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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 183?-1864 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 27, 1852)
From A* OkarMon Courier. MEMOIR OF MR. WEDSTER. At the time of hi* death, Mr. Wetatar »u in hit seventy-first year, having been boro in the town of Salisbury, New Hampshire, on the 18th Jenna* ry 1782. llis earliest allocator, of whom the fomi ly ha* anv certein knowledge, w»e Thorate Web tter. He wa settled in Hampton m early at 1888, and (be detoent from him can be found recorded— at we learn from Mr. March’t work entitled “Dan iel Webeter and hit Contemporaries,” from which and a memoir by the Hon. Edward Everett, we compile our present sketch—in die Church and Town records of Hampton, Kingston—now East Kingston— and Salisbury. The family came ori ginally from Scotland, two centuries ago and more. It is probable, however, from certain circumstan ces, that they tarried in England awhile, before emigrating to a new world. Ebenezor Webster, the fidher of Daniel, enlist ed early in life, as a oomraon soldier in the Provin cial troops, and during the war of 1788, served un der Gen. Amherst on the North-western frontier; accompanying that commander in the invasion of Canada, during which expedition he so attracted the attention and secured the good will of bis su perior officers, by his faithful and gallant conduct, that before the close of the war he rose from the ranks to a Captaincy. Peace, however, between England and France soon following the capture of Quebec, and oonquest of Canada, the Provincial troops were disbanded, and returned to their homes. . , . , Previous to the year IT6B, the settlements in New Hamshiro had made little or no progress to wards the interior of the State for more than half acentory. The fitfal irruptions of the French from Canada, and the more constant, if not more cruel assaults of their subsidized allies—the In dians—repressed any movement inward, into the country. To defend what they bold, by a kind of cordon milUaire of blockhouses was all the frontier men hoped; but the cession of Canada to Englaud, by the treaty o! Paris in 1788, removing the great obstacle to farther progress Into the interior, the Koysl Governor of New Hampshire, Benning Wentworth, b.'gan to make grauU of townships in the central pari of the State; and Col. Stevens with some other persons about Kingston—mostly re tired soldiers,—obtained a grant of the township of .Salisbury, then called, from the principal gran tee, Stevens’ Town. This town is situated exactly at the head waters of the Merrimuc river, which is formed by the confluence of the Pemigiwasaetand Wlnnipiseogee. Under this grant, Etienezer Web ster obtained a lot situated in the North part of the town, and more adventurous than others of the company who received grants, cut his way deeper in ths wilderness, making the road he eould not find. Here in 1784, he built a log cabin, and light ed Ills fire, “the smoke of which,” as Mr. Web ster ones said on some public occasion, “ascended nearer the North star than that of any of Ids Ma jesty's New England subjects.” His nearest civil iz-1 neighbor in the North was at Montreal, hun dru Is of miles off. His wife dying soon after his settlement at Salis bury, Ebcnezer Webstar married Abigail Eastman, of Salisbury, a lady of Welsh extraction. She was tmv mother of Daniel and Ezekiel; and like the mother of George Canning was a woman of far more than ordinary intellect. She wus proud of, an I ambitious for her sons, and the distinction they both afterwards achieved, may have been, in part, nt least, the result of her promptings. Ebeuezer Webster commemorated his second marriage, by the erection of a frame house, contiguous to the logcubin. Hu dug a well near it, and planted an elm sapling. In this house, Daniel Webster was born. Tlio house, however, has long since dis appeared trmn roof to foundation stone, and no thing indicates ibt sometime existence but a cellar mo*t tilled up by stone and earth. But the well still remains, with water as pure, as cool, and as limpid, as when first turned to the light; utid will reinuin, in all probability, for ages, to refresh here after the votaries of genius, who may make their pilgrimage thither to visit the cradle of one ot America's gfuutest sons. The elm, too, tha’ shaded the hoy still flourishes in vigorous leaf, and may have an existence beyond its perishable nature. Like "the witch elm that guards Bt. Lilian's Spring" it may live in story, long after leaf, and branoh, and root have disappeared for ever. It was tlio great desire of Ebeuezer Webster to give his children an education, but the sohoolmu*- ter was not then abroad—nt least lia>l not visited Haliilmrv in his travels, consequently the oppor tunitie* for instruction that Mr. Webster cnjtycd were vcri limited, and his earliest knowledge was derived from his motlior, and occasional visits to the small town school then in existence, superin tended by schoolmaster* who hod no claim to the position hat their incapacity for anything else, •yiior qualification was their want of qualification. Ke. ding uud writing were all they professed and more O n they were able to teach. The achool, moreover, hi Mr. Webster’s neighborhood was migratory. Wlion it was near his father’s resi dence. it >i.i< easy to attend, but when it was re moved into another part of the town, or another town, as ivas often the case, it was somewhat dittt cult. While Mr. Webster was quite young, be wus daily sunt two miles and a half or three miles to school, aud oven in the midst of winter, on fool. If the school moved yet further off, into a town not contiguous, his father boarded him out hi a neighboring family. He was better provided with opportunities for obtaining whatever instruction these schools could impart thun his elder brothers, partly because he evinced early an irrepressible de sire for study and information, and partly because his father thought that hia constitution was slen der and somewhat fruil—too much bo for any ro bust oechnation. When he attained hilt four teenth voaV, his father took un important and de cisivo step with him by placing him on the 25th of May in ITiillipp’* Academy at Exotor, then under tlio cure of Dr. Benjamin Abbot, i’s woll known and respected I’resldant. There ho made reapeo tuble progress in tho rudiments of education, und in the autumn of that year nommenced the study of the Latin language tiudor tlw auperintaDdence of Joseph Stepheus Bnokminstar, who was then temporarily acting as assistant to Dr. Abbott. Jtmay appear somewhat singular that tlio great est o rater of modern time* should have evinced in liis bo."hood the strongest antipathy to public de eliiiniitioi.'. This foot, however, is established by his own Wo' r d*i which have recently appeared in print. Ho say's: “1 believe f nmdo tolorable progress in most branches, which / attended to, whilst in this school; but there wa.. one thing 1 eould not do. 1 could not make u ileolam'tion. 1 could not speak before tho school. Tho kirtc* «nd excellent Buck minster sought especially to persuade mo to per form tho exercise ot declamation, JiJfe other boys, but 1 could not doit. Many u piece did 1 commit to memory, and recite and rehearse it in my own room, over and over again : yet when the day eamo, when the sotiool collected to heur declamations, when my inline was called, and 1 saw all eyes turned to wards my seat, l could not raise myself from it. Hmnctiraos the instructors frowned, sometimes they smiled. Mr. B ckmlnstoralways pressed and wulreutud, most wlnnlngly, that 1 would vonturo. but 1 never eould command sufficient resolution.” Such diffidence of its own powers, continues Mr. March, may be natural to gonius, nervously fearful of being nimble to rcuoh that ideal which it propo eca as the only full consummation of its wishes. It is fortauate, however, for the age, fortuuato for all ugos, that Mr. Webstar, by determined will und frequent trial, ovoroumo this moral incapacity—as his great prototype, tho GnwiSD orator, subdued bis physical defect. He remained at the Exeter Academy bntafew months; accomplishing in these few months, how ever, the work of yours to some. In February 1727, lii- lather placed him under the tuition of tlio Rev. Samuel Woods, in Boscuwen; of whom his pupil always spoke in terms of uffootion and respect. It vs* on tuc.r wav to the house of Mi. Woods that bl ' lather iirst opened to him hia design of send ing him to College, and most grateful to his lather for the prosjleot hold out through his self-auorifl oing devotion, Mr. Webster applied himself to his ntu in's with even increased ardor. All that Mr. Woods could teach he learnt. 11l the smitotff of this year, August 1707, ho entered Dartmouth Collego us a freshman. His f' llicge life was not an idle one. Besides a rogu i„r attention to the proscribed studios of his class, be devoted himself to the acquisition of whutevor was useful in English history, nr graceful and be coming in English literature. t£a snperinteded, a'so, the publication of a little weekly newspaper, m iking selections for it from hooks aud pvrjndi oals, and contributing, oeooeioiiudy, an editorial of hi* own. These woro perhaps, the flrst of Ins pro- i dilutions over published. Mr. Maruli kuows not if llicy are to bo met with uow. He delivered some undresses whilst in College beforo literary societies, which also were published. Ezekiel Webster—tho sole brotl-.or of Daniel of the whole blood—was destined by his f thor to remain at home and carry on the farm, but he had aspiration* beyond this, and so had his brother lor him, and acoorditiffly tho latter interceded with his father so sitocesfully that Ezekiel was placed in a school under Ji teacher of Lutin, aud soon af terward* wont to Mr. Wood’s and remained with him until March, 1S >l, fvhon his lather oarrled him to college, where he joined the Freshman Class. Ho had nut great qulekfipss of apprehen sion, unr vivacity of intellect, aud wgs not there for. early estimated at his full valuo, but ha had a strong mind, groat power* of observation and memory, lie acquired slowly but safely. Not ff:t nt of speech, ha w.ts correct always in language uud thought. Few excelled him lu. clearness or vigor of siy le, none in argumentative ability. He wanted but ..pportunity to liuve been a great man. Lie sell deud, whilst arguing accuse in Coucord, hiv Ham* -hire, in 1829. A handsome monument was greet,, i to his memory, in Bosoawen, where he vvss buried. Mr. Web-tor, while in college, during tho winter vacations, kept school, to pay the oollegiatc expenses ot his hr’t mr as well as his own. llaviug gradua ted ill 18nl, In? burned ately cuter,*d Mr. Thomp son’s ulliee m Salisbury, as a student of law, aud remained ti ■ v until tho January following, when he took ehaige of a sebool at Frycbnig, Maine, where he eked out hia frugal salary by acting os assistant to tho Register of Used* for the county, lu September, 1802, he returned to Mr. Thomp son’s office, in which ha remained not; d February island in July of the same year obtampd ad mission as a student in the office of the Honorable t'hristophcr Gore, at boston, whore ho ooutinued until March 1804, whan he was admitted to prac tise. in the Suffolk Court of Common Pleas, prior, however, to his admission to tlio Bar, tlio Clerk of the Court ot Common Pleas for tha county of Hill-borough, New Hampshiro, resigned bis office, and Mr. W ebster's father boiug one of the Judges of this court, his colleagues from regard tor him tendered Ins sou the vaoaul clerkship, which was worth (1500 tier annum, a sum in those dsys and in tliat neighborhood, a competency or rather ab solute wealth. Mr. Webster considered it a great pr.xc and was eager to accept it, but Mr. Gore {icromptorily and vehement,')' interposed his dis sent, appealing to the ambition of his pupil aud stating that once a clerk, he would always be a clerk, and that there would be no step upwards.— Diverted from his design by Mr. Gore, his reluc tautlv obtained his father's sanction to refuse the appointment, aud pursue his profession. Mr. Webster having tiius reconciled his father to bis views returned to Boston, and in the following March having been admitted to the Bar, as before stated, went to Amherst, New Hampshire, whore bis father's court was tben in session, aud from theuce returned home with him. His design hod been to settle ig practice at Portsmouth; but un willing to leave me father, who had become infirm, and hod no sons at home, he opened an office in Hvcawen, near his father's residence. Judge Webster lived but avears after life sou's commence ment of practice; long enough, however, to hear I.U first argumvut in court, und to be gratified with confident predictions of his future euccena. Then, like Simon of old, he gathered up his gannenta mid diod Tlio c v «t»t occurred m April, 15*06. r.x leisure to the Ji»rd*hipe of a frontier life, more severe than we can now entertain any idea of, the privations and labors b« suttered and underwent In the Indian wars, and the war of the revolutton, had broken in upon a constitution naturally robust, and hastened his decease. He »*» of a manly and generous character, and in civil aud military life obtained deserved distinction. Judge ot Uis Court of Common Picas for twelve or_ fourteen vear*, he made good, by tha Integrity of his pur pose, the clearness of his judgment aud the strength of his character the want of early educa tion, slid gained for hi* opinions and decisions a con.