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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 183?-1864 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 11, 1857)
in W. S JONES. ■ ; & 3ENTINEL, ’ “terms? &c TH F. WK K K L Y m Published *v*ry Urdm^day, A*> T VO DOLLARS PER ANNUM w! PAID WITHIN TIIREfe MONTHS, 1 v . R 4 will, t tvof be chargfA ( ULUS or IXDI % * DUALS *t*L?hK? ub Ten •. ftIX covl’ i f tf,K pap*rr will be fctLt for one :T. funi. i. g the p#*p*r a the rata of 2TX COPIES FOa TEN i a ,r<-. v ail *-• > may oa Ktv* aub • ;•>•■.- forward uy tbe Tra dollarj pild *lnctly in adcaace. Nor will parte of a Club bo received. TU mutt THE CHRONICLE A 3LNTINEL OAII.Y AM* TUI-W!;KKbY, V* k ..1 . U .•• •♦!*•*, and mailed to ub I>\lLY PA l*Kti, jd by mail, B*vi a Dollar* . . .. h'ivaisrv, and Eight Dofxaks if pay *o*THB. Tl: I WMALY PAPER Four Dollars, In ad a; . A KivDow-AR* if payment be delayefl Terms of AdvrriM(. 7 t Wkkki.t —v-ventydive cent* per square ffHE 1857! >OI:TIIKRiV Cl l/nvATOK, A UONTIII.Y Jt ICNAL, .j., TKI) { . . r ,-n.r i■* Yhk iMFßovssiraT of ,-U r’ h .r■ >iUurt, H'rk Hr< din£, ji- r tr-i h Nu/ner- IT* Elegant Engraving*. OS DOLLAR A YKAH I\’ ADVANCE. 1, v . ( •; j .:. /> - . o KDMOND, Editors. * Oreenth Volu uft witt commence in J aim ary, 1857. J CM.ru ATOR i > a stuvi octavo of thirty-two page*, j ,;;• mt it y**% r ls4mtatni a • • • ttuup may Ayri . , f ~f tin-- < >nbraelK, in to , i,. . rrr*mt Agricultural topics of the day, , \ J.I AiiLK ORHIINAL CONTRIBUTIONS r , t> , y# .i nn<l pn rtont Pientera, i ; ,| .riu i.lturi-uineycry <*ectionofU*Sontb TERMS: * i I year #OO L, Iv # i►* I •’ 100 “ l “ 75 to and n rj( ., • , v* in tt,. papi-r UeHcnt aniens the money ac .. 1< I Tbo HilU of all l .. , , | n t , ar. AH money romittad Uy mail, ’ | tid, will !>• At Iho •. kof the PnhlUtera Ad verier menu L rti-dat O.NK. DoM.AKj.er - jiiare of twelve lines, , . . \ boixiM U If. H. JON EH, Asfula, On. i . , \ italn Hub* ■ . |tl tl • paper ftt Club rate*. MULES! MULES!! MULES !! T I V AVI.ND 1 . i.i vmrv.co for f mrtecn consecu I J l il-.ngl.t a little revreatlon advLable ~ . .’ a ..,••. of Fair* in Kentucky and •J . . . I • - ttouv.!., the .-ar.y trade. T!h well I , v * ii - | v..t ni>t . J would base bean cangb in 1 . ... i i.'d i r jin ic, w i-U. 1 b > e a.^d, I ... is , y,and leaveu-*, if ntnricWH*,’a .j, 1! ‘ h a- it may, ** Cotton 14 Kttir,” .. aid bui i u, whuli i'fl-'fs at par any Hi u 0.l J . daubeyo 1, you need net ■ ik.. . v. i.n’t pay l.riu# a plenty that th.-y ~... . r. ti with it— s wareailvLeJ. Sjieaklng ... c naturally riu • up my favorite theme, 1 M I.- ,i <<m y n*. ry ac .•mpaniment, and w e of / *l. a.i-i CJe ria can’t well keep huu-o without tli.-rn Hem ,mrfer rly fn ulliar with your want-.. I have I M J, S, A ! • i .rity of wbu li are well broke and none ovi*i ihr* • ysMO'd I cAd tii anybody in a Mule or Mm'.-- ii <;, y g.-nt . limn in live m—leant work forleB, aud rurvi . - ( .y Ii Hi t mod, ronerous constituency will not I . . - u band curly In January, *’ prepared to do r.m r.ght OKU T. ALLMAN, the Maid Millenary. Corner.ville, Twin.,On. in, 1W57. PJMONA HALL NURSERY, ULARKF.sViLLE, oa. fIMIK • Horrihrr offer- for hale a urge collection cd I Yoana FRUIT TREES, cfflMiHtniff of or 1 • tr stock; A i*lL> S boil: Standard nr Dwarf. PM I: ItlES.ou In* Ma/iardor Mshaleb ; I • ill . Mv TAKInES, PLUMS end APKI - ii will b wdl be u.-md nearly every old or new t.i .tyi: .r . proved t• I e valuable a the North or F It'.i -Min! p:n:i tlai >v at tin- South -including tbo I- -u( APPLES ard fEAOHKS, tl . .v, • •• ... .and 1.1 the hunt, w wars, mostot v, hi* h have -u t. Med in I own or. (.aid. i .uni .i in.l jii l CataloKUM together with .1 b# Ml fre# of a ~i . i pi, tuptly nttendi and to, end u he In ardcU by Uailr ni ft m Ailwnstu u> uily any p iut. JOHN K STANFORD. Clar-. viilc, ()., Oct. 10, 1n..? octiM atit NOTICE TO TEACHERS. JHH Mn -me Fraternity at Carroltpu, Ca., having I ntk ii.i.ilt ‘ i Institute in chaise, an* having . P’. .1 the Uuiid UK’ and in .de all neceHAary arrange* . MALE TBaUIBK - k>a ka I • i.Hiidup a J j. - 1 m.l ini i. (ptaliUed t. teach tire (i br; it. I. , We vant at’iorjughUlaasical Sokotor . .ti.h . u. every way calculated lo take ,H a .f ... ii h s, ..ml. One having an Apparatus. > H i t .it. i-.i1.1e Wnlava a commodious IttuDing, well ail:. .- I •:V ted 111 a retired poriiou of the town. The ii.•me.nan \ i mity ••• 1 t uu are •efficiently popu i ing frog) <no undn and Mid tit ,• t itvn hundred Ft ■nieiiti. For further particn* It l> THOM ASSON, W M. J V. MEADOR. S. W . tl? %vtf J. M RFtiW i,NK.,I. W. ~ n~ o yiU^t rpilKii MONT! *s after date application will be Ii . . .. t’ ..v res: ccitvely, by which they e .• .ii -I i -ay in- nl of tlie follow lug described half l 1.. the remaining halves lav mg beem:, ailed at Homo, * . , i u enthi r,.;0, to Lincoluton, Ivorih Uaroliua, “ ..a I*:•! bw .1 Ri'ml.'a, ‘ . r n dby Jas. Camak, O iv’n Kadi or.-1 Laid., I ‘5, signed by J Milligan, i • k s-%;of Oeorgla, Ilianchat Augusts. 1 K Tefft, i) |u, .- j cp‘.*:t wihtil K J JOHNSON. I)Ml NO den • Mgcwtit In-w iff., my FARM, I I ■ • 11. ft c. uutv, Oa . lor t alo Said Farm ts * • i Dirt ‘ • “t. \ akey, -n the aaad toaStog trom R i; •• Iftit.n. . - smlcsfroß) ilie former place, cuwtaiw irg - !....if .M It* . ><J ifared juid in a due state Xdi well watered, with good Peceb, Apple and l’luiu Oi hsi .1 Fail improvements. 1 need not * . anv tl. ato the health of-aid place, as I have not i. *.t.; .!! r, i,iy f.\ ~iv phi . an for mor.- ftlnn 4 years. A . < t apt : ted io biiv witbottt looking, a more <!• ... I ac, ii- cou idercd nnntcc- ary If 1 can at 11 i. til fio tv *• tb • fallrl w Ii! HOU the best bar* K •, t,*. r, l thing 4 considered. Any fortkerin . , n f<i j B CHTM. r NOTaCE. . li, ,M hvt 4IA ,>Eti*i.i..toof John N. A wm.u-.-i. ic .. sm*h ■ *>. * ic*o j ndiu'tim. and those iniebt <l to the estate w . exle I I \rl at ouce and settle. N u’genoe w WM. D (KM ri- y Kxr or WILLIAM W GLARE, Att y. DROP9Y OITRED. •I'ur ’• : -.1 to cure IT- >pny of every I ~ i., h* •! • u acc*wuil iu tlie treat ■ years 110 can be seen j>. , i dvou. uturii ViiM'\ Point, or .tdross? and by l iM'r u that urtloe TLn medicine can bo sent aay v •ItV. I a.i With and ctu>Ea fi t takin# it or i w- .1 a: ten-1 per ••ally, u lotjuofiod. and paid for my i ,vtU boy Negroes afflicted with Dropsy, or *.,> ,-ii, ii, os the oWiK'i way prefer 1 have never \„ euacav. t.>return w .ou *>ured by my remedy. M “ ’ MILKS O BUIK)ME t-uU>aPoint, On., July €, i jyU-wtJal r FOB SALE, ’ i'* t uaU’> -tout'd, being desirous of loavingthe State, 1 - ;• .vatesale. all Ms REAL ESTATE in •’ c vi>: >V ..i i,moil. W AtTeu county, lil, consisting “ Lhv v ng lii U'O. and Lot of about rive acres of i . A•? o.\n ;*'<> Shop and u'L Tools, Machine, . niter, id atl In* stock, together with all his finished in diuv'.i to twenty thonaan4 dollars worth of \ be disposed of, at g hhl prices, at this Pori oils wishing t* - ’ purchase, are respectfully invited p H**-un will be giTcn at any time, to suit the par oh* (VEOttGi: L BOWER. V ‘u ronton Ga . Jnne 5, le 1 je7 wtf FUR SALE, 4 I’li t STATION oonta ning 1500 acres Land, well \ torod . -vH) acres 1 1 eared, and produces the best >. *i* md C< won and ITov. nsof ail kieda A good vw > . \ l)w < ;.:ng, coutaimng seven rooms, with fimr } . * , . and 40 feet Pia*r.a ; Kfccbt n. Smoke House. are ou the premises, with a Well of good water ; a mi* range for U >*rs and Cat: fish and Oysters eonreolmt m abeu lance. A wore hoalthy. pleasant location ti i.v i*'be t. ‘.t iu Southern Georgia. Further par • iculai s ao be obtained by application to ihe suh*crbr at Sa vac- ah V WOOLLEY. COLEMAN HOUSE BY LANlffc & EADY EHOXYILLK, TSPtlf. rIIUR m.lor • •tt.Awng taken charge of this large L aui c. iui. i- Uo.ise, reeptn tfttliy eolicit and hope to merit a liberal share el pa; rouge. The house is f iud m J, m style, with a view to convenience stvl v •. • It L? * nated in the heart s'l th**. y. coevenieut to all tht business, and on the p;iuc*pai and. A* ocaitui is always in rsadinees i t oaAhe asri v&: and di of the car* The Stage for Mcnivale Springs arrives and depart* daily. The ta;'wiUbe iedw:h the be*t the market • J ri- and no pjun* w ..l be spared to render guests . rtable SAMPSON LANIER, Jnlv “ w.Vt f Ifg-if t JOHN KADY . • tVM B FRANCISCO. BEARDEN A FRANCISCO, i>UODl'l'L AND MERCHANTB, V >n.Ga. w.UsellonOetumissioir Bacon. Lard, k h>or c ru, Uau, Feathers, and Tennessee INroduce > shipping to its ran rfelv upon prompt returns. M ot and Cttizcc > . f Knoxville : fi( rgaa dr Cos., J Ld card*. Jaw > C Litu T. Comptrollrr. Nashviße ; H a.dP CawvbriL Hen Chan der A Cos., J A M. J J He‘v'iciai4i K.a n ’ Morchanu of but Tenuesae geaenßy. ” WANTED 4 n fS ‘T?’ ‘•'..“‘V*"** * *■. , 1 ‘ T\ ijk A man wla fauu.v prtierrea s- ne need apply unless of giod moral < haracter auda competent Weaver KpS-w4t A. P ALLGOOD. Agsul N AILS -i • .Lnvvas: 1 .lu-ea I<!ne Bt'^K'ST. 1 * * For ulo low by KOLB * FBISUT. .P3 ‘ >r> KS SObil;,’ Hoos bvWl> lor ; 0 m roc .crd. r cby R A PJL^ J “ f 1 } taw bcU, vwv Ht.vy Oiumy CLOTHj PotMlylowby DASIEI. H. WIIyCOX. > Ktt \ ~l m;i:k— jKuln OiJioilit, for Pm iJAWSOX SKINNER I"', AN lit. KM—iw boxy. Hydrsulw CANOLES \j iw “ Adamenuce ** For low by muß HAND, WILLIAMfe* ORAVES. No- -V VTarroo BIooK. , ‘>i 111 I OILS Ko r r., UU bObaiu BoliOlNG For Ml* by Ifta.iJ DAWBOK A BKIKKU C|nmick WIVRKNOH’rt MKSSAIiE. Execctiv* Depabtmest, f MILLCOGKVII.U, OtOBOIt, / November Oth, 1857. ) Fel’otc-CUlzeni of the Senate and House of Representatives: I feel that it i* uot a mere matter of form, that 1 am required by the Constitution to address to you tb.> communication. Charged, as I have been, for the laM fou r years, with the adminUtration of the .Vfe Government and the execution of ita lawe, ex per.-nee hae taught me the grave reeponaibility of ti.e Executive office. Familiar, aa I have learned to he with the condition, the reeourcee, the wanta an.l proapecta of the Slate, I truet, l have some ap preciafi-.u of the dufiee of the Legislature and of ti e momentoua conaequencea that Lang upon your deiiberationa. You bold in your handa the tnte r. t ■ and weal of a great State; great, in the events which l ave signalized her past progress : great, in her e entente of wealth and power , great, in the growing civilization which her intelligence and and enterprise have achieved, and greater m; ! in the proud destiny that awaits her, if we prove true to ourselve, and the mission committed to us. Inspired with the spirit of patriotiam, may wisdom guide your deliberations, and the accom plishment of “ the greatest good to the greatest number,” crown all your actions. You have but little to do with the past, save to .orutinize the conduct of your public servants, and hold then, to a strict account for their stewardship. I■ is your delicate task to look to the future, and provide for the wants and circumstanc* which it may develope. It is my province to aid yon, by sm h reflections and etjgg stions as my favorable p< Mrion forobservation,may enable me to com- mend to your consideration. These, vice naturally arranges itaelf into two gene ral dnisii. ns. You must have correct information of the real condition of the Commonwealth ; you ought to have proper conceptions of its wants. To the best of my humble ability, I wi’l address myself to these two objects, vs succinctly as possible. 1 hei swilh traosmit the Report ot the Finance Comn.ii tee. appointed by the Executive, under le gal authority, from which you will learn the finan cial operations of the Government, for the year J B.VI, together with the condition, at the time of their in vestigation, of the •■ Treasury,” the “Penitentia ry,” the “ Western and Atlantic Railroad,” the ” Lunatic Asylum,” the “ Asylum for the Deefand Dumb,” and the “ #'■ Academy for the Blind.” I also ’..ansmUthe ... ... Measurer for the financial years 185 b anu 1c57, from which it ap pears that the available balance, on the 20thultimo, was 153,717.68. All the liabilities of the State have been promptly met At the close of the last fiscal year, the public debt was $2,H32,722 22. The Bonds issued under the act of December, 1845, to extend the Western and Atlantic Railroad, (in amount 9125,500.00,) have all been redeemed—sloo,ooo.oo, sinoe the last session of the General Assembly—by funds remitted to the Treasury, by the Road, under the sth section of the act of 12th January, 1852 I uggi.at the importance of re-instating the sinking fund of $75,000, as provided for by the act of Febru ary Utb, 1851, to beset apart annually for the re duction of the public debt. By reference to the Report of the Comptroller General, herewith transmitted, you will find seve ral amendments recommended to be made to the Tax Laws, to which, without again enumerating them, I invite your special attention. Many of them are s tggessed by exjierience, and are necessary for the collection of ail the revenue under existing law ; ot -vs by tl.e principles of justice, applicable to the subjects to which they rolate. Appended to the Report of this officer, in conformity to Executive instruction, you will find schedules of all the Taxa bl>. properly, as returned by the several Receivers oi Returns lor the present year. These tables are very interesting aud important. showing the pros perity and increasing wealth of the Stale, and luriusi ing a safe guide to the General Assembly, in Iheit Hlorts to equalize the burden of Taxation upon her citizens. You wih discover the great dis partly, in value, which is affixed to the several pecies of properly, tu the several counties, by tbe ‘1 ax payers. Some rate their negroes at slob less t liau others, aud their lauds, lying adjacent, and in ll . same counties, at a far lower figure than their i-.gbbora. it would be well to enquire into tbe ex peoieucy of fixing by law, at each session of the Legislature, tbe average value of slaves, for the eti.