Quenching its light forever. The wild beasts Ran frightened to their dens, as if they sought A shelter from the darkness, and sent forth A dismal howling in the wilderness, While sea-birds screaming flew beneath the waves, To perish, and the lonely eagle swept That watcher of the mountain with her wing, As she soared upward with a plaintive cry To seek and save the young her jealous care Had cradled ’mid the clouds. In such a scene Os horror and despair, the dauntless man Whose genius had foretold this first eclipse, Bowed down his forehead to the ground and breathed A prayer of gratitude to llim who gave That knowledge which had kept his heart from fear Amid the darkness deep. And who was he ? Alas ! therecomcs no answer from the past! Some wave of time has swept his name away Forever from the earth, and there is lost, In the dark sullen sea of apes gone, A brilliant gem that should be gleaming yet tVithin the crown of science. Hut, we sea The menfbry of his genius shining en Bright as the orbs that looked upon its birth. Ahd even as they roll unchanged above The wreek of nations and of human hopes, A watch-fire on the battlements of fame, The glory of his greatness shall endure. Canton Place, La. 808 A. Chloroform and its Bad Effects.—A writer in the Boston Traveler describes chloroform to be a concentrated chloric ether inferior to sulphuric ether, and says that the frequent deaths occasioned by chloroform may be attributed to the use of it while in process of decomposition, and that this is a consequence almost inevitable with the peculiar methods used by some manufacturers. It it is made from corn whiskey, instead of pure alcohol, a poisonous principle called nmyle is eliminated Sulphurous acid is sometimes liable to exist in sul phuric ether. In the use of these articles the sponge is sometimes applied so close to the mouth as to exclude atmospheric air, the effect of which si to occasion asphyxia, frequently causing death when chloroform is substituted for sulphuric either. Another error is alleged to be the softening of the sponge with water, by which the nature of the chloric either is changed. The sulphuric ether recommended by this writer as one producing less arterial excitement, as being leas irritating to the lungs, and as possessing that agreeable odor which has commended chloroform to general use. • Ladies Waistcoats. —The fashion of waistcoats for ladies has been established in Paris and seems to have been quietly adopted without any of the opposition that waa excited by the Bloomer trow ssrs. A Paris letter of the Journal of Commerce says: ‘•The waistcoat for women becomes daily more and more the fashion. White quilted waistcoats are worn for morning dress which are made with tight fitting sleeves fhstenod at the waist by gold buttons, and three rows of narrow Valenciennes laec to match the colar and jabot. The Moilere waistcoat is buttoned to the throat without a collar; small pockets very long and square in front descending below the band. The buttons arc cornelian, agate, turquoise, or simple gold grelots. The waistcoat is accompanied by a eollorette gordons formed of several rows of lace, jabot to match, and deep rufles reaching the knuckles. With plain silk dresses, the vest is indispen pensable; the trimmings match those on the skirt, but it is lined with a different color. The waist coats are made with a pocket from which the gold enamel chain passes to the lowest button at the waist, where it is attached, ar.d decends with a multitude of trinkets suspended on a ring. The steamer J. Stone returned to the city this morning from St. Catherine’s island, where the Wm. Gaston is still aground. The position of the latter is so high as to render it neessary to dig her out. and the work for that purpose has already been commenced, with every prospect of success. The J. Stone brought upon her freight, mails, <tc. — Savannah Republican.. We sec it stated in many of the newspapers ton what authority we know not) that Dr. Kinkle has appropriated ’ the revolutionary funds which he collected in this country to the purchase of a Brewery at Southampton, (England,) where in stead of fomenting revolution in Europe, at the cost of the credulons good people of the United States, he is to turn his attention to the making of beer. The Boston Courier suggests that this article should be called “ Sympathy Beer,” and thinks it would have a great run at the east, were it not for the Maine law. It adds, however, that the Doctor might have done much worse, as many people who have no stomach for fight have a stomach for good drink. Parker Pillsbury writes very despondingly in the Liberator concemng the Abolition cause in Maine, and concerning the State as a “field for Anti-slave ry culture.’’ fie has just completed “ a most fa tiguing and every-way trying campaign” in that State, but the “ meetings were generally small, and in more than one instance failed altogether.” In Portland, he says, “the ranks of the tried and trr.e have been sadly thinned and broken.” Ths Portland Inquirer, the Free-Soil organ in that city, he is informed, is a “ feeble affair altogether.” In’Saco and Biddeford he “ encountered a flood of opposition,” and a meeting held in one those pla ces left him “a dollar and sixty cents out of pock et.” _ Cochineal Raised in Europe. —At a meeting of tac British Entomological Society held at London on the sth ult., we notice that the President, J. O. Westwood, Esq., presented specimens of the so called “new cochineal insect, Coccus Faber," which, it appears, feeds on the common bean and yields a most brilliant color, in all respects resembling the cochineal of Central America. Mr. W. stated that the “cultivation” of the insact hod been com menced on a large scale in the South of France, where it would supply a new and profitable open ing to the labor of the peasantry. Consistency.— A farmer said if he wished to reach the top ofa hay-mow, and put his ladder np on one side and could not do it, and then put his ladder on the other side and accomplished his pur pose, he did not see any fairness in accusing him of inconsistency in the achievement of his pur pose. From the American National Preacher. THE BURIED SEED-CORN; OR LIFE FROM DEATH. A SERMON, By Bev. E. L. Cleveland, D. D., .Yew-Haven, Conn. “Verily, verily, I say nnto yon, except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, It abideth alone ; but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit.”— John xh. 24. It was on the eve of that dread consummation to which our Lord had ever been looking forward with an intense, and often with an agonizing in terest, that he stood in the temple surrounded by an excited crowd, eager to see and hear the won derful being whose mighty deeds had just now reached a glorious climax in the raising of Lazarus from the dead. His luuie had then attained its height. The dead he had raised before; but the miracle at Bethany transcended every previous one, in the fact that it was performed four days after death. All suspicion of mistake or decep tion was removed, and the stupendous power of ,the miracle stood forth to the conviction and a«i toumhment of the nation. From that moment the popular admiration became all but universal. Even the rulers and Pharisees were obliged to confess that “the world liad gone after him.” When he entered Jerusalem, the whole city was moved at his coming ; and his faithful' disciples must have felt that the hour of his triumph was at hand. No doubt their enthusiastic imaginations already figured the scene of liis coronation us King of the Jews and Lord of the World. Even before this, their ambition had been busy in appropriating to themselves the highest seats of power and digni ty under their royal Master. And now, they ques tioned not, the time was come for the realization of their aspiring hopes. Tho moment had arrived when he was to arise in his majesty and restore the kingdom again to Israel.