News & planters' gazette. (Washington, Wilkes County [sic], Ga.) 1840-1844, December 03, 1840, Image 2
.•rntd the mountainous
orgia possesses more min
es than any other'ofthe United
& that almost every mineral in the
•u will be found within her borders.—
.den of science are looking to Georgia for
the full developement of her resources—
surely every enlightened citizen of this fa
vored State, must be, will be, ready to en
courage and to patronise a thorough inves
tigation.
Botany and natural history of the State
are also contemplated in the instruction.—
These are attended to and will appear in
the consolidated report of the survey of the
whole State.
A young lady has volunteered her ser
vices to make a collection of all the differ
ed species ofthe plants found in Georgia,
to arrange and classify the same in an Her-
Barium for the State. The work as far as
she has gone, is for inspection at the Geolo
gical office.
I have experienced great inconvenience
in the want of some vehicle to convey bag
gage, specimens, Ac. as my barouche is
only sufficient for the various instruments
necessary in the prosecution of the survey.
A thermometrical register has been kept
ever since I commenced the survey—the
daily and monthly mean heat,, eourses of
winds, weather, Sic., accurately noted, to
gether withvevery place wh’re the observa
tions are made.
It was my intention to have commenced
my operations at the place 1 left last year,
and to have carried up my western section
to the State line, from the Pine Mountain
in Harris, but after consulting some of the
members from these counties in the last
session of the Legislature, I was advised
not to attempt it until March or April, on
account of the badness of the roads in the
winter season in those parts. Not wishing
to remain idle, I commenced the transverse
section line of the State at the falls on Sa
vannah river near Augusta, and traversed
the same one hundred miles to the lower
part of Jones county, noting every thing
relative to the Geological formation, and
making a drawing of the same. This is one
of themostimportantlir.es in a Geological
or Agricultural sense that can be made in
the survey, as it passes on the edge of the
primitive and secondary strata, and through
the intermediate rocks, or transition if there
be any such, and divides the two great re
gions of the State. It passes through Rich
mond, part of Columbia, Warren, Hancock,
Baldwin, Jones, Bibb, part of Morgan,
/Crawford, Talbot, part of Harris and Mus
/ cogee. It divides the two great belts which
/ pass from Virginia through North and
South Carolina, and Georgia, in a west
south-west direction. On the south of it is
the great shell lime and marl formation,
together with the sand. Both
possess peculiar advantages in an agricul
tural view. The lower is best calculated
for the growing of cotton—the upper for
that of grain. It was my intention to have
carried this line through to the Chattahoo
chee, and then to have proceeded northwest
\ through the frontier counties to the State
)line, which 1 should have completed by the
f first of July if no accident had occurred ;
but the rainy season commenced on the 14th
of March and continued so long and violent
that it was impracticable to proceed. I re
turned to Warren county, and explored it
in every part as the weather would permit.
My progress was daily interrupted by rain
and the rise of the water which detained
me in the county nearly two months. War
ren is situated directly on the edge of the
primitive and secondary regions, and em
braeessome ofboth ; of course it comprises
a great variety of soils- The northern part
is a thin sandy soil, and is what is termed
siliceous —it is immediately above the lime
formation, and some traces of argillaceous
and shell marl are found on the extremes
of Brier creek and Rocky Comfort. These
are branches from the great formation,
which passes through Jefferson and Wash
ington. They might be profitably applied
to the sandy land in the vicinity, but no ac
count is made of them at present. The
fact is, the planters in this region have yet
to learn the science of Agriculture and the
spirit of enterprise. The rocks in the low
er part of Warren, at the falls on Sweet
Water are granite and gneiss, the- upper
part of which is decomposed into a coarse
sandstone. There is some very fine gran
ite for building in this part of the county, it
is fine grained and may be cleaved into
blocks of almos. any dimensions. There
are several tracts of excellent land in
the lower part of Warren, but in general
it is poor. The creeks *nd branches are
bordered with excellent alii'vial soils, but
at present there is but little attention paid
to clearing and ditching them. “The In
dian ponds and Newsom’s ponds,” nine and
a half mile southeast from Warrenton, con
tain a tract 6f good land, a deep deposite of
vegetable and animal matter, wholly de
composed. The surrounding land is fer
ruginous, of a dark chocolate color, having
nearly equal proportions of sand and clay
with a small portion of lime and iron. They
are the best lands in the south-east part of
the county and will average about one
thousand acres. There is a bed of iron ore
of an inferior quality on Brier creek about
two miles N. W. from the falls. It will
not yield more than eighteen per cent, of
pure iron.
