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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 183?-1864 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 6, 1863)
BY N. S. MORSE. Cymric & Sentinel TERMS. THE WEEKLY CHRONICLE Ao SENTINEL Published Every TEMSIMV, AT THftKB IM)I<LARfc I Kll ANN M tI.W,tYS IN ADVANCE, for Weekly Adtorlltfuic.uu Ordinauv Advertisements, published out* a woek, in Duoi Weekly, st-vsn and a hay cmfs per line, for each insertion. Spbcial Notices, left teals per tine for the first nsertion, and ctnls per line for each subse | u ant insertion. Displayed Aoviutisae«»T», On esnts per tine or each insertion. sf arriauss. Deaths and Funeral Not. is, A/ty sols each. Obituaries, ten cents net ..ne. finrnildi’t Otfl'lil Report. Muruvid ffi-.i! «..Aut of tliu let.- a.oual i at Fredericksburg is published in the Herald and is characterized by Hint paper us a “curious docu ment, which evidences the peuM oatly cf the w ri • t*r’a nature with n.oro force ilian itdocabisju.ig ment as a military commander.” We annex Burnside** account * Hdqr’r or TtiK Altar or the Potomac, ( Falmouth, Dec. 19, 18fl2. f May Gen. It. W Hslleclt, 1 enernl in Cliiet U. B. Army, Washington: General I have the honor to offer the follow ing reasons for moving the Army of the Potomac across the Rappahannock sooner than was antici pated hr the I'resident, Secret ry of War. or yourself, unit for crossing at a point dill jrent from the one indicated t» you at our lust meeting at the President's: During my preparations for crossing ut tho place I had t> •■■■". selected 1 discovered that tho oiieiny had Ifiiowu a large portion of his force down tli ! river and elsewhere, t os weakening his <lolenc in n front, and also thought I discov 'red that he did net anticipate the crossing ol our whole force at Fredericksburg , and 1 hoped, by rapidly thr .wing the whole command over ut that p'acto sepal ut , hy a vigorous attack, the farces ol the enemy ou tho river below from tho forces behind and on (he crest, in the rrar of die town, in which case i*e could fight him with g.oal id vantage in our fuvnr. To do this wo had to gain a height ou tin ex t' rule right of the ciesi, which height command 'd anew road im. ly made by the enemy for pnr p s. h ill ntnr.i rapid communication ulong h s hues, which point gained, In i position along the cl eat would have been scarcely teuublu, and ho e mid have boon driven from thorn easily by an attack ou his front in connection with a more umnl in the roar of tho crest. How near we camo to accomplishing our ob loct 1 n*r.ro report will allow But for the ami unnipv.tod ami unavoidable delay in buildiug the bn Ins, wlijoli guvo the enomy twenty four hours more to concentrate h:N lotcea in his strong positions, wo would al in out certainly have sue c :odoiT, in w hich case the battle would have been, in my opinion, fur more decisive than if we had crossed at the pine : lirst Hid acted. As it was, we cij.'iio Tiry near success. *Ailitii* in accomplishing the main object, we la mum i| in order ot battle two days -long enough to deckle that the enemy would not come out of ids strongholds to light mi with his infantry- at ter which wo rtoron-i .1 to this side ofthe rivet un uiolesttd, without Hie loss of men or property. Ah the day broke our long liuoa of troops were seen lurching to their different positions as 1 1 goir i o'! parado Mot the least demoraliz itiou or disorganixatiun exulted. t'o the bravo oliiaeia and soldiers who ucejm phsbi'il t in teat of thus recrossing the river in the la in ol tbo enemy, I owe rytlnug. For Hie I ail ure in the uttack, 1 am responsible, s the extreme gallantry, courage and endur niK.e shown by tin in vvi i o never exceeded, and would I) ;.vij carried the point, hud it boon pos- To the 'aniiliui and IrienJii of the dead, I can oily utter m) heartfelt sympathy ~ but for the wounded, 1 can otter my earuest prayers for their comfortable and lino! recovery. The loot Unit I decided to move fimu Warren - sou on to this line, nUbtr ngainet the opinion of « President, Seorotary of Wui und ymuself, yc.l that yon left the whole movem.nt in my bauds, wwxinit giving mo orders, makes me res ponsible I wiii visit you very Boop and give you more definite information, and, linully, will send you my detailed report, in winch a special ackuowl edgetceui will be made ol tin rerviee ol the cl if ler.-ut grand division corps and inv goneral and stall' department o the army ot the Potomac, to whom 1 ain so much indebted tor their support and hearty co-operation. 1 will add herd that the movuineut wus aiude earlier than you expected, and alter the President, Secretary, and yrurseP, requested uie not he in haste, for the reason that wo were supplied much HO oner by the different staff departments than we auucipated when 1 last saw you. Our Kilted nuiouule lolliVi; our wouuded 1o about 9000; und our pnsouera to about 700 ; which last have been pealed amt exchanged tor a' out he Heine number taken by us. i'iie wounded were all removed to Iffis side of ihe river, and are L lug we 1 cored tor, und the duud were all buried under u g ig of truca. Ibo surgeons report ft much larger proportion cl blight wi uudu lhau usual, 1682 ouly being treated in hospitals. 1 am glad to represent the army at present time in good condition. Thanking ibo gov. mm ut for that entire sup port and coutideucc which l buve always received trom them, t r» main, Ueuoral, Very respectfully, Your cbedteni servant, A. K. Burnside, Juj. Ueu. Com'g Army of the Potomac Federal* Moving upon Columbus A friend who left Okalona on Monday evening brings us important intelligence of the movements of the i edeta'i forces southward along the line of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. On Sundry eveuiug a t tree its strength unknown, occupied fur the night ,wo miles west of Saltillo. On Monday ut eleven o'clock u tu . Pontotoc was occupied. On Monday afternoon. betw< eu throe und lour o clock, a cav ui v ui'cei about three thousand strong, made its niicarauco it 0. euawali Station, twonty-ove miles north ol Auesia, jußt as the Iralu from the .'Vrth arrived. Iho iru*n whs tilled will: Indies, etc Seeing Horn above, and the enemy, aa he , . ..,' 0 u ., commence.l tmrniug :» iiue within tweu .y x!t)V ’.,f the engine, und tiring at the engine and train. ... . The engineer, in icflfv to » taunt trom one ol the enemy r, plied. •• ff.- away, ' and eoiumeneed moving wuu his timu. Ilia head ot steam was so small, that but es» was made, but the ~v ,-J ll.n puPsue, uud the Ha n proceeded , 'it crossed » r “■’ lulls viulli ,>f the sla- j K , w hare it halted until s' am could be raised, tv, o»rs. three passenger uud two Height, were abandoned. \\ bile {he train was waiting, a dense ko was seen to arise trom the depot, and the impression was that i*. had been tired. The plat form was covered with the baggage of parties who had to. lake the train south, till of which was left behind The e.e ips of the train waa alone due to the l> ddness and prereacu of mtnd ot the engineer, • whose cendue! was mi h ghly appreciated by me passengers that a parse of one hundred dollars was raised and presented him, accompanied by the thanks ot those who hud escaped Uur informant thinks the t iroes at the points named were perhaps over estimated, but is of opinion trom all the inf rmutsan ho conlit obtain that the desio.ua ot the enemy were against Co lumbus, and ihe preparations ot u formidable character This raid should be attended to. Ainisai, 17 tA. Srr ssn alt. Jackson's Habits,— Tbe Richmond correspond :ni 'tit t”. irlestou Merc ary the aauexcu m-n'iiut i-» St. uva'al: Jackson « Hub it*: On tbe S iudtty r.igbt oiler tie battle ot Fredertckburg a friend of Old Stonewall, Invited to share his tout, turned in u'ouii’. 11, and wron ged np »nugly in itie blankets. At 1, o'clock Jsok tan entered, and just as he waa, bran new uniform, boots, spuTs and all, pitchtd ipto the pallet, was buoriug in 15 nnuuies, and iu 15 more bad rol'jasu bis friend of all the blankets. Altera bard strug gle this irient managed to gel back enough cover to keep him from (reeling—the night was cold — and slept, us be supposed, five minutes. He was arouse! by Jsekson, wbo sprang up, divested himself of every particle ot raiment, opened the door of bis tent, and went forth in funt ruUura- Mut, He called for his old negro man—lhe earns wbo knows when s battle is going to come off, i,y the fervor ol his master's prayers—and made b’l n dash over him two large bnckets ot water, ' which badbeenslauding in thefreeiing air. This dene, £*l '■ etorned to the leut, nibbed himsalf dry with a ooarse towel, donned bis new uniform, and went out to attend to the disposition ol his torces, fully expecting tbs attack-to begin at day-break, it ws* then jusi halt-past three , about 7 o’clock Jackson woke up h(s tuend, and told him to come to breakfast, the Mnkees w*re clean gone.'' A Vivid Picture ut Butler’s rule In New Orleans-—HI* Horrid acts es Tyranny, Even the Tankeea are beginning to blush with shame at the infamy of Butler and his grinding tyranny over the city cf New Orleans. The New York World publishes an interesting statement of "the Union cause in New Orleans,” which gives some startling pictures of Butler rule. The state meal is derived (rom a gentleman jast from that city. We give some extracts from it: A great portion of the leading people of