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■*„ > O OF Itw PEACE IIKMOC’R.UJV O ') KK SOUTH. jlor.-.’ l of July 10th publishes ; , ;e d by the Democratic Oong.cs t , ( inrr.it tec. appointed by tire last Con ,.n ibi. subject of the war and the state of jj ctV;t .;ry. The do: ument is a ‘voluminous i ~v treats upon nearly all the political to- i , .of . e tinr in the peculiar Democratic | v i. The policy of lh« opposition In this ad j - defined to be in opposition to the over ■ t .ri of the barriers between the black and white r -«s; to retrace the steps that have leu to the debasement of the national currency; that the financial action of the government s hall be open to inspection and purged of cor ruption; that j>eace and reconstruction shall lie ■ imd with the States as they wore under the constitution as it is; that the public officers hold olli h r fixed terms; that amnesty shall he ex tended to the rebels except for particular of fence , and that Unionists, who have tied lrom the revolted country shall be restored to their estates aud their wrongs redressed as far as pos-ible. The most prominent features of the u'Hd ' may be ascertained from the extract, wc make below: HNAVT3S AND CURRENCY. Tb>■ nr.necer.sary waste of public resources In tl’ij war; the enormous sums expended upon foolish and fruitless military expeditions— Hometimco badly planned and sometimes badly execute 1 and supported—and the other enor jnv rums corn,ptly or unwisely exoended in ©bosJog supplies aud materials of war, wohM oft! ' iraralv--;., have been sufficient to deeply ij ]n public credit, and to create fears o; < . abiiltv to fear the pecuniary 4mr (b ii- created by the war. And what ought to '« bng *-;• inirnfc; of reflecting men is the con i: 1 .: i‘ .!i that thogcaeral political policy < f the i'.dviinis: ration has been such that it has pro!r n:;.d the war by depriving ua of allies arid svvpttliy in the enemy’s country, and fin i way the public energy upon other objects in ! idemilitary success. lo a-ldiOm to which stands forth the fact that :!it- occasion of war lias been seized upon > i . ! h a system of government pap a money, which has caused the public expendi ture': mid the public debt to be one half greater th e f• • . would . otherwise have been, aud v tro<b'.;ed i.uineroua and most serious evils ... •! (ii igers into fdl the channels of coinmer oi 1 : 1 bnsiiie-us life. The crash of this sys tem, an I the failure of fill the delusive hopes rag emeu Is based upon it, is not merely i ptv 'ale but a probable event in the future. T.irt r u and umraring which such an event would < ’a!' and cannot bo overstated, and lo avert if, c lo mitigate its force, is one of the main ohji which should In* had in view in setting >■ i * : iu>* .policy. Upon questions of currency nvti fie-v ee we must revolt lo the ideas of for mer tit ",, in which alone con safety bo found, Iri. • el.iri;* of financial prospects and future ])*■ 'iv conditions, we do not overlook the j : (h •)'«. vinous very different from ours are expT" ■ed by the friends of power. But the .••pi ■.ii.i.riu ijf prosperity to which they refer u in the country is uow decreased, < . 1 raubie.-. ol'laborers are employed in it. .r:.,,d aiv.u'acted from inddfctrial pur suits. Jr.* i-i'-d rides of value press hardly upon ’ of fix* . incomes, and upon all who are ; and or engaged in unprofitable euiploy not < re te wealth, but con s■ ■ :* ■. 1 (•■•uMimCfi itl.-o the laborers by vvl. ;■> produc'd. It devours tho products o! pa an*! 11 • out industry, and checks the • i'i ,n pßation upon which future pros perity depends. I or. MUX intervention. ' ■ r ifc.-crer to bo apprehended under < i ■ -ii mli-.ir. —one which bus been spocn ! - - - pirn ol!->n since the war begun, and v i , .id: licieulter--hi the intervention ' ici .' ; •rng -lo There is an example ,|i I '■■. l iit' I '-) in our history, which de . ■ .ro-i'.l-mpiatiou by those who would ,a..tlv jn-Y- * or present situation and make ■(.;«,vl b-m* c.-gum-t future danger. Our fathom re roll ad ami v/eto sorely chi-stise.l therefor by and : ote them in all c>- ! -i - 1.-d by their foes, their land ra ve and. 'Jh y were pushed to the extreme of i i.c nice: tiioy b- a>ae spent and exhausted py (h- , 'ifiiot. But in itieir hour of extrem < at pifiiil Fr.e.ce, at Gfio instance of I’ei.nryl a - ; : :i d’ploma ids, exiended fheiu her power ful June, rail (hoy emerged from the • iriumpln;it nri independent, j; ibis wui to be mismanaged aud porveried ■ami protracted, until a foreign power may bo induced to i; ;i:d our antagonist, as Franco as ; j Ih* levelled colonics of the third George? ■ . lioiPibly l!*e feeble, changeful, arbitrary :11l eoliqy ol the aihaiinstration, -lio i j,|; ,t; i 1 ol intervention, and will pro '.* - | ini-- rtalu-o place. Nor h.ir. its diplo ma j been calculated to avert the evil «-.m--*(|!je;ice.-iof its action at home. That di ploju ;cv has not been wise, judicious and man ly l>- ! . ble. pretentious and offensive. It : '-oii'd therefore be one of tbe leading objects •. . i’mg an administration for the next four ■ ears, to avoid this danger of intervention by ;hc election of rulers who will not provoke it, and wh. se policy will command respect at home and abroXd. [The nddres- define:; these under the heads of “Oppi-f ive government,” “Corrupt govern-- incur ’’ “Insecurity,” and says:] bra; ra.iiomibly, under ordinary conditions, ihal ivernment is most secure which is most fnv. 1 it in the hands of a sectional party, <t:.- fuir.re of this country is not secure. Not .ady i.-ilho danger of renewed revolt a possi e p y «.»the future, hnt the dangers of a for <• rn ;-.':i>- ;*re iuimen.mly increased. A disaffect ed |"pn:.ition weakens the government in ie ing invasion, and if such disaffection be sec tional. then the country lues a weak uart through which a foreign foe may strike it ef fectual aud fearful blows. orrosmox rp be organized. * The sure restoration of the Union i !of a into administration of our system of . i iV. ,'vernuient await the success of "(h> uion party, actuate*! by just aims iird inspired by ail earnest, patriotic dotermina .iou to save the country and perpetuate iis .liberties. The idea of ignoring party in the accom plishment of great public objects, cannot be accounted one of wisdom. Great mus-es of tin.i iu is ft ce country can act usefully ant s'Ciuiily only through scree organism which e.-mbim (heir power end gives it direction. Without otyaui:: itiou. their strength (all power ful when concentrated.) is dissipated and was ted, and the adventurous few seize upon the -s ot e crniuent and peiTcrt them to tin'..- own sinister designs. j e»u'u :u tor us now to solve is this: — Are the people of the United States competent : , ;Uemsevb’r-.in defence of their sys n of if c government and voluntary union, or m ■ they resort to n dictator, armed with >,» g pov.cis. who will crush faction and tv 'K . ~.t e. ml union at tiro sacrifice of liberty? but iu U!,- fct.it > will not die out if left to it g some instrument adequate to its extirpa tio • mu-;-, be sought and found in the direction of , ;,her diet..tori.! or popular power. 1...; of looking to a Bietator, to the dcs po;,c prnC'.nle, to a strong executive govern n;. of l.n ;f mid concentrated powers, those V li. . a. „> , nli in our American principles will \ c \. - ,1- • people, ii-.d will seek to rontso and 0 ... also i ion- nd direct their united strength - iiVaiV til evils of the time. Thus we believe the ga .... ■ if. -y ba saved, and saved by itsclt and be p-.-par'd to resume its career of pros peiiiy rudeiv interrupted by the war. V peat oppo itiou party nv'de strong enough to ci.rrv the elcc.iot sot It'd, is now the am P'-./pvnu'e instrument for national redemption, ‘tad its success will be the triumyh of free gy.v --e i.. and will extricate us from the jaws of cU - r'tioa. ’■ a -.t the party of the Administration i> both uautly proved, and ought no longer to be de iti .1 ' i; !■-,» failed to restore the Union a*ter ihi •>'] v at# . f til;-*, though p» - - e.d of all the power o. O -VCH - . .-nt and of allg»f-. sources iIfHM And meantime. ”h>is struck boa, ? blow- at liberty, ami is carrying us away from'all the old landmarks of policy and ad : nation. We arc literally dusting toward destrncdo’i, with the knowledge that those > have eh r re of our vessel of States arc un til to direct it; course. liv (Uric is yet time to avert of much calamity. Tht- future at least uiav be made secure, do all who ;dlv dcs-.rc the Union restored, and -iiotxp with it hones!, constitutional goyern nuui”. . pp-’ v ’-ray now be made assist in a party to power which will l>e faith ful tutu Constitution, which wijl unite to ■;o;Ucr the Union elements of tha whole coun ”rv xv p; chastise corruption and fanaticism idem the public administration, and wi 1 secure the fritarc fira convulsion and despotism. policy or Tit;? opposition. We hold that all laws duly established and cxis-in- sjtall lx’ kept, and kept as well by per sons in otlicial stations as by the mass of the people. Disregard of law and of lights estao lDhcd and guaranteed by it, is one ot the great evils of which just complaint must now be made. A change of administration and of party, will secure throughout the whore coun try, subject to our jurisdiction, a . ast, .aitctul and uniform administration of the laws by the courts and by the President and Ins Eub ordibates. and'will secure in the Congress of ; the United Si -.res far. ral to. »c , Constitution, ar, I. nest construction of tho ! powers conferred by it upon the legislative au thority. The interruption.of justice, caused) |by theunneC' - --y susp -reioaof the hnmt.mr- j jm in the unrevolted Stwill forthwith of pei ;•’■*’ life will become unknow, and a pretended ne cessity overriding justice and right, ar.d made the pretext for various forms of oppo.