-. Jenco and concurrence not alway s aooordad to persons pinus'ionally more learned. He wa* dis til guisbed also in his military career. Entering tiie array « private, he retired a major: and won hi* c mission bv faithful and gallant service, as we'l in the Revolutionary, as in the French and lu. in war*. He acted as major under Stark at JV. nmztoo, #«J contributed no little to the for tui .. e result of that day. « 1 1 Mu 1807. Mr. Webster wa* admitted as At torney and Counsellor of the Supreme Court in ,W Hampshire .and in year rehnquiai fe! hi* offioa in Botaatren to hi* brother F V v . , w t o had then obtained ndjiii**;oti to the jJV, '.»td iuovcd to TorUmoulJi, to h» Sjia! intention. m,. inanied*m June, 1808 Gran* Fletcher, Ike J J* . the Rev. Mr. Fleteliar of Hopkmum, L \% .ipwhire, and by bar had four ohilaren: flrjtai*. Julia and lid ward; but one o t . vu 'cher, aurvivea. Edward died with tfe* ar«\ in e v '°° m Major of tile of nirfta RfJin. '* nl Volunteers. Ho wa*, in HUtud, one of the most senUemanly, amiable, and fionorahta p O Jo., n outh nine year*, wanung one month. He no o® o6 - «r other, is the government v. f * ew He occasionally took part in politic*] affairs, and waa then not nnfelt in hi* action. His vote wss always given, snd his voice and pen aometimea exercised, in fsvor of the party whose principles he espoused. Even in that < arly period of his life, however, when something perhaps, oould be pardoned to the vehemence of youth, he used no acrimonious language to hia political opponents, nor suggested or participated in any act indicative of personal anmosity towards them. At thirty years of age, he had become well known and respected throughout the State; so much so, that he was elected a Representative ot the State in Congress, after an animated contest in November, 1812, and took his seat at the extra session in M*y, 1818 ; and in due time was re elected. Although among the youngest members of the House of Representatives, and entirely with out Legislative experience, he rose at once to the front rank both in the despatch of business and in debate. Among his associates in the House were Clay, Cheves, Lowndds, Calhoun, Forsyth, and other members of great ability, and it was soon clearly perceptible that be was worthy to be named with the ablest ofihem,indeed Mr.Lowndes remarked that “the South had not hia auperi or, nor the North his equal.” Finding the professional field at Portsmouth, inadequate to tue support of a growing family, as clients then aud there were not rich, and fee* con sequently small, Mr. Webster,.removed to Boston in 1916. Hia professional reputation had grown aa rapidly as his feme as a Statesman, and he placed himself at once by the sides of the leaders of the Massachusetts Bar. He had aireadv ap pearedbefore tlio Supreme Court ot the United States in Washington and by his brilliant argu ment in the Dartmouth College case, carried by appeal to Washington in 1817, took rank among the moat distinguished Jurists in this country.— In 1820, Mr. Webster was chosen a member of a Convention called for the purpose of revising the Constitution of Massachusets, and no one exercis ed a more [>owerful influence over its deliberations. About the same time he was offered a nomination as a Senator of the United States, bat declined.— In 1812 be yielded to the most pressing solicita tions to become a candidate as representative for the City of Boston in the Eighteenth Congress, and was elected by a very large majority. This stem however, involved a great sacrifice of professional interest. He took hia seat in Congress in Dec., 1823, and early in the session made bis celebrated speech on the Greek Revolutions, an effort which at once es tablished his reputation as one of the first states men of theage. In the autumn ot the same year be was re-elected by a vote of 4,990 out of 5,000 cast. In 1826 he wus again a candidate, and not a hundred votes were cast against him. Under the Presidency of Mr. Adams, from 1825 to 1829, he was leader of the friends of the administration, first in the House of Representatives, and after wards in the Senate of the United States, to which he was elected in June 1827. His great speech on the Panama Mission was made in the first session of the Nineteenth Congress. When the Tarilf Lswot'lß24 wus brought forward Mr. Webster spoke with great ability, against it, on the ground of expediency. He represented one of the greatest Commercial constitubucea in the Union ; and his colleagues, with u single exception voted with biro against the Bill. This law, however, forced a large amount of the capital of Now England into uiHiiulactures ; and in 1828 Mr. Webster sustained the law ot that year, for a more equal udjustmen' of the terms of protection. The change which took place in his course in this respect was the result of tlie circumstances alluded to, aud wus approved by his constituents. Mr. Websterg'eniained in the Senate under the administrations of Gen. Jacksou, and Mr. Van Bu reau period of twelve years. During this time the most important qnustions, were discussed, measures of tho highest moment to the country brought forward, aud political events and combi nations of the most novel and extraordinary char acter succeeded each other. Under all changes ol men and measures, Mr. Weoster maintained the posiliou of uennstitutioiial and patriotic statesman econd to none who had over devoted himself to the service of his country. In 1880 he made whai it generally eon idered theube-tof his parlia mentary efforts, liis second speech in’reply to Gen. Hayuo of this State. During the time oftho nuli dilation question ill 1882 und 1883, though before opposed to the administration of Gen. Jackson, be iruve it a cordial support. When, however, the financial system of Gen. Jackson was brought for ward and fully developed, it was strenuously op posed by Mr. Webster; aud the forcible manner m which he urged the adoption of the financial sys tem used in the infancy of the Government, viz: that of a mixed currency of specie and convertible pa per, kept within safe bounds by the law requiring all payments lo be made in specie or its equivalent anil regtiluted by a national institution acting as a check upon the State Banks, contributed materi ally to the downhill of Mr. Van Buren’s adminis tration. in 1839 Mr. Webster made a short visit to Eu rope. His time wus principally passed in England but he devoted a few weeks to the continent. His feme had preceded him to the old world, and ho wus received with the attention duo to life charac ter and talents at the French and English Courts, and in the highest circles of both countries. Ou tho accession of General Harrison, to the I’residou cy, Mr. Webster was placed lit the head ofhfe Cab inet, as Secretary of State. His administration of the Department during tho two years he remained in it was signalized by tho most distinguished suc cess. The United Statesut that time was involved in a longstanding controversy with Great Britain on the subject of tho North Eastern Boundary of Maine, To this hud been added tho difficult ques tions arising out of the detention'of American ves sels by British cruisers on the coustof Africa, and still more recently the affair of McLeod, in New York, had threatened un immediate rupture be tween tlio two Governments. The correspondence between the United States Minister in London in 1841, Mr. Stevenson, and the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Lord Palmerston, was of an uncompromising character. Other causes of mutilul irritation also existed, which our limits precludouH from enumerating. Shortly after the aeeossion of Gon. Harrisou, the Melbourne admin istration waa overturned in England, and Sir Ro bort Pool restored to power. This contemporary chunge of government in the two countries was fa vorable to the settlement ol'the long standing dif ficulties. Mr. Webster, after coming into the Department of State, intimated to tho British Minister that the Government of tlio United States wus convinced of tlie impossibility of settling the boundary line by adhering to tlio course hitherto pursued—that of topogruphicul explorations, witli a view to the lit eral execution oftho treaty of 1783—but was pre pared to adoptu conventional line, on the basis of mutual gain and concession, if such a line could t bo agreod upon. Tho new ministry, taking ad vantage of thm overture, immediately determined to scud Lord Ashburton, us u special Envoy to the United States, to negotiate upon this and other subjects in controversy. Massachusetts and Maine were invitod to take part by their Commissioners in the negotiation; and on tho 9th of August, 1842, tho treaty of Washington was ratified by the Sen ate. By this treaty the boundary dispute, which had lasted fifty years, wus happily adjusted. An amicable uud ofilciont arrangement was also mude for joint action in the suppression of tho slave truae, and an agreement entered into for a mutual extradition of fugitives from justico. Tiie other subjoets of discussion at that period between Great Britain und tho U united States, with the excep tion ol the Oregon bouudary, were happily dis posed of in the correspondence accompanying the irouty, tho terms of which wore equully honorable and satisfactory to both parties. Mr, Tyler’s cabinet was broken up in 1842, but Mr. Wooster remained in office until the spring ot 1843, being desirous of putting some other mutters oouuccled with our foreigu relations in a prospe rous train. Steps were taken by him in 1842 aud 1848, which led to tlio recognition of the inde pendence of (be Sandwich Islands by the principal umritimo powers, life last official act was the pre paration oftho instructions of Gen. C. Cushing, as Commissioner tor negotiating a treaty with China. With the commencement of Mr. Polk’s ad ministration, Mr. Webster returned to the Senate of the United States, uud remained a member ol that body duriugthc wholo of tho administration of Mr. Polk, and until tho death of General Tay lor, und although unconnected with the Executive Government, he rendered the most material ser vice iu tho settlement of the Oregon dispute—in deed it has boeu publicly stated by Mr. McGregor, tho distinguished mourner of Parliament for Glas gow, ling »letter written to him by Mr. Webster, and shown to the British minister, led them to agree to tho adoption of the line of Bouudary wliioh wna established in iBt4B. Jilr. Webster op posed tho Mexican war ou principle, and in the full persuasion that acquisitions of territory would disturb tlio balgnco of tho Union, and endanger its stability. He, however, concurred in granting tho supplies which were required lor the efficient conduct of tho wsr. On tlio Tth of March, 1850, ho made hfe great speech oil the compromise measures, and while the debates thereon were in progress in the Sonata, Gen. Taylor died, and the otiair of State having been assumed by President Fillmore, Mr. Webster was immediately called to tha Dijiartmeot of State, and his administration of the office, which he fill ed >t the timo of his decease, has been marked with characteristic ability and success. In Decern jep, 1850, the famous Hulsemann lotter was writ teu,to *')lioh Kossulh has applied the epithet ot “ immortal." Paring the past year, Mr. Webster, by his firm and judiwftps manner of treating tlie Cuban question obtained of tlig Spanish Govern ment tho pardon of the followers of Lopez, who had boon deported to Spaiu; and about the same timo lie received from the English Government an apology tor this intorrarenoe of a British cruiser with an American steamer In the waters of Nicara gua—tlia aaoomi time that tho British Government baa made a similar concession at tlie instance ot Mr. Webster, the first having been iu reference to the destruction of tha Caroline at Scliloaser, and it lias boon affirmed that theso are ttia only occasions ou which tho British Government has over apo o gised lor tlie conduct of its affairs. To sum up all, Mr. Webster has lived alone for his country. Attachment to the Constitution aud the Union) to use the garuest words of Mr. March, amounted, with him, to a passion, It was uis earliest love, and endured totiis lase-st breath. In whatever station lie was plaeod, it filled hi* heart and ooutrolk d his conduct. He made every tiling in life subsidiary to it. It grew with his growth snd strengthened with life strength until it became port of his moral being. >ll Jitn,” said he on one occasion. “I am where I have ever been, and ever mean to n*—aWndiug on the platform of the gene ral Constitution—a platform, broad enough and firm auougli to uphold evgrv interest ot the coun oountty—l shall still he found. Intrusted with some i»art in the administration of that constitu tion, I intend to not iff its spirit and in the spirit of tlioso who framed k. 1 would uct as if our fathers who framed if for os, and who bequeathed it to us, were looking on mo. “Standing thus,as iuthe full gaze of our ances tors and our posterity, having reoeivod this in heritance from the former, to be transmitted to the fetter, and feeling that, if I am formed for any good, in my dav aud generation, it is for tho good of the whole country, no local poliev or local feeling, no temporary impulses, shall induce me to yield my foothold bn t:ie Cmtatitution and the Uuion. “1 eamo into public life in the service ofthe United Stales. On that broad altar, my earliest, aud ail my pnblie vows, have been made. 1 pro pose to serve no other master. So far as depeuds ou any agency of inino, they shallcontiuue United States; uuited ig interest aiid affection; united in everything iu regard to which (ho Constitiou has dma*»d their Union; uuited in war, for tho com mon defence, the common renown and the com mon glory; and united, compacted, knit flnnlv togathar iu pcaue, for tlie common prosperity aud happiness of ourselves and our children.” Auimutad with such sentiment* as theso it is not extraordinary that 1m never hesitated to under take any labors however arduous or however thankless wlion the public weal required hfe ser vices ; und it was sentiments such as tli*m that must have nerved his intellectual powers, when for a time struggling in a doubtful contest with a foe to whom al; men must sooner or later succumb, IP assert their supremacy over physical weakness aud tpuious disease, so muck so as to enable his ' giguvtic mind to apply itself with its wonted calm and comprehensive grasp to the consideration of Urn important quaeifous stiff pending between our gowrumeut and foreign countries. Hail he lived, a brief period would have sufficed to have settled llie*c question* honorably and amicably. Whe ther the next pilot that takes the helm wilt be able to steer the ship of Stale as safely, time alone can develop*. To no all->"i*e Providence, how ever, we must leave the direction of events. The master fe pi rit fe gon*. lie fe » rmWiif.. now, and Fuse’*; One of the few, th 5 immortal names, TJuu were net born to die!" Fnoc at Pshuacula,—We learn from ona of the passenger* by the mail-stage that Mrs. Collins's Hotel, at Pedkaeola, caught fire early on Snndsy morning, and waa entirely consumed. The value of the house and furniture fe astiinated at 925,000, and is an entire lose, then being no insurance. Mfg, Collins, who is sev enty-two years of age, es cent-d M the last moment through her chamber window hy piean* of a ladder. Dxsth or x Jew xt rne r°°* An insane Jew died at tha House of Indastu7 '“*7*®“’ !