- Jesus also felt that the lftomcnt was at hand when the long night of his adversity would end in a day of honor—iVlien his reproach would be turned to praise, “The hour is come,” said ho “that the Son of man should be glorified.” But the glory he anticipated was not the glory his dis ciples expected. He was not dazzled or elated by the applause he received. The glory of which he spoke was not predicated on the present tide of popularity, whieh seemed destined to raise him to the highest political and religious honors. He knew that the tide would set back ere long, and abandon him to the furv of his enemies. Nor was it temporary glory at all lie had in view ; far other scenes lay in his eye. It was no joy of earth ho sot before him ; no carnal triumph. The glorifica tion to which he alluded was to he realized in tho loss of all worldlv greatness ; vea, in tho lowest depths of degradation and suffering. It was to bo found, net upon a throne, but upon the cross ; or, at least, it was by sueh experience alone that h* was to reach tho scene of his glory. This is evi dent from the words of the text which immediato ly follow the words just quoted respecting the hour of this glorification : “Verily, verily, 1 say nnto you, except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone ; but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit.” Our Lord, foreseeing the disappointment of his disciples when they should witness his crucifixion and death instead of his elevation to regal state and power, made provision for their comfort iu advance, by assuring them that this dark and dreadful chapter in his history was indispensable to that great and blessed result which he lie came on earth to accomplish. It was notan unforscen accident; it was not an in cidental loss—but a necessary part of his mediato rial work. It behooved him thus to suffer. In deed, without tho suffering, he could not gain the joy ; without the shame ho could not win tho glory. As tho soed-corn cannot produce the plant unless it first undergo a species of vegetable de composition, so he could not bo glorified unless he first suffered an ignominious death, and descend ed to a malefactor's grave. When, therefore, tho disciples should see their Lord suspended on the cross, or laid in the tomb, they need not be cast down, as though all their hopes were for ever ex tinguished. On the contrary, they Bhould reflect, for their comfort, that this lowest step in the pro cess of humiliation is essential to the accomplish ment of that ascending series of triumphs which is to terminate in his coronation at the right hand of God. But while Jesus thus graciously provided for the consolation of his followers in their approaching hour of tribulation, Jieat the same time uttered a truth of vital importance to the Christian system, and universalin its bearings upon the actions ot men. It is a clear and unambiguous annouuoe ment of the fundamental principle of human re demption. The death of Christ is here set forth in no subordinate relation to liis mediatorial work. It holds a primary position. Death enters into the essential elements of his expiation. lie suffered this consequence of sin, not because it lay in liis way blit lie chose this way beeauic it led to death. The mouldering and partial decay of tho seed is not an unimportant accident in tho process of germination. On the con trary, it is indispensable to reproduction. It is put into tlie ground to the very end that it may die, und so live again. “Except it full into the ground and die, it abideth alone ; but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit." The death of Christ sustains a similar relation to the work of redemp tion. If he had not died, no benefit whatever whatever would have resulted from liis mission ; but inasmuch as he did experience dissolution, a glorious harvest of blessings has been gathered in consequence. This event, then, is the great, cen tral fact of his history. Hero was concentrated the bitterest dregs of the cup which was given him to drink ; this was tho agony that pressed him to the earth in Gethsemane—that “wrung his bosom’s eoro,” and fovoc-1 the bloody sweat. It was all connected with the final death scene. Everything pointed to the sacrifice on the cross as the all ab sorbing fact of Christianity. To this referred the unconscious prophecy of the high priest, when he said, “It is expedient that one man should dio for the people, that the whole nation perish not.” To this, also, refer those words of Christ, “And I, if I be lifted up, will draw all men unto meim plying that his uplifting was indispensable, not onlv ns one link in the chain, but as the great event of his incarnation, for which all others were but a preparation, and upon which liungthc whole ques tion of man’s redemption. The crueifiction was the subject of that inquiry, “Ought not Christ to have suffered these things to enter into his glo ry !” Was it not necessary, if man was to be saved, that the Messiah should suffer death ? No truth of Christianity is declared more frequently, or in a greater varieiy of forms, than that “ with out shedding of blood is no remission.” To deny, therefore, that Christ became incarnate on purpose to suffer death, as the great event of his mission, nnd to affirm instead, that he died merely because death lay across his path, and he must suffer it or forego his benevolent design, is to oppose the entire current of Scripture, and to degrade that stupendous sacrifice to a level with common martyrdom. Martyrs suffer death be cause it meets them on their way, and they cannot avoid it witlioutturning aside from the Christian race. Has the deatli of Christ no higher signifi cance ! Is lio only the first great martyr in the Christian cause ? If so, then neither in respect to his sufferings nor his fortitude has he the pre-emi nence over liiß disciples. Thousands have suffered deaths as ignominious, and far more excruciating, with less expression of pain. Thousands of saints have passed through the extremest agonies, not on ly without a groan, but with triumphant songs of holy joy—while their divine master cried out un der'tfie anguish of his spirit, and made complaint to God. Is it credible that he had no more to suf fer than they ? Is it worthy of a moment’s belief, that, like other holy martyrs, he had only to endure in that dark hour the contradiction of sin ners against himself? No; in the sorrows of Gethsemane, in the groans and lamentations of Cal vary, we read a deeper meaning. Undoubtedly there was a bitterness in this death that can be pre dicated of no other since tho world began. It was the bitterness of sin, not his own, but of the race, for which he died. Ho tasted death for every man —for every man’s sins. “Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for ns.” “Hi hath made him to be sin for ns, who knew no sin, that we might be made the righteousness of Godin him.” For one who knew no sin to be made sin, must mean to be made a sin offering. The Jewish idea of a sin offering was that of a victim sacrificed on account of some offense com mitted, by means of which the offender was re leased from certain penal liabilities, which he must otherwise have suffered. This must have been the idea conveyed by the language in question to Paul’s immediate readers. This is the senso at tached to it by tho Church in every age, and this alone agrees with sound Christian experience. Hers, then, was the source of our Saviour’s agony, and this was the solemn import of his death. lie died that he might put away sin by the sacrifice of himself and bring many sons and daughters unto God. Butin doing this, he had te bear unearthly sufferings. His sensitive and affectionate nature had to endure the awful hidings of his Father’s face. Here was that death and that depth of ago ■v in death, referred to in the text. I know it is affirmed that we are not to suppose that the reality in this sublime scene, oxaetiy corresponds with the appearance. It is a representation, we are told, and we must be content te take what it expresses, as if it were real. To this chilling and ghastly theory, I have only time to say, that it is alike repugnantto Scripture and to the confiding impulses or a genuine piety. On this point, Dr. Chalmers holds the follow ing impressive language: “It was not the parade of an unreal suffering that he (the Saviour) had te en counter ; but a deep and dreadful endurance. It was net a triumphant promenade through this low er world, made easy over ail it* obstacles by the en ergies of his Godhead ; but a conflict of toil and of stronuousness. It was not an egress from heaven on a journey brightened through all its sta ges by the hope of a smooth and gentle return ; but it was such an exile from heaven as made his ascent and his re-admittance there the fruit of a hard won victory. We have nothing but the facts of revelation to guide or inform ns ; and yet from these we most assurledvgather that th» Saviour, in stepping down from the elevation of his past eter nity, incurred a substantial degradation; that when he wrapped himself i« the humanity of our nature, he put »n the whole of its infirmities and sorrows ; that, for the joy which he renounced, he became acquainted with grief, and a grief, too, commensu rate to the whole burden of our world’s atone ment : that tbs hidings of his Father’s counte nance were terrifying to his soul; and when the offended justice of the Godhead was laid upon his person, it required the whole strength of the Godhead to sustain it. What mean the agonies of the garden? What mean the bitter cries and complainings of aban donment upon the cross? What meaneth tho prayer that the cup might pass away from him; and the’ struggle of a lofty resolution with the agonies of a mighty and unknown distress; and the evi dent symptoms of a great and toilsome achievement throughout the whole progress of this underta king; and angels looking down from their emi nences, as on a fi.ld of contest, where a great Captain had to put forth the travailing of his strength, and to spoil principalities and powers and to make a show of them openly ? Was there nothing in all this, do you think, but the mockery of a humiliation that was never