Newspaper Page Text
Wuoston Daily Advertiser.
BPpPk bank party.
Pr partisans of Gen. Jackson and Mr.
Pan Buren have attempted to fix upon their
opponents, the designation of the bank party.
If by this appellation is meant a party in
favor of regulating the bank*, instead of
destroying them, and in favor ofa judicious
ly regulated system of banking, in prefer
ence to banks without regulations and with
out capital, it is not misapplied. But if it
is intended to imply that the Whigs, as a
party,have been instrumental in promoting
the extravagant increase of bank capital,
and bank circulation in the country, it is
grossly misapplied. They were for the
most part in favor of the continuance of the
Hank of the United States, chiefly on the
ground that it operated as a check upon the
extravagant and excessive issues of the lo
cal banks, and consequently as a check
upon the multiplication of hanks in places
where the actual wants of business did not
demand them, and where the legitimate
business'of banking would not support them.
That bank was destroyed by Gen. Jackson
and his followers, noton the ground of gen
eral hostility to banks; but from a disposi
tion to favor and promote the increase of lo- ;
cal hanks, and the special design of cstab. ;
lishing the Pet Batik system. The conse- j
quence has been, as was foreseen, the enor
mous increase of local banks. The pet
bank system soon exploded, to the dismay of
its authors: but its mischiefs in part still
exist. That such has been the result is
not matter of opinion and conjecture, but
of fact. It is the Jackson and Van Buren
Administration, and their supporters, who
liave been the authors of the excessive in
crease of banks in the country, and who
ought therefore to be called the bank party.
In proof of this position we refer the reader
to the following elaborate, and as we be
lieve correct statement, which we copy
From the Newark Daily Advertiser.
The subjoined tables will be found to con
tain much valuable information. No. 1
exhibits in the first column the number of
banks and authorized capital in the States,
Territories, &c., on the first of January,
1820. The second column shows the num
ber of banks and authorized capital on the
Ist January l s 3o. Thus demonstrating
the gradual and cautious increase of bank
capital from 1820 to 1830, and its bound
less and visionary expansion during the 7
successive years.
The facts here disclosed must be as
tounding to every one who has not minute
ly examined the subject. They show that
from 1820 to 1830 the increase of banks
throughout the country was only 22, and
the increase of capital $7,951,557, while
from 1830 to 1837 there were 348 new
banks chartered with §268,128,900 eap’l.
The second table, No. 2, exhibits the
predominant party in the various State
Legislatures, Territories, &c., during the
period from 1830 to 1837, when the 343
new banks were created, as referred to, in
the first table. The Legislatures of the
Territories being subject to the coutrol of
the National Administration, in the regula
tion of its policy, the Governor of each ter
ritory being appointed by the President, &c
and Congress being the local Legislature
of the District of Columbia, they are prop
erly classed with the party in power.
By an enumeration: of the Legislatures
of the various States, it will be found that
118 were Jackson and Van Buren, 4 Caf
houn, and 40 anti-Jackson, or Whig.
It is proper to observe that, although the
Legislaturesof the various States were anti-
Jackson during the period from 1838'to
1837, still it was not unnatural that they
should have been influenced by the pervad
ing policy of the General Government, of
creating State Banks to supply the vacuum
occasioned by the veto of the United States
Bank, thus aiding the formation of that
league ofdepositeor pet banks which Pres
ident Jackson proposed to substitute for the
United States Bank and its branches. These
anti-Jackson,Legislatures, although their
doings slightly alleeted the general result,
merely adapted themselves to the policy
prescribed by our national rulers, and
should be regarded in the same light as the
opponents of the administration of Messrs.
Monroe and J. Q. Adams, neither being ac
countable when the reins of Government
and moulding of measures were not in the
hands of their political friends. It is wor
thy of special remark that in New Jersey,
from 1830 to 1837, the Whigs were in
power but one year, viz: the Legislature
which was elected iu 1832, and held its
principal session in January and February,
1833. No bank was chartered by the
Whig Legislature : the whole number of
banks being 8, and the increased capital a
mounting to $5,458,000, were authorized
by Jackson and Van Buren Legislatures.
The third table, No. HI, is a condensa
tion of the statistics furnished by the first
two, exhibiting in addition the precise num
ber of Banks chartered and capital author
ized by each of the political parties through
the Legislature, in which they respectively
had the ascendency.
