procure
‘chxti... ... ...u ncut, such party
all be permitted to go into parol
’idence of the contents of such
ritten instrument.
*• Sec. 4. And be it further enacted,
That ali laws and parts of laws, im
itating against this act, be and the
•Arne are hereby rejieulnd.
* WARREN JOURDAN,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
THOMAS STOCKS,
President of the Senate,
dbiented to Dee. 1!, 1820.
GEORGE It GILMER, Governor.
ACT to define anti make certain
the mode of assessing damages
upon the trial -of claims-of pro|>ei
ty in tiie Superior and Inferior
courts in this State.
Whereas dolthts have been enter
tained, whether upon trial of claims
of property, damages should be as
sessed upon the amount of tiie pro
perty claimed, or upon the amount of
‘the claim bond For remedy whereof.
lie it enacted by the Senate'and
Home of Representatives of the Stale
of Georgia in General Assembly met,
litid it is hereby enacted by the autho
rity of the same, That from and iin-
Diediately after the passage of this
act, upon claims of property how
pending, or which may hereafter he
pending in the Superior or Inferior
courtsof this State, where damages
shall tie found by the jury, the said
damages shall he assessed upon the
.Avhole amount then due upon the ex
ecution levied? Provided, the value
of the property in dispute exceeds
The amount of said execution; and up
on the value of the property claimed,
when the some is less than the a
rnount of the execution livied, any
law, usage or custom to the contrary,
-notwithstanding.
. WARREN JOURDAN.
Speaker of the ffnu&ft of Ropresoutativei.
THOMAS STOCKS,
President of the Senate.
* Assented so, Dec. 21, 1829.
„ GEORGE, R. (ULMER, Governor.
rJFnrtt/j.ju
News from the Army of the Cau-
Oasus. —lmmediately after the con
clusion of the treaty of peace at A
i drianople, Field Marshal Count Di
ebitsch Sakansky sent two couriers,
one by land, the other by sea, to
Convey the news to the commander
in chief of the army of the Caucasus.
One of them Lieut. Mogatsch v, Aid
>de-Camp to Count Dicbitsch arrived
_tty sea off the harbor of Trebisond,
on the 2d Oct. but ns the Turkish
commander would not allow him to
land, he was obliged to seek another
This unreasonable obsta
cle opposed bv the Turkish authori
ties to the landing of our courier, has
led to an event unfortunate for the
Ottoman troops, which though ours
have distinguished themselves by
fresh victories, is yet to be lamented,
s it has caused further bloodshed at
a time when the object of the war
Was already gained.
After Count Paskewitch had ef
fected his retrograde movement on
♦he road from Trebisand to Ei zcruoi, I
he was just engaged in choosing j
good winter quarters for the troops
* tinder his command, when he receiv
ed the unexpected news that notwith
standing the had season, the new
Seraskier continued to assemble
troops, that lie. was preparing for an
attack upon Erzerum, and had alrea
dy collected 10,000 ca valry and in
fantry for this puqiose in the town of
Beiburt, which we had left and its
neighborhood. Even if the presence
of so large a force in the vicinity of
our quarters had not heen djtngerous
so long as it remained concentrated,
it might however, cause the inhabit
ants of the Paclmlic already coin] acr
ed to rise and so oblige our troops to
Undergo a!) the hardships of a winter
campaign.
Induced by these considerations
Count Paskewitseh resolved to un
dertake a general movement against
the Scraskiei and to prevent by one
blow, all the consequences of bis un
dertaking. lie therefore left Erze
rum on the <Jt|i Oct. and proceeded
fpwards Beiburt in two columns the
light underfiis own command by the
way of Koret Paingar, and the left
Under General Potemkin, by way of
Aehkal and tiie mountain of K>f
Dagh, On the&jth ult. the two co
|ums joined at tiie Copper Mines, 15:
jversts''from Beiburt and continued
in advance towards that city by a de
file which leads directly to it along
file bank of tire Tchoroka. Four
from the town our vanguard
ifell in with 1000 of fiyo enemy's ca*
illicit at
ibis place makes u oenrt tdwhrds the
left side, and which is crossed by
several roads to Beiburt.