felt; the mockery of a pain that was never suffered; tie mockery of a battle that was never fought? No; be assured that there was on that day a real vindication of God’a insulted majesty. On that day there waa the real transference of an avenging hand from the heads ol the guilty to the head of the innocent. On that day one man died for the people, and there was an actual laying on ot the iniquities of us all. It was a war of strength and of suffering in highest possible aggravation, because a tear c/ elements which were iririntfe.'' We have now seen how the principle of the text realizes its first great fulfilment in the work of re demption. Here we have eternal life through the death of the Prince of Life. Not until the cause of Christianity seemed utterly ruined, was the corner stone of its prosperity fairly laid. When its divine Author bowed his head and gave np the ghost, the hearts of his disciples, in sympathy with the preternatural darkness that veiled tie hour, sank m despair of the kingdom they hoped to see, while his enemies raised the shout of triumph over their fallen victim. Yet the despondency of the former and the exultation of the latter were equally groundless. From that very death, the subject of so much lamentation and rejoicing, sprang the germ of an endless life. Then, for the first time, was death itself conquered; then was bruited the head of him who had wielded the power of death; then was laid the foundation of that righteousness which is the only basis of reconciliation with God; then, with the ’ rending of the temple-vail, waa opened the way jaw the bolieet by the bleed of Jesus: then, indeed, were uplifted the flood-gates of blessing upon onr world. The death of Christ f what has it not procured for us ! What good thing have we in this world, whst hope for in that which is to come, that we did not receive through this great event ? “Verily, except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone ; but if it die, it bnngeth forth much fruit.” What anim mense harvest has this death produced! Once it was but a handful of corn in the top of the moun tains; now, the fruit thereof shakes like Lebanon And we cannot but notice here the ratio and the tow of increase. A single grain of weat, by moul ding in the earth, not only reproduces itself in a new and more beautiful form of life, but it multi plies itself many-fold. For one, you have hun dreds. By venturing all, you receive your own with interest. This vegetable death takes your seed-corn, and, after well-nigh destroying it re turns it to you, no longer the little handful of pre cious grain, but full measure, shaken together pressed down, and running over. In the text, Christ represents himself as such a seed-corn, undergoing death, that he may bring forth much fruit. It was but one seed planted two thousand years ago; but who can estimate the rate of its increase ! From that single germ have sprung ail the plants of righteousness which have gladden ed the earth. How mauy have already been gather ed and like shocks of corn fully ripe in their season. What rich and extensive 'harvests arc still glistening in the sun, and whitening for the sickle! And when all that future ages shall give to Christ, even to the tost gleanings of the vintage, are secured, aud the angel-reapers shall shout the harvest-homo; aud of all the myriads which have passed in vision before the patriarch of Mamre, as the stars of heaven and as the sands upon the sea-shore, not one shall be missing in that iinal assemblage,—then will there be formed a company which no man can number, but all aud each of whom cau trace back their .rigin to that one precious seed promised in Isaac and planted on Calvary, and of whom the whole family is named. And then, oh! then will they lift the shout of praise like the voice of many waters, say ing : “Worthy is the Lamh that was slain to re ceive riches and honor and blessing; for thou hast redeemed ns out of every tongue und kindred and people and nation under heaven, and hast made us kings and priests unto God.” This thought brings to view that most precious and comforting doctrine, the union of Christ and his followers. The life in tlio seed-corn and the life in the fruit is one and the same. So also is the life of Christ and his members. It is His Spirit that dwells in them and forms his image on their souls. It produces the same miud in them that was also in Christ Jesus. Being thus engrafted into Christ, believers are subject to the same law of self-denial to which he submitted in the days of his flesh, and which he toys down in the text. They also must undergo a species of moral death, before they can enter into life. This thought is expressed in the words following the text: “lie that loveth his life shall lose it; and he that hateth his life in this world, shall keep it unto life eter nal.” In other words: hg who lives only to please himself, will fail of life’s great end; while lie who sacrifices his personal comforts, oven to the extent of toying doing life itself, when duty to Christ re quires it, will certainly secure all that is valuable here, and an incorruptible inheritance hereafter. Thus one pertains to the Master, and thedtociple; and, surely, it is enough for the disciple that he bo as his Master; enough for the servant that he be as his Lord. And if we are to share in his joy and triumph, we must expect also to share in his sor row and his humiliation. “If one died for all,” affirms the apostle, “then were all dead.” “Know ye not that so many of us as were baptized into Christ, were baptized into his death 1” Not only was he crucified, but we, says Paul, are crucified with him. Not literally indeed, but spiritually. This is that denial of self, that death unto sin, fore shadowed in the text: “Our old man is crucified with him, that the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin.” It is by sueli a crucifixion that the believer becomes first united to Christ. In the pride and fullness of the unrenewed man, he feels himself to be strong and rich, nnd in need of nothing for his soul, for which he has not in creature good an ample supply. He may bo conscious indeed of ignorance and folly, but that is the result of carelessness and neglect, which can be easily remedied. He may be sensible that he has led a sinful life, but that he can repent of and reform. He supposes that God is offended with his evil conduct, hut he can appease him by good behavior. He will not lay claim to much per sonal righteousness now, but he thinks he can readily acquire it. Ho fancies in himself, or at hand, all the resources he needs for any emergency likely to arise. He is whole, and needs no physi cian ; lie is strong, and needs no help. He takes counsel only of himself; lives only for himself. God is not in all his thoughts. Now, the problem is, how to transtote this sols-complacent and self sufficient rebel from the service of Satan to the ser vice of Christ, and clothe him with the graces of the Spirit. It is a great change, and can be effect ed only through the agency of death. The man must die before he can live; nay, he must suffer a most painful death ;he must be crucified. So was it with persecuting Saul: “I was alive without the law once ; but when the commandment came, sin revived, aud I died.” The strong man of the heart will keen his goods in peace, until a stronger than he, tiie Holy Spirit, cometh and taketh away that wherein he trusted, and spoileth him of his fanciod wealth. The scantiness and rottenness of his own merits become more and more apparent as the spiritual illumination increases. It is a severe conflict, to give up ns worthless what he had fain hoped would luive met with divine acceptance. It is like tearing the flesh flora his hones. He contends for every inch of ground, and surrenders one claim after anothor only when it to possible to hold it no longer. At last, there remains but a single plank of the vessel in which he had fondly hoped to have made a successful voyage to heaven. To this he clings. For this he makes desperate light. There is renewed and concentrated the in tenscSt spirit of the war. The controversy is re duced now to a single point. It is his tost hope; and to fail seems like throwing himself into the abyss of perdition. He dares not relinquish his hold; yet ho must. ’Tis death if I do, he says. Tes, it is the very death he must die, or never bo saved. It is dying to his own righteousness, whioh is dying unto sin, that he may live unto the right eousness of God. This letting go the tost hope founded upon any doings of his own, before his feet have yet touched the roek Christ Jesus, may well be called dying. It is such often, in the agony of the process. It is such always in the change wrought upon the Spirit in regard to its former de pendences, hopes, joyß, and fears. He who has experienced this death, no longer trusts to his own righteousness. All his works have become as filthy rags in his sight. lie now loathes himself for the very things which once made him proud. He no longer trusts in his own strength. He has proved