* ,e age of Ik) years. This i* tha flrat Jew lh! * 1 cam* a public charge ia tho city of Boston Traveller. Mr. H eMer. The following article, which appeared in the Boston Courier ot Wednesday morning, seems to liave been designed to prepare the American mind for the great calamity which has befell the nation It will be read, therefore, with a profound but melancholy interest, by every man in this vast Re public, in whose bosom pulsates an American heart : Mr. Webster. — The illness under which Mr. Webster has suffered at Marshfield, has excited serious alarm. The loss of this eminent and illus trious statesman at the present moment, would not only be a heavy calamity to the great interests of the country, but would strike the national I heart with unspeakable sorrow. At his age, the disease which has greatly impaired his physical strength, could but excite sad foreboding* of the result. At all events, the day cannot be far dis tant when that comprehensive wisdom and con summate genius will be taken away from us, iu the ordinary course of the life of man. There is now ; however, reason to think that repose, and the invigorating breath of sea and land at Marsh field, will restore the health of the great Secretary, and send him in due time bock to his post in Woshington, to close the important questions still pending between our government and foreign countries. A few weeks longer, passed in the midst of the beloved scenes to which Mr. Web ster has for so many years delighted to withdraw from the cares of pnblie and professional life, will, it is earnestly hoped, carry him safely through this annual attack, and strengthen hfe heart for ano ther winter of strenuous toil in the service of hfe country. Wccau ill spare Mr. Webster at any time; out at the present hour, hfe lumiuous intel lect and commanding statesmanship, and his in fluence, potent tor his country’s good throughout the world, are needed in no common measure. Let us pray God that hfe life may still be spared to meet and overcome the preasing urgency of our foreign affairs, and to shed upon us the light of his calm wisdom for manv years to come. Whether in office or out of office, the knowledge that Mr. Webster is still among us, strengthens our confi dence that ail will be well with the country. We know that we can still trust in the powers of an intellect that never fell below the requirements of the most critical occasion, and a patriotism that never shrunk from any labor or any sacrifice which the supreme good of the country demanded. We nave seen him defend the constitution with logic and eloquence never equalled in parliamen tary history, when the admiration and applause of the world rewarded the great achievement. But this is not the hardest task to perform, nor the highest claim to a nation’s gratitude. It is a no bler duty of patriotism to save the country from itself; to protect it from the excess of excited feel ings, and passions overwrought; to step in between contending frenzies, and arrest their neady course before they grapple in a struggle to the death; to expose one's self to heavy blows on either side; to fall, it may be, between the exasperated parties, and at the risk of temporarily losing every object ot personal desire, to rescue the common weal. And this lofty duty of patriotism becomes severer when the excesses of cherished sentimonts of philanthro py are to be rebuked, aud the resentments of warm hearted, philanthropic men and parties are to be encountered, in checking their headlong race be fore the safety of the eouutry fe fatally imperillod. The leading passion of our age, aud of this part of the country, is euthusiasticall devotion to the idea of the universal rights and the brotherhood of man. We are not content to bide the slow course •J time, but rush, witli fierce philanthropy, to the iverthrow of institutions, inconsistent with these ideas—running every hazard, and trampling down every obstacle, however deeply rooted, that lies iu he way ol'the immediate accomplishment of our generous desires. We despise the wisdom of tin parable of the Taros and the Wheat; we insist on plucking out tho one, even at tho risk of destroy ing the other. We chafe impatiently at the re •trairits which the constitution lays upon us, and which seems to forbid our eager aspirations to righ a theoretic wrong. We struggle against its re quirements, and seek in flue-spun reasoning the pretext on which we may break the guarantees our rather* undoubtedly meant in good faith to estab lish. This lias been the tendency ot the abolition and the anti-slavery movement at the North. The lunger that sentiments, in themselves just, anu flowing from deep sources ill the human heart, may overstep the bounds of constitutional action, lias long been a cause of anxiety among men on whom the burthen of sustaining the government of the country rests. The influence of Mr. Web ster’s genius carries with it a heavy responsibility as to the direction in which that influence shall be exerted. Ordinary men may ride their hobbies, and the world look on with indifference; they may disdain common-places of sentimental philanthro py, with all the comfort of knowing that the course of events will not be in the least affected thereby; they gain with their paitizans all the lienors of devotion to a great cause, with no feat ot hazardous consequences resulting from the ut terance of extreme or fanatical opinions. But this cheap philanthropy of phrases und rhetorical common pluco, is tin indulgence wliicl men placed by intellect or position at the heud ot affairs cannot safely indulge in. The strong ten dency ot generous sentiment when not restrained by prudence to override tlie prescriptive rights se cured by constitutions and compacts, the greai statesman und guide of men must sternly resist, even if resistance expose him to slander and vitu perutlon, to the distrust of former friends, to the misunderstanding of his motives, to tho charge ol being a traitor to principles which his wfiole life bus pledged him to uphold. Such crises, requir ing the higher order of statesmanship and a mor al courage that Bhirnks from no personal sacrifice for thcgenoral good;—periods when reipublicaesalut t»t rupremu lex , —arise iu tlie history of every great nation: and woe to that nation which has not the men whose civic virtue equals tho peril ofthe tims. This test of greatness and statesmanship, Mr. Webster has nobly dared to stand; and he has reaped the consequeneos of calumny and vehement attack made with an unscrupulous disregard of truth; a ruthless contempt of the decencies ol controversy, in proportion to the greatness of the service and the ardor of the philanthropic pas sions whose mad career he has helped to arrest.— The violence ofthe storm is passed, the weight ol character and intelligence in tho country is on hfe side, the verdict of approval has been pronounced hy a vast majority of the calm and clear-headed citizens of the United States. Thousands who thought him wrong at first, now see that he was right, and heartily acknowledge the debt of grati tude they owe to life firmness und sagacious fore cast. The union of tlie stateshaving been on both sides rudely assailed, is again consolidated. Hos tile and incongruous fanaticisms may assail the Conservator on this side and on that. Ho has measured their force, breasted their onset, and foilod their purposes of mischief. Both great par ties of the country huvo vindicated his wisdom bt soquiescing in tlio patriotic course marked out bv his fersoeing policy, for the settlement ofthe most dangerous question that ever menaced the welfare of the nation. A vindictive philanthropy, hore aud there and from time to time, re-opens the flood-gates of slander, in the vain hope of disturb mg the grout statesman’s repose. Tho firm earth does not stand with more unshaken solidity against the raving sea, as it roars and beats upon his Marsh field beach, than he stands unmoved in magnanimi ty of his character, aud tlie upholding power of con scious rectitude, looking down upon the ignomin ous efforts of toiled enemies to unDermino the grandeurofhis position. “ Tlie farm” at Marshfield is worthy to be the resting place of its dlustrious owner. It is shield ed, by a range of beautiful hills, from the violence of our northeasterly storms; it has a distant view of tho ocean, beyond the lowlands which every high tide overflows:—on one side a wooded pro montory juts into sea, and on tlie othor rises « -looping highland, on the brow of which, in the deep repose of nature, his kindred rest in their long sleep, with no sounds above or around them, but the murmurs of the wind through the foiiagi of the drooping trees, or the song of birds, or the solemn voite of the sea speaking eternally from its vast depths;—tho undulating surface sweeps ur from the marshes and forms u table-land on which the house stands, then gently falls into a smooth and spreading lawn, —then, by a deeper slope, ii ascends to the western range of hills, which, on that side, shut in the pioture and bound a scene of harmonious, yet richly varied and sweetly con trasted beauty. As you look down from thesi hills, your heart beats with the uuspeakabh emotion that such objects inspire; but tho churn, is heightened by the reflection that the eapabilitie of nature have been unfolded by the skill and taste of one whose feme fills tho world; that ai illustrious existence has here blended its activity with the processes of the genial earth, and breathed its power into the breath of heaven, mid drawn its inspiration from the air, tho sea aud the sky . andaround ami abovo; and that hero, at this mo ment, tiie same illustrious existence is, for a time, struggling in a doubtful contest with a foe, t< whom all men must sooner or later lay down their arms. Hero, hut u few weeks since, Mr. Webster was accustomed to drive the transient guest ovet his estate; visiting life fiel's, hfe ocean shore, his flocks, and hia herds ; pointing out the prospect, and speaking with tendor emotion of the sad an' happy memories the varied views recalled; convers ing w ith the rustic neighbors whom he chanced t' meet, in kind and geuial tones, and on subject? which he and they understood alike; uttering from time to time glorious thoughts suggested by the scene, in language of massive beauty an' grandeur which made the moment memorable in the listener’s life. But this has been in some measure interrupted. That noble form, that sur passing strength of constitution, have drooped under the protracted illness which has withheld him from the turmoil raging outside of that se cluded spot: the drives over the hills and along the loud-resounding bos, which be loved so much, have ceased. Solemn thoughts exclude from his mind the in ferior topics of the fleeting hour; and the great aud awful themes of the future, now seemingly opening before him—themes to which his mind has always and instinctively tnrned its profonndesi meditations, now fill the hours won from the wean lassitude of illness, or from the public duties which sickness and retirement cannot make him forget or neglect. The eloquent speculations ®f Cicero on the immortality of the soul, and the admirable argument against the Epicurean philosophy, pnt into the mouth of one of the colloquists in the book on the Nature of the Gods, share his thought* with the sure testimony of the Word of God. But no day passes that tiie affairs of the country do not occupy his attention. His great mind never applied itself with a calmer or more comprehen sive grssp to the duties of his department. The intellectual power asserts its supremacy over physi cal weakness and tedious disease, with an unfalter ing energy of soul, that in itself is as good an argu ment of its immortality as Cicero ever uttered in the majestic accents of the Latin tongne. These are the dignified pursuits that grace the days of suffering passao by the illustrious states man of Marshfield. Ti e respectful sympathies ot the country surround him in his hours of illness, and the prayers of good men go up to Heaven for his speedy restoration. Ifit is wntteu in the in separable decrees of God, that he is to be recalled from the scene ofhfe earthly labors before his work fe completed—if so heavy a bereavement is soon to fall on the American people, may no man have cause to reproach himself that he strove to embit ter the la*t moments of so illustrious a life by harsh imputations or slanderous speech. When Mr. Webster is withdrawn from the scenes of this world, the party asperities which have raged so fiercely round him, will be drowned in the tears of a nation’s grief; and he who baa so far forgotten the claims of patriotic greatness as to join in the ignoble work of oalumniating a long life, exhaust ed in memorable services to the country and the age, will bear in hfe heart the burthen of an up braiding conscience, and a sens* of wrong done to the common benefactor of every American citizen, longaftcrtheday of atonement fe passed. For. whatever heated" partisans may say while Mr. Web ster lives, hereafter, whon the historian shall look back upon the first century of the American Re public, the two names which will shine with most unfading lustre and the serenest glory, high above all other* are Washington and Webster. There are men who are remembered only as the revilers ot Washington; there may be men who will b* remembered only aa the slanderers of Wabater. 8 CDS hi ASP Sinoclak*Death.— One of the most sudden and *iugular death* from fright we have ever been called upon to chronicle, occurred at North Market yesterday- morning. It appears that Mrs. barah Jane Bolton, in passing through the market dropped her pocket book, and a woman, named King, immediately Iwhind her, nicked it »!;• Mrs- Bolton missed the book, and tamed and asked Mrs. King if she had found it, who instautly replied that she had, and returned it to the owner Mr*. Bolton opened the book, and dociared that ten dollars had been taken out of it, which Mrs. King denied. The fotnier insisted that she had, and threatened her with a policeman if she did not re turn it, when Mr*. King tainted and fell at her feet. One or two policeman came np and com menced hurrying the poor woman off towards the calaboose, but soon finding that life was nearly, if not quite extinct, they laid her down on t cellar door where *he soon expired. A coroner’s inqnest was held soon after and the above facts elicited.