-uiug year, with the view of uniformity in the tribute which slave owners are required to pay to -upport the goverument It is well known that Ini ge bodies of lauds are owned in South-Westeru nml Cherokee Georgia, by individuals who have granted them, fur a nominal sum, under our revert ing laws. In making their returns to tbe Receivers, in many instances, they value them at only, or a li'le more than, the cost of the Grant Fees. whereas those same persons would uot sell their lauds thus held, for ten, twenty or fifty times that sum. It would be proper, if practicable, to pass some law, by which such lauds should be assessed according to their teal value, ludeed, from an examination of the tables under consideration, it is obvious, that many pel sous have returned the whole of their lands mid negroes at valuations notoriously too low, uompured with the prices for which such property readily sells al public sales. I submit, whether it would in.t be proper and just, in all such cases, to make provision tor assessors to be appointed, at the instance of the (receivers, to appraise property, when tl.ua returned at au estimate, known to be less ll.au tbe average market price of such property. ‘1 oat taxes should be equal, aud every citizen bear bis proper aud just proportion of the burden of government, is of vast importance. I throw out these sugg. .-lions, with the view ot eliciting such action as wIU secure that object. I u the mi.lstot prosperity and remunerating prices for the products of Agriculture, our Banks have generally suspended specie payments, resulting in panic, broken confidence, an. general stagnation in o-maierce. As the session of the General Assem bly was so near at baud, aud tbe suspension seemed to be nose Mary, as a measure of self defence against ti e heavy drafts upon their coin, to supply the de mand tor specie at the North, I thought it prudent to withhold any actiou against them, ae required by law, uuttl the Legislature, in its wisdom, should have HU opportunity of deliberating upon the mat lev, and directing what course ouglit to be pursued towards them. 7 thumfore submit this whole sub ject to your coueideratiou ; sod to enable you to a,-, advisedly, I, herewith, transmit to you copies of the laic returns of the various Banks of Georgia, exhibiting their condition, made in pursuance of Executive proclamation. It is gratifying that these statements aflord evideucp of their solvency. Will you legalize their suspension and fix a day, in the tu■ .ire, wncu they stiall resume specie payments 1 Asa g-neral rule, it is safest to meddle as little as possible with tbe currency of the country The laws of trade regulate it best Hence, in view of the crisis that is upon us, complicated, as it is, with the inieiesls of Agiundlure auu the price of its pro- IUV irwirrwi ui .miuimtuii; wiu sue jmiw j.. dui lions, it would seem to be wise to tolerate the suspousum, in reference to all those institutions, which, upon ciamiuation, shall prove to be sound and solvent, lt is not only legitimate, but the duty „( i!„, Legislature, to investigate thoroughly the condition of the Banks , k. institute a diligent en quiry into Until mode of transacting business, and, by the use of all the powers—even to sending f r jersous and papers—which maybe necessary, to ascertain whetlwr they have confined tbeir opera t ions strictly withiu tbeir -appropriate spheres, or wuether they have embarked in speculations, by placing their fuuds fir New York, to shave South ern paper, at a heavy discount, or in any ot-.er man uer, departed from ihe objects contemplated .by tbsir Charteis. lt is due to the countty, that a full ■ (position be made it s ‘he only manner in which the public oan be p and. !. ‘."'h abuses shall be detected, let the L rare in granting tlisim tolerance in tlieii piisent pred.camont, put them upou terms which wn! prsvent their recurrence for Ibe future. 1 submit tbo .inuu&l Repoi-te of the Superintend ent of the Western and Atlantic Railroad for the years ISoti and 1807. They exhibit this great State ork to be in a proeperoue condition, and just upon the eve of realizing the expectations iu which it originated. They leave me but little to add, to en able you to understand its operations and judge of tin fidelity ot its management. Its gross earnings from the ilhth September, 1853, to the 30th of Sep tember, 1857, which covers the four years of ray ad ministration, have been $3,052,260 82. The work ing expenses of the Road, for the same period, have been $1,323,411 51, and ihe net earnings |l,- 122,81!? 31. How has this large amount of net profits been disposed of ! Has it been squandered or applied to necessary expenditures? these are questions which should be answered to the satisfac tion'of the people, and when thus answered, the senseless clamor which is raised against the man agement of the Road, for mere decency's sake, ought to.cease. Then see bow the account stands : Net earnings for four years $1,722,849.31 Net eamiups were disposed of as fol lows, to-wit, for 1851 : Raid State Treasurer $50,000 00 ’ Interest on 80nd5.... 11,906 90 sot new Locomotives. 24,211.65 “ “ Care 68,580.57 “ Buildings...... 102,727.73 *• “ Construction, New Track, and Iron aud Right of Way 80,696 21 For 1855. I'sid State Treasurer 100,000.00 Interest on Bonds 15,536 30 “ for new Locomotives.. 20,053 50 •• •• Cars 44.14181 Depot Build’gs 13,290.09 ” ‘ Construction. Right ot Way, iron, and New Track For 1856. Raid State Treasurer 43,500.00 “ Interest on Bonds 9,145.00 ” for new Locomotives.. 92,183.48 “ • Care 112.082 05 Depot Buildings 42,988 90 ” ‘’ Construction, Iron Rails, and new track.. 122,880.04 ” For expeusees iocurred previous to Jan. 1854, Tennessee claims 67,981.21 For 1857. Paid State Treasmer 100.000.00 “ lutarest on Bonds 7,265 65 for new Kuginee 107,752.72 “ “ Cars. 97,85216 • *• Depot Buildings 52,062.96 •• “ Coustniction, Iron Eads, new Track 100,047.91 $1,722,849 31 Whether these expenditures were proper, is left for tsir miaded men to determine. They, at least, seem suited to the enterprise, and cannot be con sidered unreasonable, when it is recollected that the read is not even yet completed and thoroughly equipped for the annually increasing business it is compelled to acoooimodaie. At ail events, it will scarcely be asserted by any. having a due regard to veracity, that the money has been either stolen or wasted. But these heavy expenditures wdl not be required here alter. The time has aims for the pa t enoeaf the friends ol the road to have its reward. 1 fuity concur with the Superintendent that hecoe torihi under proper management, it will pay into the State Treasury $350.006 annually. It may be suggested, however, that the misman age meat w not m the applioarien of the net earnings, bat in the expenses of maintaining and working the road. Let ns see bow the State road compares in this respect, with other roads in the State—what proportion the current expenses bear t* the gross earnings. Tbs gross earnings of the Georgia rail road, tor the last four years, were $4,0i6,340 14 , the current expenses for working and maintaining H, for the same period, were $1848.617 U 2, or aboat 45 pet cent. The gross earnings of the Macon and Wsstara road, tor the sou- jtars. from December, 1852 to December, 1856, were $1,299,445 00. ana aewvvatl/rt, two, Write f Ww, aiiu the working expenses for the same period, $469,346 J*- w °*'t per cent. The groes earnings of the Central rsdroad, uol.tiding tae line fount Gordon to Eatoatou, from December Ist. 1853, to December Ist, 1856, and the lin from MiHen to Augnsta, to the Ist of Jenna, t. 1856, wen $4,697.26968; and current expo.wee for the setae period, were 043 h,w 4ir per cent. These areconf, t, v r bee', managed company roads iu Georgia. Bitt the W eeteru and Atlantic railroad comparsa fkvormbty with them, in refwence tothe point under oonsidera- ti. n !ts gross earmegs, for the last fowr ve&n.me s3.t 52,200 82. snd its working expenses, lot the same period. $1,329,411 51, or a little less than 43 j per cent. It would seem that the country might ef fort! to be satisfied, if the State road be managed as cheaply as those of private oompaciee. Certain re, uie fact is wonhy of consideration, when its ad. uixustration is branded wit., corruption and mis management. The Atlantic and flalffiai'road Company, char tered bv the last leg!.aurerVs been duly organic* ed Tbs board of ,vmu.ssicaeit lealgnated is the charter, met in us 31st of Marsh. 1856, aud made tbe Decessary arrangements for open ing books of subscription ter stock at Muledgevihe, and sundry other points in the Btate. On the 22d day of October, 1800, six of the commissioners sub mitted to me a list of subscribers, showing subscrip tions to the amount of six hundred thousand doliais, and the amount subscribed by each, attested by their affidavit, that the subscribers so reported will be fully able to pay pay up the sums subscribed by them, and that the subscriptions were bona fide Whereupon, on the 2f.th of October, 1856, by virtue of the seeood section of the act of incorporation, I subscribed for stock to the extent of $500,000 in the name of the State of Georgia, end caused the sub scription list to be deposited in toe office of the Comptroller General. On the same dav, tbe sum of one million one hundred thousand dollars beiog subscribed, I issued an order, as directed by the third section of the act of incorporation, for an elec tion of nine directors, to be held in Uiliedgeville on the 4tb day o; December, 1856, under the superin tendence of the commissioners. They met accord ingly, and elected Jas. P. Scriven, Wm. B. Hodg son, J. Stoddard, Hiram Roberts, W. H. Long, Chas. J. Munnerlyn, J. R Stapler, A. T. Mclntyre, and E. R. Young, as a boa a of director®, who elected Jas. P. Scriven their President. To enable the Legislature to understand cloarly tbe condition of this important enterprise, in which the State has liberally embarked, by subscribing for one million of its stock, I herewith transmit a communication from James P. Scriven its President with tbe accompanying documents to which he re fers. The fifth section of the act of inanimni iilinn provides that “no payment shall be made the 8 ate until the Savannah, Albany and Gulf Rail Road Company, and the ‘Brunswick and Florida Rail Road Company’ shail have relinquished any right which either of said Companies have or ciifaq to interfere with the location of said Road, on ac count of any privileges granted in the charter of either of them.’ - ’ Such relinquishments have not been executed and therefore the enterprise cannot move forward. The documents referred to contain the fruitless negotiations, between the parties in in terest, touching the reiinquisnment required; and by car ful examination, you will be enabled to de termine who, if any one, is to blame for tbeir failure. The intention of Georgia is declared in the Char ter to be “to provide a main truck across her territory, connecting tbs Atlantic with the Gulf of Mexico.” The object Is worthy of a great State and so impor tant to her southern section, that I trust it may Dot be defeated, and that, in your wisdom, you will take such further action, in the premises, as will secure its accomplishment. On the subject of State aid to works of Internal improvement, I have nothing to add to what I said in ray last biennial message. In few words, my view of sound and sale policy, confirmed by rna.ure reflection, is this : Georgia occur,ies the gap be tween the southern spur of the Alleghany mountains and the Atlantic. At an immense cost, she has constructed the Western and Atlantic Rai 1 Road, which taps the great west, at Chattanooga, affords transportation for its products to the sea braid, and feeds the various roads which connect with its south ern terminus, at Atlanta. In chartering new Rail Roads, the Legislature should never lose at- Lt of the policy of protecting her State Road fro n iuin ous competition ; she should be ca-eful, not t - crip ple the efficiency of company roads, which lave been built by private capital; she should pi -rrve the symmetry of our system of Internal Iran (Ye menis, so that, in its further developemen aud growth to maturity, it shall, as a primary obi ret. promote her own wealth and the prosperity ol her towns and seaports. Augusta, Savannah and Bi uns wick, are the three points of commerce, at w ,eh the productions of our agriculture, must find thiir market and their door of exit to the marts ot ihe world. The perfection of our Internal Improvi meut system, os well as the interests of agricuituie requires that each ol these commercial points shall be connected, as directly as possible, with each sec lion of the Btate, so that all our people may enjoy a choice of markets for the sale of their produce. The Btate may aid in the construction of hues ot road projected, in reference to suoh connections, upon guaranties of security, that prevent the possi bility of ultimate loss. Beyond this, she ought net to go. As to the mode in which she should extend her aid, I prefer the loan of her credit, for a given amount, per mile, to a subscription for Btock. By the termer method, she can secure herself by statu tory lien upon the road and its appurtenances; whereas, by the latter she must rely upon the suc cess aud profits of the enterprise. In chartering the Atlantic and Gulf road, the last legislature seem ed to favor the policy of taking stock, in aid of the work. I sanctioned the bill, not that I approved of that feature, but because it fell so clearly within the principle of the policy in reference to State aid, wbioh I advocate and the road itself is of such im mediate and paramount necessity to the southern portion of Georgia, that I deemed it better to yield my scruples on that score than to defeat the noble enterprise. I refer you to the report of the principal keeper for information as to the condit ion of the Peniten tiary. Since the first of January last, the cash sys tem has been rigidly enforced, with results that ful ly justify it.. I renew the recommendation to en large and repair thoroughly the buildings, or remove tiie institution to some other point, at which mate rial can be purchased cheaper and the convicts worked more profitably. In its present condition, it is disreputable to the State, uusafe and insecure as a place of imprisonment, and utterly incapable of being made to answer the purpose for which it was designed. I submit the biennial report of the trustees, su perintendent and resident physician of the lunatic asylum. That institution is among the most impor tant enterprises in which the Slatebas ever embark ed ; an honor to her philanthropy and liberality.— The energy, zeal and adaptenness of the resident physician to the duties of his post, entitle him to tbe warmest commendation and confidence. As an act of mere justice his salary should be increased. The extension of the building is progressing rapid ly to completion. 1 transmit tire report ot the build ing commissioners, showing their disbursements of the appropriation made by the last legislature.