that to be utter weakness, and he dares not rely upon it for one moment. He no longer fives to please himself alone. Such an object of fife seems mean and contemptible and wicked in his eyes, and he turns away from it with abhorrenoe. In these, and many other respects, he is dead unto sin. Ho is also crucified to the world. He re nounces its principles; he is indifferent to its plea sures. Its riches aud honors cease to dazzle and intoxicate him. He recoils from its companonship, as neither safe nor congenial. But the change wliioli has passed evor him is not all death. He has not lost all bis former enjoy ments, to receive nothing in their place. As in the case of the decomposed corn of wheat, this very death Ims evolved a new principle oflife. True, says the subject of this experience, “ I am cruci fied with Christ, nevertheless I live: yetnot I,but Christ liveth in me.’' For the righteousness he has renounced, he finds a better in the Lamb of God, who taketh away the sin of the world. In place of his own strength, he has an almighty arm on which to lean. Tlmtlsve once fixed upon him self is now placed upon an infinitely worthier ob ject. Tho pleasures of the world give place to the joys of communisn with God, while the Bociety of the pious has a charm which he never found in that of the ungadly. He dies unto himself just because he lives unto God. But for this new ob joct of interest and affection, the old never could have been dispossessed. Christ alone can cast out Satan. Until Jesusenters and ascends the throne, the enemy holds his place and power. Butin this death-birth Christ is formed in the soul, the hope of glory. He becomes a new centre of attraction —a new object of worship and service—a new power wherewith to subdue the hosts of sin, and win the prize of life. From this moment the meth od of operoption is reversed. The subject of the change had ever proceeded on the principle that holiness is the way to pardon. He now takes the ground that pardon is the way to holiness. AH hope of making progress by works alone is taken away. Overwhelmed with conscious guilt and ruin, his very first request is, that all may be for given. Without this, he dare not, cannot take the first step in obedience. With s« dark a cloud of condemnation hanging over him, what can he do ? How can he work the works of righteousness ? His utmost endeavors cannot turn away the wrath of God; and yet, till it is turned away, he can ren der no acceptable service, for “ they that are in the flesh cannot please God.” It is impossible, there fore, to make a beginning en the path of reforma tion, until by an act of sovereig* grace, proceeding on the basis of Christ’s righteousness, his sins are pardoned, and his person justified before God.— To obtain such an amnesty is the sinner’s first care; till this is gained, everything is at a stand. The moment it is granted, the emancipated soul beunds forward on the way of holy obedience, with a stop the more elastic, and a zeal the more generous, because he is already forgiven. He runs not that he may find, but because he has found a Saviour. Finally, the text reminds ns of the last glorious change which awaits the believer. It does not belong to the present economy to complete the work of sanctification on this sine of the grave. So intimate is the connection of the Binning sonl and its fallen companion, the body, and so powerful for evil is the influence of the lat ter upon the former, that the spirit never can rise to the perfection of holiness and bliss while it re mains a tenant of the flesh. This earthly clod will ever hang as a heavy drag npon its purest and loftiest aspirations. Hence in this tabernacle the saints “do groan, being burdened ; not for that they would be anciothed, but clothed upon with their house which is from heaven, that mortality may be swallowed up of life ” This ardent desire of the renewed mind cannot be realized but by the intervention of death. That dreaded change is a necessary Btepfin the sublime process which be gines in regemration, and is consummated in the resurrection. “ Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone ; but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit.” W T e have seen how this was realized in the person of Christ. His people also must follow him through that dark passage on their way to glory. So completely has the body sympathized with the indwelling spirit in its guilty revolt; so fearfully has it suffered from the shock and ruin of the fall; so wrecked has it been bv the terrific storm which has passed °. Ter it; so diseased is it in every part by the polluting contagion of sin, that, to become a fit temple for the ransomed and perfected soul, it most be taken down and utterly demolished —it moat go into a dissolution, and then be raised again a new and spiritual torn, made like unto Christ s glorious b£dy, purged from the laet stains of sin, and fitted for the residence of a pore and spotless soul—no longer a hindrance to worship, but a perfect and powerful instrument of expression and actio*, giv ing full and complete effect to the sublimeat thoughts and most ecstatic emotions the soul wish es to utter, to the most difficult services it desires to perform. Then, “when this corruptible shall have put on ineoeruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortaility, then shall be brought to pass the saving that is written, Death is swallow edup in victory. O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is tby victory! Thanks be to God who giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ. Therefore,! my beloved brethren, be ye steadfast, unmovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, for as much as ye know that your labor is not in vain in the Lord.” Kit Wist. —A correspondent of the Albany Register, describes Key West aa, a most dslight fuTresidenoe. There are more stir days and dear skies, and less cloudy and rainy weather at Key West, than any other place in the United States. There are about 260 fair days in each year, while on the Northern Lakes there are only 117. The climate is wonderfully uniform. The annual range of temperature it only 78 degrees. During «ix rears the mercury never rose above 9*, nor sunk below 44. The mean temperature of summer is only nine degrees higher than at Fort Bneiling, town. MISCELLANY Corrttfondtnct of the Commercial Adtertisor. From China. Shandhxi, Feb. 17,1859. We are just on the eve of the Chinese new year. It begins with the first day ot the first moon after the sun enters Aquarius, which occurs this year on the 20th of February. It is the great holiday of the Chinese people, and so far as cessation from labor is concerned, may be culled their annual Sabbath, for it is the only season in the whole year in which the shops are closed and business of all kinds is ttniversally suspended. It docs iu fact im press you strongly with the idea of a Sabbath in a Christian land, until you come to one of tho numer ous temples and shrines, when the illusion, if you were indulging it, is at once dispelled by the pain ful sight of multitudes prostrating themselves be foer hideous iihagesof clay and wood, and burning incense sticks, wax caudles und gilt or tin-foiled puper, to propitiate these imaginary doities. The practice of making new-years calls is carried on os extensively throughout this empire as it is by the good pooplo of Gotham, and can boast an antiquity of some thousands of years. It has, how ever, a different name. It ia called “worshipping the year." Oil thia occasion, when a Chinaman meets a friend, either at his house or in the Btreets, each clasps his own hands, instead of the others, and bows his head almost to the ground, very slojr ly und ceremeniously, a number of times. As this operation must always be performed with due pre cision and solemnity, wherever one chance to meet his friends, the narrow streets are sometime quite obstructed, when two scrupulously polite persona ges full in ouch other’s way on the public thorough tar*. It is also a great occasion for sonding presents— very often, I know from personal observation—for the express purposes of getting one of greater value in return. For instance, a Chinaman sends you n ham or a shoulder of mutton, a fowl or twp, and some vegetables and fruit. You may he sure lie has his eye upon something of yours, and if you are at all Blow m taking the hint, lie begins to admirq your watch, perchance, and intimates in no une quivocal terms, that it would be acceptable as a return for his present. This polito way of beg ging, is perhaps, more extensively practised in their intercourse with foreigners, than among themselves; though it is by no means certain that it does not prevail as widely in the native circles. This season is also the “Fourth of July” of Chi nese boys, and for several days preceding and fol lowing the first day of the year, the incessant popiugoffire crackers, “double headors”e< idgo nueomne, would almost make one fancy himself in the Park at New York on the “Fourth," if he could •nly shut his eyes, to the scene around