tee city, who were not un'avorably disposed towards the Federal Government and who would have rendered efficient aid to th-* Union cause uudtr other circumstance, have been almost hopelessly alienated by the despotic, corrupt, speculative course pursued by the United Skates officers in that city. He says General Builer is thoroughly and intensely hatei by the people of the place, ami that the Federal troops there, with the excep tion, perhaps, of a favo red New England regi meat, detest him. It is a source of wonder to many why, surrounded as be is by so many des perate and reekless sympathizers with the rebel lion, and considering tho many bitter foes he must have made hy b.s arbitrary meaiures, there has been no attempt against the peraonal salety of General Butior. Our informant says w icn going to Ins olhce ho used to pass fro n his house to bis carriage between a hie of soldiers, then two soldiers would mount the driver’s seat with lead ed Minis rides and wilh pistols, und then the car riage is drivon surrounded by a troop of'DGrse un n, two deep, to bis office, Laterly he res.des nearer bis office, and walks to it through a hie ol . oldiera Wherever ha goes ho is guarded, aad be is never seen where an assult could well be made upon or a shot bred at him Our lulormant states that the system ot specu lation carried ou by parties connected with Gen eral Duller is bfirdly crediole. Tho supreme power of General Butter ovor the libert es and property of the people is used daily and grossly to enable those connected with him to accumulate wealth. It was stated that cn a certain occasion Butler, having previously notided the Union Hunters that their sugar and cotton would >e sold lor them by the Government, nuncum-ed an auction lor selling a large quantity of sugar that had been sent down ihe liver. A day or two before the sale, however, General Bulier issued an order ihat he would ouly allow United States currency to be paid as purchase money, and as a consequence, green backs went to fifteen or six teen per cent, premium, uud the whole lot ol sugar—about tighieen hundred hogsheads—was bid off by Butler A Uo., a firm having lor its head a brother of General Butler, and credited to tho United Stales Government ou their books. The planters were informed that on proving them selves Union men they would receive their pay at the close of the war from the United fStalea Gov eminent. Iu such truuH.iotions, 100, u Lfostun man is paid five p■:r cent, tor selliug the commodities. It was said on good authority that Butler A Uo., have credited to the Uulled Slates about two millions ol dollars as luc proputds of coolLeiteil property which has ho ii Hold to tliu credit of the govern incut. Iu other words, General Butler, ou behalf of tho government, bus chuiged Butler A Ob., with goods lo thul value of cuullscaUd property belonging lo the government. Ut-nerul Butler Hells for ihe governmest, and Butler A Go. buy lur themselves. It wus intimated by the people generally that if th£t amount wus charged to them, there had probably b rew a good deal mole delivered. Du Oja occasion, it.» stated, Butler A Go. bought up ull the liquors they could iu New Orleans. They were five or six days making their purchases,(ami wheu they had concluded them General liutl r issued au order forbiddiug uny lurthei manufacturing oMlunor in that de partment, aud a lew days after issued uu order loibidding any officer to driek liquor at uny pub lic room iu the cily ou penalty ot being recom mended to tne War Department to be discharged. Liquor of 1 11 kinds consequently wont up to a high figure, uud it wus a v> l) gratifying operation for Butler A Go. An instance is mentioned ot a citizen of New Orleans who went up the river and relumed with about sixty live hogsheads of sugar, » hull Lie had bought. On ns unival General Butler seized it,.sold it ou the levee, und credited it to the Government. Ih« owner was Informed ihai it he could prove that he bought the sugar of Oiiiou men, ho could get his pay from the It i.tod States for it. The United .States officers, it is slated, taka any residence in the city for which they conceive a fancy. One day Genera! Duller, in looking for a house, went to one ot the most pulatiul private residences in the city uud auaouuccd his iuten tiou, us he was very much pleased with It and wub the furniture, ol appropriating it to his own use. The owner, however, objected, aud proved bimseif uot to he a citizen of the United States, hot a Frenchman, wh ch fortunate fact saved him his house, so General Duller went Ik u to a residence he had previously seen aud took his apartments theru, toiling the lady living there, wheushe protested uud asked where the should go, that she aught occupy the negro quarters if she liked. There are four negro regiments being raised, und u tilth in process ot formation All the negroes consider themselves free, whether be longing to rebels or Union men, und, as a con sequence, nro rather vain of their privileges and qattc huuty. There ure many tine crops of sugar cane in the vicinity which cannot be gathered on account of the waut ol negroes and mules to do the work The males nave also been taken for inilitary work,«Bd besides this tbo people are disheartened und reckless o', their property. Tr.ey pert'er it to be destroyed than to go into Butlers hands. There is uo planting o! eotton ciopa t is year. Men owning property in New Orl.uus would rather see it burnt than to sre it robbed lro.ii them us well us from the Govern- ment. A man who was sick of consumption, it is stated, was informed ot by one of bis uegro women as having money, valuables and arms in his posses sion, and the soldiers eamo there and searched the house. The man was angry ut the slave wo man, and calling her up gave her two or three blow* with a whip 05 he ;ay tu bed, »iek. The woman theu went und bruised herself, and told a pitttlu tale to Butler of a terrible whipping she had received, showing her bruises. The siek uiuu was brought before General Butler to under go investigation ot this charge. His wife swore lout her husband ouly struck the woman two or three blows, which could only have been feeble ones, on account bl bis being almost at the point of deutb with consumption, and that the marks ou tb« womau's body were not caused by that whipping. Genera! Butler, after bearing the jjtory said, “ Madam, you urea liar," and ordered the uina to be imprisoned in Fort Jackson, or give #20,000 bad General Davie, lakiug pity on him, went his bail for #20,000. The month, or two months, ter which the bail was given, hav ing expired, General Davis failing to proouro any mercy, although representing that the maa was ut the point ot death, went his bail a second time, and one week after Ihesecoud bull was given the inau died. A 3CUU4 man nbo fad been in the custom louse was oalltd before General Butler, ou account ot information that bis wile bad a great deal of pro perty secreted. He was asked as to bis own uad wile’s property. He answer, ias to his own pro purlv, hut stated thul bed and not kaow how uiucb money his wit* hud Whereas Butler was angry, at J otdered the young man imprisoned and fid on bread and water. The young man protested that be never interfind with bis wife's property, and did not kiiow bow mueh money she bad, but with out effect. W'beu our informant left New Orleans be was still confined, although be has asked sev eral times to be tried, er to have the charges against him stated. Butler.it was resorted, said that he was imprisoned for bis impoAoaee. The sixth Michigan regiment is stationed ut the Parapets, about seveu miles from tbe city, is a swamp between two filthy bayous. Tbev are dy ing off regularly with sw-tup fever. The regi ment, wheu it left Baltimore for PN»ip lslaa«, uuuubertd one thousand aud torty, aud they now muster torac.ual doty ulv about two hundred aud ti IV. Gompauy 0, which first numbered one hundred and twenty six meu, now musters about sixteen. They lost a tew men at Baton Rouge, but the great bulk of deficiency us attributable io sick i e‘S Tbe officers and physicians huve besought Geneial Butler to reim-ve them from this piaoeto somo more healthy location—anywhere, out of the swamp ,but with uu effect. So the hospitals oonisn ue lull and the huiialsgo on daily. The ceu during a wet time have to raise the floors of their teuie a loot from the groued to keep them out of the water. Uillv Wilson's Zouaves have now been added to the force guaiding New Orleans, but it requires double their own numbers to guard them. They auiiiM ,h. i’iselves by fighting u good deal. Hut to return to General Butler’s rule, instances are meutionad of his operations of as equally question ble ebaraeter with those mentioned ii tbit article, to state whith weald oeoupy eelamns. We merely give a few samples by way of pleasant reading to American eitixens. Lseollmskt or m ilitia Ovncs s.