-ition and injustice, will disappear, before a returning sense of obligation and duty to our rulers. In the po!i< v of (he Federal Government there will be no recognition of doctrines which tend to tbe social del/*- and pollution of the people, Tho profligate and pernicious toe ories which, under the garb of philanthropy and a regard for human rights, would over throw the natural barriers between different races, and ignore wholly organic laws of dif ference between them, will not be promoted or favored in the policy of the Government of the United States. There will be an earnest and proper effort mode to retrace the step; already taken in de basing the currency of the United States by large and unnecessary issues of paper money; a system at ritee unautboris'-d and injurious, which impoverishes tfce country and distributes the earnings of labor to hands that have not earned it. will invite immediate revision and ultimate removal from the statute book of the United States. The troops raised for tho public service, whenever a necessity for raising them shall ex ist, will he rightfully obtained through the agency of the State Governments, and be c-fii e :< dby State authority, thus scouring, in the raising of armies for extraordinary occasions, the true intent and meaning of the Constitu tion, and preserving the armies of the United states from the undue political control of the Federal executive. The action of the Government h: it? financial disbursements and other i -atures of its admin istration, will be thrown open to full investi gation, and am e. t effort be made to purge it in all jfs branches of corruption. Uconomy of outlay, so much spoken cf by thCi-e who now Dole! power previous to their election, and so little regarded by them since,- will be reinstated in the practice ol the Gov ernment as one of the essential rules of its action. The doctrine thy* the Scrira .(ball po?;vr--« and ex( «; • all Ud pow< ii, and shall bo free within their jurisdiction from I he encroach ments of Federal authority shall be rigidly maintained. The system of public revenue shall tecftd jii;-led so as to bear equally upon ;,il sections and interests, and the unnecessary increase of officers in collecting it, a; well as in other de partments of public service, shall be avoided. ‘ The exertion of publi: force in the war to be exclusively for the object for which the war wa begun io wit, the restoration of tfce ln ■ revolted country 5 and being confined to that : ril< re a::*i leiiered from tho incumbrance of other objects, l > be brought to a speedy and honorable conclusion. But further, it may bo tion tri umph ;n our elect;;;:::! will call into existence moral fore: s more powerful even than physical force? for securing peace upon the basis of re union. Aud it may be the only means for se curing that great object, hitherto unrealized, aud postponed and prevented by the policy and incapacity of on-. rulers. Besides the revision of our domestic- policy, and the restoration of constitutional principles thereof, the great object to which we look are the conclusion of the wav and the just determi nation of the questions connected therewith. Ii .[CONSTRUCTION. The propositions which should obtain in the reconstruction oft-ho Union arc not difficult of statement, and when contrasted with the policy of the administration will appear to pe culiur advantage. The first is that tbe States shall stand as be fore she war, except as to charges which may be agreed upon between or among them: The constitution of tho United States is the rightful and only bond of union for the States compos ing the Confederacy, and it is to stand a.-j it is, iu its full integrity, until the parlies who are volutionary and destructive and to tie utterly re jected, whether founded upon Presidential pro clamations or statutes enacted by Congress.— Tho powers of the Federal Government fui all its branches are confined within tho provisions of the Constitution and cannot transcend them; therefore the Constitution as it is, including its power of regular amendments, is the leading doctrine of lira great party which propose to save the nation in this the day of its sore trial. But the ralso and guilty doctrine that the President of the United States by proclama tion, or the Congress thereof by statute, can proscribe, alter, add to or diminish the condi tions of union between the States, he discarded at once and forever, and most of the difficulties which appear to attend the question of recon struction will wholly disappear. Those depart ments of the government are confined to par ticular legislative and Executive duties, and cannot touch or determine the relations of the Slates with each other. That field of power is sacred to the great organized communities by whom the Union was formed and by whom alone it can be subjected to modification or change. We have fought to restore tfce Union not to change it, much less to subvert its fun damental principles, and Ihe accofflplishfhent of it3 restoration is the compensation we pro- to ourselves for all the cods and sacrifi ces T>f tho struggle. « But what is impossible to Ifco Presulent or to Congress it is competent for tho Btafes in their sovereign capacity, by free mutual con sent.’ at tho proper time, to perform. The American States required a compact or union to go through the war of tho aud it was made. Subsequently they required an amended compact creating a more intimate union, to secure to them the fruits of indepen dence. From their deliberations on tho latter occasion there resulted that most admirable in strument, the Constitution of (lie United States under which the republic has existed and pros pered’for more than seventy years. And now, under our experience of revolt, and war and misgovernmvnf, we may conclude that ad ditional securities for liberty raid union should be established in the fundamental law. But these securities liuct consist of limitations, ration than ot extensions of Federal authority, and must not invade those ticks of power which were lelt sacred to State jurisdiction in tho original schema of union. The Constitution should provide against the uncontrolled domination ot sectional parties, South or North, in the Government of the United Slates, as the most indispensable an*! vital regulation pofsibln for our safety aud continued existence as a Republic. ® a * Wo vro at war,.and blood flows, raid wealth is wasted. and fanaticism runs riot, and the Constitution is broken, and we are trowed down by bitter grief and sorrow in all our homes, be cause a sectional faction rules the Government of the United States, free from restraint or curb, or limitation of its power’s. And it should be nr ule impossible that this condition of things can again exist after we have once extricated ourselves from the grasp of calamity. lheve should also he a jnditious limitation upon the distribui :on of Federal patronage. •° ° * A change by whioh the great body of public officers would hold for fixed terms, and be removable only for lawful cause, would be one of great merit and wisdom, and is among the most desirable objects to be sought in our public policy. Another proposition pertaining to reconstruc tion is, that as to individuals there shall be no runner*.y except for par.'ieuhuygenees. All the excesses of a state of w ar cannot be visited with judicial punishment. Both necessity and pol icy require that, at the conclusion of such a struggle. ti mantle of oblivion shall cover the past. A nation torn by civil war demands ro poso at its conclusion, that society may be re organiz'd and that the pardons and demorali zation produced by war may disappear before the renewed action of moral forces. Laws of confiscation and fre .son may bo politic and ne ces-ary to prevent insurrection or to check it iu tho outset-, hut they become inapplicable when revolt has ripened i ito pub:;, w ir, and one en tire people arc ergn: i:; and against another. Pe nal enactments, when directed against a whole population, are odious and useless, and their tendency is to prolong and intensify war, and to embarrass or prevent its just conclusion. Their office is to chastise individual offenders within Government jurisdiction, and not entire 1 communities contending for independence or other public objects. Tne laws of war necessa rily and properly obtain between ihe parties to a war pending the contest, and displace or su persede the e of municipal .enactment. Am nesty. therefore, within the limit of public safe- i ty, follow* of course the termination 01 such a contest as that in which we are now engaged. It may he added that ch ar justice requires that Unionists who hove tied trom the revolted country should be restored to their estates, and that the particular wrongs inflicted upon them should as far as possible be redressed. creation or ccors states. The step's taken towards establishing a sys tem ol false and unjust representation in the Government of the United States should also be carefully considered. ° 0 1 nder repub- manipulation one third cf the ancient State of Virginia has four votes in the Senate of the United States, and may neutralize the votes of both New York and Pennsylvania i : that body. The “Ancient Dominion,” with a «p .» alien tr little exceeding on# ha : th it of [ Pecnsvlvaaia is repiCStu'-'i by ■ our fc irs ; fa tho Congress of the United States, and 1/ | two in the Conic-lentc Congress at Ri duaond. ! ! Pennsylvania, wilh her three millions of p-o --j pie remains true to tfce Union, and retain.