— A ten dollar bill, außweringto tho one Mrs. Bol ton alleged to have lout, was found in Mrs. King’s basket. Mrs. King is said to be the wife of a steamhoaunan, and the mother of several children. —dt. Louie Intel. Oct. 14. Suow wa» falling on Saturday morning at Dan ville, Yt. At the last account* ;t was an inch deep. from th« S. Y. Journal of Commerce, October 18. Clift. The principles of international law which are involved in the cases of the Conelia and Crescent City, arc of too much importance to be passed over with bat alight notice. They need of cn to be in voked by oarown people, to render harmless those efforts of a foreign country, which wc have seen have been made, to prepare a certain description of persona who sink below the level of citizens, to revolt against slavery,—a preparation made in time of peace for a state of expected war. If any na tion may force npon another, persons who, from what they have openly done before, are justly sus pected orunfriendly designs against its peace and tranquility, then no nation possesses in the rules of public Isw, a protection against overthrow and destruction. The police regulations of a country are made for its protection. They embrace an in finite variety of laws which experience has dem onstrated to be necessary in each locality, founded npon its peculiarities of conditiou, and with which strangers, have no right to interfere, so long as they are really and truly of that character. Eve ry nation not only enjoys the full right, but is in duty bound, to judge for itself what those regula tions shall embrace, and how far they shall go lf the United States have the right to determine that Purser Smith shall be received by the au thorities at Cuba, the real and subtantial power over the destinies of that Island would be in the United States, and not in Cuba. They would have possessed an equal right to insist that a meebant ship containing their known enemv Lopez on board, should arrive at the port of Havana, and depart at the pleasure not of Cuba, but of our Government. The pretence that this might have been done with Lopez wonld instantly strike eve ry man with its enormity. The principle of such a case is one and the same precisely, as that on which Cuba excludes any other person against whom its suspicions are honestly aimed. The authorities of Spain at Cubs do not sav that no per.-on from the United States shall come within their limits, or that no vessel shall there land; on the contrary, they give full effect to our treaty, by admitting all other persons and vessels. The exclusion of only one is an admission of the rights of all others; that exclusion it puts on a special groned, connected with their view of what is necessary for the safety of the country. It must be borne in mind, in re spect to the case of Parser Smith, that he has used the right extended to him in common with the other citizens.of the United States, to land in Cuba, to the disadvantage of the prevailing authority, and that the commission of an offence is justly re garded as the assertion ot a principle of condffet, from which its repitition may be inferred when the same circumstances arise. They have a right to view him, therefore, as a person inimical and dangerous to the Government. It must also be borne in mind, that the Island contains many who arc disaffected to the prevailing power, that a seri ous revolution had only lately been put down, that its renewal has been extensively threatened, and '.hat an unlimited right on the part of strangers to use the hospitality extended to them by the foreign country to its advantage, would be the surest means to make revolt effectual. Chief Justicc Ta nev, in delivering the opinion of the Supreme Court in the passenger case, lays down most ex plicitly the principle for which we contend: “1 think it therefore to be very clear, both upon principle and the authority of adjudged cases, that the several Sta es have a right to remove from among their people, and to prevent from entering the State, any person, or class or description of persons whom it may deem dangerous or injurious to the interests and welfare of its citizens, ud that the State has the exclu-ive right to detormi o in its sound discretion, whether the danger does or does not exist, free from the control of the General Government.” Intiuit ly stronger is the argument in favor of the supposed right, thus overthrown, than is the supposed right in the ease of citizens who claim that they may force themselves upon Cuba ?n de fiance of her police laws. Oar treaty with Spain is far lass precise in respect to the rights conferred by it of transit and passage through the Spanish territory, than is our Constitution in respect to the right of a citizen of one State to have transit and passage through another; but yet the judges of the Supreme Court, in the weaker case, have laid down that right of exclusion in an unmistakable manner. It is the very principle for w hich the authorities of Cuba contend. The opposite of this principle is—what? That strangers tnu\ determine the mode and manner of intercourse with others; settle the nature and extent of the police regula tions adopted by others; and so settle them that the foreign country may easily be invaded and overthrown. The Southern States might be over run and destroyed if that were the settled law of nations. Such a law might be used to break down '.he settled action of any people which had the pe culiarities of condition that belong to Cuba, and to parts of our own country. Vattel thus lays down the rights of Nations: “The sovereign may forbid the entrance of his territory either to foreigners in general, or in par ticular cases, or to cortain persons or for certain - rticular purposes, affording as he may think it ad vantageous to the State." Kent lays down the same rule“lf, however, any Government deems the ntroduetion of foreigners or their merchandize in jurious to those interests oftheirown people which they are at liberty to protect and promote, they are at liberty to withhold the indulgence.” But suppose they aro admitted, what is their duty? We ask this question in order that the answer of Vattel may be applied to the conduct of Purser ■Smith:—“From a sense of gratitudo for the pro tection granted, and tho other advantages lie en joys, the foreigner ought not to content himself with barely respecting the laws of the country; he ought to assist it upon occasion, and contribute to its defence as fur as is consistent with his duty as a citizen of another State.” But the Courier, in iffcct, insists that these rules are changed when ever a treaty is made; that is to soy, that a treaty which by its terms was made for mutual advantage may be used so fur to the disadvantage of one of the contracting parties, that its jurisdiction over its police laws is destroyed or ufleeted by its provisions. Now, let us suppose that our treaty with Spain were much broader than it actually is, in respect to the mutual right of commerce which is granted, what would be its interpretation when it came in conflict with the local police regulations? Vattcl says, “If the assistance and offices that are due by virtue of such a treaty” (a treaty to permit commerce and passage) “should on any occasion prove incompatible with the dutios a nation owes to herself, or with what the sovereign owes to liis own nation, the case is tacitly and necessarily ex cepted in the Treaty." We have shown that a stranger who enjoys the protection and hospitality of a foreign nation is bound not only to abstain from acts of hostility, but as a recompense for what he thus enjoys, is held by writers on international law to various du ties which go to its protection, when those duties are not inconsistent with his obligations to his own country. It is very clear that Purser Smith is honestly supposed by tho Spanish authorities to have used his opportunities in C’Hba to aid-in this city those who are engaged in efforts to wrest that possession from Spain. If the Spanish authori ties are wrong in this respect, Purser Smith is in the unfortunate condition of all thoso who are charged with offences of which they are innocent, but as to whom the law takes its course—inflicting punishment in the shape of temporary' confinement —until tho matter is finally adjudicated. Tho Go vernment has openly made the charge against him, has given public notice that he shall not come with in tbe reach of their protection and hospitality again to abuse it, and hus stated that no vessel shall bo permitted to land that contains him on bonrd. It is easy to find in tho desire to impose the duty ' of caution upon others, and prevent a repetition of serious disasters upon themselves, abundant rea son for the step. Lieutenant Porter, the comman der of the Crescent City, in defiance of the notice thus given, appears at Havana, with the offensive person on board, and demands the right to con duct such business at Havana, as the landing of mails and passengers may make necessary. This is firmly refused, and a solemn protest aguinst the act is the result. If this course is supported by the rules of publio law, applicable to commercial intercourse, our Government will bo right in sus taining it; if not, the demand should be promptly ibandoued. Lieut. Portor, in his protest say’.. that he has distinctly declared that Purser Smith had no agency in composing or publishing tho ob jectionable matter—a declaration that would doubt less be final if ho wero the judge. It is as if a party were to stand up in tho court which alone bad jurisdiction, and should declare the innocence >f a prisoner. By all the rules of public law, the offended nation is the sole and exclusive judge of the guilt or inuoocnee of a person charged with violations of its laws. It may or may not treat tho evidence of Liout. Porter as conclusive. It elected not to do so. The right of election was dear, and the case is consequently to be urged, not >u tht assumption of innocence, but on the suppo sition that the charge is fairly made, and that Spain is justified in the proceedings warranted by that issumptiou. If Mr. O'Sullivan had been on board m the place of Purser Smith, und Lieut. Porter bad alleged that Mr. O’Sullivan was entirely inuo •ent of any attempt to stir up a rebellion against spain, the al!ega> ion would have been entitled only o the weight in Cuba, that it would receive in the United States tribunal which holds him iu custody o answer for that offence. The authorities of Cu ba are doing towards Purser Smith,precisely what >ur tribunals are doing towards Mr. O’Sullivan, disregarding all statement and acting upon the conviction that the eharge can be substantiated. No offence can bo committed ugainsta government sograveand serious, as an attempt to subvert its authority. It aims at annihilation, and is to be met over with the severest penalties. The offence onarged against Purser Smith is, that he is promo ting that object, and uses his presence in Cuba to advance in another quarter the steps avowedly on foot to wrest Cuba trom Spain. It is absurd to supposo that an ordinary treaty of commerce made for the advantage of both powers, can be tortured into an instrument to authorize one party to force upon the other, a person charged with aiding, it matters not where, to break up tho Government, and with it the treaty and the entire commerce which it authorises. The geod faith of the au thorities ofSpain is conspicuously shown inherno tice, in her willingness to admit the Crescent City without the offending person, and in the reception of all other vessels and persons enjoying the protec tion of our flag. The exclusion,"applied only to oue person, ought to be readily admitted have its foundation in an honest motive. The ground of the Courier and Enquirer, that the exclusion of one vessel is the assertion of a right “to exclude the whole mercantile marine of the Uuited States” is simply preposterous. It is the assertion of the right to exclude only when honest suspicions have been excited. The claim on the other hand that such vessel shall be received in the port of Havana, asserts the principle that on the eve of an expected revolution, a treaty of com merce shall be used to introduce disaffected per sons within the Spanish limits, at any of her ports, and subject her Government to what is deemed in consistent with its safety and security. Such a pretence would secure to the statesman who ad vanced it the contempt of the civilized world. It would, if true, subject a nation to the sport of buc caniers, and break down ail regular government. It can receive no sympathy from our Cabinet, and will be condemned by the" wliole people, with the exception of that floating and dangerous body which employa itself against our harmless neigh bors. Virginia Funs.—We find in the Parkersburgh Gazette an interesting statement of the fur trade of Western Virginia. The following is an extract: Last year we are told, furs and skins were ship ped from oar wharf to the amount of 110,000 or up wards in value. This year's collection greatly ex ceeds that amount. Six or seven large wasrons came this week, loaded to the bow* with peltries, and others have gone to other points. As showing the axtent of his operations within the last season, in the tier of counties lying between the Ohio river and Alleghany mountains, Mr. Tuvlor has furnish ed the following list of shipping furs and *kins*coilected by him, and now “ en route" to the seaboard: Kaccoon about 27,000; Mink, d 04.500; Red Fox, do 1,000; Grey Fox, do 5,500, Wild Cat, do 8000; Otter and Fisher, do 400; Opossum do 6,500; Bear, 500; Deer, do. 6000. Con-idering that ours is the oldest State of the Union, we regard this list as giving evidence of a pretty fair crop of “varmints” for one year! Among the trophies of his campaign, Mr. Taylor has the hide and scull of a panther, which, for size, must bear the palm. This animal was shot by Ellis Houchin, Pocahontas county, we believe. When killed it measured 10 feet 4 inches from tip to tip, and when staffed the skin held seven bushels of bran 1 Mouth or the Mrastssipn.—The commission of u. S. officers, chiefly of the topographical and mil itary engineers, returned to the city day before Yesterday from the passes of the Mississippi, where thev had been for a week examining the mouth to ascertain the best manner of applying the Congressional appropriation ot $75,000 to im prove the channel for sea-going vessels. The com mission were to hsvc rewsined at the mouth a couple of weeks longer, but the receipt of docu ments frem Washington City, affording much im portant information recently obtained by a coast survey at the very localities in question, saved the members of the commission much labor. The in vestigation of the commission have developed many interesting and curioua geological phenome na.— Pieuirune, 22d hast. Gov. Ilunt of New-York, has issued his procla mation, recommending that Thursday, the 35th November, be observed as a day of Prayer and Thanksgiving. Fffil <%miick & JltttfineL AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. WEDNESDAY MORNING OCTOBER 27, 1852. INDE PENDENT TICKET. EOR PRESIDENT, MILLARD FILLMORE, OF NEW TORE, OR JOHN J. CRITTENDEN,' OF KENTUCKY. FOR VICE-PRESIDENT, CHARLES J. JENKINS, OF GEORGIA. ELECTORS: FOB THE STATE AT LARGE, H. H. CUMMING, of Richmond. EDWARD Y. HILL, of Troup. Ist. Dot.—HAMILTON W. SHARPE, of Thomas. 2d. “ WM. M. BROWN, of Marion. 