— Upon examination you will find that the amount wul not be sufficient to pay the contractors. The deficit will be SII,OOO. I recommend an immediate appropriation of that sum, in order to prevent de lay, loss to the contractors, aud serious detriment to the interest of the State. This amount will complete the edifice-, but addi tional appropriations will be necessary to fit it up for the use intended. It is constructed upon tbe most approved plan, with all the fixtures and appa ratus which experience has demonstrated to be best adapted to the accommodation of such in mates, and in tbe end, most economical. The heat ing, ventilating and cooking apparatus, and wash house, will require $23,500. The engine bouse, chim ney, well, airuucts, &0., will require $13,000. These fixtures are absolutely indispensable. The gas works, oomplete. for lighting the build ing will require $4,600 00. To alter, improve, oov er and plaster with mastio the old, to correspond with the new building, will require $7,5< 0 00. The aggregate of these appropriations will be but $48,- 600 00 The report ot the building commissioners will exhibit more fully these items and the reasons for iheir necessity. 1 cannot doubt bat the means will be promptly supplied. Tbe legislature has uever disbursed rnouey from the treasury which re flects so much credit upon the State. It awakens the pride of every liberal minded Georgian, and what is better still, it gives a retreat of comfort to the poor victims of affliction who, by a mysterious Providence, have been deprived of rea.-'O", and af fords a hope of their restoration to their families aud to society. In this connection, it is submitted, that a reason able amount should be appropriated for the com pensation of the building commissioners. They have been engaged three years in this service, their du ties have been responsible, and they have perform ed them faithfully aud economically. The claims of the Aoademy for the Blind, and of tbe Georgia Asylum for the’ Deaf aud Dumb, will be laid before you by their respective reports, here with submitted. I cordially commend these bene volent institutions to your fostering care. Uuderthe direction of tbe last General Assembly, providing for the survey of tbe Okefenokee Swamp,, aud for other purposes, I appointed Richard L. Hunter, civil engineer, to perform the service re quired by that act. The undertaking was arduous aud hazardous, and has required bis oontinued labor from tbe 3d of December, 1856, to tbe present time. Four months of the time were spent in the work of actual survey. The expenses of the survey, inclu ding cost of the scientific analysis of specimens of soil, were $2,780 51, and paid out of the contingent fuud . and he has received from the same fund, in pert payment for his services, the sum of $479 49. I herewith transmit the report of the civil Engineer, and, looking to the hazard, the labor, the time con sumed. and the scientific skill required, I express the opinion, that be should receive the additional sum of $3,500. as compensation for his services. The last General Assembly appropriated $7,500 for repairing the State House, and $5,000 for repair ing the Mansion. Finding these sums wholly inadequate for the purpose designed, aud that it would be almost lost to the State, without the use of a larger sum, I did not hesitate to draw upon the contingent fund for the deficit. By so doing, the repairs, as far as they go, are substantial, and the public buildings are in fair condition. Tae aggregate sum appropriated was $12,500; the amount expended is $15,394 81. The vouchers for the various sums paid out are filed in the Executive office, subject to your inspection. It should be ob served, that a part of this expenditure is not proper ly chargable to repairs. Iu November, 1855, the ■tables, carriage house, bathing room and poultry house attached to the mansion yard, were con sumed by fire. These had to be replaced by new buildings, so that not more than $o,0(N) have been expended, iu repairs proper, to the Executive dwelling. No appropriation will be required to pay to the excess of cost of repairs over and above the appro priation. Considerable new furniture for the man sion, the legislative hails, and thescveral Executive Departments, was indispensable. This I have pur chased and you should make an appropriation to pay the bills, ( have had the public square graded and enclosed with a substantial new fence. But the cost to the State is insignificant. The Penitentiary be ing overcrowded with convicts, who could not be profitably employed within iu walls, this portion of the work has been performed by them. I trust it will meet the sanction of the legislature. The condition of the public buildings is now suoh, that an annual appropriation of $250, together with such work, as can be conveniently done Dy the oonvicts, under the direction of the Governor, will preserve them, in good keeping, for an indefinite period. I recommend such an appropriation. I renew the recommendation to remove the Arse nal, and upon proper compensation to the respec tive denominations, the removal also of the Churches from the public square These structures are real eyesores, and will always be an obstacle to its per manent and tasteful ornament Yoa will learn by painful experience that the fLe gitlative Hails are too small for the comfortable ac commodation of the Legislature. I renew the re commen ‘ation to enlarge the State House, accord ing tothe plan submitted by Messrs. Bholl and Fay, to the last General Assembly. I recommend the repeal of the act of March 4th, 1856. which requires the State Printer to report ar and to furnish daily, to each Senator and Repre--nta.i vo a report of the proceedings of the Genera Assem bly That officer has mitoe no preparation to exe cute tbia service. He is entitled to a vote of thanks for it. It wid. oust the State not leas than $60,000; an amount far beyond any benefit that may accrue to the public interest The State Library is gradually increasing in the number and value of its coiieouona, under the an nual appropriations wisely set apart for that pur pose I herewith transmit a catalogue of the books it contains, and respectfully recommend an increase of the salary ol the Librarian. The last General Assembly, by an Act approved March 3d, 1856, authorized the Governor ‘ to em ftey a eompeient b'urreyor. and hnvt surveyed and sold, a rat'd at qur* of land is Ikt rag of Coium fou, as tke proverinof Me Su u.” James H Ham ilton. Esq.. was duly appointed to perform thri ser vice ; but being etfioined by the Mayor and Coun cil, claiming it as the property of the city, I direct ed him to s i*ru a continuance of the cause, until the meeting ot the Legislature, in order, that the title might bs invescgaiii and, if possible, save the expense of further ufigaUon. I therefore invite your sttentkm to this enbiecL It t . -''dned, that tbe Great Seal o 4 Ore State ha. been -‘sited and that of 1 lands iu Georgia, are extant, authenticate*-by such am. This, together with the foot, that the Seal is Stamped upon war and attached by topqjagyants and other a-xurnenti- requiring such is cumbersome and inconvenient and iumOr ted, suggests the propriety of dispcnaiiiv with the wax ball andso altering it that the impress** may be made on the paper. I can special to the condition of the Namenoai land Books, in the Executive Depart mein. They are valuable to the feat* and ind-s peusable for the investigation of tittsw Bat the; are in a Mate of ruinous mutiiat binding broken and rnanj pages euur*!jJ^Kji^r>l AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 14, 1857. that they are incapable of being repaired. Several of them have been copied in elegant style, and when the work shall have been fully cempleted and compared, under tbe superintendence of the Gover nor, I would recommend that he be authorised to allow each compensation for them as he may con sider adequate. I would respectfully, but earnestly impress upon the Legislature the justice of increasing the salaries of Judicial and Executive officers Thev werefix ed at a time of'low prices. Now the eipensee ot living are, at least fifty per cent greater than they were then. The labors of these functionaries are onerous They occupy (heir whole time, and for their . ffieiei t performance, require experience and cultivated mind. Is it right, that their compensa tor should afford but a meagre subsistence for their families ? I hope I shall be pardoned for referring speci-Uy to the Governor's salary. I cao speak of it from experience, and being about to-etire, with out the imputation of eelfihness. I know that with the utmost economy compatible with t derable gen tdity, he cannot spend less than $5,000 00 annually. Looking to the Judges’ salaries; what a pittance is left, after defraying their travelling expenses? No wonder our public men, allured by the attractions of Federal offices, turn away from those of the State. Is ifiia just ? Is it sound policy ? Is it reputable to the char acter of Georgia, with a taxable wealth of six hundred miliii ns 1 Refleet upon the expenses of the Clerkships of the two Houses of the Legisla ture. They swell to the enormus sum of $35,000.00: equal to two-thirds of your appropriations for the ‘‘ Civil Establishment.” A suitable and much need ed retrenchment, in this single item, would enable Lvou to pay adequate salaries to your Judicial and ■Executive officers. I submit these suggestions to I your enlightened sense of justice. In my last biennial message, I called the attention of the General Assembly to a proposition from the Governor of Florida, to suspend the suit in the Supreme Court of the United States, in rela tion to the bouudary iine between that State and this, with the view of endeavoring to settle the controversy by negotiation, and asked them “to adopt such measui es as would enable the negotia tion to be eutsred upon.” But the Legislature adjourned without taking any action on the sub ject. I therefore felt it my duty, knowing the friendly disposition of Georgia towards Florida, to open a correspondence with the Governor of the latter Stale, which resulted in a proposition by Governor Broome, “to adopt the terminal points of the present recognised line as the tr ie terminal points of the boundary line, to be re-surveyed, corrected and marked, provided it is shown by either party that the present line i6 incorrect.” I accepted the proposition in the following words : “ Os course my acceptance of your proposition can have no force until ratified by the Legislature of Georgia. So far, however, as I aip authorised, I accept it But I have no power to appoint a Bur veyor, Dor appropriation to defray the expense of re-survey. But the Legislature of Georgia will convene on the first of November, and I will sub mit the whole subject, with our correspondence, and cheerfully recommend them to take such action, ae will enable mv successor to bring the mutter to a final termination. 1 entertain no doubt but the Legislature wiil promptly do so.” It is proper to observe that the Governor of Florida although content with its termiual points, is of the opinion that the present recoguised line is imperfectly sur veyed and marked and crooked. All that his pro position contemplates, besides agreeing to the ter minal points, is that, that line shall be re-surveyed and re-marked, provided it shall be shown by either party that it is imperfect. If true, it is the interest of both States, that the lide should be correctly run and well defined ; and as Georgia is acting entirely on tbe defensive, not wishing to enlarge her territo ry at the expense of Florida, I promptly accepted the proposed basis of settlement and respectfully submit the same for your favorable consideration. It is but justice to say, that throughout the entire correspondence, the Governor of Florida exhibited the most amicable spirit and the utmost respect for the feelings and rights of this Sts£e, ml ot which was most cordially reciprocated on my part. Without entering into any argument, 1 renew the recommendation, for a Geological survey of the State, so imperatively demanded by its vast unde veloped agricultural aud mineral resources. The expense of such a work is obsoluteiy insignificant, compared with its beneficial results. Will the Leg - islature continue to refuse encouragement for the improvement of the soil ! Shall we never see tha day, wheu science shall direct the enterprise of the husbandman, and explore the treasures of our moun tains. The necessity of revising and amending tiie Militia laws, so as to render them efficient, for the purpose designed, has so often been presented to the General Assembly, without eliciting favorable action, that I feel as if I am obtruding upon your consideration an unwelcome theme, by renewing the subject. But such, in tiie judgment of the Exe cutive, is tie magnitude and importance of the ob ject, that I venture agaiu to invite special attention to it. The military power is tbe right arm of the government. We depeud upon it, to enforce the civil lawß of the land, if resisted by numbers suffi cient to require its interposition, to crush insurrec tion and repel invasion. A standing army is repug nant to the character of our government, and therefore a citizen soldiery is our only reliance, for all the emergencies, which may call for the employ ment of military foroe. Are our liberties worth preserving 7 Are our civil rights and institutions, sufficiently valuable to be maintained and defend ed ? Ours being the only government, on earth, that recognises tbe equality and soverignty of the People, it is despised by despots, who watch with hopeful anxiety, the opportunity for successful as sault, and with evident, gratification, every symp tom of fatal civil discord. Can it be expected then, that we are to enjoy a perpetual reign of peace and that our career to grea’ness aud renown will be un impeded by the shock and calamities of war ? Our territory stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific, aud from Lake Superior to the G ulf of Mexico. Our population is increasing with unexampled rapidity, our ink rests are diversified and conflicting, the social institutions of the South differ from those of the North and they are relentlessly assailed by the Abo litionists. whose policy, if triumphant will drive us from the Union, or to the more terrible degradation of submission to their aggressions. Shall we lie supinely upon our backs and “hug the delusive phanton” ot peace and fraternity ? Shall we make no preparation, for self-defence and self-preservation, when every year brings nearer to our doors the assassiu and incendiary ? I am sufficiently hopeful of the future. I would not sketch exaggerated pictures of our prospect. I would not too readily anticipate the horrors of the