him. The nights, too, are illuminated by sky rockets, Roman eandlcß, miniature volcanoes, and the like; but all, far inferior to the displays of pyrotecliny in the United States. The twenty-third of the last month in the yeur is an important day among ttieso idolaters. In every house there is placed over the cooking range a rude figure coarsely painted on a bit of paper. Tliis is called the kitchen god, and is set up at the beginning of ea*h year, and is supposed to take cognizance cf overv thing that passes in tho family during the year. Then ut its close the paper kitch en god is taken down from his niche in tile wall ana placed on a table, more frequently, though al lowed to remain in his customary place, and feast ed upon small balls made of rico, flour, oranges, walnuts, and some other products of tho vegetable kingdom, but neither fish flesh nor fowl. In addition to those, a very udhesive kind of candy is placed before his godship, made in tlie form of Spanish dollars and lumps of Syoco silver. The design of this shape is to promote the increase of wealtli in the family, and tliedesign of the stick ing quality of tho candy is to seal the lips of tho god when he is sent up to tho chief of tlio Chinese celestial deities to report the conduct of tho differ ent members of tho family during tlie past year; so that when he is questioned,‘he cannot open his lips to relate the deviations from rectitude ho may have observed, but can|only nod his head, which is taken as signifying that all have behaved well in the family where he presided. But how is he sent up to heaven ? After having been duly feasted, and worshipped, he is put into a kind of pan, with some incense sticks ana gilt paper, and the whole is set on fire. When all is consumed, tho kitchen ged is supposed to have ascended to the skies, to tlie presence of FuK-wang Shang-te, to render] in his account with tens of thousands of his comrades from the swarming families of this vast empire. Truly, a sad pieture of heathen degradation and superstitious credelity. For the last two or three winters, some of tho be nevolent foreigners at this place have got up a sub scfiption’to establish and sustain a “ soup kitchen,” from whieh hundreds of begars and destitute poor •fthe native population receive a bowl of riee soup, or congee every morning. Tickets ore dis tributed to them on a bridge crossing a canal not for from the kitchen; and each one receiving his ticket can pass over and get hiabowl of congee. Strange as it may appear to you, a kind of broker age is carried on with these tickets, and many, particularly opium smokers, who prefer a few u cash,” to lay outin the purchase of tnis pernicious drug, will soil their tickets at half their value, even while they are almost starving from want of tood. 8* inveterate is’ tho grasp by which this destruc tive habit holds its victims. Such an assemblage of squalid wretchedness as congregates each morn ing at the bridge before mentioned, to receive tickets for soup,” you certainly, I think, never saw, and would find it difficult to imagine. Beg gars of every possible description, from decropid ago to prattling infancy—many clad in mats of straw, with not even a rag of cloth, literally speak ing, to screen them from the cold or to hide their nakedness—while others, a little better off, are sup plied with rags, and that is all. There is a class who correspond te tho character and habits of gip sies in Europe, and who flock to Shanghai in win ter, and disappear with the return of warm weath er. Witli these, as with a vast number of con stant residents here, beggary is a regular business, and they seem to thrive on it, for a fatter, healthier looking sort of people, I never saw. They come among the rest to avail themselves of the bounty of the foreigners, and it is often quite an interest ing, not to say an affecting sight, to see a mother with a fat, chubby, smiling, naked babe, suspend ed in her bosom by a band of rags passing over her shoulders. This little nursling is taught, as soon as it can direct its tiny arms, to hold out its hand to every passer-by for a cash or two. It is im possible to resist the mute ploading of theso pretty gipsy babies, and if you go out with a pocket full ot copper cash, you will find it empty when yon return, if many of those boggnrs have crossed your path. T. The Chances cf Life. —Among the interesting facts developed by the recent census are some in relation to the laws that govern life sad death.— They are based upon returns from the State of Maryland, and a comparison with previous ones. The calculation it is unnecessary to explain, but the result is a table from which we gather the fol lowing illustration: 10,268 infants nro bom on the same day and en ter upon life simultaneously. Os these, 1248 never reach the anniversary of their birth; 9,025 com mence on tho second year; but tho proportion of deaths still continues bo great that at the end es the third only 8,188, or about four-fifths of the original number, survive. But during the fourth yearthe system seems to acquire more strength, and the number of deaths rapidly decreases. It goes om increasing until twenty-one, the com mencement of maturity a*d the period of highest health. 7,184 enter upon the activities and res ponsibilities oflife—more than two thirds of the original number. Thirty five comes, the meridian of manhood, 6,802 have reached it. Twenty years more, and the ranks are thinned. Only 4,727, or less than half of those who entered life fifty-five years ago, are left. And now death comes more frequently. Every year the ratio of mortality steadily increases, and at seventy there are not a thousand survivors. A scattered few live on to the close of the century, and at the age of one hundred and six the drama is ended; the last man is dead.— Albany Journal. Mysterious AffaiA.—We understand that a ne gro man waa found in the Oconee River, near what is known as White Bluff, in this county, a few days since, and on being taken out, it was thought to have been a bullet hole discovered through liis head. Coroner Hansell summoned an inquest, aud Drt. Brantley and Jernigan made an examination. The Doctors say that the body must have been dead ten or twelve days, and the body is identified as a negro whe belonged to Gen. Sanford, of Mil ledgeville, who ran away about that time, was seen by some gentlemen, who got dogs and chased him into the swamp. One young man who was in the ehase ran to the river side but saw nothing of the negro, and the dogs after swimming about some time, cams out. This young man, Mr. Ennis, saw no gun in the crowd—knew of no pistol—heard no report of fire-arms, and thinks he would have heard any that might have been discharged. After such testimony the jury actumed a verdict that the negro eame to his death by a gunshot wound, whieh entered the left temple and passed out just above the right ear, and that said wound was inflicted by the hand of some person unknown te them. Sueh is the information which we have derived from the officers snd persons who attended the in quest.—Sandsrsville Georgian, lit instant. Natal. —The U.S. brig Porpoise, Lieut. Cemd’g. Edmund R. Thompson, was at Porto Grand, Is land of Bt. Vincent, on the 26th March—all well. The Porpoise sailed on a cruise the latter part of December, to the west coast of Africa, begin ningat the river Gambia on the North. She has visited all the rivers of Senegambia, the Nunez Juba, Pongas and the Debriea, and the towns of Medina, Bangola, Deminga, Rapas, Devil’s Island, and Factory, besides numerous other towns aud Tillages. In many instances the brig could not, on account of her draught of water, get far enough up these rivers to reach the towns; in tiiese cases they were obliged to proceed in open boats, the of ficers and men being exposed for two or three days and nights, and on one occasion for a week, to the unwholesome malaria always on the banks and vicinities of the rivers. They have had several coses offerer aboard, consequently, bat they have without exception yielded to treatment. The P. is the first American man-of-war that has ever performed this cruise. The natives general ly are very friendly to our traders. In some towns they are in a state of perpetual warfarq; commerce is neglected. Thousands of bushels of pea nuts (one of the staple commodities of the country) lying ready to be gathered, and no one to attend to them. An average of 80,000 bushela are annu ally shipped to France, where they are converted into the best Olive oil, and exported into all coun tries. The coffee produced there is very fine; the trees which in the Indies are mere bushes, grow wild and to an enormous sise. The grain is very small, bat es sxquisite flavor. The cruise of the Porpoise was made at the re quest of some Boston and Salem merchants, who considered our commerce along this coast as in a ver j precarious condition, and urged the occasion al visits of our ships es wsr, ss the only means of sustaining it. The Porpoise had bean abssnt near ly two years, having sailed Juna, 1850. Steamboat Insurance os the Ohio River.