3d. “ WASHINGTON POE of Bibb. 4th. “ WM. R FANNIN, of Tronp. sth. « NOAH STRONG, of Forsyth, 3th. “ YOUNG L. G. HARRIS, of Clark. 7th. “ JOHN J. FLOYD, of Newton. Stli. “ PHILIP S. LEMLE. of Jefferson. TO THE POLLS ! TO THE POLLS ! ! Recollect that the Election, for President and Vice President, takes place on TUESDAY NEXT, the 2d day of November, when every voter should discharge his duty to himself and his country, by casting his vote for those most worthy to fill those high offices! Death of Mr. Webster. Another, and the last, of the great American trio of intellectual giants has passed off the theatre of life. Daniel W ebster, the accomplished ora tor, the profound and sagacious statesman, and the illustrious patriot, is no more. He died at his resi dence, at Marshfield, Massachusetts, at 8 o’clock, Sunday morning, the 24th inst. Two fleeting years ago, the nation was shrouded in mourning for the loss of Calhoun ; but yester day, his compeer Clay, passed amid the tears of a nation of freemen to thetomb; and to-day, Mr. Wlbstkr is no more, save in the hearts of his coun trymen, and graven immortally npon the tablets of her history. Thus, within two years nnd a few brief months, three of the greatest intellects, the most profound statesmen and purest patriots of I their day and generation, have passed from life. Such a calamity no nation on the earth ever sus tained—they had no such men. It is not our pnrpose on this occasion, to attempt any extended culoginm npon the life and public services of the illustrious dead. Such a labor should be performed by those more competent. It may not, however, be out of place to offer a passing tribute, in the shape of a brief though imperfect sketch of the history of one whose gigantic intel lect, and broad, expansive and ardent patriotism commanded our highest admiration. Daniel Webster was born on the 18th of Janu ary, 1782, of Revolutionary parentage, in the town of Salisbury, New Hampshire. He was, therefore, uear seventy-one years of age. He grow up amid all the difficulties incident to a frontier life. His early education was obtained at the free schools of his native State, and after encountering many ob stacles, he graduated at Dartmouth College in 1801, where he gave nnmistakeable evidence of the pos session of those high intellectual powers which have shed sneh a lustre about his name, and npon the age in which he lived. Soon after leaving College he commenced the study of the Law in the office of Mr. Thompson, in his native town, which he completed in the office of Mr. Gore, of Boston, where he was admitted to practice, in 1805. On p> osenting him for admission, Mr. G. ventured to predict for him a career quite as brilliant as he has achieved. At Boscawen, in his native State, he entered i upon the practice and rO9O so rapidly to dis tinction, that he telt a larger field was desirable, j and in 1807 removed to Portsmouth, N. H., then f the principal commercial town in the State. Here he soon took rank among the first legal minds of tho Stute, and in 1812, at the ago of thirty years, f was elected to Congress—in the lower House of > which he continued till 1817, when he removed to j Boston, which afforded a much more ample field i for the practice of his profession and the display of his great powers. For six or eight years he dc ’ voted himself with untiring assiduity to the prac tice of the law, declining office and refusing to en i ter into politics, save being a member of the con | vention to alter the Constitution of Massachusetts in 1820-21, in which he distinguished himself hy i the development of those enlarged and liberal i views, so prominently displayed throughout his ; whole life, and which gave him such a command t ing influence among his fellow-men. i It was iu 1820, that he gave to the world one of | those massive productions of forensic eloquence of which his luminous mind was so capable and so prolific, on the occasion of tho second centennial i celebration of the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers, i which was pronounced on the vjyy rock on which j they landed two hundred years previous; This, together with his famous Bunker Hill Oration, in i 1825, the chaste and eloquent eulogium pronounced upon Adams and Jefferson, in 1826, and the Ora ’ tion delivered in 1832 at the centennial celebration i of the birth of Washington, are among tho finest specimens of eloquence of this or any age, and ' will, together with numerous others, on various occasions and themes, go down to posterity as the proudest legacy of a generation of patriots. In 1823 he was again elected to Congress, where he remained till 1827, and was almost unanimous ly re-elected, but a vacancy having oecured in the Senate, he was elevated to a seat in that, then au gust and dignified body, in which he continued, but for short intervals, daring the remainder of his life. These intervals were occupied with seats in the Cabinets ofPresidents Harrison, Tyler and Fillmore, where he filled with such pre-eminent ability the responsible and commanding position of Secretary of State. With his career in Congress the American peo ple aro but too familiar to require recapitulation here, even if the limits of this article permitted. Ho was ever tho profound and sagacious states man, the learned and accomplished orator, and the undeviating patriot, whose great American heart cleaved to the glorious Constitution and institu tions of his beloved country as the needle to the magnet. Nor have we time or space to glance even at his great achievements in the Cabinet—prominent among which were the Ashburton treaty and the Hultzeman fetter. There, as every where else, he was always equal to the occasion and the crisis. His diplomacy was of that high order, which, while it obtained the rights of Iris country, secured for him the highest confidence of his countrymen, and commanded the admiration of the civilized world. An ardent lover of peace, he was ever ready to promote the most harmonious relations with all the world —yet no American ever felt that the rights and honor of his country would ever be tarnished while Daniil Webster was Secretary of State. Indeed all felt whether he was in or oat of office, they could recline with safety upon his and Clay’s and Calhoun’s giant proportions, and that all was safe. Such was Daniel Webster —such the great “De fender ofthe Constitution”—such the great Ameri can heart—for his was an American heart —which has just ceased to pulsate, whom a nation of free men mourns. Well and truly may we exclaim— “ Lie there, great heart, The earth that bears thee dead, Bears not alive, eo great a statesman l ” WHIT SBA WE DO? Tits is a question with which we are mat at every turn, from those Independent Freemen, who have risen snperior to party dictation and irresponsible conventions, and declared their purpose to vote for an “Independent Ticket,” for President and Vice President. Tiie sudden and unlooked for calamity which the country has sustained in the death of that illus trious citizen, the late Daniel Webster, upon whom they had determined to cast their suf frage, as a worthy tribute to his great worth, his splendid genius and his patriotic devotion to the Constitution and Laws, has produced in their ranks temporary confusion; and as the election is so near at hand as to render conference and con sultation impossible, it becomes ns to decide promptly on our course, and march forward in the discharge of onr duty to the country aud ourselves. For our own part, in such an emergen cy, we have little difficulty in determining as to where duty points, and in that direction we shall pursue our way without stopping to enquire who will accompany ns. It was not without mature deliberation, that, alter the most thorough investigation of the merits of the two candidates, Pierce and Scott, we came to the conclusion that, neither of them were worthy of the confidence and support of the American peo ple for any such distinctioß, and we would not, therefore, support either. In assuming this posi tion, we were perfectly conscious we were about to, and would, sunder ties of long standing; but onr sense of duty to ourselves and the country beck oned ns on, and we hesitated not in onr course. We therefore cordially acquiesced in the propriety, nay, absolute necessity of enlisting under the ban ner of an “Independent Ticket”—one combining the highest order of statesmanship, long experi ence and undying devotion to the great interests of tbe country ; and such a Ticket, in connection with those who concurred in our views, we placed be fore the country. He, however, who holds in his hands the destinies of nations, has gathered to himself onr great and noble standard bearer—call ed him hence forever, while yet “he bad tbe har ness on”—and he is no more of earth. What, then, shall we do I As before remarked, the way is plain. Our early impressions of the two candi dates now before the country were not lightly or hastily formed, and subsequent investigation has bnt confirmed our first impressions that they an not worthy of so high a trust. We shall, there fore, vote for the “Independent Electoral Ticket,’ and let them, if elected, choose between MILLAED FILLMORE and JOHN J. CRITTENDEN, and cast the vote of Georgia accordingly. We, therefore, place at our mast-head this morn ing, the name* of MILLARD FILLMORE and JOHN J. CEITTENDEX, and shall keep the ban ner floating in the breeze till the contest is ended. Thev are statesmen and patriots, in the trne accep- , ta: on of the term, men, to either of whom any | man, and all men can safely confide the destinies of this great and growing Republic. Onr motto is the “’ STAND BY THE TICKET. < Never heard of Pierce. It is refreshing to meet a frank, honest nnd can did man, like John Ellsbekby, a prominent Demo- | crat of Clarke county, Kentucky, who, in a letter to the Obeerter tk Reporter, speaks out like a true and honest-hearted patriot, who loved his country and her institutions. Mr. E. has long been a De mocrat—a constant reader of Democratic journals —has always voted for tho nominees of his party, bat his patriotism revolts at supporting Lhe obscure New-Hampshire Brigadier. That is asking quite too much—to ask an intelligent, well informed man to vote for a man for President of whom he had Dever heard until he was nominated. It is an insult to his understanding and his love of country. Yet, strange as it may seem, there arc thousands and thousands of Democrats, intelligent, well in formed tnen, who keep well posted up in the poli tics ofthe day, who are in the same contingency as Mr. Ellsbekrt. But we are detaining the reader, onr object was to introduce an extract from Mr. Ellsbebby’s letter. Here it ia: “ I voted for Gen. Jackson all the time. I vo ted twice for that arch magician, Martin Van Bu reu, who in 1848, defeated that noble patriot and statesman, Gen. Cass, by running aseparate ticket of the freesoil and abolition stripe. Now, Demo crats of the South, wiiere is little Matty with his son John, and all, or nearly all the Abolitionist host ? Cheek by jowl, with Franklin Pierce, a tnan, I dedate to yon, I never heard of until after his nomination at Baltimore, notwithstanding 1 have been a constant reader of the public journals for a great many years, and had he don* any great act, lam of the impression I should have heard of it. * * * * * * “Mr. Editor, I voted in ’44 for Mr. Polk against Mr. Clay, the greatest statesman that ever lived. In’4B I voted for Gen. Cass, a statesman that is known throughout the world. And I am now asked to vote for F. Pierce, a man unknown to fame, unless the fainting fits gave him fame. Now I won’t do it, that is certain, I’ll fault first.” Washington National .Monument. This monument, it is stated, is now about 118 feet high, and will reach 120 feet ut the close ofthe E resent season. The funds raised in various ways y voluntary contribution, wo regret to learn, are falling short, and the structure cannot be carried up unless a more enthusiastic and public spirited effort by the American people be made. The pro posed contribution of half a dime by each voter at the coming Presidential election has been general ly approved of, and it is hoped will everywhere be adopted. This contribution, it is estimated, would yield some one hundred and forty thousand dol lars, and three cents a head by every white inhabit ant would be sufficient to complete the Monu ment. In this vicinity the suggestion of giving an oppor tunity to our citizens of contributing tothe monu ment whilst voting for the Chief Magistrate of the country willbc cordially adopted, and arrangements have already been mode for placing at each ofthe polls boxes to receive the donations made. \Vc hope the plan may be pursued throughout the State, and that Maryland will evince her apprecia tion ofthe patriotioobject bo the contribution of a liberal amount. We may appositely mention in this connection also, that a box for the purpose of receiving contributions to tho monument has been placed in the main saloon ot the Maryland Insti tute Exhibition, and that tiie deposit of a small sum by oach ofthe visitors will he effectual in ad ding a handsome amount to the Monument fund. A block of marble of the finest texture, and re ceiving a most beautiful polish, taken from a quar ry on the Rio Grande,"has been contributed by the Legislature of Texas, to be placed in the Washing ton National Monument, and was a few days ago presented to the Board of Managers by Thomas 8. Smith, Esq., in the name and at the request ofthe Governor of that State. This block is four feet in length,* two feet in height, and eighteen inches in width, and is equal to the finest specimens of marble which have been received to be placed in t .e Monument, and it now completes the lull com plement of blocks from all the States of the Union. The one sent by California, howevor, a specimen of the gold quartz, being deemed by some of its citizens not of sufficient magnitude nnd beauty, three others arc now preparing in that State to be sent to the Monument. We copy tho foregoing remarks from tlie Balti more American, not only to express our entire con currence in the desire that collections should be universally taken up at tho polls ou election day, but to express tho hope that no restriction as to the amount of individual contributions may be im posed anywhere. Let every man contribute what he pleases, and while the great mass may only give a few cents, not exceeding a dime perhaps, thou sand* will cheerfully coutributo from oue dollar to five dollars each, aud a great many even more than that. Let, then, tho boxes be arranged, and lcttlie managers ask every man to contribute something for tlie Washington Monument. We feel assured that if a proper and well directed effort be