Near Warrenton the land changes. It
improves in quality; a belt of fine ferrugin
ous sand and clay passes a little below
Warrenton south west through the county,
on which there is some of the first rate pro
ductive land. This increases in fertility
as it spreads out north and west increasing
in fineness and in its argillaceous nature,
until it passes into the ferro argillaceous
and green sand formation” on the branches
of Little River. The upper and western
part of the county, taken as a whole, is the
best and most productive land. It has a
substratum of feldspathic gneiss, with veins
of sienite and hornblende slate which de
composing form the most productive soils.
In purchasing land in this ctmnty to the
view of a settlement, the sub-soil and sub
stratum should beexamined.forasall earths
ara the result of the decomposition of cer
tain rocks, the composition of those rocks
will determine the soil. If the substratum
be siliceous granite or fine grained gneiss,
or grey sand stone, the soil there, at first
productive, will soon be exhausted under
the common mode of culture ; it will be
coarse, siliceous and gravelly. If the sub
stratum be feldspathic gneiss, or sienite, *or
hornblende slate, and this jointed or broken
into shingles, the soil is deep ferro argilla-”
ceous and permanent, and in this part of
the State generally contains beds of green
sand, which is more fertilizing than marl or
lime by reason ofthepotassa which it con
tains. Hence no man can be a successful
agriculturalist without some knowledge of
the principles of Geology and Mineralogy.
Few minerals of value except iron could
be discovered in this county. I collected a
few specimens for the cabinet, of different
kinds; I shall not have space to describe
them here, I confine myself wholly to econ
omical Geology in this report. I reserve
the scientific part for the consolidated re
port of the'whole State, when every geolo
gical feature in each county will be
respectively treated. Every part has been
minutely described in my journal, as well
as drawings of peculiar sections which is
free to your excellency’s inspection and
disposal. It is not, I presume, expected
that I can do more, in this report, conersey
as it must be, tyan describe the general fea
tures of the ground which I have traversed
the present season.
After making a minute examination of
every part! of the county of Warren, l made
preparations to proceed to the western sec
tion of the State. But on my arrival at
Sparta, an unprecedented flood swept off
the bridges and so damaged the roads, that
I found it impracticable to proceed 1 at that
time ; I therefore concluded to examine a
section of counties on the east side of the
Oconee river, from Washington to Union.
Hancock, like Warren, is situated on
the primitive and secondary regions, and
like that, comprises a part of both. The
land of the south part is more ferruginous,
and there are many fertile tracts, but there
is much land that is hardly worth cultivat
ing, and that which has been cultivated is
washed and denuded of its soil. Beds of
argillaceous marl of an excellent quality
are deposited on Buffalo creek, and might
be obtained in sufficient quantity to reno
vate the land in the vicinity. The land
lies well; has a good sub-soil and needs
only enterprise to restore it to its primitive
fertility.
Hancock abounds in excellent granite,
and in a great many parts it rises to the sur
face and may be quarried without much
difficulty. The upper part of the county
is feldspathic gneiss with veins and dykes
of sienite, green stone, Sic.
The soil in the vicinity of Sparta, altho’
the hills are denuded, is strong,. and under
proper management, would be very fertile.
The sub-soil, wbichv in most places, is near
the surface, is ferro argillaceous of a deep
red color, and when exposed for any length
of time, is perfectly pulverulent, and be
comes, when dressed with manure, highly
productive. There are traces of green sand
in all the sub-soil of the ferro argillaceous
formations in this county. The soil at Pow
elton is of the same kind, and although
much exhausted by bad management, still
possesses a good foundation, and might be
easily reclaimed by agricultural skill.—
Brown liginte is found embeded in blue mi
caceous sand and clay, twenty-seven feet
below the surface, at a place six miles south
of Sparta. It has been considered by some
as bituminous coal, and they have inferred
that there was a bed of coal, contiguous to
it; but there are no signs of such a treasure
near the place, and the geological position
will not justify such an inference. There
is no shale or slate to be found, and the red
sand stone is not of that kind which consti
tutes the coal formation. Calcaneous and
argillaceous marl is in abund .nee on the
line of the county, about six miles west of
the Ogeechee shoals, and in a proper state
for manure.