The enemy’s masses occupying
both sales of the river, were attack
ed at once mid repulsed part to the
entrenchments and nbattis on the
direct road to Beibprt, part to the
high mountains forming the right
bank of the river. By this all the
cross roads to Beiburt were open to
our troops, and Count Paskewitseh
seeing that it would b§ easy to make
a flank movement and turn the town,
gave up the pursuit at night fall and
remained in the position which he
had occupied.
Tho boldness with which the.
Turks quitted their entrenchments
to attack our van, proved that they
were in considerable force. The
prisoners taken in the night also de
clared that the JSeraskier was only
four worsts from Beiburt, that he
had sent to the garrison 2000 t roops
ami intended to enter the town the
next day with his whole force. This
news induced Count PJMtcwitsch to
hasten the movements of the attack.
Leaving his coinmuuicat’ '.s with
Ergeruin on the 9th, at J in the
morning he tu*> ,1 the town on the
left to take a position oil the heights
which command the place within
cannon shot, and also to cut off its
communication with the Ter D’jane
1 chiflik and partly with Trebisond.
(1 he bulletin theu recites a series of
smart actions between the two co
lumns and the enemy, which ended
in the latter being driven from Bei
burt. The Turks in evacuating the
place divided themselves into three
columns, all of which were attacked
and put to flight, the Bussians pur
suing them for 16 worsts notwith
standing the badness of the roads,
and entirely dispersed them.)
I he enemy lost on this occasion
killed, and 1236 prisoners, six
pieces of cannon, and 12 standards.
VVe had 100 killed and wounded, n
mong the former is Major Shngou
sutoft of the Kherseu Grenadiers uud
Capt. Ainankoff. ’The Seraskicr
hearing of our motions hastened with
10,000 men to relieve Beiburt, but
the place being taken before his ar
rival, lie returned precipitately. A
small detachment sent towards the
fortress of Oitz to disperse the ene
my in that quarter, succeeded com
pletely. The garrison of Oltz sur
rendered prisoners of war. On the
11th October, the third day after the
taking of Beiburt, the Sernsßier who.
had learned through a private chan
nel the conclusion.of peace, sent an
officer to Count Paskewitseh, to ask
an armistice. r J ho Count scut M.
Olansaly, Counsellor of State, to the
Seraskier’s camp, who there found
Capt. Dcrkamel, who hud been sent
express by land from Adrianoplc.
Count Paskewitseh immediately is
sued orderi tor a suspension of hos
tilities at ull points and entered into
a communication with the Seraskicr
for the execution of the treaty, rela
tive to the progressive evacuation of
the Pnehaliks restored to the Porte.
MommUc,
CHESTER, Dee. 29, 1829.
Sir— -In consequence of your ap
plication to me for my opinion of
Thompson’* Island, or Key West,
1 have to state, in reply, that since
the year 1823 I have, from time to
time, been making rnysejf acquaint
ed with the. Florida Coast nnd Keys
—part of the time in command of
the United States’ squadron, and
subsequently in command of the
Mexican force in that quartet's and
perhaps tliare is no man living bet
ter qualified than myself to give an
opinion on the subject, as my infor
mation is derived from actual obser
vation and practical experience.
The harbor of Key West is, in
my opinion, the best harbor within
the limits of the United States, or
its territories, to the south of the
Chesapeake. .
Ist—For its easy access and c
gress at all times, and with all w inds.
2d lor the excellent anchorage
and security it affords both in the
inner and outer harbor for ships of
the largest class; leading to the har
■>or of Key West are several excel
lent channels, some affording water
for the largest class of ships, (he
others suited to vessels drawing 10
and 11 feet water,
. The advantages which Key West,
affoids ip a commercial point of
view, are,
Ist—lts vicipitj; to the |&laud, of
port of>Havana, haring a
ready market for all articles placed
there in depot, or left there by.the
wreckers, ot whom this is the ren
dezvous of those on the coast.
2d —lt being a convenient toucli
ing place for all vessels bound to nnd
from the Gulf of Mexico, Bay of
Honduras, and the Coasts of Loui
siana and Florida. ’
Asa naval station. Key West has
decidedly tjie advantage over all o
tbers IJiavq’ever known.