storm and the tempest. But if history be true, the past leads us to expeot difficulties and tbe voice of patriotism and wisdom admonishes us to prepare for them. Eveu now our political horizon is draped in clouds and the deep mutterings of discontent are heard, from one ex treme to the other of the Union. Sooner than we Buppose, we may be forced to de fend our rights aud honor by the courage of our people and the strength of our arms. Are we ready ? On the contrary, we have almost no organised military force. Oar militia laws are disregarded. Scarcely a district in the State is properly officered. Our people are unarmed and untaught in the art of war. The effective military strength of the State is not and cannot be asc stained, under exisfinglaws. I respectfully submit to the Legislature, whether this State of things ought to be permitted longer to exist! Is it compatible with the honor aud dignity of the State ? Is it uot fearfully hazardous to our safety within and from without? Is i not, in truth, an invitation for aggression ? What is the remedy ? We must have a thorough militia organization, with such regulations, a? will render the system capable of enforcement, We must have a sufficient number of men trained in military tactics to officer the forces of the State. The Georgia Mil.tary Institute (whose report is herewith submitted,) is rapidly supplying this desideratum, and therefore, it should be fostered by the Legislature with the utmost liberality. We ought to have a well orgauized and drilled volunteer corps in every county in the State ; and therefore the for nation of companies should be encouraged. This may be effectually done, by exempting from military duty, except in time of war, invasion or insurrection, all between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, who may have served, for seven years continuously, in any com pany. The military spirit should be fostered. This may t e dono by raising and setting a parts fund to defray the expenses of an auuual military encamp ment’ at such time and place as the Commander-iu- Chief may order. Such convocation will give uni formity in drill, secure the enforcement of discipline, cultivate fraternal leeliug among th • corps and in some degree, inure them to the usages aud hard ships of the field. Such a fund as may be requit ed for the purpose can be raised, by substituting a small commutation tax, in lieu of actual military duty, in time of peace, at the option of the citizen. Our people, liable to perform military, service, ought to be furnished with arms. It is vain to rely upon the pittance dolled out, by the General Govern ment, under the act of Googress, for arm ng the Militia of the United States. The supply from this source, is inadequate to furnish even the few voiun - teer companies scattered over the State. Hence, the Legislature should either make an annual ap propriation for this purpose or establish an Armory, for the manufacture of arms. The latter, it is be lieved, will prove the more efficient ad in the end, the more economical. I earnestly invoke your favorable consideration of this important branch of the public service. It is needless to adduoe argument, to convince intelligent men of the educational wants of Georgia. It is demonstrated by the fact, that there are mauy thousand adults, in our midst, who can neither read nor write, and as many poor children, who must be forever debarred the blessings of education, in con sequence of the poverty of their parents ; by the great deficiency of teachers to supply the demand in almost every section of the State ; by the charac ter of our po itical institutions, which are based up on the assumed capacity of the people for sell-gov ernment ; by the fact, that too many of our children are sent to distant States for education, where they are liable to imbibe doctrines hostile to our peculiar social organization, and are surrounded by lnduen ces calculated to impart an anti-Southern tone to their sentiments and feelings; by the crime that bur dentf our criminal dockets, and levies its thousands of tribute upon the earnings of honest industry, to support paupers and prisons : by the violence and corruption that desecrate the ballot-box, at all our popular elections; by the exhaustion of the soil, un der a system of Agriculture that glories in exclud ing the application of scientific principles. I am aware, that education, to be effective, must com mand the zeal and appreciative energies of the pa rents of each succeeding generation. lam equally aware, that the establishment of any general scheme, will require, in the end, a targe expenditure of mo ney. But, as it may not be accomplished iDjja day or a year, so the entire amount need not be appro priated at once It most be a work of time, and its fruits gathered through successive years of patience and ou. But Shali this be an argument for coet ponieg indefinitely its commencement l Is it not rathe; an incentive to speedy action, stimulated by the promptings of patriotiem aud philanthropy 1— But the obligation of toe Legislature reels upon specif.’ grounds. The Coestitutio i is mandatory. Article IV. SectionXUl. declares that “Thearts and sciences shall be promoted, in the establishment of one or more seminaries of learning, and the Le giaiature tkall, as soon as -eon veniently may be, give recti farther donations and privileges to those already established, as may be necessary to secure the objects of their institution . and it tkall be the duty of the General Assembly, at their next session (that is, the next -eeeion after the adoption of the Constitution) to provide effectual means for the im provement and permanent security of the funds and endowments of suoh institutions. What has been done to carry into effect tins ciause of year Consti tution 1 How little ? It has reference mainly to lUUt'U L the State University, which had been chartered in 1785 Hence, it ieobvious, that it is the sir or n du ty of the General Assembly, to place cur State Uni versity upon the footing contemplated by its wfoe and patriotic founders, or, in other words, ‘ give i such donations and privileges as may be necessar; to secure the objects of its institution.'’ Indeed, toe whole subject of education is confided to the General Assembly, with the potittre injunction to such action as may be proper to supply the wants of tLe State. That contracted policy which is ever standing at the door of the Treasury, with a ffaminj two-edged sword, is but little better than more. i reason to the Constitution, which, for more than hfrt a century, has been pjeading for conformity on the part of those who swear to obey. Education is the friend of the State, it win elevate the people. It will diminish crime and toe expense of executing the laws. It will prize out the poor from the mire into which innocent poverty Use sunk them and place them on an intellectual eqoauty with the fa vored eons of fortune. It wiii dig from the mine many an unpolished gem, to glitter in the crown of cultivated society If wiii stimulate enteiprtse, and direct its energies to profitable objects It will dig nify labor, and open new channels for capita! It will ffisinter the mins; al wealth of tae State, and add millions to the productions ot Agriculture. It will bring into the field of science an array of mind that wiii adorn our eeoutcbeoD, and dante the world by iM aohievemeats la a word, Georgia mt>t Mil of her great mission, without the adoption of a wise and comprehensive educational policy. Away, then, with that narrow sting is ass which begrudges a dol lar to such a cause, wßile it is often wasteful of thousands, upon, objects jhat possess littla or no merit. Go forward boldly, firmly, liberally to meet the wants of the Stated*Adjust youreebeme to the character of oni population. Apply to the task you,- wisest deliberations. to it the element of self-vindication auSjto-aupnort. Make it simple, in its details, and for its success and growth, upoi£j|HS3>!tmtj|9Bnppoi't of the people. Can such ofcHlmon School education be devised ‘ What has been accomplished in other States, can be done here. Upon so delicate and difficult a subject, I present the outline of a plan with d’ffidence. But I make the venture, for what it is worth, hoping that it may at least, prove sugges tive of something better. 1. Authorise each county, at its option, to be di vided into Common School Districts, of such dimen sions, that children can walk from their several boundaries to the school-booses to b*located in the centres. 2. Let each District be clothed with the power of self-taxation, and the aimoinment of a Treasu rer. 3. Let each District, by public meeting annually to be held, declare what sum they are willing to raise for Common Sohool purposes therein, to be collected by taxation, as the State Tax is now col jcted by law, and to be paid over to the District Treasurer. 4. Upon the Roportfif the District Treasurer to the Executive, of ihS'lwnouot actually collected let the Governor be authorized to draw his warrant oil the State Treasury, for a like sum, to be paid to the said District Treasurer, which, together with the money thus collected by voluntary taxation, shall constitute a Common School fund for such Dis trict, for the year, for which it fllay be intended. 5. Let the Common School District Treasurer be required to give bond and security, under tbs ap proval of the Inferior Court of the county, for the faithful application of thefuud, and to make annual returns to the Inferior Court, on the first Monday in January, in each year, accompanied with vouchers for his disbursements. ‘The advantages of this plan are palpable. First, it is simple ; secondly, it addresses itself to the voluntary action of the people of each District. If they wish a school, they can have it; it they do not, it will not be forced upon them. Thirdly, this appeal to. the voluntary principle, will beget thought and debate, so that, it rejected at first, truth will dually prevail, aud the syst-m be adopted. It will therefore prove to la a growing, self-vindica ting, self sustaining system. Fourthly, it meets the objection which is bo formidable, that, in some sec tions, the population is so sparse, that the Common School system is impracticable. It is intended to onerat e only where there are inhabitants, aud even then, alone upon the condition, that they are willing and ready to do their part towards it. Lastly, the absence of school privileged will no loDger deter im migration to destitu: e regions. This plan will invite immigration, and thus soon fill up the uninnabited Districts. It may be thougot that the adoption of such a system wil., at once, oreate a demand for money which the State 1 reasury cannot meet. That it will Tequire a considerable sum of money is obvi ous ; but not so much as to deter from the experi ment. It wiil not be adopted in every oouuty of tbe State, at first—much less by every School Dis trict. Many will not have the population; many will reject it, for years, until they have discussed it thoroughly, and risen to a proper appreciation of education; many more, either from Inability or dis inclination, will impose on themselves a very light tax. Therefore, the amount called for, from the State Treasury, will, in the infancy of the system, be comparatively small. Besides, lit this particular form, it need not be perpetual. When it shall have diffused population and the blessings of education over the State, it can be modified as , xperienGe may show to be necessary. The great desideratum, for the present, is to arouse our people to the impor tance of the subject. Wheu this shall have been accompli -hed, they will not stop to weigh dollars and cents against education But this, nor any other system of education, can be carried into effect, without a vast increase of the corps of teachers. How can t!i-- requisite number be supplied? The mode is sirup; ! if the Legisla ture will respond to she prof ;'lugs of eliberal spiflt. We have several denomie u >!onai Colleges in Georgia, foanded by private enterprise. Why should not the Legislature endow an Agricultural Professorship, in one of each denomination, upon the condition that it will educate gratuitously, a specified number of young men, in oach Congressio nal Dialriot, to be selected as the Legislature may direct, who shall pledge themselves to teach a given number of years, after then- graduation, in the District from which they were selected ? This will rapidly supply educated teachers, native born, and sympathising with Southern interests and in stitutions. As au additional means of obtaining native teach ers, let the State educalo, at her own expense, in the State Univeisity, one young man, from each county of the State, to be chosen by the Inferior Court thereof, and to be pledged to teach a given number of years, in the county from which he shall have been chosen. This will very soon supply the deficiency, and render us independent of those itine rant adventurers from other States, who are too often hostile to our peculiar institutions. But our necessities do uot stop here. We need a University proper. Such, its founders designed our State College to be ; and. the Constitution, as 1 have shown, has made .t obligatory on the General Assembly to carry that design into effect. When young men have been graduated, whither can they resort, if they desire to pursue a course of study, in tbe advanced sciences T Finding no suitable Insti tution, for such purposes, at home, they are com {relied to go abroad, or to abaudon their high and audable aspirations. The consequence is, that most of our educated men, greatly to the detriment of the Commonwealth, plunge into politics, as the only path to distinction, or permit their cultivated powers to rust in inglorious ease. That this, or some other scheme, for the object indicated, shoulp be adopted, is obvious to all who reflect upon the educational wants of the State. Indeed, past attempts demonstrate the hold which the subiect has upon the public mind. It seems, however, that they have all been baffled by the idea that the pecuniary means cannot be furnished. But this difficulty will vanish from the mind, if the resources and increasing wealth of the State be duly estimated. Asa Georgian, lam proud to be lieve, that she is able to accomplish whatever she dare attempt, if the object be worthy of her renown, and within the competency of patriotic energy aud enterprise. Touching our Federal relations, the Executive is in possession of no information, that does not meet the eye of every cloee observer of passing eve-ts. We have no indication of any abatement of aboli tion hostility to the institution of Southern slavery. The signs of the times forbode the same excitement, for the future which has disturbed the harmony of the Union for the last twenty-five years. Reckon ing Delaware, which we may safely do, as virtually a nou-slaveholditig State, the equilibrium between the North and the South, in the Senat e of the United States, is alreacy permanently destroyed. This in equality will be rapidly increased by the accession ot the many new States to be formed, in quick suc cession, from the pu blio domain. What then is the future security of the South ? It is scarcely to be hoped for in the Constitutional guaranties, which the South has a right to claim ; for the froesoit sen timent, already in the ascendancy, and totally re gardless of Constitutional obligations, will be still more potent and maddened into more intolerable insolence, by tbe consciousness of power. It is, therefore, a painful truth, that, in the pres ent aspect of affairs; our surest ground of security, is to be found in a political organization, who, for the sake of the Uuiou, will respect our rights.