- ’**,, form -r vote in th*; Senate; Virginia iurxs trai tor, sends two-thirds of her population under the Confederate flag, and forthwith h3.sher representation doubled in the Senate of the United States, and that, too, in defiance of a coi.. tifuti >nal provision forbidding it, and avoided only upon a strait*ed constriction os ; implication totally at variance with the plain fact. Against the plain truth of the ease, and I without necessity, it was assumed that the ■Legislature of a fragment of the S at;; repre sented the whole for the purpose of assenting to its division and the erection therefrom of a new member of the I ederal Union. We.pass from this case to speak of matters more recent. A State Government two been set up in Louisiaua under the supervision of u major general of the United States army, which although it hold- the allegiance of hut part of the population, we suppose it*-to have the former representation of that State in Con gre and in Tennessee aud Arkau~as_ there have been proceedings of a ij’.uxilar description. The indications are clear and full, that in these cases, and in others cf similar character, which may follow them, the President of the_ United States, through his officers ot the army in com mand in the Suites to bo represented, diciatci, . and will dictate and control, the whole pro , ceodiiig for renewed representation, and upon principles most unequal, uiijusLond *> iioua. , A recent attempt to set up one <•: y.. : bogus States in Florida, under a Presidential r. must be fresh iu the recollection of jna couh. - ry, ,%s must also be the fni'itary dAaster by . which that attempt was rendered abortive. The proclamation extends a parch u to e.;i [ persons in the rebellious States, (except cer tain Confederate officers, &c.,) upon cofluicn that they shall take, subscribe aud keep/* l* rc * , . cribed oath, one provision ol whu h n- y :r 11,ev will abide by and faithfully suppoiu an ’.loclam jtions of the President mace «-.uring the oxisling rebel! «n, having rei-irence to staves, so long and so far as not mounted or ' declared void by decision of the Supreme Court. , 4 nil it further proclaims that whenever, ;.i any o! ‘,e ot the Confederate States, “a ntvnb.-r oi_ persons not loss than one tenth in number cf ' the votes cast in cuch Stale at the Preside!!'.i*tl election of ISCO, having taken aud kept the aforesaid oath, u:o., shall be re-established a State government, which shall be ropuldic.ru. ant! m no wise contravening said oath, such -S. .to :-:k . ! he recognized as tho true Government of the 1 Skite.’’ .*. This Presidential paper must be regarded as tbe most rein irkable one ever isfuod by an American Executive. The onc-terth part of a population are to exercise the powers of the whole, and if Congress concur, are to bo repre sented in the Government of the United Sta.fes and in our electoral colleges tor the choice of President, as if they, were tho whole. A ! this one-tenth is to bo made up of men who wilt solemnly swear, ITiat. they wkjrobey and keep all the President’s proclamations upon a particular subject, issued during tho pro; on: war; not proclamations which lie may have issued already, but future ones also. ° ° Q Tiia YAKKKK BABIN IN ALA3IMA. AN AUTHENTIC ACCOUNT. We are indebted to General James 11. Clan ton for a Verbal statement of the “rise a'nd progress" of this expedition,from its start In North Alabama to its retreat through L ‘.Fay ette, where lie found further pursuit useless, reined up his tired horses, and gave rest to his worn-out men. The raiders were a cavalry division under command of Maj Gen. Rousseau, formerly a lawyer of Louisville, Kv. They started from Decatur, Ala, coming ’ through Bloimtsvillo and Asheville to Gleensport on the Coosa liver, some distance above Talladega. Ge.-i. Clanton, who had raised a large force of cav alry for State defence, but whose troops had been taken from him from time to iune and sent to oilier commands, had put a small force lelt. On the evening of the 13th ho lieu: l that and Blue Mountain, aud detached a portion ol his command to check them. On the morn ing of the'l4th, wilh only 200 men, ho arriv ed near Greensport, and found that one reg iment of the enemy had crossed the.river there and that the balance were preparing to cross at Ten. Islands ford, three miles below. Gen. 0. divided his force of 200; anti sent 100 un der Col. Henry J. Livingston to Ten. Islands; with instructions to dispute the passage of tBo river, which order he very gallantly executed driving the enemy out and from the river and preventing their crossing. It this gallant af fair ho lost Copt. Mooro, killed, and several privates whose names cannot now bo given. With she other hundred men, under the jm- - mediate command of Lieut. Col. Leary end Maj. E. L. McWhorter, Gen. Clanton success fully resisted the advance of tbe Yankees < n the Greensport and Jacksonville road, at Green sport ferry, losing five of his staff, two of whom were killed, two wounded, and one captured, aud about thirty-live men altogether. Lieut. Col. Leary, Maj. E. L. McWhorter, and Maj. Albert Hyer were captured; Major R. 8. Aber crombie, acting Adjutant General, and Thomas Judkins, acting Aid-de Gamp, were killed; Willie Seals, acting Aid de-Camp, wounded through the arm; Capt. Bat-t Smith, of Salma on Staff and acting Ciieif of Ordnace, legbto ken; Capt. Mcßae, of Henry county, shot in side and saved by his canteen. It is due to these officers to say that they were shot while In advance of their men, within twenty paces of the enemy, and tiring at them with then revolvers. Capt. Abercrombie foil alter firing the last charge of his revolt er, in tho open road, not more than twenty-five paces from the enemy. "Ihe Yankees,being thus stoutly resisted fell back aud crossed the river at Miller’s ferry; and Gen. Clanton at first heard and supposed that their destination was Blue Mountain and Jacksonville, aud made dispositions to throw himself in their way on that route. This mis take allowed the raiders to get about 25 miles the start iu their Southward course, and Gen. 0. never overtook them until he got to Loach apokaon Sunday the 17th, where he allocked their rear guard. Maj Gen. Routean told a prisoner captured by him that in this en counter he lost a Captain and four or five men killed, and as many missing. Clanton here took tho wagon road to Tus kegee to get ahead of the Yankee fierce going to Giiehaw, but while he was making this <G-. version a force unknown to him met and tv; ‘W ed them back at Chehaw. Resuming the pur suit, he overtook and captured some of their stragglers and deserters at Opelika. Altogeth er, lie captured 25 or 30 prisoners. 70 or 39 horses, and a number of guns and some am munition. From Opelikt he followed them to and through Lafayette, until they turned their course directly towards Sherman’s army, when, his men and horses being entirely bro ken down, lie stopped further pursuit. Gen. Clayton modestly claims for himself and his men that their close pursuit prevented the enemy from detaching parties to plunder and destroy the country through which they passed. It is evident, however, that they not only did this, but so re traded the advance of the raiders and hafrassed them ia their rear as to allow the people to rally and stop their progress, had they only been organized and armed imantici pation of such expeditions. The necessity of such dreperations must now be seen and felt, and it is much to be hoped teat the lesson learned will not be uimeeded. The country through which these .raiders pas sed is not protected by Confederate troons. but the people inheriting it are sufficient in num uers and have the requisite natural advantages to enable them to repel Jail such exoeditions b prompt and united action. Let them rouse up at once to the duty of protecting theil own hones! The raiding party was splendidly mounted and equipped, and seized fresh horses along their route to supply the places of any that be came disabled. So thorough had been the pre parations for this expedition that Gen. C. says it was not observed that the horses lost a shoe on the long line travelled. The Yankee force is estimated by him at 1500 or 2000. The only act of wanton destruction that they are known to have committed before reaching the railroad was (he burning ofa foundry near where they crossed the Coosa river. So much j for the vigorous pursuit kept up. Their dost rue- j live acts upon the railroad have already been reported. —Columbus Enquirer. A Financial Ecmos was the on dit yesterday. It was said that the distinguished gentleman who has recently been elevated to the Secreta ryship of the Confederate Treasury, with his Coadjutors, has a grand scheme on foot for the purchase of all the Government cotton and to bacco in the Confederate States,*throwisg upon the market as its equivalent upwards ot eight million pounds sterling, or forty millions iu gold. The stupendous wealth of the parties said to be interested makes the suggest ion pos sible, if net altogether probable. —llkhmond Examiner, 22 d inst. LIABILITY OF EXEMPT A" 5> DETAILED MLY lOSiILII lA EiIRVICK. JUDGE LOCH EASE’S DECISION. Thcs. Ears axd Othuis, j vs. > llAoeas Corpus. V. r rt.us 15. Scott. ) Tho que-dlua ra’.