—A report made to the Treasury Department states that in the year 1851, the steamboats and their car goes, insured in Pittsbnrg, Wheeling, Louisville snd Cincinnati, amounted to $81,811,440, and that the losses incurred amounted to $487,484.66. Os the steamboats and cargoes there were insured in Cincinnati to the amount of $17,038,489; in Lou isville $10,185,855; in Pitteburg $4,822,829: and in Wheeling $764,767. The losses were divided as follows: Cincinnati $257,428.48; Louisvillesl47,- 882.1 T ; Pittsburg $30,484.98; Wheeling $11,989.- 08. The number of steamboats owned and enrolled in these four cities, respectively, in the year 1851, was 880, which were distributed as follows : Pitts burg 112 ; Wheeling 46; Cincinnati, 111; Louis ville 61. The aggregate tonnage of these boots amounted to 64,297 tone, of which 16,942 tons belonged to Pittsburg ; 7,190 tons to Wheeling; 24,985 to Cincinnati and 15,180 tone to Louisville. The total number of passengers to and from the four cities named above, shieflv carried on these steamers, was, for the year, 8.050.026. The num ber of steam beats destroyed in the course of the year, belonging to these four cities, was forty-two, of which number nineteen were surged and thirteen bnraed. The total number of lives lost in these several disaster* was 482. VOL. LXVI.—NEW SERIES VOL. XVI.—NO. 19. A Donkey In • Ball Room. Mr. Kendall writing from Paris to tho New Or leans Picayune, describes the following scene in a Paris ball room: “A highly ludicrous incident occurred a few evenings since at the Casino Paganini, a large ball room located at the head of a passage leading out of the Chuussee d’Antin, and which is much fre quented this season by a mixed and miscellane ous crowd. The orchestra had just struck up the Gallop du Ckenin de Fer, (Railroad Gallop), and the merry dancers had taken their places, when into the room bolted n donkey, snorting aud bray ing at the top of his powerful lungs, and, joining in the gallop, went round tho large salle with a perfect rush. Never was such a stempedo seen in a ball room. Tho now affrighted dancers scattered in every direction, and ‘ sieli a gittin’ up stairs,’ such a jumping upon chairs and tables, and such a climbing lip pillars, up to that moment had never been witnessed in tlie Casino Paganini, or any other casino. Tue police were struck dumb at tlie stange appiratiou, tho musicians dropped their instruments aud fled in terror, while the donkey kept galloping on his mad flight, careering in cir cles around the room amid the wild screams of the hundreds of women, all only bent upon seekiag places of safety. “ Wliat conld have brought such an intruder in to a dancing hall no one could imagine, but it wus afterwards ascertained that the donkey lmd been left by his master standing before a door in Clians see d’Aatin, und that, struck by ono of tho carria ges continually passing through that noted tlip roughfare, and frightened by the rattling ot others, hq had suddenly started off’ at tlie top of liis speed. The more lie ran, as is always tho case, tho more frightened he became, and iu liis flight, seeing tlie passags leading to the Casino, ho bolted into it for refuge. But poor refuge did lie find; for he now lmd to ruu a gauntlet of ut least forty coachmen, always stationed in tlie passage on tlie lookout for customers, who, yelling and cracking their whips at him, further increased liis terror and liis pace. The saloon is on the first floor, und without stop ping to procure a tickot of admission, but knock ing over ths astonished door-keeper in his head long sareer, tlie poor brute made his advent among tlie dancers, ns already mentioned. ‘ Solitary and alono lie sat that ball iu motion,’ and commotion, too. Without stopping to select a partner, ho joined iu tlie grand gallop, and at a stride which soon distanced every tiling on the track. “ After u half a dozen turns around the saloon, and to music of his own composition and perform ance, he finally cooled or tired himsnlf down, came to his senses, and quietly commenced a survey of the premises. From tliis out ho is suid to have been tho pet of tlie evening, the female portion of tho crowd iu particular pressing around him, and regaling him plentifully with cakes anil other no tions. When the ball was over, ho was sont by tho commissary of police to the public pound, and thus euded tlie doings of a donkey in a dancing saloon. The adventures of tho celobratod bull in the china shop were ns nothing in comparison; that animal simply confined liis operations to breaking plates, cups, and saucers, but tho hero of tlie Cusmo Paganini for a space broke up a ball. Departure of Emigrants for Liberia.— I Tlio ship Ralph Ross sailod from this port on Saturday, under the auspices of tho American Colonization Society, with a largo and rospoctabio body of emi grants fo&Xiiberio, whose preparationisfor departure wo have heretofore spoken of. Their embarka tion was ns usual a sccno of much interest, n large number of tlioir friends and others being in attend ance to witness tlioir departure and bid them fare well, and the occasion also being improved by ap propriate religious services. Tho emigrants who leave here are ninety-five in number, twenty-four of whom are from Maryland, twenty-two from Mis souri, twenty-throe from Now Jersey, and tlie re mainder from Philadelphia and othor localities. Tlie ship will touch at Norfolk, where she will bo joined by anothor large body of emigrants, making tlie entire number which will go out in her, well on to two hundred. Os tlioso who will join tlio ex pedition at Norfolk a large proportion are manu mitted slave* from different parts of Virginia. Tlio emigrants are generally of tho most rospoctabio class, intelligent, healthy, and likely to bocomo valuable citizens of tho infant Republio. They are well provided with nil necessary articles in tho way of outfit, and take with them a quantity of agricul tural implements and tools, wliioh will he of use to them in their new home. The vessel is well ar ranged for tlioir comfort, and their safe and spoody arrival out may be reasonably anticipated. Tho Rt. Rev. Bishop Payne, missionary bishop of the Episcopal Church iu Africa, returns in the vessel to the field of his labors, with tlie means of adding to liis usefulness. Ho is accompanied by several other missionaries. Several colored men also go out in the vessel for tlie purpose of exam ining into the condition of tlio country, and of re porting to those who sont thorn, und who contem plate emigrating thither. Tlie barque Liberia Packet, wliioh it is understood will sail from hero early in the fiill, it is expected will also take out a numerous hody of emigrants.—Just. Arm-., cf Monday. Alabama and Tennessee River Railroad. —The Selma Reporter of Friday says : The Board of Directors of tho Alabama and Tonnessce Eiver Rnilroud met in this city on last Monday, und are still in session ut the writing of this notice and probably will bo until tlie end of tlie week. There is a full meeting of tho Board, all of tlie Directors being present from tho eiißt side of the Coosa. Business of much importance, wo understand, is before the Board. Among many other things they are devising means for letting out, in the course of a few months, tlie grading of that portion of tlie route wliioh lies between Montevnllo and tho Coosa river. Tlie prospects of tlio road never were more flattering than at present. Tlio grading of the road on tho other side of tlie Coosa is progressing rapidly ; tho laying of tho track from tliis place is being pushed forward as speedily as it can be ; and now wo have assurances that that portion of the line between Montevallo and the Coosa river will be put under contract at once. Emisration.—The total arrivals at Now York from foreign ports during the month of April were 368 vosscls, measuring in the aggregate 169,- 216 tons, and bringing 29,147 passengers. The following table shews tho comparative number of passengers who have arrived in this city, from foreign ports during tho first four months of three years:— Com.iAdv. 1850. 1851. 1852. January 18,977 17,240 12,709 February 8,390 10,020 6,570 March 6,690 18,108 28,176 April 16,952 80,582 29,147 Total 40,609 75,900 71,601 Memphis and Charleston Railroad.—We un derstand, that tho Memphis and Charleston Rail road Company, who take possession of the Ten nessee Valley Railroad on the Ist of June next, and then immediately proceed to reconstruct it, have made an arrangement with the Messrs. Sims, by which they, after that day, carry tho mail und passengers in four horse couches from Decatur to Tuscumbia. If ncccssarv, they will run thoir coaches twice or thrice daily—passengers will suf fer no detention, no matter what the number may be.— HumtevilU Adcecate. A Poison Spbino.—We saw a package on the steumer Logan yesterday, addressed to Prof. Silli man and Dr. Yandell, and which wo learned eon tained a quantity of water taken from a spring near Logansport, Ky., which is said to boa deadly poi son. The water is certain death to whoever drinks it, and it has been sent bore t* be analyzed.