A large bed of iron ore is on the east side
of Buffalo. It will yield from thirty to for
ty per cent, of pure iron. There is another
large bed near Sheffield’s ferry, twelve
miles west by north of Sparta ; this last is
the most valuable, and may be procured in
any quantity.
The largest tract of good land south of
Sparta in the county, is on Buffalo creek.
Most of the land on the creek and its
branches is first rate for corn or cotton, and
is as good as can be found in any of the
south-eastern counties. In addition, there
are inexhaustible beds of argillaceous marl
in the lower part which might be advanta
geously applied as a manure. Few coun
ties are so favorably situated for the exer
cise of a spirit of agricultural ente'rprizeas
Hancock. On one side there are numer
ous beds of marl, on the other, beds of what
is technical ly termed green sand, and with
soils to which they are peculiarly appro
priate. It see ms as though nature design
ed this solely for an agricultural district
with the best soil ana’ sub-soil in the world.
She places at the disposal of the proprietors
the most potent mineral manures ever yet
applied to land. I believe that a spirit of
improvement is beginning to h? elicited and
soon we shall see Hancock resume its
pristine fertility. They need only infor
mation regarding their soils, and so/ue
knowledge of the true principles and prac
tice of agriculture to render I?er whole
county what it has been, ami probably
much of it more productive.
Some of the best land in the county is on
Shoulder Bone creek and its branches, ex
tending from near the county fine to its
junction with the Oconee. The land near
the mouth is rolling, and in fact the surface
is rolling throughout like'whole length of
the creek, but there are no hills of much
elevation, most of them have been in an
high state of fertility, but by bad manage
ment, they have been denuded of their prop
er soil. There is however an excellent
subsoil remaining of the ferro-argillaceous
variety containing in its composition the
silicated protoxide of iron and pot-ash,
which, when prevented from washing, will
soon recover its fertility. Many of the en
terprising farmers in the upper part of the
county, are making experiments to reclaim
if possible, their exhausted lands, and they
have in part succeeded. The plan is to hor
izontalize, as it is called, both by ditching
and ploughing. If properly managed, the
land is effectually secured from the effects
ofthe most washing rains, as the past sea
son has proved. Washing is a greater
evil in ferro argillaceous land than in any
other where there is a deep pulverulent sub
soil and beds of green sand—such is the
land in Mt. Zion and vicinity. The ditch
es must be made so as to suit the contour of
the ground, and at a distance from each
other corresponding with the declivity. If
the hill be steep, they must be in the same
proportion nearer each other. If the sur
face of the hill be irregular, the ditches
must be made so as to correspond with the
irregularity ; that is, the curves passing
the ridges must deviate more from a straight
course. All the ditches must communi
cate with a marginal ditch sufficiently
deep to receive all the water of the hori
zontal ditches. Two deep furrows with a
plough is generally sufficient for all com
mon fields. The most hilly land in this
county that is cultivated, will not require
ditches nearer than fifty feet, but they
should be parallel to each other, and the
, ploughed furrows should also be parallel.
The earth from the ditches should form an
embankment on their lower margins. If
these ditches be properly constructed, and
their curves made to correspond with the
undulations ofthe surface, the soil between
them will be effectually guarded against
washing. In most fields they need not be
more than one foot in depth, and two in
width, provided the earth taken from the
ditch be made an embankment. These
ditches being nearly horizontal, serve in a
degree to irrigate the soil and thus rapidly
to increase its fertility. Should this meth
od be generally adopted by the planters of
the upper part of Hancock, the lands in one
or two years would assume an entirely dif
ferent appearance and their produce would
be, doubled.
There is a locality of steatite, or soap
stone, on Shoulder-bone creek, nine miles
north-west from Sparta; it is soft, easily
cut or sawed, and might be useful for chim
nies.