—For the in lormation of those interested, we are requested to state that the Governor had agreed to leave the question of the enrollment of the militia officers of tills State nnder the conniption act, to ths State Legislature, bat that body adjerned without mak ing any disposit on of the question The Govern or has demanded of the Secretory of War to know whether he has given any order for their enroll ment, or has revoked or changed the order given to Major Pnnwoody which exempted them from enrollment. The Secretary replies, that Ihe or der to Major Punwoody on that subject, has not been changed—JfiTpedyeHJfs LSti&m. There ie s under Milroy, at Woodstoek, twenty five miles Southwest of I Winchester. , ~ , Major Jasper S. Whiting, ot Louisiana, diad of fever in Richmond, Dec. is. AUGUSTA, GA., TUESDAY MORNIIi, XU All Y fi, 1863. I Ipeeell es Pfe»iaentD»vtv. i On Fridsy last President Davis by invitation I addressed tho citinna of Jackson, Mus., and the Legislature of that state. The Pttsid mt’* speech cocopied about one hour and a ball in delivery, and was * nthusiastically received As the opin ions of :be President are looked for with eager ’ interest, we make some extructs from a brief synopsis we find iu the Mississippiun. He coromeaced by stain g that two years ago he bad been called to fill a position the duties of which had wc upied alibis time, leaving him no opportunity to mmgle with his friends of Missis sippi or share personally in the dangers that menaced them Ba‘, wherever he might be — wherever duly corn l anded him to stay —bia heart war with us, and the gaccess of the common cause (or which we were alt balding was first in his thoughts, first in his prayers, and the safety and promotion of waioh should be the object of his constant endeavor. Wben he left Mississippi two years ago he thought his absence would be only temporary—that he would soon return and 'lead her heroic sons to battle is defense ol their dear est rights—a task which he thought wou'd have been more congenial to h : s tastes and better suit ad to his capacities, tbau the one to which he had been assigned. Although in the discharge of his responsibilities as President of the Confederate State?, be had determined to kuow no State, yet his heart b at with livelier pulse for Mississippi, und he looked upon Mississippi soldiers with a pride and emotion which no others inspired. The Pres dent spoke of bis love for the old Un ion. He alluded to it, however, as a matter of regret, that tho best affection? of hia heart should have been-bestowed upo i an object so unworthy— that ho should have loved so long a government which was rolton to its very core. lie had predicted from the beginning a tierce war, ibougti it had assumed more gigantic pro portions than he had culculatel upon He had predicted war, not because cur right to secede was not an undoubted one, and clearly defined in Ihe spirit of that.decluration which rests the right to govern upon the consent of tho governed, but the wickedner.3 of the North would entail war upon the country. Tee present war wuged against the rights of a free people was unjust and the fruit of evil passions of the North. In the progress of the war those evil passions have beon brought out and developed and so fur from re-uniting with such a people -a people whose descendants Cromwell had gathertd from the bog i and fens of-Ireland and Scotland—a people whose intolerance pro duced discord and trouble wherever they went— who persecuted Catholics, Episcopalians, and every other sect that did uot subscribe to their big oted and contracted notions—who long witches, and did a thousand other things calculated to make them forever infamous—the President was em phatic in his declaration that under no ciruum stances would he coustpt io re union. tie drew a glowing picture of the horrors of War, and tho lavages ol the enemy; and while his tears flowed (or thosr who Hollered, yet all these would bo endured, cbeerlully, bofure our manhood aud our liberties would be aurreudeied. CONSCRIPTION anu EXEMPTION LAWS. lie alluded to the conscription uud exemption laws of Gongross, explavniug the nep salty of the ouo aud tho iatoution of the other. Was sorry to perceive that thr re had been a false construction upon the first of these laws. There was no dis honor in being conscripted. 'The Government had in much right to make laws requiring the services of its citizens iu the army, as to compel them lo work public roads or to pay taxes. The object ot that portion qf the exemption law which exempted the owner, agent or oversrer of twenty negroes, was not intended to draw any distinction whatever belwsou classes No benefit was intend ed t> the rich from it. It wus simply to provide a police force which Caugresa thought necessury, aud to faoilitate the agricultural productions of the country to supply the wants of both the poor people and the army. Any law intended to bear unfairly upon the poor, events a feather's weight, would qever have received his signature. “The poor hive fought qur battles.” says the Pfdsi deat, ‘ and so have tho rich.” The poor in ail revolutions are the main slay and props of the country. Bat while the poor have nobly done their duty, we have no cause to complum of the rich. All have done well, and many of the wealth iest uud most oistinguishod families in the South have sons in the ranks. He isstauced Hou. Israel Welsh, and others, who had fought as privates iu the bioodiest engagements of the war. He thought there might be very properly a revision ol the ex emplion law, and trusted there would be no con flict between Gonfederato and Slate lawsupou the subject of the military. That there Bhould be no war with States ; and if uuy State chose to iDflict n blow upon the oommon cause by enacting con flicting military laws, he hoped that Mississippi would b ) the last to adopt sue. a suiwrdi»l TUB ItBAL DAN OB It. * The Fre-ideul ruinarked that when he arrived here he thought the enemy were pressing down upon us from the Northern holders of our State, but wheu he went to Grenada he there learned that notbiav could be soon of them, but their backs. They were going buck, perhaps with ihe inteotio i of reinforcing the heavy column that was now being thrown down the Mississippi river; The real peiots ol attack was at Vicksburg and Fort Hudson: and to all who desired to lend a helping hand to the country in bar present exi gency he would gay, "Go to Port Hudson and Vicksburg without delay!” NECESSITY OF HARMONY PERMANENT MILITARY SYSTEM. tie spoke of the salutary effects of harmonious action between the several States and the govern ment at Richmond, aid urged upon legislators, both State and Confederate, the necessity of establishing a permanent military system, fer even alter the present war was ended we might expect trouble from our enemies unless our mili tary establishment wus ot such character us to give them a wholesome fear of precipitating a war upon us. The truo theory was to adopt a military system which would bo permanent and operative in t mes ol peace. A6VIRBIONB OF TBS ADMINISTRATION. The President alluded very briifly to the false hoods which had been circolated relative lo the administration, which he could not disprove, be cause such digproi al would give the enemy a know ledge of things which the good ofthe cause re quired to be concealed from him. That he bad o imuiiUed some errors ho did not doubt, though they were never the result of improper motives. For a vindication of himself from the aspersions of gomo of his fellow citixens, he confidently await ed the time whoa the causa would not suffer from such Tiudieat.oD. lie, however, explained the great necessity cf public confidence in the offioers of the government, and pointed to that great and good man, Gen. Albert Sidney Johnson, ns a shin ies example of the ill effects of withholding that deserved confidence which the public welfare re quire. DURATION OF THE WAR. Though tbe war hud somewhat exceeded his expectatinos.jyet he never doubled our final suc cess, aid he considered it bow as absolutely cer tain. The duration ot the war was a question of time. Uo thought however, it was not possible for a war waged upon such a tremendous scale, to be long protracted. Btit long or short, how ever, wc could not bo the first lo cry "hold enough " Froiu tlie Week. The lute uttsclf of Gen. Van Dorn on the Fed orals at Holly Springs, Miss , was a wrest sue cess. The Federal prisoners taken numbered about seventeen hundred, and the stores destroy ed were of immense value —none of the estimates placing the Federal loss at less than a million and a bait of dollars. Several railroad trains, and all the shipping facilities found, were also destroyed. So unexpected was the appearance of our forces that but tittle resistance was offer ed, and our lose was comparatively nothing. Van Horn destroyed all that tell into bis hands. Uisstated Ibat Van Pjid, alter bis successful attack on Holly Springs, made a dash at Grand Junction, twenty miles distant: frem which as well os ether poiuts above like glorious news may be daily looked far. The Federala are lay mg waste some of the plantations on the Yaxoo river. Our sharpshooters on the river bank u the West are doing good service. They secrete ibem nelves in the woods and amuse themselved by killing the Federate, and the Foderals in return shell the woods without any damage to us. We ure decidedly the winners in Ibis game —sure. Jeff Thompson, tho lamous partisin fighter has turned up again He reported to General Holmes the olher day, that he bad captured seventy thousand debars worth ol Yankee plunder and ■ent him a large lot of nhoes for hi* soldiers.— He «u at the bead of three thousand men, and said to tho General ; 4 ’l want to be let alone and have no ordere.” The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus has been suspended by proclamation of Ire /.dent Pavia in Vicksburg and the country within ten mile* of the erty. q TiT * Gov*RitOß*.