made, there arc many sections of tlie country in which every voter will give semething. Wo hope Geor gia, on that occasion, will manifest her reverence for tho narno and character of Washington, and her devotion to our glorious institutions, in such a manner as not to excite a blush on the cheek of her citizens, when allusion is made to tlie subject. Another Forgery Exposed. The National Intelligencer , of Tuesday, says : The following communication from the Hon. Lewis D. Campbell, of Ohio, was received last night by Telegraph: “ Hamilton, Oet. 18, 1852. "To the Eilitore of the National Intelligencer: “The publication in tho “Union” of Tuesday, tho 12th inst., over my name, declaring Geii. Scott for a repeal of tlie 'Fugitive Slave Law, is a base forgery. I never wrote or published such a circular. Lewis D. Campbell.” The reader will recollect, that this same extract was clipped from tho Washington Union, by a correspondent of tho Chronicle tfc Sentinel, “An Independent Outsider," und published in Wednes day’s paper, as a part of his communication. We note tho fact, to correct, as far as possible, the inju ry done to Gen. Soott aud Mr. Campbell, by the publication in this journal. It is scarcely necessary to say that our corres pondent was imposed upon by the Union. For, however, opposed to Gen. Soorr, ho is incapable of a resort to any other than fair means to defeat him. His fault is, that iu his opposition to Scott, ho lias been induced to give credence to the statements of the Washington Union. Eulogy on Mr. Clay. Wsare requested to announce, that the Proces sion on Thursday, the 4th day of November, will bo formed in front of the Uuited States Hotel, at 10 o’clock, A. M., under tho command ot Col. W. T. Gould, as Marshall of the day, and march to the City Hall, where the Enlogv will be pronounced hy tlie Hon. CnARLEs J. Jenkins. Tho Programme of the Procession will be given hereafter. Election Tickets. Persons who desire to obtain Election Tickets can be supplied at this office, at $2.50 jier thou sand, or thirty-three cents per hundred for any smaller number. Send in your orders. Pennsylvania and Ohio. The recent elections in these two States, have been looked to with considerable anxiety by all those who feci an interest in the Presidential con test, as an index to the November election. The Whigsno where expected to carry either State in the election just closed, but they now affect to feel great confidence, that both States will go for Scorr —an opinion, which we regard as very well found ed. Greeley, the Editor of the New-York Tribune, a very sagacious, civil calculator, iu election mat ters, ha* been travelling through botli States, and the following is the result of his convictions and ob servations : “ Having spent tlie eight days preceding last Sunday in Ohio, and since passed through Penn sylvania, we have had opportunities to know some thing of the spirit iu which their State election* have been prepared lor and contested, aud of the portents of those elections. “Pennsylvaniais naturally one oftbe best Soott States in tlie Union—one of tlie eusiest to carry for the Hero of Chippewa by a large majority. It i deepiy interested iu the production ot iron, which has been greatly depressed under the tariff of 1846, aud though a little better now. is certain to be de pressed again so soon us the iron masters of Great Britain shall be impelled to reduce their prices.— Gen. Scott is personally and widely beloved iu Pennsylvania, while Gen. Pierce has not a particle of strength there, but what was given him by his nomination at Baltimore. A full vote and a fair, animated contest insures the State to Scott by a large majority. “ Resting in the consciousness of this strength, his friends have as yet done very little in tho way of the organization and concentration of their forces. They have gone into the State election split up into half a dozen local factions. Temperance aud rum, slavery and anti-slavery, with a dozen other side issues, have served to distract them. They went into this week’s contest as thoroughly disorganized as a party could be. Thus, in Pittsburgh, where we spent Sunday and Monday, every body was anxious as to whether ‘Joe Barker’ shoulder should not be chosen Sheriff, while nobody se-m ed to know or much care as to what would be the result as to State officers. Temperance was certain there to injure the Whig Legislative ticket, which was pledged to the Maine law, while the fuel that our ticket in Lancaster was against the Maine law. caused it to be cut there badly.— These two counties (Alleghany and Lancaster,) will give at least three thousand more majority for Scott than they have given for the Whig tick et. And so it will be throughout the State. “We passed nearly through the State on the day of election, and everywhere heard the same -tory —the State functionaries working for dear life on the lines of State canals and railroads, but the Whigs treating the contest as of no national im portance. For instance, in oue township a canvass of the voters has been made, and there are just sixty-one Pierce men within its borders; and these cast fifty nine votes on Tuesday ; while that same township lias seventy-jive Scott voters who did not go near the polls. It was much like this through out. * * * There are twenty-five thousand Whig votes in Pennsylvania which have not been poled at this election. “We might have carried Philadelphia county triumphantly, and perhaps saved the Stale ticket, by consenting to a coalition with the Native Ame rican partv. By electing L. C. Levin to Congress, and one or two of their coantv ticket, we might have taken the rest ofthe county ticket, Hared one or two members of Congress, and sent our State candidates ont of Philadelphia several thousand* ahead. But if the Whig* had done so, they would have been accused of favoring Nativeism, aud Gen. SoottVonld have been held to answer for it. It was better to lose ground now than to risk the alienation of the adopted citizens ofthe Presiden tial contest. _ ****** “Onrfriends in Ohio, having no hope of the success of their two candidates for State offices of no political importance, made no serious or con certed effort in their behalf. * * * “ We never supposed Gen. Scott could be elected without effort, in view oftbe hnngryncssaud des peration of the politicians working against him; we have believed, as we now believe, be will be elected by means of effort, and because his friend* will make the needful exertions to se ure his tri umph.” The Cincinnati Gazette, a journal not aceastoni. ed to bluster about elections, or bray about the prospects of its party, seems to hav acquired great confidence since the election, and remarks: We think it now settled —a fixed fact—that the twenty-three votes of Ohio will be given to Gen. Scott." His strength is greater in the State—much than that of cuf State ticket at the late election*. All who voted the Whig ticket'at our general election will vote lor Scott elector*, and will vote with us forSeottand Graham. Ops friend* in Ohio know, and onr friends e'*ew'>ert ttsy rest assured that Ohio if for Scott r.f,d Gr bam, for the Union, for internal improvements, f,r protection to onr own labor, for peace, and the prosperity and happiness of the people. * Honor* to Mr. Webster. Is Charleston on Monday the Custom House wag closed and the ships’ flag* flying at half-mast. Webster and Jenkins. The reoent elections seem to have inftised a now life into the independent freemen, who repudiate the nominations of Piehpe and Scott, regarding them both as unfit for tho offioo to which they as pire, and unworthy—totally unworthy— of the suf fragos of an intelligent and free people. We fear they have slumbered too long over their privileges, but they may yet do much good toward relieving the country from the servility to partisan dictation. New York is moving on, and we find in the New York papers the following Webster and Jknxinb’ electoral ticket for that State: Citizens of New York to tho number of several thousands, have, within a few days, subscribed a gaper in favor ofa Webster electoral ticket, fortliis late. In pursuance of this expression of senti ment, a committee was appointed at a meeting called for the purpose on the 80th ult., to obtain suitable candidates for Electors of President and Vice Prestdent of the United States, for the State of New York. The committee beg to announce the following ticket, in part. Answers are hourly expected from gentlemen selected as candidates in the re maining districts, and the tioket will be published entire within a few days: 7 f Fred’kF. Backus, of Rochester. Senatorial. K Davis Noxollj of Syracuse. Diet. Diet. Ist Garrett L. Martense. 11th Chas. W.Sehaffer. 2d George Wood. 12th Edward K. James. 3J. Henry R. Dunham. 14th T. Van Vetchen. 4th Horace Uoiden. 28d Hunter Crane. sth William Chauneey. 24th John 11. Johnson. 6th Hiram Ketchum. 25th John S. King. 7th Drake Mills. 26th Thomas Beals. ■Sth Elias H. Herrick. SOth Elisha B. Strong. 9tli John Thomas. | 82d Harry Slade. 10th Daniel Farrington. | 33d. Elijah A. Rice. By order of the Committee: Geo. A. Hood, Secretary. It is stated that a ticket wi.l soon be put forth in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Wisconsin. Meetings continue to bo held in Massachusetts. Wednesday night last, there was an immense pro cession ofthe young men of Boston, friends of Webster and Jenkins. » On Thursday the Webster men of Boston fired one hundred guns in honor of the Webster electo ral ticket formed in ;New York. The New York Mirror says: “ It is soinowhat amusing to hear littlo whipper snapper politicians ‘ damn Webster’ for not com big out. Wo heard an asinine youth, yesterday, pro nounce Daniel Webster a ‘d—-d fool!” We could not help mildly replying, that wo regarded Mr. Webster as ‘a man of considerable intellect!’ Pot-house politicians nro just now spitting vol umes of troth at the greatest living statesman ; but they might as well attempt to squirt their tobacco juice at the face of the sun, with the wind blowing strongly against them.” The Webster movement in North Carolina lias bean abandoned. Col. Fannin's Acceptance. The Executive Committee having filled the va cancy in tho Independent Electoral Ticket, for Webster and Jenkins, with the name of Col. Wx. F. Fannin of Troup county, notified him thereof and received the following lotter in reply. The selection ofCol. F. is a most judicious one, and wo congratulate him upon tho commanding position he occupies before the country: LaGrangk, Ga., Oct, 16, 1852. James T. Nisbet, Esq., Chairman Executive Com mittee: Dear Sir,— Your favor of tho 10th inst., propos ing to plaoe my name on the Webster Electoral Ticket, is before me. Ido not feel at liberty to decline the appointment, and in accepting, deem it my duty to state succinctly the causes wliich in duce my course. I have ever been a W’big. Gen. Scott is tho nominee ofa portion of that party —but I object to him that ‘‘his convictions” lead— -Ist. To a virtual abrogation ofthe veto power. 2nd. To a morconary uriny. 3d. To “the melioration of slavery even to itß utter extinction.” 4th. To the annexation of Freesoil, but not Slave Territory. 51 h. To the suppression of all opposition to laws of Congress, whether right or wrong. 6th. To tho extension of the Presidential term, already long enough. 7th. Ton strong Government with too great an infusion ofthe military element. Not recognising the above as Whig princinlos, I shall not commit myself to thoir support. When principle, or the interest of tho South is involved, I can tolerate no such word as “availability.” I can vote for Mr. Webster without doing violence either to my feelings or my principles. In haste, respectfully yours, Wm. F. Fannin. Tlie State Fair. The Savannah Republican of Thursday, contains the following notice of the Fair at Macon. Tho story übout tho “Southern Cultivator ” and “organ.- ism," is entirely a fancy sketch of tlie correspon dent’s. The Southern Cultivator aspires to no such dignified position as that of becoming the “organ" of any body. Preferring to rely upon its intrinsic merits to commend it to the public favor, it neither seeks or desires any such prop for support and sustenance: Macon, Oct. 20—6 P. M.—The influx of stran gers has been immense. There are twico as many persons in attendance as yesterday—probably ten thousand. The register hooks having beon given to the committee, it is utterly impossible to give a list of articles oil exhibition. Wo hope to do this here after; but this is uncertain, as it is utterly impos sible to say at wbat hour the committee will re port. Our impression now is, that tho Fair is de cidedly superior to that of last year. An effort will be made to have the next exhibi tion in Augusta, and to make the “Southern Culti vator" the orgun of tho Society, instead of tho “Soil of the South." Quite a discussion occurred on this aud collateral subjects to-day. The probability is that both will bo made the’ organs, and that "the Fair will be made migratory—giving it to that city which offers tho greatest inducements, Savannah we hope included. Pickpockets aro still very active. One was caught to-day and caged. Another was caught last night and given one hundred lashes, woll laid on. The Agricultural Convention meets to-night, when an important discussion is anticipated. The Committeo on premiums will report to-morrow. The grand fancy ball tukes place to-night. Health of Savannah and Charleston. The Board of Hoalth of Savannah report 81 deaths—2B whites and 3 blacks—in that city for tho week ending tho 19th inst. Os thoso, oue died of typhoid fever; one of bilious fever; two of fe ver; four of remittant fever; and sovon of yellow fevor. This, in a population of 18,800, is one in every 590 souls. This is a more unfavorable report than for the week previous. In Charleston, for tho week ending the 16th inst., there were 77 deaths—s7 whites and 20 blacks. Os tlie whites, 5 were natives of Charleston; 8 of different States of the Union; 25 of Ireland; 15 of Germany; 8 of Italy; 1 of Canada, and 1 of Eng land. There were 44 deaths from yellow fevor, 2 from reinittaut fever, and 1 from typhoid fever. This is tho worst week of tlie season for Charles ton, and shows a mortality of one in every 658 per sons. According to these reports, the difference in tho health of tho two cities is very trifling, and the mortality in both is truly fearful. A frost will re lieve both from the terrible scourge from which they are now tufforing, and we sincerely hope it is near at hand. City Mortallity. —The health of Baltimore con tinues remarkably good, there having been but 86 interments during the week, ending Monday morn ing, oftt of a population of about 200,000 persons. This is 61 less than during a single week of tho last summer. Os the above deaths, 14 wero of con sumption, 7 of scarlect fever, and 18 infantile un known. Tho deaths in Philadelphia for tho week ending the 16th inst., were only 158. Tlie death* iu New York last week numbered 070, being 13 less than those ofthe previous week. 4 died from cholera; 21 from cholera infantum; 18 from cholera morbus; 42 from consumption; 8 from small pox; and the residue from other com plaints. The number of deaths in Boston for the week ending Saturday, was 71, of which 38 were chil dren under five years of age. The chief diseases were, consumption 15, dropsy in tho bead 5, and scarlet fever 8. Only 8 died of dysentery, and the total of all kinds of bowel diseases was but 8. Savannah and Albany Railroad The city Council of Savannah, ill responce to an application from tho Board ot Directors of the Savannah and Albany Railroad Company, have voted (subject to tho approval of her citizens,) an impropriation of five hundred thousand dollars to wards the construction of a road from Savannah in the direction of South-western Georgia. This is a most important move for Savannah, and cannot fail, when the road is completed, to exercisfi a very great influence upon the trade and commerce. We are glad, therefore, to see that the friends of the exterprise are entering with a degree of spirit and energy with the work, equal to the emergency and commensurate with its im portance both to Savanna hand the country through which the road passes. They have already had the offer of abundant aid fram abroad aud six of the ' Board of Directors have taken 127,000 of the stock. Physicians Visiting List for 1853. This is the title of a neat little book, so arrang ed that a physician need not forget any of his pa tienU, no mutter how numerous they may be, pro vided he follows the directions. It also contains a table of proportionate doses of medicine for all ages and the antidotes for various poisons, and a list of the officers ofthe American Medical Associ ation and the amendments proposed to the As sociation, together with other useful matter.