-ed in tki* case is whetfc-. r the movr.nt=. being in oar: “ extinpts,” and ia part “ dfciaiied,” under the conscnpt law, arc. i: Ae to in iitary (xrvi '2 ia the i liiitiaforcesef it _• State ca.icd Into active duty by the Gov eiu .r to repel invasion. It is contended that parties who have been detail, and or exempted tor one year to stay at t -eir plantations and have given bc-nds to fur nish subsistence to the Confederate Govern n ••! are. in fact in the service of the Confei ei-ite States, and cannot be forced to lake up arms as a part of the militia of the State to de fend their homes. Ihc law 11 Georgia, re-organizing the militia of tlm State, declares all free white male resi dents ia their districts, from sixteen to sixty years of age. except those who are actually in the army or navy ot the Confederate States, liable to enrollment as the State militia.— Section ii. Anil it is enacted that a person subject to conscription shall not be enrolled unless he is f*»un«l to ic ex 'nap t after he is enrolled by the ; Cocfed -. ate officer.—Section xxiv. ! All pci sons then from sixteen to sixty, not [ aciurUy ia the army or navy ot the Confederate States or already in. the State service, or who are found to bo exempt alter they are enrolled are vvitliin tho terms and embrac and by the pro visions oi the law of Georgia, and by the law, whenever in toe opinion of the Govern.a it shall ho necessary either to repel invasion, .ci! ore :s insurrection, ft to "execute the bo in v cell tho State militia or any part thereof into iic.ive miiilary service. try to argue the conetitn tionality of thja law, It simply places the resi dents of Gcor Ta. not actually in the army or nawofthe Confederate States, in the miltia C £ tm state, and while.the State of Georgia, in ber sovereignty, can exempt a man from mill— tary service'to the State, the Confederate G»V ornriaer* has no such power. The constitution al rtt fcl to cxomiili a man from militia duty reenh.3 in the sovereignty of the State alone. I'Ue Confederate Govornment has the right to raise mmies, and such armies being tho or ganized mitimry JUoops of all the Slates, arc notiiabife to separate State Legislation, or ooa troi. But liable to the control and legislation of Congress, while they remain in the army. If exempted from the army and returned to the Siai :s, the rights of the parties are remitted to the States, and tho control over them as citiz-iis resumed. Persona exempted from the Conscription .laws, cannot he regarded as “actually in the Army.” It might be looked upon as an rn omaions condufou for a man to prove he is cx omot from service, as an evidence he is actu ally in servic- -. To claim exemption by being in *bo army, by showing aa exemption by be ing the army, by showing an exemption cut o'\ !-: army, v.’e confers our inability to ap preciate this species of iogic. The fact that lbs Confederate Stales has ta ken a Load from the parties, cannot affect the claim cf the bsat.e to their military service, tor a contract ay the Confederate States not to A'::.; tl era ia the army for one year; is ouly binding on tbe Confederate States and applies <-;dy to the military service the Confederate Government had aright to discharge thc-m from. Wo repeat tho Confederate authorities could not < ;I a citizen of Georgia from the mi litia bylaw, and neither cau it bo done by contract. Wo decided, aud the Supreme Court sustained that tho law repealing discharges for the war, by th.: putting In of substitutes, was Constitu tional, V.dn-nthe public danger aud tho very life of the nation depended upon bringing every able bodied man to the field to protect it. Contracts to exempt.men from defending their homes are void when the war of invasion threat; is to *hi ;e 1! in a gulph of ruin.— No nation will die by contract. Tfce necessity which authorises the Coufeder 'ate Government to use every means in its pow er lo avert public calamity, is equally the pre rogative of th ! State Government to. masr ua o their i ights : the one , extensive in power, but no more poten a! !u. tight- than the other. e, that in the ‘j of too Court, por ..ms who aro or ; ' I' xatiansare “actually in th . A - ex.’inpf from conseripf" \ ;cr -.0-.w; N . empt from but a***- ‘;.»bl*' to be called into military service by tin *Ac- ‘• r ■ pel iuvivr.ona, ** qmll insurrections execute t e laws. Th:: parties who have been detailed c-o nos are in feet exempted from actual ee-rv,. -a the array of tiio Confederate Slides. They are at home in the avocations of business, and do j. I come within :*uy principle law that read ers them iu better position lo stay at ;omc than the class oxe.nntod. The State of Georgia is beleagured, and we gravely doubt ii not actually in the army, that is, not* actively in military ser vice, except exempt by the law of the State. No matter for what purpose detailed is not liable to be -put. into service. For the time, the pursuit c*f ike individual is suspended, and he serves for the exigency to repel tho enemy, so that ho may* receive the benefit of the de fence male by others with himself, and thus be enabled to complete the very purpose for which he was detailed. Is not the man who had a contract to make whiskey in Cherokee, Georgia, or he who held a detail to attend to some secular employment there, now as.liable to defend Jhem as the people whose interest was less Special ? Details from the army for some important military pressing purposes are exempt from other service, but all not iu the army, and left out of it as a public necessity, by a higher necessity, become liable to iin . mediate temporary, military duty. It has bc-.-n urged that conflict will arise be twi-en list; State and Confederate States on this subject. We can see no necessity for such appre hension. The State is simply bringing rein forcements to save the array and tho country. The only conflict which could arise would be interposition to prevent these reinforcements from being sent forward, and if this were done by force, it would be to coerce the State au thorilies, ■*. right we have no idea will he eith er claimed or exercised. We do not anticipate confl.ct; on the contrary, we see the State mov i g with solemn procession to th-Y field of bat tle with UiC.OoiuVdeiate Slates to repol the in vasion which threatens alike the interests of bo h. The inletest is identical. The turns that ikf?s*d are united. The principle that inspires is the same. The men that struggle are broth ers. The homes they defend are sacred to all. If there bo any conflict, however, it is in the experience of embarrassment some foresaw tin : :.*a workings of the Conscript law* and the ..ppiajption of its revisions to men who could not be taksn into the Army proper, but were era : their farms and subjected to its piWuptlons in the ordinary avocations of life. No provision of tho law we may add, w-5 more difficult of arrangement, and none protective of t!<-? icdu-f*it! interests more sat-. isfactorily c: replete, than the sys'em of details and exemptions inaugurated by the Confeder ate Government. The nature of our Govern ment is so complex iu war, that time alone cau biiag-to perfection a harmony of political uni ties, so blended and yot so severally indepen dent, Tho condition of the State ia regard to a ser vile population has been urged upon ur, with, zeal and eloquence. We feel satisfied that nev er #vc„:.; he estate safer than when her people are Under erms, and ready to strike at any point where danger invites them. By a cor dial sustainment of the policy now pressed Upon ;lie whole people by his Excellency, the Governor, we have the best assurance of pro tection to the interest of every citizen of the State. The movemot of ail in solid column will ren derjihe service not only brief,but effectual.; and while we feel, that in the space and scope of a k gal opinion we have already said more th.r.i v.- perhaps necessary, still we are sat * n-cl the peculiar circumstances that surround ua. wiil justify* an allusion tdfacts contravening the public policy so ably urged in the argu ment. let the Writs of Habeas Corpus he dismissed and the . Parties be re manded to the custody ofCapt. Scott. Oscobnb A. Lociiiiaxk, Judge Sup. Court, Georgia. 