Ist—ln its susceptibility of fortifi
cation.
2d—The case and number of its
approaches with all winds.
3d Ihe difficulty of blockade, as
I have proved while'in command of
the Mexican squadron, it requiring
a blockading force equal to three or
four times the force to be blockaded,
to keep up an efficient blockade.
4t h—The ease wit h which supplies
may be thrown in, in despite of the
presence ofun enemy.
si.ii—Abundance of w r ood Sc water.
In speaking of Key West as a na
val station, I have reference only as
to its being employed ns a depot for
stores, and a rendezvous for our
ships of war; but even as a place for
the establishment of a navy yard, it
bus almost decidedly the advantage
over Pensacola, and every other
place south of the Chesapeake.
Ist—On account of its depth of
water.
Pensacola and all the other pla
ces alluded to only admitting sloops
of war, and these not with safety—
with the exception of the Tortngas,
w hich, although it has depth of \va
er sufficient, is devoid of ull other
advantages for the purpose of a na
vy yard.
2nd—lts more central situation
and facility of communication with,
and deriving all the advantages by
water of flic supplies from the north
ern and southern sections of our u
uion, viz: “Provisions from Louisia
na; spats and live oak from the Flo
rida* and Georgia; cordage, canvass,
iron, gunpowder, shot, Sew., from
the north. The distance from eith
er being short., the time, risk nnd
expense of furnishing them must ne
cessarily bo reduced, in proportion.
3d—lts salubrity of climate being
equal in every respect to that of
New Providence or any of the Baha
mas.
The rnajady with which the naval
forces under my command for the
suppression of piracy was afflicted,
had its origin in the excessive sever
ity of the duty performed, and the
total absence of every description of
comfort. This disease was contract
ed among the haunts of the pirates,
on the coast of Cuba, and not as is
generally supposed at Key West.
It has since been proved that du
ring the worst seasons the inhabit
ants of Key West have enjoyed as
great a share of health as any o
thcr in the npnc parallel, &, much
more than that of Pensacola, who
have been tfflictcd with pestilence,
and compelled to abandon the town,
while those of Key West and the
Mexican squadron there, have been
entirely exciqpt from sickness. It
is found that tire salubrity of Key-
West improves yearly by the fiiling
up of the ]loads, clearing the woods.
nnd by adding to the comfort of
those who reside there. It will not
be surprising if it should hereafter
become a place of resort to the in
habitants of our southern section du
ring the prevalence of the sicklv
seasons.
These facts and opinions arc sta
ted after an experience of nearly se-..
veil years.
Tho advantages of its location as
a military and naval station |iuve no
equal except Gibraltar.
Istr-It commands tho millet of
all the trade from Jamaica, the Car
t ihean Sea, the Bay of Honduras,
and the-GuJCof Mexico.
2d—lt protects the outlqt and in
let of aU the trade of the Gulf of
Mexico, the wiiold western country
of Louisiana and Florida*.
3d—lt. holds iu subjection the
trade of Cuba.
4th—lt is a check to tho naval
force of whatever nation may possess
Cuba. It is to Cuba what Gibral
tar is to Ceuta.
It is to the Gulf of Mexico, &,c.
w hat Gibraltar is to the Mediterran
ean.
1 Among its advantages ns a milita
ry positioamgy he enumerated nn
J abundance of free stone for building
f which being a concrete of coral and
* s s*silyiconverted into lime,
ftlao island B low, not beiug raott;
Hiatt fifteen or tvvinty. feet above the
level ot the ocean. The'channel in-’
to tlic inner harbor runs bold to its
western part, which makes wharves
ensy of construction. The soil is
rich, being formed of a vegetable
decomposition, mixed with sand and
shells. It produces aU the plants
and fruits of tho tropics with the
exception of coffee, and yields abun
dantly.
On the eastern part of the’ Island,
is a very extensive natural salt pond,
which, from every appearance, I
should judge with a moderate capi
tal nnd enter prise, might be made
to vie with any of those in the Brit
ish Bahamas.