-Th* following is a list of the Governor* of the thirteen States, composing the Confederate Btaves of America : Alabama, J. G. Shorter; Arkansas, H. Finne gan- Florida, John Milton; Georgia, Joseph S. Brown: lentucky, Richard Hawee; Lommana, Thomas O. Moore , Mississippi, John J.F*w*; Missouri, O. F. Jackson ; North Carolina, Zebe. B. Vance; South Carolina, M. L. Bonham ; Tennes see, Isham G. Harri*; Texas, F. R. Lubbook ; Virginia, John Letcher. The Mississippi river ws* ri»ing rapidly at Vicksburg. Dm. Mth. (£|nmtclc He dentil - -■ ■ 1 1 pra AUGUSTA, GA.. \ tllSllDtt MORNING, JANUARY «, ISIS New Partlvs. It was the boast, and has proved the r of the South that wheu her danger became im mineut and Lincoln’s designs ot subjugation he ctare devoioeed oiJ party lines were instantly obliterated and her whole p ople became roused with one mind and os oue man to resistance. No questions of men or of measures longer divided them. Men forgot the political enmities of years and ranked teemscives side by side with eidpoliti cal foes. To this fusion of the population into one mas3 much, if not all of the astonishing suc cess of this revolution tuuy be ascribed. There were none to criticise the acts ol leaders-none to placff obstacles in their way. But there are sigus that tho iusion thus happi ly effveted is beginning to separata into its ale meats, and each hr already cryala'izing about some partioutar nucleus, The once unanameus mass is no longer of oue mind, but mao after man and section after section are ranging themselves under o lFirent party banners and selecting differ ent leaders Tho materials for new parties for and against the administration ot Pr sideut Davis are rapidly growing and baldening into substan tiality We bear daily the President opeiily aud violently denounced by men whom the people are accustomed to regard as guides. Wo see his measures impodod un i resided by those whose Zealous aid a patriotic capable and unselfish President would have the right to expect. Wheth er ail this is justfowards the President, it does not c jiue within the scope of our present pur pose to affirm or deuy. Few men conversant with the newspapers are not aware that new parties are in a state of organi zation. Those wha need evideuce of the fact are oited to recent occurrences botn in our own State and in North Carolina. In the lalUr State the indications are even more umnisflkable than in Georgia, but in both the signs are so plain that he who runs may read tbit a powerful opposition to tho administration of President Davis is in the oourse of organization. This opposition are as taitblul to the cause of the Confederacy as the President himself—lbeir fidelity to tho great oh jects ot the revolution is not to be impugned, aud they will have the difficult course to steer between opposing the President, aud iiimed ug the march of the revolution towards the consummation for which it has been inaugurated. We think tho path to be travelled is too narrow to be safe. We are not qf Ihe number of those who wholly deprecate the existence of political parties in a country already free, independent and prosperous. They are necessary to the preserva tion of freedom and the purity of government. We would have the people go equally divided into par ties, that mother couid maintain its hold on power alter it hud become corrupt and vitiated by unin terrupted success. But it isquestionable whether our lime has come for the formation of parties. Our prospects of peace and independence arc im proving, but our revolution has not yet achieved lu'l supoess, our nation Is yet bd embryo -not yet grown to its full stature, necessity for uuu uiinily aud concord id as gieat now as ever, and we do not well wheu we do aught tending to sever the great ma3S of the people iuto wrangling fac tions, before the common enemy is driven from the field und his forces discomfited beyond re covery. We should think it most judicious not to notice Ihe dissections that are beginuiug to prevail among our lately auited people, but they appear to be increaaing’auJ words ure becoming deeds complaints and threats are developing themselves in acts. After having waded nearly through the bloody mire ottbis war, it is intolerable AU»Vw® should be made to retr.igra e by our own friends when in sight of firm auJ sale ground—it' is fool ish lo risk ullthj advantages gained at so much cost, by strife among ourselves. There may be corruptions in the administration, let us punish the corrupt at a more opportune searon--them may huve been mistakes made by high officials, let us make allowances for them by considering the mighty tasks they have had to perform—there may have been invasions of State and private rights, there is no need silently to submit to them, we may not let them pass unnoticed cgpeeihlly when plainly unnecessary, hut while complaining we may acquiesce patiently and demaud redress at the proper season. If the Confederate Government has not done all we would have had it do, let ns endeavor to assure ourselves that it has doae what it could and confess that it has done astonishingly well if its behests have not come to us through the most regular channel—if the Admiral of the fleet has seemed to ignore the Captain of our own particular Ship of State, let us not be captiously punctilious aud refuse obedience, when in obe dience lies our commou safety. The time is coming when we ray salely form politic J par ties and revel in all our former j >ys of canvass ing, candidacy, elections aud stump speaking— when we may luxuriate again in self-laudation and in vilifying our opponents, let us defer till that bhsslul time the formation ot political par ties Jiffsrencb of Ofinion. —Lincoln in his annual sage boasls (hat the credit of the Federal Gov ernment has been tally maintained. His special and personal organ, the New York Herald, howev er, inftm appeal to Congress ou the 3th, aays "Now that the Secretary of the Treasury has made his official statement, it is the duty of Con gress to take up the question ol our finances without delay. They are in a very deranged and disorguuixed condition, and something must be done immediately if the national credit is to be saved from utter rum. The currency is deprecia ted to the great injury of the industrial classes of the community, who have to pay inflated prices in the ratio of the depreciation. The credit of the Government is impaired at home and abroad, and the troops in the field are unpaid and discon tented." There is a slight difference of opinion here— on a very vital question also. Although the Herald is seldom guilty of telling the truth, we think it has done so this time. The New Vork conespondeut of tho London Times speaks at the bad condition the Federal bnances ure in ; and many of the Northern papers are beginning to hint that something has got to be done iu Mr. Chase’s department, or there soon will be a col lapse of some kind, ft is very evident that the money machiue of Lincoln's Government is dot moving ou smoothly and satisfactorily, and is feet gettiug worse instead of better. Although it may be ran tor slime longer, it is certain to brer.* down eventually. When the crash does come, it will be a terrible one, md the Northern Govern ment, with most of the business portion of the community in that section, will be plunged into irretrievable bankruptcy. Then will the North ern people themselves experience the financial ruin and distress they are madly endeavoring to force upon ths South. Th Lat* Carr K.me.—The Richmond Biacti ner, in Its article on “Casualties,” gives the fol lowing portiowlsri of the death of thia gallant young officer: : “Among the losses of conspicuous per worth, we are pained to notice that of a ait' Mr. T.’ Butler ting, of Georgia. We leal; this brave young officer was serving on th of Gen. MeLaws in Saturday's battle. ] charged to earry an order, the direction 7 took aim immediately into the Ire of the On hi* penlou* mission h* dashed f station of our artillery down the MIL had advanced but a little way, who piereed hr balls. He moat have her mark to fie enemy, for hi* body wss by five balls, one of which would mortal, sinee i' passed th rough hi^ ygr At a late election in Bnffolk bar to th* Federal Congroea, forty r polled, of which a man named Cos or six and was Mooted. A Kiolculuu* BeabM'k. ong statement:nun one J W. Greene appeals Chicago Times, aad as b>eu extensively { in Southern papers, which is one qf the it and most barefaced attempts atimposi ■ at has fallen *o our lot to witness o! late ItTiears so many marks of fa’sebood upon J that it is astonishing lliat it ha ? met with * ,-a teutioa, enapt from those parties at the Whose designs would be subserved, could pie be made to believe it.; ease was a journeyman tinner, or j’panner, •ee shop of Mr. Dunla , a dealef in tin ware, brass r Ac , in Pittsburg, end the s m c f his story is, that while no.’king at his trade, be was sent for by President Davis to come to Richmond. He accord sgly went, and was made the bearer of prop .paitioitvof peace between the Confederacy and the United tjtate?, and a restoration of the Uniou These wete the propositions : 1. A general aad unconditional amnesty of all political oiieGders ugaiost tho Federal Govern m nt, such as would p ! aco them in the condition they occupied befoie the commencement of hos tilities. as it iesp tied their immunities, right?, aud print ges. 2 The resturuticu ol all fugitive slaves within thecoutic! of the Federal Goverumect; and a guarantee that the General Gov,runient will give the entire weight cl its inttuence and authority in carrying oat t. e proviso sos the fugitive slave hw, io t'is Aocoviry of those fugitive slaves who may have pasetd beyond the immediate control of the Government. 