'T I: ~i M< X Tr3 Z° —By request of Gen. -■■..o,'. Gov. Crown has removed the headquar :■ sol the e-rgia Militia to this city. The obj :ct of this change, wo learn, is. to prevent there being a large number of unarmed men tofbwn into Atlanta; while that city is besieg ed, and not peifectly safe. Suc-h being the c,: thr.;: -it General Maekall Chief of 51a?. written the following letter’to the governor requesting the chance. From a proof shea of the Memphis Appeal we are informed “that the governor will be able to send forward a large armed force every day from Macon prepared to meet an-- emer gency -as seen e.s tqey arrive. ® «- 'a ip^e assembled thousands oi Georgia will, in a few days, beat tire front with arms in their hands to reinforce Gen. Hood, and aid in driving the enemy from the State.— Macon Ideyniph, Ju ly 25, •rats PEACE rtZOCTI.VTIGSf. COPIES OF THE WHOLE CORRESPOND ENCE. FULL HISTORY OF TEE WHOLE AFFAIR The New York Herald of July 21;!, coats u.' the annexed full correspond-nee of the inacb talked of j.'cace negotiations together with a history of tho whole affair: THE CORRESPONDENCE. naOEGE K. BAXHESS TO HOBACE GEF.T.LST. [Private and ccnfiae. tifl ] Clifton House, Nugav.a Uau.*. 1 • W., ) July 12. ’l. _) Sir - I am authorized to : -y that Hon. Cle ° tb Cav, of A’.-bama. IVotVssor James P. Ho 1 combe, of Virginia, and George N. Sanders, of Dixie, are ready and willing lo go at once to Washington, upon comp:*'to uua unquanfae-1 protection being given, either by tue I resident or Secretary cf War. Let the permission in c’ude *he three names and cue other. Very respectfully, Geocok N, Sandeks. To Hon. Horace Greeley. HORACE GIvEELSY*3 REPLY. Niagara Falls, N. Y., July 17, 1854:. Gentlemen: I am informed that you are duly accredited from Richmond as tho _bearers of propositions looking to th« establishment cf peace; that you desire to v»sU Washington in the fulfilment of your mission, and that you farther desire that Mr. -Georg . N. Sander; shall accompany you. If my information be thus fa?- substantially correct, I am authorized by cf the United States to tender you his safe conduct on the journey proposed, and to accompany yon at the earliest time that * will be agreeable to you. I have the honor to be, gentlemen, yours, Iloit.ec:-; Gr.ciu.sY. To Messrs. Clement C. Clay, Jacob ihomp son, James P Holcombe, Clifton House, C. W. 2IES3US. HOLCJJICH ASS CLAY TO HOBAC3 G«liE- LEY. Clifton House, Niagara Falls, \ July IS, 18li4. j Sir: We havo ihe honor to acknowledge your favor of the 17th inslant, which would have been answered on yesterday hut for the absence of Mr. Clay. The safe conduct of the President of the United States has been tender ed us, we regret to state, under some mis apprehensions of facts. We have not been accredited to him from Richmond as tho heav ers of propositions looking to the establishment of peace. We are, however, in tho confidential employ ment of our Government, and are entirely !:v tailiar with its wishes aud opinions on tv-.t snb j|ct; ar.d we to declare tint, ii' tiro circumstances disci-wed in t*: ; s corrtsp'm dence were commuuicaled to Richmond, wa would tie at once invested with the airikoii*;, to which your letter risers; or olher genth'-r-en, clothed with full powers, would be imm**.Pale ly sent to Washington with the view <• hasten iag a consummation so much to be desired, and terminating at tiro earliest possible moment the calamities of the war. Wo respectfully solicit through your intervention, asaleconfluer to Washington, and thence by any inuro vine’s maybe designated, through your lines to Itch morel. We would be gratified )f Mr. George N. Sanders was vmbracod in tiiis privilege. Permit us, in conclusion, to acknowledge our obligations to you for (he interest you havo manifested in tfce furtherance of our t v. iaaes; and to express the hope that iu any event you vi a afford us the opportunity cf tender!t?: them in person before \ c»u leavo the Fulls. Wu remain, very respectfully, &c. C. C. Clay Je., J, P. IIoLCOMCE. P. S. —It is proper to add that Mr. Thomp son is not here, and-has not besu staying with us since our sojourn in Canada. HORACE GlinfiLEY’S EEPI.T. IXT lilt NATIONAL ] [OTEL, } Niagara, New York, July IS, 1564. j Gentlemen -. I hive the honor to acknowl edge the receipt of } r ours of this date by the hand of Mr. W. C. Jewett. ’lhe state ol* facts therein presented being materially different from that which was .undeistood to exist by tire President ISben ho cuhusted me with lira safe conduct required, it seems to me cu every account desirable that I should coaununiculo with him by telegraph, and solicit fr-sh :a --s actions, which I Shall at once proceed to ua. ii . . *to be able to tftinsmU the rcsuLt this iMe ■■■a-.- i: aud at ail events I shall do so at j r .•«;'<• moment. Yours truly, Horace Grkkley. , To ;..3STS. Clement U. flay iiu.il Jtuuus r. j Ho! -nabe, Clifton House, Cnea&n.Vvest. ' MSSS iS. CLAY AKU'irOI.CGIIBB IlOllAOii TO OMSSLKY. ' Oltpton ll6csE r NiagaraFalls, July 18, 18(M. To Hon. 11. Greeley, Niagara Falls, New York: Kir: Wb have tbe hone, to acknowledge the receipt of your note of this date by the hinds ot Colonel Jewett, and will await the further answer which you propose to send to us. We are, very respectfully. &0., C. C. Clay, Jr., James P. Holcombe. IIOIUOQGIUJELEY TO MESSRS. CLAY AND HOLCOMBE International Hotbll, Niagara Falls, I New York, July ltl, 1861. j Gentlemen : At a late hour last evening (coo late for communication with you.) I received a despatch informing me that farther instructions left Washington last evening, which must reach me, if there bo no interruption, at noon to morrow. Should you decide to await their ar rival 1 feel confident that they will enable mo to answer definitely your note of yesterday morning. Regretting a delay, which I am sure yon will regard as unavoidable on part, 1 remain yours truly, Horace Greeley. To Hon. Messrs. 0. C. Clay, Jr., and J. P. Holcombe, Clifton House, Niagara, C. W. MESSRS. HOLCOjIRE AND CLAY TO MR. (SREELSY. Clifton House, Niagara Falls, ) ■ July 19, 5864. f Sir : Colonel Jewett has just banded u3 your note of tb:,s dale, in which you state tha t furth er instructions from Washington wili reach you by noon tomorrow if there be no interruption. One, or possibly both of us, may be obliged to leave the Falls to-day, but wiil return i:i time to receive (be communication which jou premise to-r.iorrow. We remain, truly yours, Nc., James P. Holcombe, C. 0. Clay, Jr. To Hon. Ker.rae Greeley, now at Internation al Hotel. THE PRESIDENT -WILLING TO P.ECEIVE BEARERS OF TEEMS OF PR ACE. Executive Mansion, Washington, \ July 18, 1864. ' j To Whom it-May Concern : Any proposition which embraces the resto ration of peace, the ..integrity of the whole Union, and tbe abandonment of slavery, aud which come by and with an authority which can control the armies now at war again :t the Unit ed Stetes, will be received and considered by the Executive Government of the United : iiater, and wiil be met by liberal term-.* on substantial and collateral points, and tbe bo irer or bearers thereof shall have safe conduct both ways. 'Abraham Lincoln. NOTE FROM MAJOR II >Y TO MR. HOLCOMBE. Major Hay would respectfully enquire wheth er Professor Holcombe end tho gentlemen sociated with him desire to send to W’&sbk.gfi.a by Mcjor Hay any messages in reference t the communication delivered to him on yesterday, and in that c:?o when he may expect to be la vored with such messages. International Hole!, Wednesday NOTE FROM MR. HOLCOMBE TO MAJOR HAY. Mr. Holcombe presents his comp!iment%to Major Hay, and greatly reg-eis it bis return to Washington has been delayed by any ex pectation of an answer to the communication which Mr. Hoicombe received from him on yesterday, to be delivered to tho President of the United States. That coin : tunicatioii was accepted as the response to a letter of Messrs. Clay and Holcombe to the Hon. H. Greeley, and to that gentleman an answer iras been transmitted. Ciifton House, Niagara Fails, Thursday, Ju ly 21. REJECTION OF THK PRESIDENT’S TERMS —REPLY OI TUS REBEL AGENTS Copy cf original letter heid’by me to deliver to Hc-n. Horace Greeley, and which dupliento I now furnish the Associated Press. Wm. Cornell Jewstt. Clifion House. Niagara Falls, i July 21, 18Ck ) To Hon. Horace Greeley: Sir : The paper handed to Mr. Holcombe op yesterday, in your pretence, by Major Hay, As sistant Adjutant General, as an-a as vet to the' application in our note of the ISth instant, is couched in the following terms : Executive Mansion, I Washington, July 18th, 1364. j To Whom it may Concern: Any proposition which embraces the restoration of peace, the integrity of the Union and ihenban ’-as ml of slavery, and which comes by and with authori ty that can control the armies now at war with the United States, will he received and con-Ti ered by tile Executive Government of the United States, and will be mot by liberal term? on other substantial and collateral points, and_ the bearer or bearers thereof, shall have safe conduct both wavs. Abb ah am Linco in . The application to which we refer was elic ii' 1 by your ieft. rof the 17th instant, in which : you inform Mr. Jacob Thompson and ourselves j that you were authorised by tbe President of ; the United Suites to tender us bis safe conduct, on the hypothesis that we were duly accredited from Richmond as bearers of propositions looking to the establishment of peace, and desired a vi.