Stock, of every description, live
and thrive-well on the Island, with
out requiring any care whatever, as,
has been abundantly proved by those
which I imported on account of the
United States from Cuba and the
Bahamas.
The thick growth of wood, with
which the island is covered, and
which affords.timber suitable for the
convention of small vessels; is filled
with deer and other game, and the
seas abound in the finest fish in the
world*
In making this statement respect
ing Key West, 1 am actuated by no
other feeling than tfie desire that my
country should not, by the prejudi
ces, partialities, interested views
and errors of others, be induced'to
lose sight of the great advantages
it presents—whether looked at in a
military, or a commercial point of
view.
The Naval rendezvous has been
removed from Key West to Pensa
cola, enormous amounts have been
expended on the Navy Yard.of the
latter place, and it is now found
unsuited to the purpose for which
it was designed—un effort is now
making to form a naval establish
ment on the insulated cluster of sand
keys called the dry Tortugas, which
may easily be surrounded by a small
enemy’s force, exposed to his can
non without entering the harbor,
which atl’pids neither wood nor wa
ter, nor scarcely any kind of vegeta
tion, and have the insuperable ob
jection of not affording a sufficient
area of land on which to form a na
val establishment of even a very lim
ited extent.
Nature appears to have formed it
for a place of deposit - for the eggs of
the turtle arid sea birds, and the art
of man can make very little more of
it.
Key \\ est has been tried, and is
proved to possess all the advantages
which are desirable in a depot and
rendezvous. It is proved that the
only objection, in salubrity of climate,
has no foundation in fact.—Where!
then is the necessity of making fur
ther disbursements on useless expe
riments when one lias already been
made in Key West, and has preved
satisfactory ?
With great respect, your
obedient servant,
DAVID PORTER.
The Hornet. —Our wrost fears re
garding the fate of this noble vessel,
and her gallant crew are strengthen
ed—if alas! not confirmed, by the
following statement which we find ir,
the Mobile Register of the Bth inst
“We learn by a Gentleman direct
from Now Orleans, that intelligence
had reached that city from Tampico,
that a number of Hats such as arc
worn by seamen in our public vessels
with the word “Hornet” on them,
had drifted ashore on the coast in
that vicinity. This report was cre
dited at New’Orleans.”
The tenor of recent intelligence is
rather unfavorable than atherwisn to
the prospect of a restoration of the
West India Trade to this country.
B the present effect he unsuccessful,
the attainment of that important ob
ject, at any future time, is hopeless.
Upon the remarks in relation to the
negotiations now going on in London,
quoted by us yesterday, the New
York American subjoins the follow
ing, which are worthy of the deep
consideration ol those oppossed to the
protecting system, in support of
which this sacrifice wifi he made;
If without any adverse indications
from this sidq of the water, ErHaod
was then hesitating as to the expe
diency of re-opening the West Indies:
*° us > even 1° procure an abatement
of our duties manufactures
what will hehcr course when made
acquainted wjtfi the report of the Ta
riff of the GomiaUiee of Mainifactu
ro/i iq tius House efiiepreeanttt. fives ?
That Report proceeds upon tlieTixV
press ground, that i# is in ex pedinnt to
attempt arty modification oft be Ta
riff, the end that our own citizens
and foreign nations may thereby un
derstand, that the protecting
is the established and unalterable po
licy of this eonfttry. Great Britaio
cannot buYkldk upon this Report
declaring the sepse of the House of
Representatives, if it shall not be re
jected, that neither liy legislation
nor treaty, shotfffl the tariff principle
be departed frp.pi.
With sueffn weight suddenly cast’
into the already inclining sca!jnf
English exclusiveness—it can hardly,
be expected but. that the propositions
of the American negotiation will Rich
the beam.