— Such au organization now exists. It is composed of tbe South and a largo portion of the people of the North who, while-: a majority of them differ from us on the abstiaot question of Slavery, yet 00-operate with us, in mainti filing our rights. So long as it can preserve its ascendency, we may expect security.— But how fickle aud unstable is such a reliance 1— How humiliating, to feel that the Constitution, in its purity, has ceased to be the bulwark of oar safe ty 1 It is hoping almost against hope, to expect such an organization to stand against the growing strength of Abolition fanaticism. Our friends in the non-slaveholding States are annually beoomiDg weaker, and, in view of the large number of non slaveholding States which must, be carved out of the Territories, they must inevitably fall, at last, and leave the South, in a minority, to fight hor own bat tles. Who can say bow soon these events may uot be preoipitated upon us ! Fauaticism, like the tides of the Ooean, never rests; but, unlike the tides ot the Ooean, it never ebbs. It will rollon to triumph, unless it be baffled by a united South, reeolved to preserve her rights or die in the struggle. Let such unanimity be encour aged aud promoted. As for Georgia, she has taken her position. We will plead the Constitution, as long as there is hope ; we will co operate with our Northern friends as long as, by ?u- L. organization, we can preserve our rights; we tvili cling to the Union, as long as it shall shelter us from aggression. But if al‘ these fail, and we be compelled to choose between dishonor, aud the alternative of the “Geor gia Platform,” we will face the storm, with theun linehing firmness of the martyr’s courage. In closing this communication, aud retiring from the Executive office, I avail ir- self of the occasion to exp ress my unfeigned grati iu : ■ for the confidence reposed in me, by the peop.eoi a. That I may have committed errors. I ie.,Lj admit -, but conscious of having endeavored to discharge my duties faithfully, I cheerfully cc limit my adminis tration to the verdict of impartial uistory, and ear nestly invoke Heaven’s richest blesjings upon my native State. HERSCUEL V. JOHNSON. Character BsTiJts than Credit.— We often bear young men who have credit means dolefully contrasting their lots with that of rich men a sons.— Yet the longer we live, the more we are convinced that the old merchant was right, who said to us when we began to live, “industry, my lad, is bet.er than ingots of gold, and character better than cred it. ’’ We could furnish, if need were, from our own experience, a score of illustr. rions to prove the truth of his remarks. In all branches of business, in all a vocations, character, in the long run, is the best capital. Says Poor Richard, “The dound of your hammer at five in the morning, or nine at night, beard by a ere litor, makes him easy for six months longer ; but if he sees you at a gambling table, or hears your voice at a tavern when yeu should be at work, he sends for his money the next day “ What is true of the young mechanic, is true also of the young merchant or young lawyer. Old and sagacious firms will not long continue to give credit for thousands of doliars, when they see the purchaser, if a young man, driving fast horses, or ioungiDg in 6ringing saloons. Clients will not en irast their cases to advoca'es. however brilliant, who frequent the card table, the wine party, or the race-course. It is better, in beginning lite, to se cure a reputation for indue ry and probity, than to own houses or lands, if with them yea have no character. ‘ . A facility of obtaining credit at the outset is often an injury instead of a benefit. It makes the young V-eginner too venturesome—fills him with dreams of toe early fortune— tempts him too much to neglect hard work, forethought, caution and economy. Ex oeseive capital is too often a SDare to a young man. It has pissed almost into a proverb, in consequence, that the sons of rich meu ever make good businew men. To succeed in life, we must team tbe value of roonev. But a superfluity of means at the outset is nearly a certain method of rendering us insensible to its value. No man never grew rich wno had not learned the adage, “if you take care of the pennies, toe dollars will take care of themselves. ’’ Knowl edge of men, sell-discipline, a thorough mawery of oar pursuit, and other qualifications, which ail per sons of experience look for. are necereary to give the world security that a young man is of toe right metal Capita! may be loet, but character never- Credit once gone, the mac without character tabs. But be who has earned a reputation tor capacity, integrity and economy, even if he loses hia credit, rises triumphantly over hankruptoy itself. A man with character can neves be ruined. It is the hist thing a young man should seek to secure, ar <1 a may be had bv every one who desires it in earnest. A poor boy, irith a character, is more fortunate by far, than a’ rich mac’s eon without it— Hunt't Mer ekerstt’ Magazine. Shaving Notes Witbjct ant Capital —In comae cf the trial in the Supreme Court yesteruav, of the case of Luke Green against Peleg W. Gardi ner, Mr. Thomaa A. Doyle testified, that while Le was cashier of the Grocrra end Producers’ Bank, one of the directors ot that Bank, now deceased, was iu the habit of buying paper of the bid brokers, giving his check there:’u payable some days ahead, and before it came due, would get the as me die counted to pay his check. Sharper practice than this was never sworn to in a oourt of law. Men frequently transact a large business without capital, but we never before heard of a man shaving goto* without nwosy,— Promdemt J*w New Orleans Honey Market. Friday Eva Mm, Oct. 3U.—Taken as a whole the tone of ihe market is perhaps a shade stronger thin at the date of our last weekly surnmai v, but the relief withal is so trivial that it barely amounts to any thing amid the general fteiiug of discourage ment whiofi s ill continues to be the prevailing fea tare In commercial and financial cue lee We have ! owave f’, of “ uol ‘ of that extrema UHeasi Do.-! which was felt a week ago, aud whatever an prehension* might tWi have been entertained are quisled by the ft™ attitude of the banks and their improving condition from day to day. Specie is nnurimr m iy,.,., ... , J , , 0 . . ““F‘ u ' ru| g luuumou trom dav to day. Specie u poui-mg m from every quarter of the compass, auS the amount now actually under way, including wbatmay be expected from Havana is probably oveT one million. Independent of this We had already received half a mission this week exclusive of a sum of equal amount which’ came down the river for the Bramh mint here A con shierable portion of the gold t-v the Persia is no dvubt intended for this point, whilst the Arsgo and Arabia, due early next week, may bring out a sum in ail likelihood not far short of hall a million of Ster ling, of which we may expect to obtain a large share. A portion of the specie drawn out of bank during the run is also gradually finding its way back again, eo that our moneyed institutions aire dv by long odds the most stable in the country, will soon be strengthened to a very formidable extent, and thus r e in a position to grant some legitimate facili ties to the suffering community. In this respect therefore, our condition has im proved, and it would seem uot improbable that the banks, having finally acquired confidence in their ability to surmount any impediment, will teel justi fied fii anticipating some portion of that relief which the receipt of so large an amount of precious metals will unquestionably afford. Sight tunds on New Y’ork being down to httfin-ot. discount, no coin will tic abstracted for collections, and atun-.-t every d o l l 4 of Exchange purchased by the banks imi'it nu oessarily return to them. Such is the view of every intelligent business man. The only, ground for uneasiness arises from the felr that the panic on this side may rea-. t severely in England and on the continent. This is the very general opinion, and hence many parties iiave made up their minds to be quiet, and await the accounts by the next two steamers. It is useless to conjec- ture whist they may bo. There is no market for paper as yet, and tbe dis count brokers are entirely unemployed. The banks <rant no new accommodations, but renew to & very iberal extent. Foreigu Exchange has been Belling very slowly this iveek. We hear of a little Sterling at 90 a'32, including some A 1 bills to-day at the lqtter figure Private despatches from Now York quote sales yes terday at 106 a 107, which eveu 6 4*ot. discount for Sight leaves a large margin for operations. But we are not advised whether tr.msaotious ars free at those rates. In Fraucs the business has been quite limited at 6f 25 d/6f 05, with occasional sales, how -over, at lower figures. Time bills on the North are uo longer offered, and we have not heard ot a sale for two or thieo weeks. Some business lias been done in Sight at ss>6 Pet. discount, mostly the former, aud the banks have checked at I|®2 Vet. discount. Considerable stress was laid to day on the private messages from New York, quoting sales of St .-rliug at 106*107, and reporting a better state of things generally. It is apprehended, however, that this movement is not general, and that rhe transactions thus advised are coufiued to a few high grade bills, whiob parties have made a great effort to send for ward to place their friends on the other side par tially in fuuds. If Sterling is realized in New York it is of little use compmatively to authorize parties here to draw Sight, as thole is no demand to absorb the quantity on the market. At the cl se the very best Exchange could uot be sold better than 5 P ot. discount, and some would Irava accepted 5J @6. Under these circumstances it is far preferable to send the specie at once. It must come to that eventually. The actual business in Sterling here is utmost a retail one. Outside there rue no means to buy, and the banks do not feel themselves in a con dition to operate with any degree of freedom.— N. O. I‘icayune. The Currency Contraction. lt is computed that since the first week of August last the banks of the city of New York have curtail ed their discount line $27,060,000, and the country banks of the State, sls,oU,oflo—making a total contraction of currency of $12,011(1,000 iu about ten weeks. One of the New York papers makes $60,- 000,000, by adding $18,000,000 of bank circulutiou, which the B nk Superintendent at Albany has re deemed within the same period. But this is over stating the case. The redemption of bank currency at the offi eof tbo Superintendent is not a oonlrnc tionof loans. Banks which want to strengthen themselves surrender notes whiebthey have already redeemed, or have never issued, and take back their securities to be disposed of in the market. This is not to bo fairly reckoned a reduction of loans. Forty-two millions is, without exaggeration, large enough to show how greatly the banks were expanded, and how terribly they were frightened when the reaction commenced, aud the explosion of one or two of the most inflated of the bubbles around them exposed 1 o their own perceptions, aud to the popular alarm, the perils of their condition. The New York bunks are examples, aud favora ble examples, of the management of the Northern banks generally. They are sounder than the mass of those who have shared with them, or rather followed them, in this work of rearing a fabric of artificial values. The vice was all but universal in that region. Unhappily, the Southern institutions and the Southern people, who have had no share in the mismanagement which brought about this crisis of broken credit, have beet made to pay a heavy part ot tne penalty in the wreck of fortunes, and the destruction of bus ness. For the sine, we are feaifull, scourged, and iu these efforts, sacrifices and losses to regain the position of sounduass, which we have never depot ted from we have to suffer a heav.f share of the penalty. But great sufferings and great losses are inevita ble. They are the only process by whiob soundness iR to be restored to trade, and a wholesome state of things reproduced. Unsound banking, ministering to exlravagent speculations, having created unreal values, which must be extirpated before soundness is restored. The only cure is contraction. Con traction produces distress for many, and in propor tion to its degree, failures and reduotion of prices ; but from these there is no escape. Ihe banks have sinned heaviiy in bringing on the disease, and they may not be skillful m applying the remedy, but it is the only one which’ will be effective. There may be a question of more or less time, and more or less skill in administering the bitter draughts which are to heal the system. There are aggravations of t.e disorder in the popular panics, which spring up sud denly and set all calculation a! naught. The pub lio mind, started from indolent security, rushes at once b> blind and ind.scriminate distrust—from un thinking faith in every promise to pay and every project of gain to senseless discredit of everything —giving no confidence to the strongest securities or the rnoßt perfect guarantees. But panics are more symptoms and paroxysms than causes of disease.