-it to WnthJ: gton in the fulfli'ac-nt of this mission. Th’s as-oiiion to which we then gave, and still do. entire credence, was ac cept,-.; by us as iire evidence cf an unexpect ed but most gratifying change, in policy •of the President. A change which we felt autboriz- and to hope might terminate in the conclusion of a peace, mutually just, hon orable, and advantageous to the North and to the South. Exacting ro condition but that we s-liouid be duly accredited from Rich mond, as bearers of propositions looking to the establishment of pe ,ce, thus proposiog a basis for a eonferenc-i as comprehensive as we could desire, it seemed to us tha t ihe President opened a door which had previously been closed against ti e Confederate States, for a full in terchange off ailments, a free discussion of coral cling opinions, and an untrammelled effort to remove all causes of controversy by liberal negotiations. We, indeed, could not claim the benefit of a safe conduct which had been extended to us in a character we had no right to as sume and had nev,-r affected to possess, but the uniform declarations of our Execu tive find Congress, and their thrice repeat ed and as often repulsed attempts to open negotiations, furnish sufficient pledge that this coticiifcdory manife tation on the part of the President cf the United States would be met by them in a temper of equal magnanimity. We had, therefore, no hesitation iu declar ing that if this correspondence was commun icated to. tho President of- the United States he would promptly embrace the opportunity ptesoaied for seeking a peaceful solution of this unhappy strife. We feel confident you must share our profound regret, that the spirit which dictated the first step towards peace had i;: initialled to animate the councils of your President. Had the representatives of the two Govern ments met to consider this question, the most momentous ever submitted to human states manship, in a temper of becoming moderation and equity, followed as their deliberations would have been by Ihe prayers and benedic tions of every patriot and Aistjanon the hab itable globe, who is there so bold as to pro nounce that the frightful waste of individual happiness and. public prosperity which is daily saddening the universal heart might not have been terminated, or. if the desolation and carnage of war must still bo endured through ry years of blood and suffering, that there might not at least have been infused into its ccnduct something more of a spirit which soft ens and partially redeems its brutality. Instead of ike safe conduct, which we solicit ed, and which your first letter gave us every rea-cn to suppose would bo extended lor the purpose of initiating 'negotiations in which ei ther Government would compromise its rights or its dignity, a does'-tent i-s presented which provokes as much indignation ns surprise. i c bear, no featu'-o of resemblance to that v-.hich was origuully offered, and is unlike any paper which ever before emanated from tha cc-::»tiu.i-:.d Executive of a tees people,address ed “To whom it may concern." It precludes negotiation and prescribes in advance the terra -and conditions of peace, lo returns to the original policy of n> bar; .‘lr-iog, no r.o truce with rebels, except to bury their dead, until every man sh.-tei Serve laid down bis arms, submitted to tiie Govern men* and sued for mercy. Vv'hat may be the explanation of this sudden and entire change in the views of the President, of this rude withdrawal of a courteous over lure for negotiation at lira moment it was like ly to be accepted, of this emphatic recall of words of peace just uttered, and of fresh blrtsls of war to the bitter end, we leave for the specula tion of those who have tbe means or inclination to praietrate lbs mysteries of his Cabinet, or fathom the caprice of his imperial wiU- It is eqo vdi for us to say that we have house what ever for the paper which has been placed ia our hands. We could not transmit4t to the President of tha Cim.euersle Stui-.s without offering him art ind'-ii city, dLlienoring ourselves ar.d incurring the well merited scorn of our countrymen. Whilst an ardent desiro for peaep. pervades the people of tiie Confederate States, we rejoice to believe there are few, if any, among them who would p'-'.roha-ra it at the expense of liberty, honor au-.l self-respect. If it can be secured only by their submis r \.<j f-emo •>£ ejna.>; L.Titivliitf UH“ born mu’fc wile oral its restitution. It therobo any military autocrat in the North who is entitled, to proffer tbe conditions of this manifesto, 1 here is none in the South authorized to entertain them. Those who control our armies are the ser vants of the people, not the in masters. They have r.o more inclination than they hv.ve the right to subvert the social institutions of sov ereign States—to overthrow their established Constitutions and to barter away their priceless heritage of Eels government. This correspondence will not, however, we trust, prove wholly barren of good results. If there is any citizen of tfce Confederate States who lias clung to a hope that peace was possible with this administration of the Feder al Government it will strip from his eyes ihe last fiiui of-such delusion ; or if there bo any whose hearts have grown faint under the suffer ing and agony of this bloody struggle, it will inspire them with fresh energy to endure and brave whatever may yet ho requisite to pre serve to themselves and their children ail that gives dignity and value to life or hope and consolation to death. And if there be any pa triots or Christians in your land who shrink appalled from the illimitable virtue of private mi--ury and public calamity which stretches bo fore, them, wc pray that in their bosoms a res olution may be quickened to recall the abused authority and vindicate the outraged civiliza tion of their country. Em- the solicitude you have manifested to in augarato-a movement which contemplates re sults the most noi.ilo and humane, we return our sincere thanks, and are, moat respectfully and truly, your obedient servants, C. 0. Clay, Jit, James F. Holcombe. Ft'ttTKKH PS ACE WSGOTIAT4QSS. VISIT OF UNOFFICIAL CONMMISSIOXEIIB 10 EICII MOI.D. [Correspondence, of tiie Philadelphia Inquirer.] Washington. July. 2o. —This morning our city, although having so recently resumed its former quiet, which the invaders so ruthlessly di turbed, was again thrown into a somewhat more genial excitement. As the James river boat arrived, it became known that among its passengers were two men who left Richmond on Monday last. To have an interview with these distinguish ed travellers was, of course, the desire which imcMtliatCiy possessed tfce anxious. Hardly hul they landed before rumor, ever 'm *7, telegraphed over tho country that two United States Comiaisfioners bed just returned from Richmond after tho transaction of the most important and official business. But rumor in this case was grievously in error.— The travelers never transacted business in Rich mond of an official or important character, so far as present results are concerned- COLONEL JAQUESS AND EDMUND KIEEE. The gentlemen who have thus succeeded in visiting Richmond, are Col. Jaz. F. Jaquess, iif tho 73.1 Illinois regiment, and Edmund Kirke.of Now York, the well known author. Col. Jaquess has been in the army almost since the beginning of tho war. He is a gentleman of about forty-five years of ago, is pleasing in his address, aithough somewhat reserved in manners. OBJECT OF'THE VISIT. The rcporl that these gentlemen acted in an offi cial capacity for cur government, or that they we: in any respect recognized either here or in Richmond as agents, messengers, convoys or commissioners of the United States, is un trne. They went upon a mission perfectly and wholly dirtict from any connection with our authorities ; and, again, the object of their mission was not preront in its nature, but al tog ther niterior,aad dependent upon contin gencies which may arise hereafter. Although it is not officially known here what is the precise object of this mi --ion, still it is understood among those who claim to be spe cially informed, that it looks to a restoration of Mach. It is stated that Col. Jaqoere, with Whom this idea originated, proposed, nearly a vcv»"o thathe should be allowed to visit Richmond, and pre-mt Us views upon are con ’idation to the Confederate authorities.— Permission was granted him, and he proceeded upon his mission as far as Petersburg, when he returned v. ithout material, success, asjie did not visis Richmond. HOW THEY REACHED THE CAPITAL. Last week, with the permission of the Pres ident. Colonel Jaqueas kit his command in the West and again essayed his mission to Rebel dom. He received from Mr. Lincoln a letter of persojal recommendation to Gen. Grant to pe,.