— This is a book that every practical physician should have in his pocket. It can be found at the Book Store of J. A. Carrie & Co., to whose polite ness we are indebted for a copy. Mcbdebous Attemft. —We learn that Dr. Wigbtmax, of Lincoln county, while riding along a road in that county, on Monday lust, was fired at from behind, by some fiend, and severely wound ed in the back and shoulder. The assassin disap peared so quickly in tho thicket, that the Doctor did not even see him. Pulaski Court. —Judge Hansell, on account of the unusual amount of sickness prevailing in Pulaski, has postponed Court to the 20th of De cember. Feank Tolland, charged with being an accom p’.ice of the murder of his father, in Lowndes coun ty, Miss., in April, 1845, was acquitted at Aber deen on the 55th Olt., whither his trial had been moved. He had been convicted once, but had ta ken the ease before the Supreme Court, and a new trial was granted. He bad been confined in prison upwards of seven years, he not being able to give tbe necessary bail to release him from prison. Several fires, suspected to have been the work of an iucendiary, have recently occurred at Pensa cola. Suspicions are entertained that a man named Woodbine is the gnilty party, and a reward of five hundred dollars has been offered for his appre hension. Considerable excitement prevails, and the people are busy in organizing fire and patrol companies. The Caloric Engine—Yankee Enterprise. It would bo difficult to pay a higher compli ment to Yankee enterprise and progress than is contained iu tho following communication from an Englishman to the London Xnct. The truth is fast gaining eredenco in England, that if she would keep paee with America, she must enter the list prepared to display ho highest energies and skill. And oven then the more discreet and sagacious of her people are endeavoring to inculcate tho lesson that they must not calculate with certainty upon a triumph over Jonathan: To the Editors qf the London Daily Nows: Sin—By tho Irfst American mail we learn that the caloric ship Ericsson was to have been touched on the 15th inst. Being of tho opinion that tho calorie engine will be found particularly applicable to marine purposes on the largest scale, and as this point will now very soon be placed beyond the possibility of a doubt, I would submit the fol lowing observations for tho consideration of “thoso whom it may concern.” Tho caloric engine of any given power will con sume not an eighth of the coal used by a steam engine of like powor. This may bo an unpalata ble fact to our great coal owner*. Tho caloric en gine has no boilers, and is in construction mor* compact and less complicated than the steam en gine ; consequently it will be proportionally cheap er. This is not exactly what our onginoers and boiler-makers will like. But to that part of the public who travel—to those who sond merchan dise from one end of the world to another —to all those who, while contributing to pay for tho expensive trinkets provided by tho Admirality for the public amusement, in the steam line, pay also towards the large subsides to steam companies, but have no interest in soiling coal, or building steam engines—to all such it will boa very differ ent matter—it will ho all gain and no loss. And assure as water will find its levol, the u-e of the caloric engine will force its way, Have any of tho flappers of our Laputan sages at tho Admiralty awakened them to what brother Jonathan is about f Have thoy deputed any “ competent per son” to watch and report the progress of the calor ic engine, so that in due time they might be pre pared to arrest what may soon como to he useless expenditure in steam vessels; and that thoy may steal a march on our good neighbors, tho French, and render useless their present provision of what they call a “ steam bridge” aoross tho channel for invading us ? We have expended, and are spend ing ut this moment, immense sums of tho public money to lit our largest liuo-of battle ships, as well as frigates, with the screw, propelled by steam.— This involves not merely the expense, gr at as it is, of tho exterior adaptation, but all those arrange ments of interior oconomy, resulting from the ne cessity of appropriating a cortaiu space for steam engines and boilers, and tho requisite coal. If the caloric engine succeeds, stoam engiues, and tho vessels using them, become at onco as much to tho purpose as an old stage coach with ita four thor ough-breda on a railroad. I am, sir, your obedient servant, Bayswater, Sept. 28 Indicator. Singular Case. —Wo lean from the Tuscaloosa (Ala.) Observer that at the recent session of the Circuit Court at that place, Charles Jacobs plead guilty to tho charge ofperjury, and was sentenced to five years imprisonment in the Penitentiary. The observer says that tho case grow out of an ex traordinary stato of facts, which i„ details as fol lows : It will he remembered that, near five months ago, a man named Campbell, then just from Mobile, was found one, morning, noarth'o wharf in this city, dead—bearing on his body unquestiona ble marks of violence and murder. Our whole community was thrown into excitement. For many days all eyes and ears were on the alert to discover the perpotrator of the diabolical deed, of which there had been no parallel among us. The city authorities were diligent in their efforts to ferret him out. In the midst of too excitement, Charles Jacobs charged Hiram bnunders and Wil liam T. Gray with the murder, lie stutod that lie saw them kill Campbell and ritlo his poekots and then placo his body wlioro it was found tho next morning; giving the time and place aud a detail of circumstances. Before tho mayor and justices he swore to these facts; and Saunders and Gray were committed to prison to answer tho charge of murder at this term of tho court. Jacobs was required to give boud for his appearance to testify against them. Failing to do that, e also was com mitted—but to a separate department. Being brought before the grand jury, and sworn to give evidence against Saunders and Gray, ho stated that he knew nothing of the murder, and that all he had sworn to before tho committing magistrates, wa* false. Wo understand that great efforts were mndo by the grand jury to discover tho murderer of Camp bell, but without success. New Postal Arrangements with Prussia.— The Kolnische Zoitung of the 28th ult. contains an official notice of the new Postal Arrangements be tweon Prussia and tho United States. Tho sub stance of the notioo is as follows): All letters aud papers —the latter must ho mailed with only a simple baud around them; which are not specially marked to go by other routos, will ire sent byway of Cologne and Verviers, and during tho transit betwoou these two places will be enclosed in seal ed bags, on ba ord the post-offico ear, and forward ed to Now York or Boston. The postage maybe pre-paid or not in all tho various Gorman States which belong to tho Postal Union. The rates to tho place whither directed, will be for a singlo let ter, one loth or % ounce, 18 silver grosehen, about 81 cents.; from one to two lotlis, doublo and so on Newspaper postngo to bo 2silver großclicn, or about 7 cents. The Elizabeth Jane at Havana.—lmi’Ortant Corrections. —lt has been stated in soveral of tho New York papers that the barque “ Elizabeth Jane,” at this port from Havnnn, was, while at the latter port, searched from atom to stern, for illicit correspondence, and treated with great indecorum and impropriety. In fact, the acts of tho Cuban officials are dcseribed as “ Another insult to tho American flag.” We have seen her commander, Capt. E. Brooks, a gentleman justly esteemed and every way relia ble, who informs us that the account is altogether erroneous, and that he had nothing to complain of against tho authorities. The letters and papers were as usual demanded by the officers who board ed, and in consequence, it is believod, of misin formation. a light search was made for presumed illicit correspondence in tho cabin. The wlmlo was, however, conducted with civili ty, and the captain having given up a few private letters that ho had in his possession, tho chief Cu ban officer looked at the directions and said “ oh I Captain, we know tho parties, and thoso letters are of no consequence.” Capt. B. thought so very little of tho circumstance, that he did not even mention it to his owners, Messrs. Oh! & Sons, and lie in naturally much surprised to find that in New York such a moun'ain should be made out of no thing.—Philadelphia Inquirer, 19 th. N. B.—The reports of tho Filibusters, in rela tion to tho “outrages” committed upon Ameri can citizens, and the “ insults” offered to the American Flag, in and around Cuba, should be received witti many grains of allowance, about these days.— Ciiuon. <fc Sent. The Cologne Cathedral.— The grand Cathedral at Cologno, Germany, tho foundation stone of which was laid six centuries since, is now fast has tening to its completion. It will he one of the grandest structures in Europe. For about four hundred years prior to 1852, nothing was done with the unfinished structure. Tho name even of its architect had become lost; but his plans and de signs hud been preserved, and these are now being fulfilled by the Prussian government. Tho wholo building is five hundred feet long by one hundred and fifty feet wide, witli projecting transepts of fif sty feet each. In front are twin towers, 606 feet high. It is expected that the building will be comp letcd next year. The Blate and Georgia Railroads. Tiie Editor of the Chattanooga Advertiser, who recently passed over these roads, in a letter to his journal, speaks of them thus; “In passing over the State Bond on Friday, we were very favorably impressed with tho substan tial improvements which a twelvemonth has wrought. New locomotives, new passenger ears, aud, for most of tho distance, new lieavy bar track, have taken the placo of the old order of things. A ride over the State Road, in point of comfort, now compares very favorably with any of our neighboring roads, but the speed might be considerably qmckened without detriment to the passenger’s feelings. This will doubtless bo done so soon as tho relaying of the truck is finished.— At Calhoun a commodious brick depot is nearly completed. At Kingston another one, of hammer dressed stone is going up. At Marietta also a fine depot building is in process of erection, while at Atlanta tho foundation is already laid for a much larger structure than any of those named. At Dal ton and at Chattanooga preparation is making for the same rejuvenating process. These buildings are planned not only with a regard for permanence, but with some referunee to architectural beauty. • “ Besides the above, wo notice that the wort of filling up several of the high bridges is going for ward os rapidly as the circumstances will admit. Tho improvements now going forward on the whole line ot the road arc more nutnorons and im portant than we were apprised of, and certainly convey a favorable opinion of tho business capa city of Mr. Wadley. “ Tho Georgia road is still a mode! road. With a good track, good ears, and good management, it is doing a very successful business, and answering all the purposes to the trading and travelling pub lic, which every railroad should do.” Snow at the East.— Show fell to the depth of six inches at Nashau, New Hampshire, on Friday. A letter from Farmington, N. H., dated the 15th inst., states that the tops of the hills and moun tains in that vicinity are covered with snow. At Portland, Me., there was also a snow storm on Friday. The first snow of the season at Ogdensburgh, N. Y., commenced falling at 9 A. M. and continued until 2 P. M. the same day. The Conoabee Rail Road Biudoe.—The Palmet to State Banner learns from a friend who has visi ted the Bridge, that a largo forco is pressing on the work with rapidity—and that there is every reason to believe, that in ten or twelve days the Engines and Cars will be able to cross the river. Teleobapii Dividend.—The regular quarterly meeting of 'he Magnetic Telegraph Company, from Washington to New York, was held in New York city on Friday, at which a divideud of three per cent, was declared, payable on and after the 20th inst., at the office of the Treasurer in Philadelphia. Bishop Doane.—lt appears from a note address ed to the New York papers by Mr. C. Doane, that the report of his father’s illness at New Brunswick, was exaggerated. The Bishop “was attacked with a nervous prostration to which he has been sub ject since his dangerous illness in 1848,” but “the attention of his most hospitable host, Mr. Carpen ter, and a twelve hours’ sleep have nearly refitted him for work.” The London Times.