— They require the highest patience and prudence to deal with them, so as to alleviate their aggravating effect upon the real distress of a moneyed crisis; but it is a great mistake to think the quieting of a panic anything more than a preparation to look the whole evil calmly in the face, and to be strengthen ed for the exactions and the sacrifices which must be endured before it is eradicated. The immense mass of inflated values, with their exciting causes, iu vast speculative enterprises that have broken down, must be removed out of the markets, aud prices brought down to the standard of a healthy circulation, before the Northern insti tutions can resume. In the course of this healing process, a great struggle will go on amongst con tending interests te thrust off upon each other, or any ether classes, the burden of the heavy losses which must be realized and adjusted. We, iu tbe South, have, innocently, to suffer in the common re duction of values and the universal obstructions to business, and for this we mast prepare our minds, and set our affairs in order.—A O Pic. Artesian Wells—lur. Source oe the Water. —Various conjectures have been made as to the source of the water which comes from the artesian wells. It was long believed that the water of the sea must necessarily pem trate, by infiltration, into the interior of the continent, and at length form large bodies of subterranean waters, which, except ing from capillary influences, would not rise above the general level of the ocean. Another opinion was that the subterraneous water, from which the sources of rivers and springs are supplied, io the product of the condensation of aqueous vapors as cending from the interior parts of the earth, in con sequence of the central heat. But these hypotheses are purely visionary. The simplest and most natu ral explanation is, that the water of ordinary wells, artesian fountains and rivers, is supplied by the rains which fall on the surface at a higher elevation, and which penetrate through poures and fissure of the ground tilKhev meet with some impermeable stratum, or are collected in subterrannean reser voirs. It has been objected that springs are some times situated on or near t lie summits ot mountains, which could not be supplied in this way ; but on an attentive examination of all the circumstances—that is to say, on measuring accurately the extent of sur face at a greater elevation than the spring, and comparing it with the quantity of rain that fall* annually in the same climate, it has been found in every instance, that the aqueous deposition from atmosphere greatly exceeds the Bupply from the spring. It is computed that not more than a third part of the rain wh-ch falls in the valley of the Seine is conveyed to the sea by the river. The Revelations or Astronomy. —Among the interesting revelations made by Astronomy is the fact that the analogy between Mars and the Earth is greater than between the earth and every other planet of lie solar system. Their diurnal motion is nearly the time ; the irclinatioue of tteir equators to the planes of their orbits, on which the seasons depend, are not very different; nor is the length of hie year very different from ours, when compared with the years of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus. The earth, however, appears to be the more forward of the two, since water would not remain fluid even at theasquator of Mam, and alcohol would freeze in hia temperate zones. The force of gravity on his sur face is about one-tenth greater tfiae at the surface of the earth, but his density is much less than that of the earth. A body which weighs one pound at our equator would weigh only five ounces and six drachms at that of Mare, and were his course stop ped, one hundred and twenty-one days and ten jours would elapse before he dropped upon the sun. Should sentient beings exist there they see the sun’s diameter less by one-third than we do; and, conse queutly, the degree of light and heat they receive is less than that received by us in the proportion of 4 to 9, or rather leas than 1 to 2—liable, however, to va riations from the great ee eutrioity of his orbit. If their atmosphere be as dense as supposed, they pro bably scarcely ever discern Mercury and V enue, which will appear to borrow on the solar rays ; the earth and moon, however, will afford them a beau tiful pair ol planets alternate'y changing places with each other under homed or folcated phases, but never quite full, and not mors than quarter of a de gree distant from each other. Emigration to the West.— Already the hard times in the States have produced their usual effect in augmenting the migration to the \\ est. A citizen of Kansas, who has lately visited Springfield, lit., fresh from Lawrence, informs the editor of the Springfield Journal that emigrants are pouring into the territory of Kansas, and it is thought out there that the emigration this fait will exceed that of last spring, great as the latter was. A Remarkable Kscate.— We learn from a gen tleman es Crawford comty, that a Mrs. Nancy Eu banks, formerly a Miss Diokson, of Hancock, was terribly gored m the stomach by a bull on the otu October ult_, ripping it open from aide to side, let ting out her entire intestines. She gathered them in her apron and climbed three fences in that awrm condition she would have been killed before she could have escaped, bad it not have been for a bee dog she had along with her at the time who kept the bud at bay. Mrs. E. is in the 71st year of her age, and, was alive on the 26th uK. though not con sidered out of danger. —Southern Recorder. A Literary Young Ladt— Wewere conversing with a young lady some few evenings ago, at a literary reunion, and aa she had been introduced as a poetess, we of course touched on poetry. It was not mativ minutes before she had run through die stereotyped list of favorite authors, when she con cluded with Byron, asserting her conviction that be was the greatest poet that ever wrote. We modestly hinted that we preferred Shakspeare, up on which, with an unaffected laugt at our rimplici tv, she cried, “Why Sbakspeare wasn't a poet; hi* plays don't rhyme”—Toleao blade. The suip Riohard Anderson from Baltimore bound to Rotterdam, foundered at sea, aept. 29th, and the second mate, John Aidrige, was lost. The remain der of the crew were rescued by a French bark, and had arrived at Weymouth. Oapt. Anderson return ed in the Arayo. Later from California. By the steamer Quaker City at New York, from Havana, we have the intelligence that the steamer Star of the West, from Aspinwall for New York, ar nved at Havana on the afternoon of the 29th ulti mo. The Star of tiie West had on board 715 pas senger (all well) Ihe mails, $1,600,000 in gold for New York, and $500,000 for Europe. She wa< to eavefor-New York on the 30th. Twenty-five of her passengers came to this port on the Quaker City The eause Qf her detention was the non ar rival of the Pacific steamer Golden Gate. That fift l AID is f1 n Qnn lPronola/m e\ r, 5 *l. A I * steamer left San Fraucisco on the sth October; hut on the following day hnr machinery (in paiti be came disabled, aud she was compelled to return to port, where she arrived on tbe 10th. The ensuing day her passengers, spec e, and mails were trans ferred to the steamer Golden Age, and again took their departure, arriving at Panama on the 04th Ihe same day, the passengers. Ac., reached Aspiu. wall, and immediately embarked on board the Star ot the West, which had awaited their arrival. By tbe Quaker City we received a copy of the ban h nrncisco Herald, from which we gather the following items of news: The official returns from nearly all the counties in he nri **?! Well 11.636 major-fry over both the other candidates. The total vote was about 90,- cani o'® * tand \ ? , s Dem oc™‘s to 5 Republi ca s, and the Assemffiy 54 Democrats, 9 Kepubli cane, 3 Americans, and 4 Independent. 30 000 ma ' Onty ’ n faTOr 0f flie State Uebt is about TV,f!’L rilmo e 0t l \' e e ' odus of the Carson Valley to Lie ‘l me d, and the ridiculous report that a battle had occurred between the U. S Hoops and at !sa * t Lake City contradicted. Ihe crop of cereals raised in California wifi be largely ahead of the consumption. It was said that the overland mail route from San Diego to San Antonio, Texas, would take passen- Karo 4>sa its trip of October 9th. A p. eject is uow on foot in California for money for the construction of a wagon-road from Clear Lake to the Sacramento Valley, at a point nearly west from Coluai, a distance of some 25 or 30 miles from the Valley, and7smiies from Marysville. The best butter and cheese that California produces are the products of the Clear Lake valleys, and the dairy business is already carried on there to an ex tent which would surprise those uuaLquuinted with The overland immigration is still making its way to Ihe California borders, aud the report is that it meets with considerable trouble from the Indians aud a lot of white robbers who are in companion ship with the savages. Parties from California have gone out on the wagon routes iu order to fall iu with the perpetrators of the outrages, and punish them accordingly. Great excitement existed between the Senorians aud those on the Gadsden purchase, and no Ameri cans were allowed a p ssport into Sonora. The Pimo Indians, n Arizona, had chastised the Yutnas aud Apaches for killing some of their women and children. The Pimos killed 150 cr 160 of their opponents, and lost only 25 Lhemselves. Late accounts from the head of Humboldt, state that Kiik’s Wagon road party had been attacked by the Indians, blit had been driven off without any loss to the party-. The Mormons were to leave Carson Valley on the -oth qf October. Brigham YouDg has ordered a se cret cavalry company to organize from the Saints m Larson Valley armed aud equipped with one year s provisions and olothing. It is said to be their intention, should matters get too serious, to seek a refuge mlhe Russian possessions, where they have already driven the Btakcs for a uow Ziou. There is later news from the Sandwich Islands but it is unimportant. The Oregon Constitutional Convention had yet done nothing. Mining returns since the departure of the pre vious steamers are represented as very encouraging. Quartz operutione have taken anew start, owing to some rich diecoverics which have been made re cently in different portions of the State. The Union Democrat, published at Sonora, has the following notice of quartz operations in that vi cinity: This locality bids fair to be soon one of the most imp rtant mining camps in our country. That which has made Angels, in Calaveras, one of the most flourishing of our inland towns, will enrich and improve not only Tuttletown. but Sonora and Co lumbia aud all Tuolumne County. We allude to its quartz resources. Without a doubt the quartz ffiines in thiß neighborhood are the richest in the county, and, although it is only a few mouths since that any attention was paid to them, there are several mills being erected and several others contemplated. We have heard of a number of “big strikes,” but ocu sider them of little importance compared to the veins in which the rock all pays and plenty of ; t. — Every one has heard of the famous “Winter’s lead at Angel’s Camp. It is not a “quartz lead,” as many suppose, but is composed of a material call ed, we believe, talc. This is a white or grayish formation, thickly interspersed with pyrites of iron. The “pyrites” contain large quantities of gold, and it can be extracted only by smelting, orreducliou with acids. Some ot it, collected from the “Win ter’s “ lead, is of almost fabulous richness. The own ers now ship it to England, where the gold is extra fed One ton sent ther e yielded tiie immense sum of seventeen hundred ana twenty-two ounces of <old. It is well known that this lead traverses the i-Dgth of the State, following the run of the large “Carson Creek” quartz vien. We copy the following from the Nevada Jour nal : “We were presented a few days since with a piece of specimen dirt from the” Nebraska shaft owned by the Messrs. Dawiey, Mills & Cos. It is exceedingly rich. There has been taken from the claims more than $60,000 already, and the pros pects are now richer than ever before. One engine ias been at wotk upon tbe ground in the past, aud uuother is in process of erection. For the ten months past the company has been cutting through the rocks.” Exodus of the Mormons of Carson Valley. —We copy the followin'* telegraphic despatch from the Sacramento State Journal. It is dated Genoa, September 17. It will be seen that by it the rumor of the exodus of the Mormoua from Carson Valley, by orderof Brigham Y’mmg, is confirmed. The set tlers in that Valley will nave a happy riddance of them. The despatch also conveys the gratifying in telligence that the immigration of the present year will fully reach 25,1)00, and probably 30,00(1 two thirds of whom are women and children. This will make a great addition to our population. Next year we may expect 50,000 at least: “The Mormons are all making preparations to leave for the Great Salt Lake ; they will leave here in about ten days, and will have in their train over one hundred wagons. Their farms have been pur chaßed by immigrants coming over the Plains this seaS'-n. The immigration this year Is immense. The Valley is all alive with men. women, children and animals, who have just arrived over the Plains.