- 1 ! him through the lines and otherwise for ward his views In r.o other respect did Col onel Jaquess receive any support from the Pres ident. neither was there given to him’, by any of our authorities, any warrant whatever for official negotiations. It was simply a private unsafe nos the Colonel, with which tho Presi dent saw no reason to interfere. Accompanied by Edmund Kirkc, fiie Colonel proceeded to Gen. Grant’a headquarters, and ).a\ iiis been permit!, and t > pass our lines they sc’.rteu for Ricnm'udby the Northern bank of the James river. They found no difficulty iu cut- ing. tho Confederate lines, and, in fact, everjsphrtesy was kindly extended to them as they journeyed towards tho capital which they reached on Saturday last. HOW THEY WERE RECEIYED. As soon as Col. Jaquess arrived at Richmond lie requested that he might be placed under guard, which was done, although tho entire freedom of the city was immediately extend ed to him. He was assigned elegant apartments at the Spottswood House, the best hotel iu Richmond. During ids stay of three days he fared in the most sumpiuous manner. Ilia table groaned with the choicest of tire market, aud the most savory viands weie laid out in profusion be fore liim. All kinds of meats and vegetables were served up iu the most recherche style, aud brandy at.six dollars a bottle, and wine at fifty, were not wanting to complete the rich ness of the entertainment. Gold spoons and forks, also, added by their glitter to the board so festively spread. His bill for the lliree days was over five hun dred dollars in Confederate money,but ho found himself unable to give the slightest reward for so distinguished a hospitality. INTERVIEW WITH Ji'.FF.. DAVIS. Colonel Jaquess has had two interviews with Jefferson Davis, in Ms office iu the Custom House. lb-° fully explain*' Phis views to' the President, and endeavored to press them upon his consideration. No official report, however, having been as yet given of thtse interviews, it is unknown what success attended them. We opine, how ever, that Mr. Davis cannot at present beargued into the consideration of any terms of peace which do not nave as their cardinal principle the recognition of the Confederacy. APPEARANCE OP THE CONFEDERATE PRESIDENT. Jefferson Davis, notwithstanding all previ ous reports-to the contrary, looks hale and hearty. His health was never better than at present, and the indications are that he will live out the threescore years and ten. He still remains blind in ono eye, but sees very distinctly out ol tho other, which is quite evident from the manner in which he has managed the rebellion. lie who waits for the rebellion to cease through tho demise of the rebel President, had best cease such hopes, and join the Union army as a speedier method with which to terminate the war. VISITS TO PRISONS ANI) HOSPITALS. During Col, Jaquess’ stay iu Richmond he visited the prisons—Libby and Belle Isle. He was very agreeably disappointed to find our men comfortably situated aud as well cared for as was possible under the circumstances. Only the desperate cases of our wounded are retained in the hospitals at Richmond. Our brave boys were bearing up cheerfully under their sufferings, ami were receiving ail needful attention, and everything- possible was being done for their recovery by the surgeons and attendants. This will be cheering news for the many anxious mothers and wives throughout the North. As might be supposed, Richmond only sug gests thoughts of war. Its streets are almost deserted ; women, cripples and soldiers alone give life to the thoroughfares of the rebel cap ital. Many stores are, however, kept open, and there is some business, but nothing in compar ison to the activity before tbe war. Everything looks warlike, and everybody seems intent only upon the great struggle, now in progress. Col Jaquess, during his visit, had several interviews with Judah P. Benjamin, Secretary of State ; Mr. Quid, Commissioner of Exchange, and with other rebel dignitaries and authori ties. From them all he received the kindest attention. As he took his leave of President Davis, last Monday, Mr. Davis took Col. Jaquess’ hands in both lib:, pressed them warmly aud cordial ly, and said that, leaving out of view Iho pre sent struggle, he had tiie highest respect for the Colonel's character and aims. On Monday night Colonel Jaqiiess and his companion returned to General Grant’s head quarters, and continued their journey to this city. It is understood that Colonel Jaquess will soon publish an official account ol this visit fvVVU ilao tA jcc-fe M-t/AilACCilox? wviili it, ond rplr-xt ever may -be thought of. the Colonel’s proposed means of reconciliation there can be no doubt both of his honesty and unswerving loyalty. ANOTHER ACCOUNT —A CONFERENCE WITH JEFF. DAVIS —RETURN OF THE CONFERENCE. [Correspondence of the N. Y. Tribune,] General Butler’s Headquarters, July 18, !) P. M. —Edmund Kirk, author of “Among tbe Pines,” and Colonel James F. Jaquess. 73d Illinois, have just returned herefrom a visit to Richmond and a conference with Jeff Davis and the rebel Secretary of War, Benjamin. It was known to a few that they had passed into the rebel lines, and great anxiety has been lelt for their safe return. i'vThe nature of their mission is unknown, but ic is thought to have some political importance. Whatever it was, tbe manner of procedure has been unique, and the result seems to be very satisfactory to themselves. It is not pro bable that they were authorized envoys of the Government with authority to propose terms of peace, but simply individuals permitted by the Government to pass through our lines. At ally rate, they were well received and well treated, and permitted to stop at tho lead ing hotels. A LETTER FROM COLLECTOR CABAIViSS. War Tax Office. ) Forsyth, Ga., July 18th, 1804. j Numerous letters are received by mo daily irom Confederate Tax Assessors and Collectors inquiring whether they are subject to tho or der contained in Ihe recent proclamation of the Governor es Georgia, requiring them to report to Gen. G. W. Smith, at Atlanta, for service in the milita of this State. This circular is issued to s-jve the trouble cf writing separate answers to these letters. The officis above named, are not subject to the orders of the Governor of this State. They ere in the service of the Confederate States. Those who arc within the conscript ago aud liable to military service, have beta detailed by order of the Secic-tary cf War for duty in the offices Ihey now hold anff fill. They could not be detailed by tiie Seeretry of W'ar, if they were not in the Confederate service. A person to be liable jo be detailed to any duty must be subject to the order of the power making the detail. A detail is an order for some particular ser vice or duty, and none can be. detailed but those subject to tbe authority making the de tails. Tho exercise of military power must necessarily bo supremo, and if controlled at all, it can be clone only by a higher power. When tho Secretary of Wur delailed certain men in tbe Confederate service lor duty in the offices of Assessors and Collectors of tbe Con federate Tax, his order granting details cannot bo revoked or annulled, or interfered with by the Governor of a .State, and any attempt to do it is the exercise of usurped power. The Collectors and Assessor, who have been detailed for a special service, are subject to the order of tfce Secretary of War. He may re voke service, but no ono else can do i :. 'i ho assessment and collection of the Con federate Tax is a piatter of the highest impor tance, and cannot be slopped by one who has no control over it. For these and o.her reasons which might be assigned, Assessor and Collectors of the Con federate Tax are not subject to the recent or der, which has been issued, calling them into the service of <ho Slate. If any of them can leave their officers, temporarily without detri ment to tho public interest, they may respond to tho call which has been made, otherwise not. E. G. Cabaniss, State Collector for Georgia. More Testimony,— “Jce Brown’s Stav-at- Homes,” as they are stigmatized by the admin istration press, appear to be praised by every letter writer in the Army of Tennessee. The compliments they receive are well merited Here is what a correspondent of the Griffin Rebel says of them : During the movements of which I can now give only a general outline, many collisions occurred w ith the enemy. In one of these the Georgia Bute troops, the first of Gov. Brown’s late levies, were assailed. No body of un trained soldier? ever conducted, themselves with greater ccurage, noire have displayed a. more commendable spirit. At one time, when enfiladed, in their hurriedly constructed earth works, they maintained a position from which experienced soldiers would certainly have fled. They,.on the contrary, evoked encouragement and hope from the usual prelude to disaster, they believed the enemy’s line broken, and that they had penel rated his centre. They fired to tho right and left, and finally repulsed their assailants. They were surprised no little when ordered to withdraw. Their contempt for a cavalry brigade, sent to their support, and which suddenly retreated, knows no bounds. rIUHILAMVHOY , BY JOSEPH E. BROWN, g6v£k:;or of beorgia. It is reported to me that a considerable num ber ( fpeifOn* in tip’s State, claiming to be ~ aliens, refuse to take up arms aud go th At lanta for the defence of t Ire