— Louievilhe Courier. Arrested. —James A Lvon and Robert Cox, wore arrested the past week, charged with having shot Alexander If. Laweon, on th* night of the 24th ult. and after examination before Justices Gilmore und Buck, Cox was discharged, and Lyons committed to Jail. He was lodged in Jail on Saturday even ing, and applied for the writ of Ilahous Corpuß on yesterday, —Sandereviile Georgian, \atintt. The Home Journal savs that the last instalment of Jenny Lind’s munificent gift of $150,000 to wards the endowment of schools in her native country, has been despatched. Her pledge to give that sum has been redeemed, and she may now calmly rejoice in the consciousness of having nobly accomplished a noble endeavor. It is a satisfac tion too, to the people of this country te reflect that in rewarding the sweet singer, thoir ipeiiey has been well bestowed. Do Yon Honor Your Parents?—l knew a little boy at school, whose fatherwas dead. lie was one day writiflg from the copy, ‘Honor thy lather and thy mother.’ He wrote a few lines and then laid down his pen and began toweep. He began again, wrote a few lines more, but his memory was at work, recalling to his mind the happy days lie had passed with his dear father, and wept unew. He could net get on, but sobbed aloud. ‘Oh I Mr. , I cannot write this copy, my dear father is dead 1 Please give me another page and cut this leaf out.’ The following ancient prophecy ia from e rare old printed book: When legielaiora hold invade, The lawt which they themeelvee have made: When the parson ’gainst the Bible preaches, And modest virgins wear the breeches j When women scorn domestic cares And bold intrude on men’s affairs, Aspiring with mistaken pride The war horse of the world to ride, Then win wild chaos come again, And Ere with her old serpent reign; A second time win pay the price Os wit by loss of Paradise, The workl, tail foremost, will advance, Like freedom in regenerate Prance; By going backwards all come right, And men grow blind by too much tight. A man on getting ont of a New York omnibus a few days ago made use of two rows of knees as banisters to steady himself, at which the ladieß took offence, and one of them cried alond 1 “A icifect savage.” “True," said a wag inside, “he lelengs to the Paw Knee tribe." Short Drama in Two Scenes.—First Scene.— Millionaire seated in an easy chair. By him stands a poor man in a supplicating attitude. Millionaire—“Aliem I—Very sorry, my young friend, that I can do nothing for vou. But I can give you a word of good advice— Economite !" Poor Man—“ But when a man lias nothing Millionaire—“ Nonsense !—Under certain cir cumstances a man muet know how to save.” Second Scene.— The millionaire drowning in a pond, the poor man calmly regarding him from the shore. Poor Man—“ Sorry my friend that I can do nothing for you. But I ean give you a word of good advice— Swim /” Millionaire—( choking)—“ Bub-bub-bub wh when a ma-man can’t swim I” Poor man—“ Nonsense I Under certain circun etanceß a man mil know how to swim.— Union Magaeiru. Natural Consequences. —Fora young married woman to fancy every body is dying with curiosity to see her her first baby. For boys of seventeen to fall desperately in love with blue gingham and bib aprons. For your umbrella to be missing on a rainy day. For aspirants to office to think the salvation of the country depends upon their election. For every man (who has never tried it)to think he would make a splendid farmer or an excellent editor. For a man who advertises liberally to succeed in bnsiness. For a man who pays for his paper in advance to live virtuously and die happy. Howto Cook a Potato.— Wash it well, but let there be no scraping. At the thickest end cut off a piece the size of a sixpence. Tills is the safety valve _ through which the steam escapes, and all rents in the skin are thereby prevented just as the valve prevents a rupture in the steam boiler. Hotel Responsibilities.—Two brothers named Simms, who stopped at the Indian Queen Hotel, New Orleans, on their way from California, and while there had their trunk robbed or $5,225 In gold, have reoovered a judgment for that amount against the proprietor. Judge Buchanan, of the fifth district court, decided that inn-keepers are liable for the property stolen from stronger* Nid traveller* sojourning at their inn*. homestead dol—the presidency. a SPEECH OP IIOnTa. H. STEPHENS, OP GEORGIA, j] In thb House of Representatives, April 27, 1852 it The Uo .l^ Commute, of the Whole on th. . 9lat * of the Cnlon on the Homestead BUI— . Mr. Stephens, of Georgia, aaid ■ e Mr. Chairman :It i* not my'purnose to aav I much about the bill which is now und?r “scueshra 1 fxr \r U , wl ", C1 *•,Penawnan from Maryland . (Mr. Bowie) addressed tlio committee yesterday I can hardly claim to bo either an advooate or o&- I, ponent of that measure as it now stands. Ido , not, however. I will take this occasion to say, think j that it is liable to those objections which the gen , tleman lVom Muryland urged with so much ability x and eloquence yesterday ; nor do I think that bo r great benefits aro to be derived from it as its author f (Mr. Johnston of Tennessee) and its advocates ( have so zealously represented to this House. I r will also say frankly, that if the public lands aro to f bo squandered without regard to tlio rights of the old States, as tlioy liavo been for the lastsession or , two of Congress, lam decidedly m favor of giving , them away in this manner, in preference to the ’ other method, which seems tome übout to be in corporated as a system, into our policy. Con , gress has given to railroads, to the States for inter nal improvements, and to the soldiers, as bounty, within tho last two years, nearly one hundred millions of acres of lands. If the question was submitted to me whether I would givo one hun dred and sixty acres of the public domain to the ' poor, the indigent, and the homeless of our land ; or rather to euoh head of a family who is destitute ; and without laud, 1 would not hesitate to say that I would prefer suoli disposition to thatother system, which seems to be gaining so many friends and advocatea amongst us. 1 uin myself in favor of a new polioy in regard to the public domain. It is t a question in itself, and is likely now to become one of much more general interest. It is now looming up in the distaneo, and before long must become a controlling question in national politica. I will state te tho House that if some general syß tom for tho disposition of the public lauds upon tho principles of justice and equality toward all the Stutcs were presented, 1 would be willing to incor porate this as one of the l'oatures of suob a Bystem. At present, without ony defined polioy being pre sented, I am rather inclined to think that this ques tion better be postponed uitil some general and just system be matured and brought forward. But my objeot, Mr. Chairman, ns 1 statod, is not to discuss tho questions growing out of this bill. A gentleman from Maiuo, (Mr. Smart,) who en . tertamod tho llouho tho other day, with a speech —and 1 will say I also was highly entoxtained with it—particularly liis historical tacts ants statistics— commenced by saying lie rose to defend tho North. To tlifct defenco lio devoted all his energy and all his zeal. Ido not intend to respond to that do fonco. It is not my object to ussuil it. Nor is it my object at this time to defend tho South. But it is my objoct to defend the Constitution of tho United Stutos, embracing both North and South, and tho rights of the South undor that Constitu tion. Thfi leads mo to an inquiry into the condi tion of tho country. 1 could, if my time allowed me, travel somowhat into tho past us woll as dwell upon tho present and tho future, but tbe present and tho future being more pregnant with interest than tho pest, I sluul confine myself to them. This country presents at this time a speotncle never before witnessed in our national couueils. It is said that in all republics there will bo parties. I will go further, ana say that in all free countries where the principle of representation is recognized ami actod upon, there will necessarily bo parties. Because perfoct ugroomont upon public questions and measures can hardly bo oxpeoted. And the trionds ami opponents of moasuros will act in op position to each othor. Organizations founded up on such agreement and disagreement upon ques tions touching adminißtration.aro natural, legiti mate, and to bo expected. But the strange and anomalous condition in which this country now stands, is that while tho public mind is divided upon great _ leading and paramount questions of administration, parties cease to muke these oon- ■ trolling questions tlio proper and legitimate test or basis of their organization. It.is true we hear a great deal of “tlio two great parties”—-the Whig party and tho Democratic par ty 1 but those aro but names; they designate no class of persons holding common sentiments upon the public questions of the day,. If the adminis tration of the Government