A belt of the green sand formation passes
through the upper part of the county, which
renders this land valuable. I find on an
alysis, that this contains from 14
to 15 per cent, of potassa. This is what,
in a geological sense, is called the upper
greensand, and differs somewhat from that
in south-western Georgia, which is the
lower. It is however, equally valuable as
a manure. For these lands, it is considered
preferable to plaister of paris, lime, or
marl. The belt is narrow, but it may be
found 1 in detached beds on almost every
plantation that contains the ferro argilla
ceous earth. The farmers who wish to
make Haneeck their permanent residence,
would find; it for their interest to seach
for it.
The situation of green sand in Shoulder
bone is nearly a mile wide, but it is found
occasionally six or eight miles below. It
is found on an average about 8 feet from
the surface. An excavation was made in
to 1 the stratum to the depth of ten feet with
out getting through it. The quality im
proves with the depth. I analized a speci
men taken from the lower part of this stra
tum—in one hundred parts were the follow
ing—silicated protoxide of iron, 22.
Potassa, 10.5
Lime, a trace
The land in the lower part of Green
county is granitic except near the creeks
and branches, where it is ferruginous. The
substratum is a coarse gneiss and the sur
face is strewed with fragmentary rocks of
gneiss and granite, with large boulders of
the latter weighing several tons. The sur
faces of all the rocks exposed to the weath
er, are in a state of decomposition, but as
they contain no great quantity of feldspar
they afford but little clay to the soil. The
south-western corner of the county near the
river, and on Richland creek, especially, is
very fine productive land. It is ferro ar
gillaceous and contains beds of green sand
of a good quality for manure. Richland
creek is within the ferro argillaceous and
green sand formation, and is bordered by
good land for most of its course. The great
ferro argillaceous belt enters the county at
the north-east, and passes in a west south
west course through it. The town of
Greensborough is situated on it. In .this
formation green sand is deposited, although
it is occasionally found thirty miles above,
though not in general of so rich a quality.
The formation in Green will average about
five miles in width. This contains the best
land in the county taken as a whole. ‘ But
there are large tracts of excellent lantj,’ in
all parts of the county. And the citizens
are determined to improve it. An agricul
tural spirit and zeal pervades the whole
county. They are an highly intelligent,
moral & enterprising class of citizens, and
they seem determined that Green shall not
be behind her sisters in agricultural im
provement.
Above and below the ferro argillaceous
belt the soil alternates, first a belt of grey
siliceous earth and the ferruginous sand and
clay, both of them run parallel with the
ferro argillaceous, and although fertile at
first they are sooner exhausted than the
la'ter, unless constantly manured.
There are no minerals of much conse
quence, except the green sand, to be found
in the counJv. There are some beds of
iron ore, but it is not rich in metal. There
is also a vein of the’ gold formation on the
land of Robert Newsom in quartz rock. It
appears to belong to the vein in Lincoln,
but ! doubt its being valuable. I have ob
tained some very fine cabinet specimens of
minerals from this county, a description of
which must be reserved for the general re
port.
There is a tract of excellent land in the
fork of the Oconee and Apalachee. A ridge
divides the waters of each, on both sides of
which may be found as good land as any in
the county.
Clark county taken generally is not
equal to Green in point of fertility, although
there are many tracts of excellent fertile
land. But there does not appear to be that
spirit of imptovement in this county as in
Green. Whether this can be attributed to
the quality of the soil, or to the want of ag
ricultural skill, I am unable to‘determine,
for as a county, the citizens are as intelli
gent and industrious as those of any other
county in the State. The best land in the
county is on the east side of the north Oco
nee, here are beds of green sand of a very
excellent quality. It is found in small quan
tities as far as Watkinsville. There are
several beds of iron ore in different parts of
the county. There is a bed of Potters clay
on Barber’s creek, twelve miles from Ath
ens. The substratum of most of the coun
ty is gneiss. A dyke of fine’ grained gran
ite constitutes the upper falls on the Jack
son line. This passes into sienite and horn
blende rocks on one side, and micaceous
gneiss on the other. I have collected spe
cimens of various minerals in the county,
but this is not the place to describe them.