—ft is stated, as character istic of the careful provision and good management of this journal, that its long memoir of the Duke of Y ellinoton, on the morning after bis decease, had been prepiared six years previously, to be in readiness whenever that event occurred. It is understood to be written by Mr. Dodd, tbe well known compiler of a parliamentary annual, who undertakes the “ obituary” department of the Times. Fibe at Bkidkpobt. —It is reported that Mr. P. T. Barnum’s mansion, “Iranistun,” at Bridgeport, I Conn., took fire on Tuesday afternoon during the festivities attendant upon the marriage of his eldest daughter, and that the roof and other parts of the building were damaged to the amount of a bout one thousand dollars. The report says that “the fire annihilate!- and the now water works put up by Mr. B. alorfo saved the valuable property from total destruction,” Democratic Harmonic*. The harmonies of tho two wings of the Demo cracy are daily becoming more and more interr ing, and as the election day approximates they are acquiring a degree of poiut and raciness whioh the earlier part of the canvass failed to impart. In this latter category the following correspond ence betweon the Chairman of the Executive Com mittee and General Wofford may be appropriate ly assigned. Alluding, to this correspondence tho Athens Banner says: The political department of our papor to-day, contains mutter or absorbing interest to tho peo ple of Goorgia. First in importance comes the correspondence between Mr. Gardner and Gon. Wofford, in relation to the two elootoral tickets for Pierce and King. Tho roador will perceive that Mr. Gardner Ims “ intked up the wrong passenger," in offoring a scat to Gen. Wofford iu tho secession train of cars for tho Presidency, and that ho prefers a seat in the Union train for Pierce and King. His answer is precisely such an ono as the occasion domanded. it is frank, bold, manly and honest, and will win for him shouts of applause from all thoso who pre fer justice und plain dealing to the trickery which would qpsnare our people to their ruin, under pre texts as shallow as thoy aro disgraceful. It isvory appurontfrom tho whole tonorofGeu. Wofford’s reply that ho feels ho ocoupies tho vantage ground, in rejecting tho proffered bribe, and ho plumes himself upon his position. It was evidently a great mistake to suppose that so old a politician as Gen. Wofford could bo entrapped in cuch a snare and with suoli a bait. But to the cor respondence : Augusta, Ga.. Sept. 80th, 1852. Dear Sir: —With a view to harmonize tho con flicting elements in the democratic party of Geor gia, u mooting of democrats took place ut Atlnqja on tho 18th inst., of whose proceedings you uro no doubt oro this fully apprised. Tho action of tho Union Democratic Convention, iu resolving almost unanimously to throw no obstacles in the way of concentrating tho utmost strength of the support ers of Fierce and King upon the Democratic Elec toral ticket, was predicated upon tho coucilitory spirit aud cordial desire for a restoration of har mony between the two wings of tho demooruev, exhibited aud made clearly manifest by the mem bers of tho Democratic Executive Committee in attendance there, ami went very fur towards ac complishing tho work of harmony. Indeed tho good work may be considered as requiring but two or three steps more to nniko it complete. It was intimated in tho lettor of the Executive Commit tee, that should the opportunity bo afforded them by tho creation of vacancies on the electoral tiekot they should bo filled by porsons entirely accopta ble'to our Uuion Democratic brethren. I rejoice that tho opportunity is now afforded tho Commit tee to niako good that ussurunoe, by the with drawal of Col. Thomas M. Foreman, and of his al ternate, for the express purpose of enabling tho Committee to tondor tho position of Elector to a Union Domocrat. Our democratic friends iu tho first district desire the place shall bo tendered to you us a token of their fraternal regard fur tho Union Democracy of the Sixth District, and an ac knowledgement oftheir respect for your long and valuable servioes as a champion of Democratic principles. It is a tribute of good will from the sou-board democracy to the mountain democracy, and if accepted in tho spirit in whioh it is offered, It will fix the seal of a thorough re-union nuiong tiiose who have boon hitherto soparuted by issues now past and gone. lam authorized by tho Ex ecutive Commiltoe to tender you the position, aud to respectfully urge your acceptance. It is tho. wish both of the U nion und Southern Bights dem ocrats of the Fist District, now happily re-uuinted. They will togother give the ticket, with your iiaino on it as one of the Kleotors, a cordial support, if you give them tho opportunity, by accepting tho appointment. Thia tender of the appointment has boen mado without reference to tho Electoral Ticket, put forth by the Minority Koportot'tho Atlanta Convention,, and which wo presume was without your authori ty. Previous to that ovont it was tho desire and intention of the Committee to offer yon the first vacancy which should occur, in pursuance of tho purpose indicated in thoir communication to tho Committee of the Union Domoorucy at Atlanta. A speedy reply to this lottcr is respectfully re quested. I await it iu tho confident, hope that it will bo in acceptance of the appointment, thus adding another proof of your devotion to tho truo interests of tho democratic party. 1 remain, dour sir, Very respectfully yours, Jamks Gardner, Jr. Chairman Dcm. Exeo. Committoo. Gen. VTx. B. Wofford. Hollingswoutu, Oot. 20t.h, 1852. Pear Sir:— l acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 80th ult., in which, as Chair man of what you are pleasod to stylo “tho Demo cratic Exeontivo Committee," you offer mo tho appointment of Elcotor upon your ticket, in the place of Col. Thomas M. Forman und his alternate withdrawn. In respectfully declining, as I do, to accept tho appointment tendered by yon, duty, to mysolf, t» the democratic party, and tho country, requires that I should briefly assign porno of the reasons which have urged mo to this determination. It is obvious from tho whole history of tho con troversy between tho two divisions of tho demo cracy of Georgia, that it owes its existence at this day to an unfounded claim by the wing of the parly to which you belong, to the exclusive control of the eutiro party. Hence, your unsurpation of the party mime and organization at a time when tho two divisions were at issuo upon questions vital to tho peace and safety of the country—lienee your promature nomination, on the 81st day of March last, of an electoral ticket of your own ex clusive choioo, aud taken entirely tVom your wing of the party—henoo your refusal to meet in a be coming spirit the earnest request of tho Union men of Georgia, favorable to tho oleotion of Fierce and King, for a common electoral ticket that should “fairly represent ” us all. Whilst this proposition was an open question, hopes were indulged that so reasonable and just a ground of re-union and co-operation in a com mon cause, would bo the result of tho confcrenca which had been appointed to tako pluco at Atlai'.tu on t lie 18th of Soptomhcr. Tho record of tho proceedings of that mee ting G resents to the world tho representatives vs tlio niou division of tho party in an attitude of en treaty for re-union upon tho principle of mutual concession, which 1 regret to say was not. met by u corresponding sentiment from your wing of tho party, but was rojeclod by its accredited organs undur pretexts ami oxeusos as galling to our feel ings, as thoy were clearly violative of our rights. In order to protcot themselves against this un just und unfraternal course of action, tho Union friends of Piereo und King have been compelled to resort to an electoral ticket of their own, upon which my unnio appears as one of tho oleotors, and although it has been done, bh you correctly sup pose, without my “authority,” it eertainly lias not been done without my approbation. I have ac cepted tiie nomination, and tukeu my position in a contest forced upon me by tho refusal of yonr wing of tiie. partly to co-operate witli mine, upon a basis alike just, fair, and honorable to us all. I oanuot consent to abandon that position under tho petty allurement of having my name put upon tiie ticket of tiie self-styled “ democratic party” of Georgia, now seeking to deprivo its members of their rights of representation and equality in tho section of their ooinmon agents. 1 regard these rights us too precious to freemen ever to bo surrendered to the tyruny of party—and more especially at tho bidding of one wing of a party in u stuto of separation with another. In connection with this point, I cannot refrain from remarking that, whilst the self-styled “deuiooratio executive committee," of whioli you are chairman, have refused to acknowledge tiie principle of tear representation us a right to which Union domocyiito are entitled, they liavo condescended, as t.hoso having authority, to yield it ns n matter of grace in such special instances and to suoli extent as they, in their discretion, may see proper. Hence it is that I am informed of the withdrawal of Col. Forman and his alternate, “for tho express pur pose of enabling the eommitttee to lender the position of elector to a Union democrat.” I ro . celve grace only from my Muker—l demand my rights from my fellow men. But whether your position to accord to Union demoornt* one out of the ten electors bo considered in either light, it falls lar short of' tiie proper stundard for either it is too niggardly for grace—too short ot the full measure of justice for right. It is somewhat rouinrkablo that not a singlo vacancy in your electoral ticket could be brought about lor the purpose of harmonizing the party until a large portion of the Union men had taken a position of solf-defenco under an elootornl ticket of their own. although Judge Johnston and Gen. Haralson hud placed their name# completely in tho power of your committee. Tho world may be left; to judge whether there was really any obstacle presented by their alter nates, us also to decide whether the little pittance of representation, at the lute hour, and when the parties bavejtaken their final position for the con* test, and which has been doled out ostensibly as an act of mere grace to the Union democrats has. been tendered “ without reference to the electoral ticket put forth by the minority report of the At lanlu Convention.” You liuve been pleased, sir, to speak In terms of respect for my “long and vuluuole services ns a champion of democratic principles,” and even to tender meun appointment upon yonr ticket on ac count of those services; for all of which I thank you. But whilst the occasion will not permit me to refine the tribute thus volunteered in my be half, it demands that, instead of appropriating my championship of democratic principles to an or ganization which donies the rights of equal repre -entation to all the members ot a party which it seeks to control, 1 should devote it to tho cause of thoso who have right and justice on their side. I am, very respectfully, vouis, &o. Wx. ft. Wori'OßD, To Jas. Gardner, Jr., Chairman, &c. The Cassville Standard, a zealous organ of the Union wing, comments upon the correspondence in the following strain: “What! do they think mo iucli milky boy To pay my vengeance with a few soft wordsf* We learn from an article in th» Constitutional ist, that the Southern Rights party have tendered to Geu’l. Wm. B. Wolford a place on their electo ral ticket. Wondrous condescension I Unparal leled magnanimity ! Did the self-conceited, arro gant clique who work the wires ot the Southern Rights, or more properly disunion party, suppose that Gen. Wofford or any other Union man of hon or and principle, would accept a place on their ticket at this late dato, and under existing circum stances J Verily they must fancy a place on their ticket is oonivafent to the highest post of honor in the nation] Gen. Wofford very properly declined tho proposition. He could not huve done other wise. Wo regard the proposition, coming at the t ime it does, and made to one of tiie electors of the independent Union ticket, as adding insult to inr jury, and “heaping up wratli against tho day of wrath.” The Union party somo weeks since pro fered the hand of fellowship to ihcso men. It was at a great sacrifice of feeling that this w as done, on account of the ultra tendencies of tho Southern Bights party, so fully developed in their past his tory. Yet, anxious to promote the union of all tho supporter* of Pierce and King, they made the prof fer. The Southern Bights party selfishly and in sultingly refused it. Now that we have a ticket of our own, and a good one, and one that bids fair to carry everything before it, they very graciouely step in and offertho pitiful boon of one elector upon their ticket. Wo forbear to express all wo feel at this new indignity. We call the attention of tho Union party to it. Give it a calm considera tion in connection with tho past history of tins party—the Atlanta meeting and the formation of the iate independent Union ticket. Is itnot shame ful ? Is it not disgraceful ? Is it net insulting t freemen of Georgia! friends of tho Union, goto the polls on Tuosduy week, the 2d of November, and rebako those disunioniets through the ballot box! As necessary to illustrate more fully, the good opinion they entertain of each other and tho cor diality of the greetings of the “Harmonious De mocracy,” we subjoin a few extracts, cullod from the press of tho Union wing. They are particu larly entertaining. From the CaetvUU Standard. Dows with tub Disdniowists.— The intelligence from various sections of the State relative to tho prospects of the Union ticket is most cheering. The friends of tho Union are beginning to owuko from their iothargy. We rejoico to see it, and earnestly urge upon every good Union man to fall into the ranks, and ouoe again beat buck tho Dis uniouists. There is no doubt that tho prominent members and leadora of the Southern Rights party are nearly every one > ecessionists and enemies to tho Government. Will Union men sutler these dißunionists to get into power in Georgiu ? Surely not. We have twice beaten them back, and yet with a tenacity of life unprecedented, and witli the most dogged determination, they again rush to tho onset. Shall we suffer them, aa they, are at tempting to do, to run us off our own platforms, and trample us under foot 1 No sirs—never! Thoy pretend to be in favor of Pierce—they call then*-