3. That (neb of the contending parties shall be held responsible only for the debt incurred by it, iu the same manner us if they had been recog nized and independent powcr%. Upon Greene’s return from Richmond he laid this ptopesition before Lincoln and his Cabinet on the eighteenth cf last month (November.) So far as he pretends to know no conclusion was arrived at by Linciln or his Cabinet. There are so many marks of falsehood on the face of Greene’s statement that we cannot suppose that any intelligent man North or South could place the least faith in it Apart Irorn the im probability that President Davis would make any such propositions, it is still more improbable that he should have chosen such au ambassador. Such an old triend as Greene professes to be ol President Davis, ought to have known that ha would not have used such language as he imputes to him in reference to Lincoln’s proclamation—to wit that ‘it would play hell with us.” There are other murks of falsehood which it is unnecessary to enumerate, us the intrinsic evidence is suffi - cient to -tamp the wuoleas u base fabrication. VVe see no harm that this production can effect except that it is calculated am) is probabjy de - signed to impair the confidence of onr own peo pie iu President Davis. Could it be believed that ho would cuter into such negotiations with the enemy in such a rnauSer he would justly be amenable to impeachment. Ths whole thing has been doubtless got up by the Chicago Times, which is, we believe gu organ of the so called peace party, as an electioneering trick -a bomb-shell to be thrown into the Lincoln camp. VVe used to have experience in former times (t tho lucility with which such foigeries were got up at the North for party purposes, and tho ease with which men were procured to swear falsely to their authenticity. It would be of uo man ner of importance to us were it sot that its state ments are injurious to the churaeterof Pres’t Davis if they should obtain oredeuce here, as to the desigued cfleU upon the Black Republican party Greene and the Times have our heartiest Wishes (or the success of their invention. » A Northern Opinion of General Butler.— Butlers infamous career stuce he has been com mander at New Orleans hits caused some ol the Northern papeis lately to speak out very plainiy concerning him. The New orlc World denoun ces the administration for not cashiering him, and shows him to be a disgrace to humanity. Re viewing Butler’s course in New Orleans the World says . "Tttorfl Amitm-iin journals so ignorafft of Vy bd-m list-praise the administration of General Butler at New Orleans. The fact is that he not only disgiuo'is the Uuion cause—ho disgraces civ ilization sod humanity itself He would be with ont apologists in Algiers He ought to be with out eu'Ofists in America. * * * We do uot mean to 'Uprccjito the sharpness of General But ler’s pec oi the cleverness ol his cqantng mind. Fettifoggers have found themselves surpassed in theft- own arts, gnd thieves could teach General Butler nothing which be did not.know. * * * * He has disgraced the army, lor the qrmy is honest; he has disgraced his Government, for his Government is yet great enough to be just; be has disgraced his country, for his nance bares the scorn of foreign enemies and justifies ihe severity offoreigu friends; ho has dishonored the chief magistrate, by preaching him to ministers of the Gospel as the subject of their compulsory prayers; he has dishonored the North by incarcerating overy mean and sordid characteristic which, false ly, Southern p-ssion hag ascribed to Northern phlsgm, by surrounding himself with men whose ill gotten gains, making dishonesty and loyalty profitable, cause disloyal honesty to seem re spectable by comparison ; La has disgraced his sex (or not ereu women have been exempt from his cruelty, hut like me: have been made to suffer as traitors for the self-respect of their intercourse with him as women ; if it is possible he has dis graced himself, fur the most subservient teol of southern men aud obsequious lauder of southern institutions has become their most assidious enemy, seeking a place for the heel ot power where mice he looked to lick the spittle of servil ty. Genmal Butler’a whole career is knowu to very many loyal men at the North, who blush in Silence and shame at the imbecility wiiieh tolerates him foi an instant in power. The administra ion presses will act wisely not to praise him. They should be thankful it their own silence secures nis immunity from public odium. Neilher they nor Mr, Lincoln can secure him against the infa my of nistoryj Federal Oppression.— A gentleman who bag rtcentiy been relieved from prison life at Camp Chase, and who is a citizen of Western Virginia, has furnished the It chrnond Dispatch one ofmuny ncidents in connection with the cruelty practiced by the Federal hirelings towards the loyal people in Northwestern Virginia: In the early part of last summer, a blacksmith, of Wood oouuty, named McGinnes, who was ius pected of sympathy with the Mouth, was arrested and taken to Wheeling. A short time previous to his arrest he had lost his wile, and thg o ilv re maining members of his family were two Lots, one Dine aud the other twelve years old. In the hope that his imprisonment would be of short dur ation, he requested that hia two children might accompany him, which was granted—it would seem ouly for the purpose of increasing his dis tress. When they arriv dat Wheeling, the w ole party, without examination, were thrown into prison-the father in one cell and the children in unotber, without the privilege of communicutmg with each other in any way. Alter remaining at Wheeling for several weeks, they were trunst.-i red to i amp Chase, where the same reien’.l-ss rigor was visited upon them. The most touching -.p peals of the little boys for permission to commun icate with their father, were disregarded, aud ihair repeated applications for an interview relused. Finally, from the exposure to which he was sub jected, and the harsh treatment received the lather died in prison, whilst the children were re - tained, and are still kept in confinement -clothed in rags and covered with tilth. No comment is needed ou facts ot this ind. They speak plainer and more forcibly than lan guage. They also show that our foes have lot t all feeliDgs of humanity. * Unknown Hsaogs.—The Richmond correspon dent of the Charleston Mercury, write* as follow* ecmeermng the unknown heroes of tho present yf;*r: "Bishop Elliott’s proposed monument to th* Unknown and Unrecorded Dead,’ suggest* th* nknown Hero**: which seldom fail* to come np i eonveigation about the war. I have lately card of three suoh heroes. At Cedar Run a olonel was seen leading his regiment in action upported by the arms of two of his men.— Wounded In the bresei, -and bleeding, he refused •o go to the rear. Gen Jackson made many efforts to find out the Dame of this Colonel, hot failed. He tried also, but in vain, to ascertain the name of a eolor hearer, who during this same bat tle, when his regiment was retreating, stood alone upon a little hill, taunting his lag at the enemy, until the men of his regiment, for very shame, rallied around him and held the ground. A third hero is a cavalry man, said tc be from Texas, who, unable to walk a step, carried a pair of crutches on horseback, and with them continued to perform all the arduous service required of him. Hts name I could not learn. At Manassas, saw a cavalryman with a wooden leg.” UNP\itALHia4a> KnokmiiY.—Two depoa.lions which circumstances o! one of the most infamous acts which our truly diabolical oe has ever perpetrated—have been sent to ihe War De partment la Richmond. They were forwi r Jed by our Generals in North Carolina, wLete the crime was committed. Tbo dep meats are Gaswell Woods and Elizabeth his wife, of tb : coiiotv of Craven. Mr. Woods is certified to by General Evans as being a “respentable citizen rnd loyal to our cause, which seems to be the only can its of the fiendish outrages by the savages.” It is also stated that be is a class leader in the Methodist Church. It is due to the civilised world and to outrrged humanity, that the facts stated in these depositions should bo-known, ana yet a'l of ‘hsm are too obscene to bs fully desa tbed in a in ivs,';;- per. The house of these quiet aud aged cit zens was visited ou the night of tha 2d of October, by two Yankee troopers uruisd with pistols a nl sa bres. Mr. Wood hail icliied to bed. VVe copy from tho Richmond Enquirer a portion of Ins de position : “ I came down stairs iu my night clothes. The front door had been burst open. Dae of the men had rode into the house ou his horse. The other walked in. The oue on the hors;, who appeared to be an officer, cemmeneed cursing me, and asked me where I was two days before Wheu I told him I was home, he said ' You lie, for you shot at me.’ ” Upon this pretence, they cut iho cord irom a bed in the room, said they would hang him, but filially tied him, took him out of the i,i use and lashed him to a tree, with the threat of ics aat dea h if he made any outcry or attempted to g ; t loose. They returned to the bouse aud locked Ihe door alter them, and the old man had the in expressible agony of listening lor the rest of the night to tho screams and doielul lamentations of his wife and daughter. The statement made by Mrs. Wood in her de position of what passed inside, is truly heart rending. The uuparalleld villains made tho poor helpless women not merely the victims of their brutal lust, but accompanied tho outrage, which is worse than death, with circumstances that mark them as the most abandoned of villains. With pistol in hand aud with threat of instant death, he deponent was required by oue of the beasts to divest hdiself of every particle of clothing. But this was almost Chi istiau treatment compared with other acts which may uot be related. While such were her owu sufferings, the shrieks of liar daughter in another room told that hers was a similar lute. About sunrise the next morning the human devils departed. It is with pain that such a sketch as the above is admitted luto our columns. But it is due to our own people and to the world Lhut the villainies of our enemies should be known. The Enquirer in some remarks about the depositions says : The depositions have beeu laid before ns with the suggeetiou endorsed thereon by tho Adjutant Ueubrui "that ho much of this account as is not too toul for publication should be given to the public, through the press, in order tliut the lighl eoua indignatiou o? our people, our Generals and our armies, may, under the Providence of God, visit a just retribution upon an enemy so (iend like.” Concurring in the propriety of the sugges tion, we have > cted accordingly. We are happy to say that General Gustavos W. Smith bus directed every effort to be made to cs cartain the names of the parlies, and to “demand their delivery tor trial and punishment.” We hope copies of the depositions have been forwarded to tho authorities of the enemy, i-inrely there are some, even am mg them, who would be horrified by such conduct. The vengeance of Heuven must ighl upon them uud their cause! Confederate Defences o ; the Mississippi.—A Into number ot the St. Louis Kepnbhcau in speak king of the Confederate defences on the Mississip pi river, says: “A few months ago Farragut, learning that it was tdie iutenliou of the Gonfderates to erect stroug butteries at Bayou Hara, La., above Baton Rouge, and fearing a blockade cf his vessels, withdrew and retired to New Orleans. Since then, use has been found for the Southern ll;et in the Gulf coast service, and the Gouledrates have beon left to do pretty much as they wished on the Mississippi between Vicksburg and lied river. The steamboats that ran up the latter stream aud the Yazoo on the approach cf our gunboats, have been brought out, aud for mouths have beeu in the carrying trade Irom Baton Rogue to Tallula, Miss., a distance of three hundred miles. •‘There is no doubt that strong work, built by • Um ,at>sl AdsUUwUwvgesgßsi«fesg*t*ii«r. It army, have becu erected between Vicksburg and Ihe extreme upper point on the Mississippi held ny the gunboats of Admiral Farragul’s fleet. One of the fortifications is at Port Hudson, and an other atTunici Bend. The most important of theoo is the hiimer --at il Pon_Hudson. Fort Hudson, is in East Feliciana parish. La-, though a place of but thiees hundred Inhabitants, has been one ol considera ble business, us in former years large amounts of cotton and sugar wore shipped from there. It is the terminus of the (Hinton and Port Hudson railroad—a little road that extends some twenty two miles, in a northeast direction, to Amite liv er. The town is situated on the White Cliffs, twenty-five miles above Baton Rouge, and fifty one miles below the mouth of Red river. The heviest batteries ure on Gibbons’ plantation, and command the narrowest point in the Mississippi river below St. Louis. The nature ofthe sur rounding couutry is peculiar. On the east s.de ofthe river there are, between Bayo Sara tnd Fort Hudson, (a distance of less than thirty miltfß,) half a dozen water sources, bayous and long swamps, while on the south sido Fort Hud - son is scarcely legs unapproachable from the rear. The enemy’s position cannot be attacked fiom the west side of The river. ‘ The'appearuueesare that the Confederates will endeavor to retain that part of Mississippi they now possess, to the end. The lower fortifications for the (protection of navigation on the Redriv er, which is of the greatest importance to the enemy. Large quantities oi supplies have gone forward to the Southern armies over this stream from Texas and ihe northern and central por tions of Louisiana. The beef cattle have nearly all been transported ®za Red river. Lately, too, that great desideratum in the Seuth, salt, has been found in largo quantities on this stream, and is now being taken off and distributed through Dixie at the rate, as we see it stated, of ten thou sand bushels a day. The Invasion of Texas.— The Marshall, Texas, Republican pronounces the much spoken of inva Sion of Texas a ruse and a humbug. It says : "Invade Texas, from what quarter? Not by the rivers, for there are none in Texas capable of floating a gunboat. We have bat tew railroads, and those few could be rendered useless to the en emy irt a day. Do they propose to invade us from the coast? If so, will they come th s winter, or postpone their visit till summer? We posesa an idle curi osity to know how many miles a Yankee army could Irave! iu a day, iu Winter or Spring, through that black mud ou the Texas coast, or how far it oouid go in Summer without water. Invasion in Summer is simply an impossibility, and in Win ter and Spring it would be attended with physical difficulties such as few armies have ever encoun tered, aud which would be immeasurably increased by tbo indomitable determination and heroism of a people inured to anus and accustomed to the saddle. Everything upon which an army could subsist would be driven into the interior. But suppose these difficulties suruiounied, and a Yan kee army should r<acb the interior, what then ? Texas is far Irom being defenseless. Bhe tiaß seventy thousand men and boys, over and under the conscript ago, who would rally in defense of her soil. Yankee communication *ith the coast would be speedily cut off, and the invader would be compelled either to retreat (if that should prove possible) or surrender. An invasion from the North or the East is equally impracticable." There is one thing certain, if Texas has sev auty thousand men and boys left'; no Federal army can muke much headway in endeavoring to advance into the interior. We trust that all that our Texas cotemporary Bays in regard to the defence of his state will prove correct. Bombasi.msnt os Poet Royal, Va.—A corres pondent of the Richmond Examiner, writing from Port Royal, Va., remarks thus : No outrage committad during the war i as been more barbarous and more cowardly than the bom. bardiueal of Port Royal. Tne enemy well knew that tke plaee was inhabited chjely by women and children. They could see them walking in the streets at the moment of the attack. No one Imagined that there was the least danger In a momeut, as suddenly as the lightning’s lash, the messengers of death were flying inxivery dir e tfon, and our destruction seemed inevitable. But the hand of Providence was stretched over us —not one of our cozens were killed or in jured. The Foderals in this case, as in numbers of others, paid no regard te the rules of civilized warfare. They appear to be willing to butcher defenceless women and children whenever op portunity offers. It does seem as if they are determined to excel the untutored savages in barbarities, if possible. The British and Foreign Bible Society have voted a credit of £*,'3oo in favor ot the Bible So ciety of the Confederate States VOL. LXXVII. —NEW SERIES VOL, XXVII. N0.77 FOB THE CHRONIC!.* AND SENT IN KI,. Slin’l We Supply Onr VYnnti ill the Future ? S nca by far the largest proportion of our wants are to be supplied by mechanical and manutac-■ turi-g labor, let us see what was their past cot:- d.tioa amongst u». Praise to their name and prolession, we have some—a few—goo Maud ac complished mechanics. But, aside from ihis mi nority, almost too small to form an exception, the very mention of Southern mechanics arrays be.ore the mind a motley group of unadulterated black and white cobblers, and jack-legs. The for mcrico dull, and never intended by the Almighty to learn an art, and the latter either half self taught, or those who, before they had mastered the rudiments of their profession, outgrew the wisdom aud authority of their preceptor, emanci pated themselves from his coutrol, opened shops by his siae, advertised to do as good work, and as cheap as any one In the city. I might here very properly introduce the subject of negro me chanics, but, as it is au important one, I prefer to discuss it in a separate article, at some future time, remarking, however, iu passing, that, in the opin ion of the writer, negroes should be confined to domestic and agricultural labor, aud employed in no other—that the time has arrived when such a tine oi policy should be adopted lor that class of our population is a preposition too clear to be disputed successfully ; but, without intending to say more about it nt present, though