Jackson, taken as a whole, is an excel
, lent county of land, situated as it were, at
the base ofthe mountains, the natural con
clusion would be, that it was a fertile tract
of land. I have particularly examined ev
ery part, and I am free to say that I consid
er it to be superior on an average, to the
counties of Walton, Clark, or Gwinnett. A
great part of it is a fine ferruginous sand
and clay. The substratum is feldspathic
gneiss with green -Stone and sienite, and
where these rocks are found we may be
sure of good soil. It is favorably situated
with regard to water. Besides numerous
creeks und branches, three rivers pass
through it, making large tracts of deep al
luvial grounds. The ridges between the
streams and the extreme north-west have a
‘thin siliceous soil. The table land on Hall
line, though level, is poor and gravelly. It
is one thousand and seventy-eight feet a
bove the level of the Ocean.
There are beds of good iron ore in almost
every part, and the streams afford excellent
sites for the erection of furnaces for smelt
ing, mills, &c.
I have thus given your Excellency an ep
itome of my survey as far as I have pro
ceeded ; more than two thousand square
miles have been explo.ed the present sea
son, amidst a daily interruption by rain and
consequent destruction of roads and bridges;
more than half the time I have been de
tained by the weather. Double the num
ber of counties would have been explored
in common seasons. Should the weather
continue favorable, I shall probably com
plete the survey of Hall and Lumpkin by
the first of November. I have labored ev
ery day that the weather would permit,
without indulging myself with a recess, as
has been usual in the heat of summer, and
hope that my exertions will meet your Ex
cellency’s approbation and that ofthe Hon
able Legislature.
In conclusion, I beg leave to present
your Excellency with a few remarks on the
benefits of a geological survey to Agricul
ture.
1. The Planter or Farmer knowing from
experiment and observation, the soils which
are best fitted for the growing of particular
crops, should ascertain what the rocks are
in any particular district, and whether they
are such as are likely to produce by their
disintegration rich and abundant crops. If
the rocks are entirely siliceous, he ought to
add clay and carbonate of lime; or marl, if
it be argillaceous, will answer the purpose
of both, in due proportions in order to effect
a proper admixture. If there is too much
clay in the soil supplied by the subjacent
strata, in consequence of which the soil is
wet, cold and other ways unfavorable, then
he should correct the soil by the addition of
sand.
2. The agriculturist, if he knows the for
mation of a county, the character of which
he is not otherwise acquainted with, is en
abled to select that part which is most like
ly to yield a fertile soil. And the same
remark which applies to a person who is
about to commence farming operations in
an unknown district, applies also to the
case of a person purchasing a plantation.
If he is desirous of having land capable of
producing fertile crops and a permanent
soil, he will prefer the feldspathic gneiss
and limestone districts, and avoid the gran
itic and grey sand-stone. If he wishes for
rich grazing land, he will prefer the trap
hills and sienite. This information is pe
culiarly important in the middle and north
ern sections of Georgia, where no other
means exist of discovering previously the
productiveness of the land.
3. Nothing is so important to a farmer
as a knowledge of the causes of the wet
ness and dryness in a soil, and the means
which he should adopt to correct the excess
of either. Some of his crops may bear or
require a dryer soil than others ; and if he
knows the nature ofthe rocks which occur
in different parts of it where the water will
escape of itself through the subjacent stra
ta, and those where he may supply the
means ofdrainage, which nature has denied.
At the same time he is enabled to select
those parts of the soil, which by their dry
ness or moisture, are best adapted to partie
ular crops.
4. A knowledge ofthe position of partic
ular strata, enables the farmer to obtain a
supply of water when he requires it, and
therefore, saves him much trouble and ex
pense in searching or digging for it. For
ifhe makes himself acquainted with the
nature, direction and dips of the rocks, he
can tell to a certainty, in what direction the
water which filtered through the soil will
run and where it will burst out in the form
of a spring.