wore left in the hands ot either, us now arranged and nominally classified it could not stand an hour. Can tho Demoeratie inrty, so called, with a majority of fifty upon this floor, sustain and maintain those great questions with which tho oountry has beon so fearfully agi tated lately, aud which involve the stability of tli* Government itself 1 They cannot and tlio reoord shows it. Could the Whig party, as at present or ganized, do better oven if. they had the majority t lho sumo record shows that it could not. Why is this I It is becnuwo parties are not organized upon the right principle mid basis. That u majority of tiiia House, us woll as u mqjority in tho lust Con gress, are and were in favor of these important measures, aud ono iu particular which is essential to the existence oi tlio Government, we all know. But that majority consists now, asit didtlion, part ly of tlioso calling thomsolvcs Whigs, and partly of those culling thonisolvcs Democrats. That is, not only does administration, but the very contin uance of Government depend upon the union and co-operation of men who, in the party vocabulary of the day, have no designation or a name. And who, stranger still, iustead of acting in ocneort for the continued maintenance of Government upon tho principles which brought them togother, are about under those old organizations to bo arrayed against each other in efforts to drive eaoh other from tliis Hall. Did a freo and intelligent people ever before exhibit such a spectacle 1 There is in this a deep and radical error. That error consist* in tho principle upon which parties are attempted to bo termed and classified. It is in attempting to keop and boar a common party namo when there is no common agreement in opinion, sentiment, und action. Nothing can ho truer than that all parties deserving tho name of party should be or ganized upon tho principle of agreement and con currence upon the paramount questions of the day. To speak, therefore, of this House ns divided be tween Whigs and Democrats is for all practical pur pescs, just as absurd and tinmoaping us to speak of the British House of Commons, at this day, us di vided between Cavaliers and Roundheads, upon the anti-corn laws, or tho ineomo tax. They are unmeaning terms when you come to dosiguate and define the position of members upon any of the leading public questions. 1 repeat, sir, that in all representative Governments, parties to bo efficient, living and energetic, mustsoenororlater be organ ized upon those questions of publio polioy wnioh control administration. You may organize a faction, or you may com bine the fragments of factions under the general nnmos of “Whig” and of “Domocrat,” but you cannot administer the Government by suph factions ortlisir combinations. Administration muststaud or fall upon its policy, its principle, its measures: and such ure tlio lessons taught in that school from which we derived the precepts and principles upou which our Government was founded. I see it stated in the papers—it may have been announced upon tliis floor—that between tho North and the South, in the two grent national parties, there must always bs a disagreement of opinion and princi ples upon ono great subject. It is said that the W lug party North must disagree with the Whig party South, and that the Decocratic party North must disagree with tho Democratic party South, upon all matters relating to this question. And whut is ono of these matters f Why, noth ing short ot the constitutional right of the people of the South to tho reclamation and extradition of their fugitives from labor. Now, sir, this is ono of the leading, and I -may say, the paramount questions of the day. And it is said by some of those who cry lustily for old party name* that there must be disagreement between Northern men and Southorn men upon this question in all national organizations—that is, if I understand the logic es the assertion, that upon tlio recognition and en forcement of a clear and Important constitutional right, one without which the Government never would have been formed, men must agree to dis agree with their party associates to be good party men. Sir, if this be so, it is timo tbe country knew it. And iftbis is to be the basis of either the Demo cratic or tho Whig national organization by their silence, at their approaching conventions, it is time the country should know it. If it be true, os some allege, that there is a large majority of the people of the North who are un willing to stand by this constitutional guarantee, I want to know it, and the oountry ought to know it. I intend to speak upon this question as plainly as I hav.o ever dono upon any question upon this floor—and I generally speak plainly, whether it be acceptable or not. If, I say again, it be true—and mark you, I do not intend to intimate an opinion that it is, for I do net believe there is anything in the assertion but the cant of a few bad men at the North, who want to hold power by pandering to the misguided prejudices of the people—but if it be really true, I want to know it. As a Southern \ man, and as a national man—as a friend of the Constitution—l say, if this be really true, I, for oue, am for tearing asunder every bond that kinds us together. Ifthis Union caimot be maintained upon the principles and for the objects of its or ganization and formation, then it ought no longer to exist; and no man, true to„ the principles upon which it was founded, will longer adhere to it. Any people capable of defending themselves, who would continue their allegiance to a Government which should deny them a clear* unquestionable, constitutional right of the magnitude and impor tance of this to tho people of the South, would deserve to be stigmatized as poltroons. Such aro not the people of Georgia, and I should scern to represent them if they were. If, the North will * not stand by the Constitution of their fathers—if j they shall disregard it, at their doors will lie th* responsibility ol a broach of the compact, with aU its consequences — not at outb. Two years ago, in this very Hall, the great ma- f jority of the North, of both the two great parties, upon this and other kindred questions, were ar rayed against the South. There were a few ex ceptions, whom I hailed then, and now, aa th* friends of the Union and the Constitution. There were only eleven, in all, I believe. One I see now [Mr. Gorman,] a Democrat; another site near me* [Mr. Brooks,] a Whig. 1 stated then what I sav dow, that if the North intended to tliua override us; if they intended to disregard the constitutional compact of thoir fathers: if they intended to bring this Government in hostile array against us I. for one, was ready and willing to dismember the Confederacy; and 1 reaffirm tho same sentiment this day—l tell gentlemen from the North and the South not to draw too hasty or flattering conclu- j •ions from the present apparent quiet of the times. ’ If gentlemen want to secure permanent peace to ’ i thecountrythcyeauonly get that peace by th* ! faithful fulfilment and disoharge of their constitu tional obligations. During tlio struggle we bad on ' these questions in tho last Congress, I also stated ; what 1 now also reufflrm. I then said I did not believe the peoplo of the North wonld do as some of their Representatives upon this floor said they would do. They told us the people of the North would never yield the questions at issus: that they would never permit the slave-catchers to come and hunt the poor fugitive—as they pathetically de claimed—that the North would never submit to - this, and that they would never yield tho restric tion of slavery in the Territories. I said then, that I believed that when the true American spirit of the North was thoroughly awakened; when the great masses of the people of the North were mov ed, and their patriotism aroused, and they under- ~ stood the nature of tbe question, that the same sort of American heart would beat in their breasts that auimated the bosoms of their brethren of the South. 1 felt confident that the genious that pre- » sides over our fortunes and destiny, was only slumbering and sleeping for a time. Subsequent •vents show that that assurance was not ill-founded. Those ugitations that shook the deep foundations of the Government, aroused the people to the re motest corners of the Republio, as an earthquake, from their midnight dreams. It was then that the true aud real American spirit of the whole coun try rose in its mqjesty, and said that right should be done ; that constitutional obligations should be discharged t And so I can hut believe it always will be when tho right is fairly and firmly present ed. And I say to these who are attempting to get up a party platform, either for the Whig or the De mocratic party, that no»e of your platforms will stand the popular will of this country, unless you i build them upon the rock of the Constitution. Touneed not “lay the flattering unotion to your souls,” that the people of the South wii) get upon any of them, or support any administration which (CONCLUDED ON MOONS TAOE.]