The Philadelphia Gazette asl*a,-
18 it not a little strange that thepfo
eeedings of Georgia towards the fu
dians should attract so much publie
attention, while those of Ohio to*
wards the blacks have been suffered
to pass almost without notice? if
the ingenuity of opposition pnrtizaffs
could possibly distort the conduct of
Ohio towards the blacks into an ait-’
gumer.t, or a ground for flaming-?
speeches against the Executive, ther©
would be as many public meetings,.(
probably, with regard to the
rights of the negroes, as there have
been on the Indian question. Bqf
any expression of feeling for the Ohio
blacks, as it would not be likely to
effect party objects, would be c nsid* ‘
ered a vain expenditure of humanity. ,
I bus do we find the same men who
were in favor of the removal of tire ‘
Indians, when the measure was re
commended by President Adams,
warmly opposed to it, and crying-’
shame ! against Georgia, now that it
is recommended by President Jack
sou. Not less than three of tbeftpest-’
kers at the meeting which recentW
took place ih Pailadelphia on the In?
dian question acknowledged them
selves to have been highly in fiivoi?
of the removal; hut, recent examina*
tion of the question, forsooth, has etf
tirely changed their views cf the gfcb*
ject.— E. Post. .
The Way to be Sick.— The indi
vidual who is desirous of n severe att
tact ot disease, or who wishes to get;
rid of life in severe agonies, should,
when wet to the skin, and benumrdfc
by cold, dry himself before a large ,
fire, and toss down a glass of spirsi
or hot toddy. It may lie ri plied,Yhat?{
many have pursued this
with little or no inconvenience* - ’
A vigorous system can, it is true, do
many things which would bo desti ne-’
five to the more weakly. Let them,
however, in tampering with
their health, and the effects wo hare
premised will sooner or later most
certainly occur. .
I he individual, on the other linnff,
who wishes to run no risk, hut to pre
serve his health and life, should
change with nil possible speed big
wet cloathing, persist in .moderate
exercise until the heat of the body it?
again restored, approaching the fire
only by degrees; or, what is evetr
preferable, it the exposure to cold
and wet lias been of some continu
ance retire, at once to bed, nnd
drink moderately of tepid barley-wa
ter, balm tea, or gruel.
Journal of Health.
—••a—
Emtgral/08.-TliecrfiiorofilieS. Ennisl.V.icn B ‘
tlm d’ S "- Vt —“ AU “ccoonts ami opinions a pro*
that ihe emigration of,he present year ejem-rf*
an, thing ever before seen in this quarter. Trie
inc Masses ‘ roads Hr '’ fiU ** d >*• mov
*s “"TV. lhe two great routs are by Louis-’
Viiie and Vincennes, urn! hy Ford's Ferry or
Sliawnectown. At this plane e see a constant
wXrr v T ~s nn v c . hic, ’ r. 2
, 3 • team boats. I his come in good time,
,u y *occ and excellence of every species of
ve.^'K? n,ed £VC ‘ J ° ‘ hiS lan ” as - J-
Goods to nearly the amount - of ten tl,'o„s*ntf
dollars, would have proUgWvtcen lot hv
Bevsn L Humphreys, of i'hiladelphia on the
mght ofttie 12th inst. had it not been for a >
discovery by the private watchman and the actb ,
yof Captain Clark. The-an-who |, * i *
and pnrUy erected the robt/ry, m„ s ,
a more at ” P rop aply constitute a m*, J
and more extensive conspiracy, ‘ V
in l rn vdl„'l* I C,; n ' W *” “■<*
m e rillage of H.vaia, Tioga countv, N. V A
lately seined by a mimb*, - of persons disguised
onatail and ra,W ‘hrongt, thevilh,/e
on (I rent. The cause assigned for the ot,trace fs
repeated acts of se purity towards I,is wif/ the
ol winch W a S M att( . m p, , 0 cu , {hl o J™
RiDtcttt.ous,—’Vhen females abandon tlm do. -
mestte concerns necessarily attendant on a goo* ’
l oose keeper, for the mote masculine labour,
a Politician it yi high time for statesmen to aban.
don their profession. We extract the fpllowin
fioia tiie N* ) . Courier.
Female Politicians.—One of the Baltimow.
coalition papers insert, n long somimemalirrf
cle about the removal of the Indians, and s v . L‘
,s from the pen of a Philadcl,*ia lady. WiU,
dec deference, the fait one would be a , well e^.
traged darning her stockings
attending her family, at i n ttrhliw