5. To agriculturists and especially plan
ters in the middle and southern parts of
Georgia particularly, and even 49 the citi
zens of the whole State who are desirous
ofimproving their lands, and wish to be ac
quainted with valuable mineral resources,
with which their lands abound, a thorough
geological and agricultural survey of the
State is of the utmost importance. It will
develope stores of mineral manure with
which this State abounds, direct the mode
of application and designate the soils to
which they are peculiarly udapt]^H||lfß
the trouble and expense of exper!DHH
which very few at present are
perform.
6. A knowledge of places where gor j
building materials for roads, bridges, and el
lings, Ac., may be found and quarried is of
vast importance to a civilized community.
But without some acquaintance with the
nature and positions of rocks in a district,
it is impossible to discover, unless by acci
dent, the particular spots where suitable
stone can be found, and to what depth it
must be sought. By following the princi
ples of Geology, a person may not only
know the species of rock that exists one
hundred feet or more below the surface,
but the depth that he would have to ex
cavate to arrive at it, without the expense
of digging, even though there may be dif
ferent strata of rock above. These princi
ples, geology points out with mathematical
accuracy, and they are adopted in every
geological survey. These are some of the
advantages which would result to agricul
turists by judicious geological and agricul
tural surveys. It is hoped these remarks
will be received as they are intended, not
as elicited by interested pecuniary motives,
but by a sincere desire that the citizens of
my favorite adopted State may duly appre
ciate the importance of the great enterprise
undertaken with-a single eye. to their good
and the interest,.of science, and prosecuted,
with unremitting labor, privations and dis.
appointments to the present time ; but I do
not despair. By the blessing of Heaven, I
can accomplish the task.
I have the honor to beyour Excellency’s
Most obedient and very
Humble servant,
JOHN RUGGLES COTTING,
State Geologist.
NEWS AND GAZETTE.
principles and. men.
WASHINGTON, GA.
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1840.
To Correspondents.
Upon examination of the poetical compo
sition ofour friend G., we have thought it
most advisable, not to publish it. There
are many sparks of true poety in it, but we
think the author would succeed much bet
ter in prose articles after a little practice.
We call the attention of the public, to the
sales of valuable property in this place, on
the first Tuesdays, of January and Febru
ary. Capitalists will find it to their inter
est to attend these sales.
Judge Colquitt, has resigned his seat in
Congress.
The House ofßepresentatives, have pas
sed a Bill, appointing the first day of Feb
ruary next, as the day for the resumption
of specie payments, by the Banks of this
State.
It is probably already known to most of
our readers,that the difficulty in the Senate,
in relation to the choice of a U. S. Senator,
is for the present put to rest, by the Van
Buren portion of that body, consenting to
take no action upon their offensive proposi
tion, to lay the resolution appointing a day
for the election of a United States Senator,
on the table, for the balance of the session.
The effect of that proposition, if carried,
would have been, that no election for Sen
ator could have been had during the pres
ent session, and that the minority, only, of
the people of Georgia, would have been rep
resented in the Senate ofthe United States.
To prevem this, the Whig portion of the
State Senate, had no other alternative, than
to vacate their seats, they being temporari
ly in the minority, on account of the ab
sence ofsofiie HdfHson Senators; but yet
representing, as they did a large majority
ofthe people of Georgia, their duty to their
constituents called upon them to use this
only means, to preVeht the many, from be
ing defrauded by the few.
This is no new frick of the Loco-Focos.
They have practised it successfully once
before in Virginia. But we had hoped
there was sincerity enough in their profes
sions of Democracy here, to keep them from
using so base an artifice to defraud the
people of their rights. But this event
proves the truth of what has often been
said of their protestations of love for the
“ dear people,” that like the kiss of Judas,
they were used only to betray. But the
day, when their senseless clamors
and whining entreaties for the peoples’ fa
vor, were taken for Gospel, has passed, and
we may look upon these attempts, to defeat
the popular will as the last efforts of an ex
piring faction.
The attempt to defeat the election of a
Senator,will doubtless be renewed; and it is
incumbent on all true republicans, to do
their utmost to prevent them from carrying
out their base purpose. More especially
do the state of things in the Legislature, and
other circumstances, call upon the people
the State Si-inM| ,
mg it ‘iniproba ‘ i'.! f -T. “,
Milledgeville, until the
session, A learning the emergency
solutely required the presence of a Senator
from Wilkes, with a noble disregard of seif,
worthy of all praise, immediately resigned
his seat,“'and requested that another * “jood
Harrison man and true” might be elected
to fill his place. Anew election has been
ordered by the Governor; and the Justices
ofthe Inferior Court, upon whom the duty
of fixing the day devolved, have pj-omptly
ordered it to take place on “MONDAY
NEXT, the 7t4i inst.” as Will be seen by
their advertisement.