of material bearing. I pass on, with the remark that the ease aud lacdity wilh which persons are allowed to be employed as mechanics, at the ,South, was a first rate method to achieve individual independence. Ou the other hand, it has been a very ruinous system for the independence of the country. It has contributed more than anything else, perhaps, to bring about a dependent condition of affairs nrior to our secessiou. Iu fact nearly everything we required for com fort ns well as lor business, whether in our dwel lings or public edifices—or our farms or iu the shops of our artizana themselves, were either made at, and brought from the North, or some other portion of the world. It has long since be come it stereotyped complaint in our country “that \ve have no good mechanics.” If a fine build ing is to be put up or a bridge requiring skill or science in its structure, or a manager for a factory, or a boss workman for machine works, the architect or mechauic must be imported from the North to superintend and direct the work and business. We had none at the South competent to undertake it. So also if we wished to furnish our houses with elegant furniture, with rich carpets, with beauti ful engravings and books, or a choice piano to re verberate through its halis—a splendid carriage for the funnily—horse power or carls and wagons for the farm—iron fences and iron seats for the yard and garden—costly watches and fine jewelry, fashionable clothing lor either sex of the house hold—ull and far more than I have hastily men tioned must be brought from the North. Poor unfortunate oreatures such as we were, had n0 other alternative left, but to call on the North help us. Th jy were indeed a great people to be able thus to meet such heavy requisitions ou their capital and labor, at the same time to onriob themselves. The idea, that we possessed the native talent and means, or that it was ever possible for us to supply our own necessities—or that it would be respeoiabie and honorable for us to do it, if we could, never for a moment entered into our habits of thought. Far from it. I only state the case no words are needed to illustrate our condition. But perhaps it may be instructive, however, lor us to look over the catalogue of our wants aud see by whom they huve been supplied. We riso in the morning from a Northern mattrass, resting on a Northern bedstead and coverod with North ern sheets and quilts. We dress ourselves from head to foot in Northern raiment, including the buttons, buckles, clasps, tapes, hooks and eyes and pins. We wash ourselves—shall I say it in Southern water in a Northern bason—brought to us in a Northern pitcher, with the aid of North ern soap— wipe with a Northern towel and make our toilet witli the assistance of Northern combs, brush aad peifumery. Under a Northern um brella in summeFor a Northern overcoat in winter, we go to market iu Northern boots and return bringing iu a Northern basket Northern butter, cheese, potatoes, aud perhaps beef. We enter the kitchen and there we behold our Northern iood being prepared for dinner or breakfast in a Northern range and utensils and often with North ern cot',l, which we eat seated on Northern chairs from a Northern table, with Northern knives and forks and spoons. We drink the best sparkling champagne made of New York cider, und the very best brandy, warranted, warranted to be old cog nac, made in New York out of the meanest cut throat whiskey, in the moat incredible short space of time. From the dining room we go back to ths parlor, where on a Brussels carnet made in New England we stand surrounded Dy wortnem pic tures sold to us as geauiue productions of old masters—before a Northern grate and a Northern mantle piece. Now if we are disposed to ride out we do bo .either on a Northern saddle or in a Northern carriage, with Northern harness and trappings drawn by Northern horses, iedou North ern hay If we leave home we are conveyed to the depot in a Northern built omnibus, where we seat ourselves in near made in New Jersey, drawn by a locomotive made in Philadelphia, until we reach a Northern coach or steam boat, to finish our journey in our own State or Confederacy. I might extend this list ad infinitum, bull forbear —it is already long enough to produce the blush of shame en the face of every Southern reader. Surely in this mirror we could not recognize that free and independent people we have all along been boasting that wo were. On the contrary we must admit the items here charged against ns, are true and humiliating. I here allude to the fact with very great plea sure, that amid all our idleness and want of spirit in regard to this matter, some life and energy has been infused into our manufacturing enterprises. Bat little ns this may have been it was almost en tirely confined to our establishments for the making of fabrics from our own principul staple, "King Cotton,” and does not by any means even in that line supply the necessity ol our people. Yes, what have we been doing with respect to this very item of cotton g iode? We have been exporting the raw material to the North in North ern ships and for the benefit of Northern factors. We have paid Northern laborers for Its lubrica - tion and Northern meichants their oommissionß and Northern ships their freights for bringing back to us the manufactured article. All of which we had the best means and facilities for doing at home ourselves, if we only had the pa tience and industry to learn how—and could ever be convinced that it was not degrading to do it. That this condition of commercial and mechan ical dependence and vassalage to the Nortn or any other people for what we need, aud can make ourselves, must stop and be entirely abolished, if we expect to attain any thing more than a mere nominal independence, is a proposition too plain to be argued. If there wus anything needed to render the truth of the assertion, beyond the pos sibility ot denial, we think the privations, tncon venionoesand extreme straits, to which we have been driven, to supply our ordinary wants, com forts and necessities war began, are ar - guments—feeling arguments, too potent to be re sisted. Yes, the prises which we ar,e daily pay ing for everything we purchase and consume are pocket book lessons which our people we sincere ly hope will never forget. We ought perhaps to regard this particular fea ture ot our present condition, as a deserved pun ishment for our past negligence. With proper industry and enterprise w i might have supplied ourselves in abundance with eveiytuing essen tial, whereas we devolved this duty on other* We might go farther and say that perhaps our present sufferings are sent upon us as a method of teaching us not hereafter to treat with indignity and contempt those who may be engaged in the honest aud honorable avocations of producing the very means of our existence. Mortifying as it may Ue, we must own the fact that our enemies have reaped the strength and advantages of cul tivating these very arts, aud following these very pursuits, which we have hitherto regarded as dis graceful. We have affected to despise the odds and ends, the nails, little things, picking of pins, and saving, which in the aggregate has enabled them to withstand so long the valor of our armies. To their energy, skill, mechanical aptitude, per - severance, hardihood and progressive instincts, are they indebted for all their strength and effi eiency as a people. I have thus presented rather a disagreeable but no less a faithful sketch of how little we have hitherto done to supply our wants. It is by no means a pleasant task thus to record the past ce pendence of one’s country—especial'y when, ii ■ e had taken advantage of our abundance, we cun-u hive been the most independent people on tne face Ot the globe. But tne question arises, what do we intend doing in the lnture towards &“PP J. th! hSIpTf God “and our detemraJdwill, wo tent.” Bat I proceed to speak plainly on a question involving so much to our young nation, and say to my fellow citizens that when the sun of peace shall shine over onr Confederacy, when the insig nia of battle are laid aside and the clarion and dram heard no more through the land, when bri gades and regiments are disbanded, and generals, colonels, majors and captains, assume their former positions as privates in the ranks of their lellow citizens, when all this is over and done with, tna then we are on the verge of another battle, win must be fou»ht and won, against a toe more dangerous and powerful than the one have jnet conquered, if we ever expect ** d . and enjoy solid, substantial, e“dnnng JSouthern ence. That battle must be f°?8 h ‘ 7,n t 9 ual soil, that enemy—ourselves. We must once t restrain our chil-'r n f- om evert fives ol their fathers calculated t> i' l ' 8 '' nation. By precept and praetffie 'h» " C i rai " * and well directed efforts, in the m-’. V.'"; il, ’.V‘ : pulpit and the pie s-that inbred - T hatred to labor, pod love i o r :ase Biffi n-- must be eradicated from our nature. » By timely aud systematic tiaiumg ho rious and effeminating customs and habits , clime and people, must be made to gr.