— The iumiigiation this year will reach full 25,000, and probably 30,000. Two thirds are womeu and chil dren.” From the San Francisco Herald , Oct. 5. Financial Affairs. —By the Bteameryesterday we received news of a financial crisis in New York Several of the oldest established banking and in surance firms had succumbed, aud railroad stocks had declined to a figure unprecedentedly low. The New York papers, with commendable prudence, have labored with might and main, to aiiay the ex citement, and the probability is, if they had pur sued an opposite coOroe, we should have to chroui cle the most wide spread ruin in the Atlantio States. Here rve oan discuss the causes of the panic withou restraint, and can form an unprejudiced opinion on the Hubjeclt It must be confessed that the news of financial distress iu New York, does not excite any unusual degree of surprise in this community. The fact is we have long expected it, and the only ques tion for us to diecuss is, as to whether we have by this mail received the worst of the news, or if the recent financial troubles are to be regarded as sim ply the prelude to that greater, more general and more sweeping crash which is to oome. But on this branch of the subject we do uot propose to speculate al present. “Sufficient with the day is the evil thereof,” and iu obedience to this wise precept, we wiil, at this time, confine ourselves exclusively to the facts which are admitted. The panic in Now York is ascribed to expansion, generally, iu impor tations, in the construction of railroads, and in the agricultural productions caused by the demand for breadstuff's during the continuance of Ihe great war in Europe. It is not our intention to dispute these premises. They are doubtlessly the cause of the recent failures, though in a i emote degree. The Immediate cause is the changes observable in tie movements of specie. We alluded, a f6W days ago, that there was a most gratifying diminution in the amount of specie shipped from this port east ward. An examination of the statistics of the Cus tom House shows ‘hat the diminution amounts to no less than $4,070,185 35, and thatit has lor the most part taken place during the third quarter of the present year. The following is a statement of the treasure ship ped hence during the past quarter, on steamers, combined with the previous shipments of the year : To New York $8,140,256 94 To England 2,299,913 55 To New Granada 104,007 52 Total for three months $10,544,178 01 The shipments during the first half of the year, by steamers, to New Y'ork, amounted to $16,934,766.10; to England. $4,634,115 38-, to New Granada, $20,- 921 i5. These amounts, combined with the above, would make the entire steamer shipments for the nine months as follows : To New York $25,675,022 10 To iSngland 6,604,028 93 To New Granada 324 928 77 Total $32,063,980 80 The amount exported at a similar time 1856 was $36 134,066 14, showing a falling off in 1857 of sl,- 070,185 31. u . . The shipments of treasui e by sailing vessels for the qnarterjust ended, have been almost as large as tLose of the previous six months. This has been in con equence of the demand for Mexican dollars for shipment to China, and which as they are regularly received here by each arrival from Mexico, can hardly be said to enter into our exportation of na tive coin or dust. The shipments have been as fol lows : China *1,1541 >487 Australia 65,Q0Q East Indies - - -- 1,260 Society Islands 3,000 Sandwich Islands - 103,492 South America. 15,000 Total - $1,309,249 During the first half ot 1857 the exports amount ed to $788,818, making the oombmed shipments for tbe nine months $3,098,066. The exports of gold of the- first half ot the year equal thoee of the preceding year, and the falling off observable has taken place principally during the months of July, August, and September Tbe peo ple of New York were not prepared for this de crease on tbe shipments of specie from this port, though respeetedfy warned, and the absurdity of eipe'.ting that the goiden stream could much longer continue to flow from the Pacific with equal volume. It is true that the fact of a decrease iu gold exporta tion has been questioned by some buDgling statis ticians in this city, who, by some of the unaccounta ble turns of the wheel of fortune, find themselves in command of a few ca-es of type, but r o argumen in support of our position was deemed necessary by us We now state tbe fact that mainly during the last three months there has been a decrease of oyer four millions in the export of golfl from this pbrt eastward, and that decrease is the immediate cause of the crisis in New York, of which we received in telligence by the steamship Sonora. An Omnibes Incident —A lady and her little son yesterday entered an omnjbus near the Treasu ry Department. She took a seat, but there was none for the child. Two scapi opposite were occupied by a gentleman and his little white poodle. Pre sently the gentleman said to tbe poodle : “Get down, sir and to the little boy, “Sit here honey.’’ But the lady said to the gentleman, in a very audi ble tone : “Not for the world, sir ; I would not dis turb either of you! ’ The gen leman looked em barrassed , tbe dog looked indignant; a fat gentle man, iD hia effort to conceal his wicked laughter, looked into bis hat.— Washington States. Homicide and attempt at Suicide— Just” we were going to press last night, aiter9 > we learned of the enactment o 7 an aM tragedy several places so severely that hw recovery is thought to be deubtftil Calsimhus tnst. VOL. LXX.—NEW SERIES VOL. XXI. NO. 45. From the N. r. Courser Enquirer. Balance af Trade. The balance of trade of the United States is • subject that, though often quoted in commercial conversation, has not been studied with the care and completeness that its importance merits. It is in fact to a nation, what a balance sheet is to a merchant, and ie the only record that we have of our increase or decrease in national wealth. In consequence of the superficial consideration that has been given to this subjeot, there prevail some erroneous opinions in regard to our national balance sheet. Among these prevalent opinions maybe mentioned one. That our debt to Gear Britain is large and is one of the causes of “panics,” “stringencies in the money market,” and other dis turbancee ; the phrases of which are now “hotHe hold words,” and tike “electrioity, etc.,” in natural scteuce, make the nomenclature of finanoial dis turbances, that many cannot understand or arc too lazy to investigate. The facts of the case are that Great Britain is now, and has been since 1836, in our debt After allowing liberally for tbe ioteresi on the State and Railroad Securities which she holds, the debt or balance of trade in favor of the U States, whtak Great Britain paid last year, was over ten millions. Great Britain, with London forits focus is the great exchange market of the world. We’ pay all our debts through London and uot to Lon don, and hence have to ship our gold to that mar ket. In consequence of the ad valorem Tariff system °f this country, whiob givee a premium to false in voices, it is difficult to get an accurate exhibit of the imports into this country. We can safely add from ten to twenty per cent. to the invoices of manufactured goods to get their true value, or the amount whioh we pay for these goods. France and Germany have a large balance of trade against us, accordiug to the Secretary of the Treasury’s Report; and according to atrue exhibit, they would have a much larger. If we examine the tabular statement given be low, we shall find some curious foots in regard to uho are our customers, and to whom we are cus tomers. In the former class, Great Britain must be rauked first, both m amount of trade aud iu balance paidm"las? h £!£ milial debt which Great Britain whileThetotalbaTancl ***.-’ ted States, as shown by the twelve millions of dollars It there ore our trade with ilia rest of he world brings us In debt nearly tweuty-eight millions. The trade wi h Spain shows the next largest balance in favor of this country. The trade with Australia rauks third, and is iu proportion to its extent the most profitable to us. Ireland, the British North American Colonies Sardinia, Trieste, Hayti aud Peru, ehow large bal ances of trade in favor of the United States when compared with the total trade. In regard to the other classes of countries—those who have tne balance of trade in their favor—we find some curious facts. Cuba shows the largest balanoe of trade against us ; Brazil is the next in order, and China third—and iu (he aggregate show a balance of trade of uearly forty milfious of dollars where the total trade is less than seventy millions! France is tbe only manufacturing country that shows & large balance of trade (according to our ad valorem Tariff) against us. The characteristics of each nation are in a measure shown by their trade. With nearly all the countries under the Bri lish flag, the trade is in favor of the United States aud their aggregate balances iu our favor amount to over fifty seven millions, aud seven millions aga nst tiie United States. AH of the Dutch posses sions show a trade against the United States, and examplify tho close trading of that commercial peo ple. All of the Spauish West Indies have a bal ance against the United States. The countries on the Atlantio Coast of South America hnve a trade against the United Slates, while those on tbe west side show a trade in favor of this oouutry.— And generally, countries north of us show a balance in favor of this Country, while the tropical countries havo the trade in their favor. Tabular Statement showing the Balance of Trade of the United States with every important Commercial Nation. Reports to. Imp'lsfrom Bal of Trade. England $154 079,535 $118,045,544 $36,033,901 Ireland 4, .74.730 ‘ 89,032 4,285,698 Scotland 3,906.542 4,131,508 224,964* Gibraltar 429,016 38,126 390,890 Mlta. 311 586 44,224 270,362 Bi itish East Ind’s 767,629 7,005,911 6 238 282* Cape of G’d Hope 418,251 483,594 ’ 65!313* Australia 5,034.972 134,452 4,900 520 Honduras 383,739 332.117 51,622 British Guiana... 875,263 151,574 723 689 British West lud's 4,484,652 2,285, 48 2,199,404 Canada 20,883 241 17.488,197 3,395 044 Br.K Am. Colon's 8 146 108 3,822 224 4 324 884 Franco 42,510.973 49,010,062 6,505 089* French W. lud’s. 623,237 8.1,280 539,957 Denmark 227,715 1,130 226 585 Danish tV. lud's. 903,801 225 689 678,173 Holland 3,586,428 2,426 479 1,159,949 Dutch East Indies 210,156 1,399,289 1,189,133* Dutch W. Indies. 651 498 789,668 138 170* HanSe Towns.... 14,2:19,371 14,458,512 219,141* Prussia 79,762 1 61,169 81,407* Russia.6B6 405 330,581 355,82 t Sweden & Norw'y 1,919,363 871 245 1,048,118 Spain 7,434 318 2,232 466 5,20L,852 Manilla, Ac 342,654 2 972,025 2,629,371* Cuba -... 7,909,263 24,435,693 10,626,430* BP C?b2Vccpfd i 1 - 142 ’ 724 3,870,963 2,728,239* Portugal, 378,199 287,166 91,033 Italy 463,020 1,635,865 1,172,845* Sardinia 2,204 938 317,179 1,887,7.19 Sicily 378,771 3,488,526 1,109,755* Trieste 2,444,848 476 541 1,968 307 Turkey 1,511.425 741,871 769,554 Hayti 2 126,454 104,259 2,!22,1iJ Mexico 3,702,239 3,568,681 133 558 Uraguay 551 329 361,036 190,293 New Orauda 1,611,382 2,325,017 713,627* Venezuela 1,7i2,774 4,202 652 2 489 918* Brazil 5,094,904 19,262 657 14,167 753* Buenos Ayres.. . 1,259,863 2,322 161 1,062,298* Chili 2,867,743 2 467,819 399.924 Peru 1,244 223 217.759 1,026,464 China 2,558,237 10,454,436 8,896 199- Miscellaneous 2,648,860 2,603,122 54,262* Total $326,964,908 $314,639,942 Nett balance in favor of United States $12,324,966. The figures marked thus * are balances against the U. S,, and all others iu favor of this country. To arrive at a true exhibit of tho Commerce of the United Staten in its relation of balance ot trade, or of the amount of Specie which ie gained or lost to tho country, we must take into consideration our ad voratum Tariff and our Foreign Debt. We can estimate the balance of trade for the past year as follows: Exports $326,964,908 Imports of Free G00d5...536,955,766 “ “ Duitable “ ... 257,(384,236 Ten per cent for false in voices of duitablegoods. 25,768,423 Seven per cent interest on $100,000,000 of Foreign Indebtedness 28,000,000 368,408,365 Total indebtedness for 1856 $41,448,457 Exports of Specieibr 1856 $45,745,485 Imports “ “ 1856 4,207,682 $41,537,803 It will be seen, therefore, that this eetirnate of our Forcigu indebtedness is proven by the actual lots of Specie. Our receipts of Gold from California last year did not differ materially from forty millions—so that there was no increase of Specie in this country last year—while the increase in population, actual wealth and internal trade, all of which should be fol lowed by au luerease in their representation, or money, have been going on in a geometrical ratio. We therefore have hero one cause for the recent Commercial disturbances. I.ate and Important from Utah. Omaha City, N. TANARUS., Thursday, Oct. 22, 1857. News has just reached here from our frontier Mor mon eettlement upon the Loupe Fork es the Platte River, near the mouth of Beaver, and kuown as the Beaver settlement of Mormons, (about one hundred miles inland 1 rom here,) that some renegade Mor mons, or seceUers from the Mormon Churoh, flee ing from the Danites of Salt Lake, had reached that settlement a few days since, bringing the news that a large force of the Mormon militia, under Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball, were prepar ing to leave Salt Lake City, with provisions and ammunition for a six weeks’ campaign in tbe moun tains to the eastward, and thus to stop, if possible, the passage of the United States troops. Although the positive destination was a secret known only to the leaders of the Church, yet it was generally supposed that at the pass in the mountains near Bear River cut-off, or at Steeple Rocks, the stand would be made by the Salt Lake forces, with an almost certainty of “wiping out” tbe entire force sent against them. In Salt Lake City, and through the Territory, for some months prior to this movement, the militia or volunteer force have undergone more than ordinary drill, and a number of regiment* would compare favorably, in point of drill, with the independent, corps of the States. The Mormons feel confident of destroying the force Bent against them this Fall, and, with their next Spring’s allies from the States, expect to stand a regular fight against tbe whole United States available forep, and not only conquer, but establish them- selves os au independent Government. Between Fort Kearney and the Valley these three or four men traveled almost entirely at night and under the guidance of one of tbe party—a thorough mountain man—evaded tbe regular traveled route, seeing no troops or Indians, and making the travel in about nineteen days. They, and all the moun tain men with whom I have conversed, state that in the event of a ota and being taken in some of the mountain gorges this side of Salt Lake, ten men can easily and successfully cope with one hundred and fifty United States soldiers. And who knows these mountain rages and gorgee with all their ad vantages and disadvantages better than the Mor mons/ This report also brings the somewhat ex pected news that many ol the Indian tribes from Southern Oregon and Utah were secretly preparing to join the Mormon force.— N. Y. Timet’ Corretpon dent. Monetary. —Tbe New York Courier says.- The Banks are gradually obtaining additional strength with a view to resumption at an early day. If they had to consult themselves only, without reference to tbe interior and to other States, resumption might take place with safety before Is: January next; but in a measure of this kind, the Banks of Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore and other cities should be consulted, so aa to make it general, and further, so as to obviate a recurrence of suspension is in the year 1839 at tbe South and West. Statement of tbe deposits and coinage at tbe Mint of the United States, Philadelphia, during the month of Ootober, 1857: — gold bullion deposited. From California. .