Seldom has it fallen to the people of any
one county, to decide in so,important a mat
ter. Wilkes,- by thiSi.Election, will,place
the Harrison party ift-Cn undoubted majori
ty in the State’Seijati;’told to the citizens
of Wilkes, it i&given to Setermiife, tvhctHer
a majority es p*ople of Georgia shall
rule, or their rights be taken away by the
•tricks of an artful minority ; On them, in
effect, has devolved the choice of a United
States Senator, and every one who respects
our free institutions, should use his best ex
ertions imthis election. /. •
- 1 ‘■ /-
South Carolina Senator. —‘Mr. Calhoum’s
term of office expires on the 4th of Ma<r C h
next.’ It is supposed he will not be a can
didate for re-election..
Robbing the Grave. V.
We understand the Van Buren men
this county, are attempting to raise the dead
carcase ofthe liquor petition out of its grave,
for the purpose of electioneering against
our candidate for Senator. Filthy work,
to be sure, and all to no purpose; the people
are not to be deluded again by ’ that stale
humbug. By the way, are not these loco
focos pretty fellows, to bellow so loudly a
gainst the humbug of “hard cider,” and
then attempt to ride into office on the whis
key humbug. Come out to the polls,
Harrison men, and we will beat the can
didate they have started, badly.
By calculations lately made in England, 1
upon the comparative safety of Rail Road,
and Stage Coach travelling, the pre- J
ponderance of safety, in favor of the first o- I
,ver the latter, has been found to be as six- X
teen to one- This proportion may hot
the satire in the United ’ States, when tile
Roads are not so carefully built and man
aged, but there can be little doubt that the
chances of safety are much in favor of
Rail Roods.
From Milledgeville.
■ . Milledoeville, Nov. 28, 1840.
Dear Sir, —We are again quiet here.—
The.outrageous attempt of the Van Buren
Senatpffi.to defeat the voice of the people of
Georgia, has failed, and they have been
forced by the general indignation of the
county, to recede from their position, and
reluctantly to yield submission to the pop.
ular will. How shall they escape the with
ering contempt, and condemnation of every
honest man in Georgia? They cannot es
cape it. They in vain attempted to control
a majority of the people by falsehood, de
ceit and fraud; having failed,they have the
baseness to try to avail themselves of the
absence of Senators, from providential caus
es, to cheat the people out of-the benefits of
their splendid victory over a Vicious aiid
corrupt government. You perceive that
Guieu, of the Constitutionalist, defends the
conduct of the Van Buren Senators. But
he has fallen so low in public estimation,
from his free usei of “sling, slander, base
assertions, and hhsu'pj>ort£d charges,” that
his defence cannc£ norip
jure his for enemies he- cannot
have ; no man of common sense'Would take
the trouble to ddSpise him. Praise or hi ante
therefore, from such", a source, must be
equally indifferent to friend or opponent.—
By the,way, it is a nice question vwhere the
boot lay, when the “Constitutionalist” was
substituted for the ‘ ‘lndependent Press.”—
What would be the case made out by the
Van Buren Senators, if they had tie auda
city to address the insulted people- of Geor
gia. It would be thislt is true, that on
the first Monday ih October, you elected a
majority of both branches of the General
Assembly against us. It is true,
confirmed that verdict by a terrific voice,on
the first Monday in November, and declar
ed that seven of us are misrepresenting you,
by supporting Van Buren, and\ ‘ .policyj
of his.friends, (that number of couSutShav
ing gone fcr Harrison, in November, which
went’fdf'Van in October.) It is true on the
contrary, that the “sober second thought”
of the people, sustained every one of our op
ponents in November. But by the provi
dence of God, we accidentally got into a i
majority, by the absence of a number of
Harrison Senators; we claim the right of
using that majority, to defeat the popular