\ .. course of living which will implant in oui v ■ the seeds of economy, ternpernnea, thrift un ■ reliance. A thorough revolution must be eii in our sentiments in reference io' the diga"tv and honor belonging to physical labor. The ,i me must be brought to pass, when it will no , uu , er be a disgraceful- a rich man’s son to be seer n hn, shirt sleeves, and the sweat from honp?!, ulf j work pouring down his lace. A uew s:andnro whereby wo are in future to value and estimate truth, merit and respectabih.y, must ba er cted— wheu the idie drone, the dissipated devotee to fashion and indolence shall cease to be sought after ut a premium in society because his lathei is wealthy—and ihe mnu who earns ins daily food by any oi ihe arts held at a heavy discount among those wh y from no intrinsic merit or claims for position, presume to decide between them. We must hasten on the period when time-killing amusements, barbacuesund pol itics, shall no longer constitute the employment of nine-truths of our white population —but wh en all, from the least to the greatest, from the richest to the poorest, shall contribute something oy labor .cither of body or mind :o the g neral stock ol national wealth. When tins grea aud dec siv battle shall have been fought and won—then, au i noi till then, shall we behold lan»c barns, beaut;- ' ful dwellings, fine roads, good fences aud bridge well improved farms enriched by science aud tho rough cultivation —then, und not till then, hue we have fat horses and first class stock ot everv description, well cared for, and delighting them selves in rich meadows and beautiful pastures— turn, and not till lien, shall we beho'd in every district aud county churQhes, flourishing school.* und busy factories —then, and not (ill then, shall we present to the world au educated, industrious, thriviug, contented population, who, having put forth their energies and talents with which they have been so bountifully blessed, are not only able to tuke care of themselves aud to supply their wants iu time of peace, but who are ready and pre pared with all the elements and forces of u solf austaining, self-protecting nationality in full devel opment, to conquer her enemies to time of war. Overton A Letter from Judge Tltoiuaa. | FOR THE CHRONICLE * SENTINEL.] Elberton, Ga , 19th Dec., 1862. Mr. Editor: —In your daily of tire 17th instant, 1 find the following editorial paragraph : “We learn that the enrolling officer of Elbert county has been arrested aud imprisoned by order of Judge Thomas, for conscribing and sending io the camp of instruction, tho man who was releas ed by decisiou of Judge Thomas on writ of habeai corpus, some time since. It will be recollected that we published the decision ig the case.” There is no part of this information true; ol the contrary, it is a mis-statement of the real fa in every particular. The information you received 1 suppose, wus intended to be in relatien tot’!- ■case of Flee man vs. Glenn, iron! Ogletborpe cor ty, now pending before mo at Chambers, the loot* of which are as follows: Richard S. Fleeman presented his petitiou fo’ the State’s writ of habsae corpus, alleging in sub stance, in general terms as iu usual iu such cases that he was unlawfully detained and held In cus tody by Joseph ?>l. W. Glsnn, aad praying that the legality of his detention might be inquired into. The writ was issued, as the law requires aud compels me to do, without regard to an; opinion 1 might have as to Urn merit3 of his pet: tion. Tha writ was served personally on the de feudant, as appeared to me by the official return of the deputy sheriff ot Oglethorpe county; and several days after the service, and on the Same dav named in the writ for bringing the body of the plaintiff, Fleeman, before me for trial, the de fendant, Glenu, sent him beyond the limits of the county and beyond the limits ot this judicial cir cuit, to the camp of instruction. These facts ap peared from the sworn answer of the defendant oefore me, and it also appeared irom the answer that he was the enrolling officer of Oglethorpe and was acting as such; and that in this particular eel of eendiug off FTeemau in violation of the writ, he wu3 acting under the specific orders of his supe rior officer, who knew he, Gionu, had beeu saived with the writ when he gave the order for Fiee man’s forcible abduction, It will hardly be con tended that a communi from a superior officer to hia subordinate to violate the law can justify or screen the subordinate from the consequences, which consequences in this case were subjection tiie'si'tate’s: wnfandf aisd'finpVigrmarezt rn'hfififpei him to produce the body. Believinghowever that Gienu may have consjd erea himself bound by his superior officer's order, aud considering too, that so far aa ihe fine or other punishment lor the mere act of disobedi euce, apurt from that point, of producing the body, was concerned, the punishment wag one m tbedisoretion of the court to inflict or withbo! \ I thought proper to forgive und forbear, and I <1- ' so. But iu relation to compelling him to produce" the body, the law ik clear and precise, aud it pi scribes and compels imprisonment, aud imprison, rnent only, untill the body is produced. In conformity to this imperative duty he was committed to prison until he produced the body of Ffeeman, and not “for conscnbing and Bend ing to camp of instruction the man who wag r leased by the decision of Judge Thomas.” No thing has been done in this case, but what m usuai and compulsory on the court in every na beas ooipui case. If precedents are wanted they are to be found in the records of your county. 1 refer to the cage of the State vs. Fnilpot, reported in Dudley, page 46, and decided by the Oonven tion of Georgia Judges about thirty years ago.-- The Judges say "when the writ is applied for, no inquiry is made as to the complexion of the pet itioner or the place of his permanent allegiance All of every condition, of every country and o' every complexion are equally entitled to it, the native of South Africa, not less than the Pees of the Realm” except slaves. This is to show the broad expanse of its power and its far reaching jurisdiction. The natives of South Africa aro Hottentots and the petitioner in the Philpot case was a free negro. Is an alleged oonaoript to be denied the benefit of this writ, aud it is to be given to tree negroes and to.buphmen with tails' Is a conscript a slave ? The Judges in the same case further say, “it the court have the power to issue the writ, it fol lows of course, that it has the power to compel obedience to it; and no higher contempt can bo conceived tha i a refusal to submit to suoh power and an obstinate disobedience. That disobedi ence is contempt, has not been and cannot be dc nied, on the contrary it is admitted, but at the same time it is contended that the return of the 2d November, 1822, is an act of submission which being full and perfect, no disobedient* is ohuiy,ea b!e upon him. This return has been weil con sidered on a former occasion, and of its evasive ness and insufficiency it was then thought there could be no serious question. To have been full, it should have denied the custody, possession, power or control of the boy not only at the time of the return, but also at the service ot the writ. For the court to receiv: any return short of this, would be to enable all who might choose to evu' 1 - the writ easily to do so, by simply transferrin the person confined to another, between its ser vice and return.” These extracts are from the judicial opinions o’ such Judges as William H. Crawford, William Law, William W. Holt, Charles Dougherty and. Hiram Warner—men of some reputation in tuen day, for judicial skill, learning and integrity. Now, in this ease, it appeared from the swo. j return of the defendant, not only that he hadi con trol of the petitioner at the time of theserr ce of the writ, but also that hp forcibly abducted hifflurn the very morning of the trial F* »•>. imprisoned, not indefinitely, bnl unU ’ r& the law by producing the body of • . . M , no part o' ray action in this </*“.*'- if l have honesty of intention to made a mistake in “ !"*} jfa „j ol? a writ ot plain as the legs , | m ,, ans of compelliu: Lbcss corpus and Lie legal m { pUcel hold, aod'onght to be removed oy impeach “Tdo nos know from the record in the case, what 7ih,. coup"* l for the petitioner intends to nrge"to show the Regality of Flecman’s detention. For aught that -ppenra >n the papers, he may urge shat hi!oUem is a blacksmith or tanner, or that h“ owns ten uegroee over sixteen years of age, or that he is over forty years of »•'.*. or even, indeed, that he i» a wom-D, for without the writ ofbabta* corpn*, » woman might be conscripted at the WtL of the enrolling offioer. I do know, unofficially, from the petitioner's counsel, what the point is on whicbllhe r£.iitd. In the conversation held m-b me, when he applied for tile wnt, I suggested that he knew the decision of the Supreme bourt on the constitutionality of the laww .e bradragon .me and must be observed and be COD replied he was »<* unmind ui of tb ”£ te mcb a sidered it as much his a W“^ ine to overrule it point before me, ae R would Im , h , a kD<3W 0 < t W(IS if made—that t.ie o*‘X P , iD f loe man’s Case, as to plead a former J a . d 8“ olinl »nt. This queeuon, a bar to the present B jam brund to bear or any other lawful que«'° o ' DD#t be kaPWa U! ,ui w:iat my decieioa w appearance of Fleeman, I am able to entore m w q aokAS> and.try the cause J. H. C., N. C. j KDJue I H. Collins, of Charleston, waSstab , i,'",. aouffie m the streets ot that city ou the night of December 2Stb, and died in a lithe whii* after.