$3,135,89600 Other sources 21,150.00 Total Gold Deposits $3,157,046.00 silver bullion deposited, Deluding Silver Purchases *680,150.00 Spanish and Mexican fractions of a dol lar reoeived for exchange for new cent* 6,36000 TetalSilver $686,51000 Copper cents (6. 8 ) received for ex change for new cents $84500 Total Deposits $3,844,410.00 COINAGE EXECUTED. GOLD. Denomination. No. of Pieces. Value. Double Eagles 119,682 *2,393,640.00 Quarter Eagles 67,400 168,500.00 T0ta1........ 187,072 *2,062,140.00 SILVER. Half Dollars 320,000 160.000,000 Quarter D011ar5....2,400,000 600.000.00 Half Dimes 760,000 38,000 00 Three Cent Pieces... 245,000 7,350 00 Total 3,725,000 $805,350.00 COPPER. Cents 1,560,000 $15,600 recapitulation. , q, 082 $2,562,140 Gold Coinage Vs* MW 805,350 Silver Coinage f’ifj’onn 14,600 Copper Coinage l,SMi,wu _ O ..5,472,082 -To’l value $3 33_000 To I>o ; he Bmomt of the reported tf< rrlva£ Iby 1 by the Baltic and Persia at New Kk V” e^lbe y shpe of certificates ■ ofdepoeite th e Ba"kof England. The Asia took out SIOO,OOO in this currency. “ikENE on Bun Exit Hill ; -A Boston gentleman took a friend of his, an Eoguabman, to see the Monument, when arriving upon tbe ground he , Englishman said, “Why, it looks very much Ur.e I one of our ohimneys at ’ome.” “It is a chimney, reolied the other, “that it a chimney that carries off the smoke from a fir# that will n*v oease to burn, j Englishman—Oh, ah. Beecher on Methodist Singing* We came across the following capital article in an exchange paper, from the pen of Henri Ward Beecher. We trust that our Methodist friends .will thank us for publishing it; and as it hits so many other churches in the right place, we hope they w'ril take hint from the remarks of this gifted man. He spent a Sabbath some time ago -t Mat tea wan and visited a Methodist Chapel for worship, which gave an occasion for this extract: “By the way, yesterday morning I was at the Methodist Church here. Avery pleasant room it is, and I am told that, a very worthy sooiety oocupy it. But 1 have a inoat weighty charge to bring ng uoat the good people for musical apostacy. I hed ex peered a treat of good, hearty singing. There wero Charles Wesley’s hymns, and there were the good old Methodist tunes, that ancient piety loved, and modern oonceit bugas at! Imagine my chagrin when, after reading the hyoin, up rose the choir from the shelf at the other end of the char* b, and began to sing a monotonous tune of the modern music book style. The patient congregation stood up, meekly to be sung to, as men stand under rain when these is no shelter.” Scarcely a lip moved. No one seemed to hear the hymn, or to care for music. How I longed for the good oid Methodist thunder! One good burst of old fashioned music would have blown this mo dern singing out of the windows like wadding lrom a gun! Men may call thisau improvement, and genteei! Gentility has nearly killed our churches, and it will kill Methodist churches if they give way to ito false and pernicious ambition. We know very well what good old-fashioned Methodist music was. It has faults enough, doubtless, against taste. But it had an inward purpose and a religious earn et ness which enabled it to carry all its faults, and to tiiumph in spite ot them. It was worship. Yesterday’s music was tolerable singing, but very )oor worship. Wo are sorry tnat, just as our 1 Jhurches are beginning to imitate the former ex ample of the Methodist churches, and to introduce melodies that the people love, and to encourage universal singing in the congregation our methodist brethren should pick up our oast-off formalism in Church music. It will be wot Be with them than withuß. It will mark a greater length of decline.— We could hardly believe our eyes and ears yester day. We couldu’t uuvi,uado o*r?*eVcs ti.at we stood within a Methodist Church. We should have supposed it to be a good solid Presbyteriau or Con greg&tional Church, In winch the choir and puY pit performed everything, and the people did nothing. Om orethren in this Church must not take these remarks unkindly. They are presented in alt kind ness and affection. The choir sung better than many choirs in city Churches, but no one sung with them. The people were mute. They used their ears, and not their mouths! But alas! we missed the old fever—the good old fashioned Methodist fire. We have seen the time when one of Charles Wesley's hymns, taking the congregation by the hand, would have led them up to the gate of heaven. But yesterday it only led them up os far as th i choir about ten feet above the powa. This will never do. Methodists will make grand good worshiping Christiana, if they are not ashamed of their own ways, but very poor ones if they are. Brethren 1 you are in the wrong way. It will never dc for you to Bilenoe the people. Your fire will go out if you rake it up under the ashes of false refinement. Let an outsider, but a well-wisher, say these plain words to you without offence. The Methodist Church has laid the Christiau world under a great debt by its service in the oause of Christ, and we have a right in it, and au interest iu it, as common Christians, too great to sutler us to see signs of degeneracy in it without signs of sor row and alarm. Wehope Gad means eo do great good by it yet, for our land. But it will not be by giving up heart aud soul, zeal and popular enthusiasm iu worship, for the sake of sham propriety and tasteful formalism, that the Methodist Church will become yet further effi cient. We hope to see such a revival of religion among them as shall come like a freshet upou their churches, and sweep out the channels of song, aud curry away the dead wood and trash which has al ready dammed up the ourrent of song, and mad© the congregation stagnant. Oh 1 that thuro might be a rain of righteousness upon them, and shall fill their hearts to overflowing, and cleanse their sanc tuary from all formalism, and especially from the formalism of pedantic musio. Front Hnvnna—Capture and Trial of Slavers* We copy the following from the correspondence of the Picayune , dated Havana, Oot. 23: The tr al of Geo. Palmer, the captain of the slave bark Gen. Paez, that was captured near Cardenas, ia progressing i apidly, aud I have been informed that he will be able to prove his innocence of all complicity in the affair. His vessel was chartered in New York to proceed to St. Thomas, and from there to the Sombrero Islands for a load of guano In case he did not succeed in procuring the guano, he was directed to return to St. Thomas tor instruc tions. The charter party, bills of lading, and all the papers corroborate this. Palmer says that after he left the Narrows, he was boarded by a steamer which brought a passenger tor him. This man, shortly after coming on board, hauded him a letter, signed by the supposed owner, Cabindo, ordering him to proceed to the coast of Africa, for a cargo of negroes. This the captain objected to do; where upon the crew, principally Spaniards and Portu guese, forcibly deprived him of the command, and lie was virtually made a prisoner on board of his own ship. Palmer states that he destroyed his colors to prevent them from bein * made use of by the Spanish captain. The whole evidence so far adduced is stroDgly favorable to his acquittal. The only suspicious document brought against him is the letter handed him by th j Spanish captain after leaving New York. The sailors have all testified to a man that he had nothing at all to do with the voyage to Africa. This case is an interesting one, connected as it is with a piratical seizure of au American vessel on the high seas, and perverting her to unlawful enterprise, if the captain can bring sufficient proofs to substan tiate his charges, our Government will be in duty bound to look into this matter. Gen. Concha has manifested the greatest interest in this case, and offered every facility in his power for the further ance of the ends of justice , but I am afraid that the most that can be done will be to secure the dis charge of Palmer. It has not been ascertained who is the owner of the vessel aud cargo. The bark lately captured near Bahia Honda is supposed to be the Zephyr, of Baltimore. Her car go consisted of 650 young negroes. She had been cruising on the ooaet for about three weeks, looking for a place to make a landing. The captain aud crew were allowed to esoape. Last week another slavei was captured in the Lagua River, by the Governor of that jurisdiction, with about six hundred negroes on board. She is reported here to be the Vesta, of Boston, from which place,she sailed about five months ago. Anoth er bark, supposed to be the Clara B. Williams, was captured night before last at Caibarien, by the Spanish war schooner Cristina. Concha has i aken bold of the matter with so good a will that hardly one of the seventy vessels that have been fitted out for the coaßtcao possibly escape. These expeditious were fitted out under the belief that he be recalled, aud his successor's attention too easi y engaged with other subjects, to devote his energies to the suppression Os the slave trade. The blow has been so sudden and unexpected that the negro dealers have all turned ni©rial enemies of the man they blessed a few months ago as the savior of th© A large number of merchants have taken shares iu these speculations and will lose considera bly by the operation. The number of “ boiaks ’ now in the bunds of the Government exceeds three thousand. 8o far five vessels have beeu captured New Orleans .Vlouey market. Saturday Evenino, Oot 31.—The Bauk state ment fur the week shows the following changes as compared with the preoeding return: Decrease in Short Loans ...$126,072 Increase iu Specie 203,850 Decrease in Circulation 522,500 Increase in Deposits 214,909 Increase iu Exchange 20,185 Decrease in Amount due distant Banks.... 105,074 Increase in Deposits proper 319,083 These returns are favorable, aDd exhibit greatly increased strength all round. Tbe largest reduction in liabilities is on tbe part of the Citizens’ Bank say $325,000, and by next Saturday the deposits of this institution will probably be below $600,000. — Tbe circulation has ceased to come iu as rapidly as before, and it is likely now that but very little more will be presented, as tbe bulk L out in this State where the great solvency of tbe Bank is so thorough ly understood and appreciated. The total incre .se of specie from the lowest point on the 17th is $682,- 000, whereas the receipts of gold and silver in the meantime have reached upwards of a million. The reduced circulation accounts for this, besides which there is specie held somewhere ou special deposit. The averages were known after 1 o'clock, and produced a better feeling, it being universally argued that, with the halt million of coin coming upon the Philadelphia, the Banks would not only be able, but extremely desirous to do some business ou Mon day. Fifteen per ct. profits on Exchange are not realized once in every generation, and the pre sumption therefore is that, before the upward move ment sets in, which will be very rapid and Budden, some of tbe managers will pitch in, aDd thus work up a good showing of profits for the approaching semi-annual dividends. Some partial progress was made to-day with the moving of Cotton, aud although Foreign Exchange did Dot appear more saleable, oertain parties were enabled to operate on the strength of anticipated gold on the Black Warrior and Granada, the latter of which leaves New York on Monday with a con siderable amount. We bear also of three or four parcels on the way by express The] e will be no lack of precious metals now, and the chances are that we may run up the specie line to a higher point than it has been in Bank for many months past. Nothing of consequence was done either in Ster ling or Francs. Indeed, we did not hear ot a sale. There will be more doing, however, on Monday, unless parties should conclude to get frightened at the foreign news due by that time. A round amount of New-York Sight was sold at 6 ot. dis., and some at 54. At the close there was a better de mand for leading names —Pic. The Connecticut Banks — Harteord, Conn,, Nov 2 —At the Bank Meeting to-day, thirty-eeven of tbe Banks in the State were represented. The meeting was called for the purpose of adopt ing some plan which would enable the Banks to af ford a circulation for tha benefit of the business community. The following resolutions were before the Con vention, and final action deferred upon them until Friday afternoon next, to which time the Conven tion adjourned, when, it in believed, that neerljr every Bank in tbe State will be repreeented, aud final action be taken upon the resolutions. The feelinv manifested was very strong in favor of some immediate action on the part of tbe Banks towards some plan wh ch would afford the business commu nity relief. • Resolved, That to facilitate the settlement of bal ances between OHreelves, a Clearing House for the State of Connecticut be established at the city of - — days, in the notes of Conn cticut and other New England Banks in good standing, od of Banks in the State of New Yoik, current m the city of Now York, or in specie, or in drafts on Boston or cn New ’ ‘pt.nivei That each Bank forming this assool atiS said Clearing Howe the sum of one fliourand dollars, to constitute a fund to be used by said Clearing House to facilitate tbe settlement of balances. , . .... Resolved, That we cease redeeming out bills at any point out of this State, on and after ■■ —■ Raleigh AfiD Gaston Kaieroad.— The stock holders of the Raleigh aud Gaston N C. Railroad, mat at Raleigh, N C , Friday. The annual report abows that the earnings ter the fiscal year eudiog 30th September, 1857, were $206,916 59 —of which tnere was derived trom freight $128,419.58 ; from passengers $68,597.01 ; and from mail transporta tion, $9,900. The current expenses for the same pe riod were $98,375.35 —leaving a balance of SIOB,- 041.24, or more than eleven per cent, on the capital stock, and exceeding by forty per oent. the net pro fit of last year; showing an increase iu the business operations ot the Company during that period of more than eighteen pet cent. A dividend of six per cent, was declared. Thi Shoe Business in Natick Some of onr shoe manufacturers have again commenced to give out stock, bat we presume that but few, if any, will ?;ive employment to a great number, for at lewt wo mouths. Large numbers of our young men ooutiuue to leave town dally, for their homes b) Main and New Hampshire.— Natick Observer,