State. In a g.e at emergency, like tho present, I condor it the duty of all who claim protection of person and property to defend tbe Slate which affords such protection. I, therefore, hereby proclaim and make known, that all aliens in this State, who refuse to volunteer for her defence, are required to leave tho State within ten days from this date, and uo more to return, on pain of being dealt with as the laws and the usages of nations jus tify in such ct»es. Passports wiil be granted to all such aliens, on application to the Adju tant and Inspector General of this State, upon ihe certificate of a Judge of the Superior Courts, that he has examined the evidence in such eases and finds such person to be an alien. Given under mv band and the great seal of the State, this 28lh day of July, 18tH. Joseph E. Brows. Headquarters, Macon, Ga., I July 28th, 1804. j To ihe Aides-d*-Camp and other Stale Officers: lam informed that the Inferior Courts of some of the Counties have abused the privilege of exemption to milfc i; which was allowed by my I’ieer. mation. and have certified for exemp tion owners of mills who have not been em ployed regularly as millers previous to my call. • The exemption applies only to thoso who are, and were at the time of the call actually em ployed as millers and not to owners of mills who wore not so employed. As it can bo known at headquarters who are the actual -millers, only by the Certificate* of the courts, some may havo obtained, tram th* Adjutant un-.i Inspector -Joneval’s office, exemptions as millers v fco are ouly the owners of mills, all such exemptions are hereby revoked, and all such per for--; will be sent forward to tho front immediately. All civil and military officers of the State will enforce etiklty and rigidly the orders con tained in ray proclomation, and send forward under arrest, wfc.cn necessary, all who are em braced in it and refuse to report. The orders of Confederate 'officers interfering with th§ execution ot tho military laws of tho Slate, or attempting to protect from active service their favor; 1 ; s iu civil pursuits, when the Slate is in imminent peril and needs the services of all aide lo bear arms in front of the enemy, can neitln-r be respected nor obeyed by Stale officers. .If State officers are met by armed rcsii.tar.oo v.'fc.eh they caimot overcome, wbiie in tho d : .;j:;argo of their duties in at tempting to cany to tho front skulkers who are unwilling lo <V;-o ' f he’ll- own homes and property, ih-.y will report the facts instantly, and true-.>a v-:!l be srutlo enforce the exeeu* tion of ihe i-'vso! ike Irate, and lo compel ali such in.-ii to discharge their part of tho duty and meet part of the danger. • Upon ft-. ;; pi uof the chief cUlcer in charge of oolleetten oft ho tithe tax of the Si te ■ i.qcic ry for the support of tho army, and upon a similar application of the Gc-nfc.fc'i.* > ordm-.mv ohfcvr, I have exempted from ny call certified by them to ba cc.isi; . cm: :»}cd and indispensably neces at of their re ’ apeetive liopa:; nN. -The same rule will bo applied on . lea us the proper officer to each of the olher ci.-par> mcits of the Confed erate Government in i -; State. While it : ray ii :e u purpose to execute the laws of t!:i! -la to, ami to compel nil favorites of power or of p- isons in position who have de tails {.« a ski-fid f;o::i danger, whilst spending tbeirtime in Bra mv agontc-nt of their ordinary business, to obey ike laws and aid in repelling the enemy; it is cot my intention to cripple or Ihrov? obstaebs in U e way of the Confederate Govenrm iuy.rovhling all necessary support for the tinny, il i a feet known to the whole country t* at numbers of ablebodied men have : been kepi out of military service by Ihe details and ;r . a..rate of Conte fieiftto officers. The decision of a disringutehed Judicial officer of ibis ‘-.kite: sustains Ibe jurisdiction of the .State over all such, when no-.. i:i the actual military pc-rvicocf the Confederate .Slates. This juris diction will be enforced at whatever cost may bo neceranry to sustain tha sovereignly arid dignity of the Bb-te, nod compel such persons to do their duty in he; defence. Am Georgia ocems to be left to her offn re sources for the reinforcement of Gen. Hood [a “-•my u-lui-.h is-nece.teiiY to nreveut hot terri tory from being overrun liy the enemy, sho cannot- now waive her just, jurisdiction over her militia, who ere at home engaged in tbe ordi nary pursuits of life, on accouut of any details cr exemptions which may have been granted by Confederate nuikoiity. Sho will never as sent fb the iloctiMi'j that (he Confederate Gov ernment has any Constitutional right or pow er to divert her of jurisdiction over her whole militia, by mustering her whole people into service,-end detailing them to remain at home, engaged in the common avocations of life. Tho Confederate Government may rightfully comm and that ] art ol her citizens who are in the actual military service of the Confederacy, and none c-ifi r. When her territory is invaded by a pov. erful foe, which calls for the exercise of all tho manhood of the Sttae to protect her very existence, she will not allow any other power to in : f rfere and prevent her from sending her own militia to tho battlefield for her own security. All persons claiming to be employed by tho Confederate Government as farmers, black fmitbs shoamak' i3, tax assessors and collect ors, secret service men remaining at home, Ac., must show their exemptions from these head quarters, which will be given when actually necessary, upon the application of the heads of their respective departments showing that they are constantly employed aud indispensably no ecssary, and, on fifilure to -xhibit such exemp tions, they will be arrested and sent to Gen. Smith as directed by ray firmer proclamation. Any Si ilc officer failing or refusing to carry out these instructions promptly will be hold to rigid accountability; as Ihe exigency requires that every able bodied man in (be State, whoso H'ervice.-s are not indispensably necessary in soma other department, shall rush to the front without a moment’s delay. Joseph E. Bn own. Burning cf a Baggage Cap. ox the Danvillb Railroad—C plat Dic-TatcnoN of Bank De posits and other Property.—On Saturday morning lest, about one o’clock, as the train from Danville was passing Slaunton river bridge, in charge of conductor Wootten, it was discovered that ihe bast gage car was in flames and the tv.dn was at once (flopped. An effort was jnado to check the fire, but the fanning the flame , bud received from the momentum of the tr-fia had ignited every part of the car, involving in iUdestruction an immense amount of property. The. ; v.-oro on board the car tha deposits of three banks of Staunton, removed' to Danvillo for keeping when the former place v.s threatened by Hunter Tim deposits were being the institutions, which were the Valley bank, tfce Central bank and a branch bank, frame not known. The spec' <• alone, gold and silver belonging . to the'-j haniis, and on board the il If a ted car, amounted ter upwards of three hundred and fifty thousand dollars. All of the precious racial that was recovered was molten, and re duc'd from i .*, orb;'-'.al shape of coin to great inmp*- arm cruelo ia-.:-.-- sos gold aud silver met al, which lrau down through the bed of the ear iu a go fi/m aml silvery stream upon the track, t:o oy '-wtenc -cs affirm, so great was the heat eugendeiod. What amount of paper issue l i ; batiks had on board wc could not aoceitaia. :ra . Terrill, the Government messenger of rim Eoulhcru rixpre i Company, was on board in the baggage c , with Government fund* in hi- clterge to the r.irmunt of twenty thousand dollars in v fid and over a half million in Con federate Tt- my notes. As soon as the alarm of fire was gh ahe sprang for his box, and, throwing it from tho car, followed with a plunge. He 100 nothing*. The Exp ess Com pany lo :cs on [. - jgiit and packages about thir ty-live tfco'.'-x-.n i dollars. .Some of the freight packages which were only slightly damaged were received at the Express office on Satur day. The raiire ul company sustains a loss of at least one- ’ hundred thousand dollars, and perhaps double that sum cu the baggage of v.;u3ei!gerß lost, and for. which the passengers mid checks. As yet the oridnof the fire is a mystery. Tho bank denosits destroyed were being carried back to-v.HUf’.on preptu.ttoiy to the resump tion of b : inv'-s by the banks. It is said there ■.■■■■ <■. car, and it is pro bable enough, but it is very wonderful, how lire iould no communicated under their very nose, and suffered to progress to the extent of envelope r the entire car without they know ing it and raising tile-alarm. It is said a spark from f an locomotive fired tho car, which would be plausible enough if tho other circumstances were iu harmony with it, hut they are not. There was several reports on the street in solution of the a flair. One was that the car was robbed of its bank deposits, specie and notes, and the car then fired to cover up the robbery in its aches and ruins. We presume an official enquiry will be made into the hid den cir cunts ranees of this most mysterious crime, if prime if is.—if iehmwd Evxmm,