It thus appears that by the Jackson and
Van Buren party, 224 banks were charter
ed, with an authorized capital of #205,650,-
615, while their opponents created 124
banks, with a capital of only $62,478,255,
or less than one-thiro'. The banks of the
latter,being institutions of moderate capital
designed for local convenience, where the
veto of the U. 8. Bank had deprived the
People of the facilities for their commercial
operations which they had previously en
joyed.
In consequence ofthis inordinate increase
of hanking capital, together with the strong
injunctions of the late Presideut and his
Secretary of the Treasury to the banks to
be liberal in their discounts, the ratio of
their paper circulation to their specie,
which had previously been 3to 1, w * s so
enlarged as to be in the propotion o\ e more
than 6 to 1, until finally tbeir issues be
came too great for redemption.
Speculation, by reason of the taemred
facilities for borrowing money, and the un
natural and delusive value given to prefer
ty by an inflated paper circulation, the
suspension of banks, and the derangement
of the currency, with the destruction of the credit system, have been the inevitable
consequences of the experiments of the present and late administrations. Haying ori
ginated the modem banking system, with all its disastrous influence, they now, with
a ruthless and destructive spirit, (unnatural because directed against their offspring,)
endeavor to undermine the whole basis upon which sound hanks and credit are found
ed, by abstracting through the operations of the Sub-Treasury scheme, all the specie
from the institutions of the People, & placing it in the vaults of the National Treasury,
thereby securing hard money for the Government and office-holders, and irredeema
ble paper or rags for the People.
The Whigs, on the contrary, although strongly condemning the departure from
the good old-fashioned system of finance, which existed prior to the present Adminis-.
tration, and especially deprecating the vast multiplication of banks and bank capita!,
through the course of policy of the party in power, nevertheless regard the banks as
institutions authorized by law. And, as many innocent and unprotected individuals
have made investments in them, and as they have become incorporated to a consid
erable extent with the business and interests ofthePeople.it becomes their duty, as it
will be their pleasure, to restore the currency, and to regulate the banking system,
ns they were in those good old times when rulersoftheirchoice were in power—infus
ing a mild and paternal spirit in their measures, and adopting that noble conservative
sentiment, “Preserve and regulate, but not destroy.”
No. I. —Exhibiting the increase of Banks and Capitalfrom 1820 to 1830, andfrom 1830
to 1837.
I
January Ist, 1820. January Ist, 1830. January Ist, 1837.
|
States and Territories, c “c \ “c
a Capital au- {2 Capital author- a Capital author
's thorized. <3 ized. *3 ized.
± o o
z y, 55
I1 1 I
Maine, - -i 15 81,654,900 18 82,050,000 59] 85,635,000
New Hampshire, 101 1,005,276 18 1,791,670 23! 2,663,308
Vermont, - l| 44,955 10 432,625 30’ 2,200,000
Massachusetts, 28 10,584,700 j 66 20,420,000 138 40,830,000
Rhode Island, 30 2,982,026 j 47] 6,118,397 64; 9,100,581
Connecticut, - j 8 3,689,337 j 13 4.455.177 31 8,519,308
New York, - 1 33 18,988,774 j 37 20,088,353 9S 37,303,400
Pennsylvania, - ! 36 14.651.780 j 33; 14,610,333 50 59,658,482
New Jersey, - | 14; 2,130,949 I 18 2,017,009 26 7,575,000
Delaware, - ! 6] 974,900 ! 5 830,000 4 1,197,175
Maryland, - j 14] 6,708,131 j 13 6,250,495 28 29,175,090
District ofColunrbia,] 13! 5,525,619 1 9 3 875,794 7 3,504,000
Virginia, - | 4 5,212,192 4 5,571,100 4 6,711,300
North Carolina, ! 3 2,964,887 3 3,195.000 3 2,600,000
South Carolina, 5 4,495,000 5 4,631,000 8 10,358,318
Georgia, - 4] 3,401,510 9 4,203,029 14 8,209,967
Florida, - - 1 75,000 9 9,800,000
Alabama, - 3i 459.112 2 243,503 3 14,451,969
Louisiana, - 4 2,597,420 4 5,960,980 15 54,000,009
Mississippi, - I 900,000 1 950,000 11 21,400,000
Tennessee, - 8 2,119,780 1 737,817 3 5,600,000
Kentucky, - 42 8,807,431 - - 4 9,264,640
Illinois, - 2 140,910 -* - 2 2,800,000
Indiana, - 2 202,857 - - 1 1,980,000
Arkansas, j - - 2 3,500,000
Ohio, - - ]2O 2,797,469 11 1,454,386 32 12,900,000
Michigan, ] - 1 100,000 17 7,500,000
I 307 l 102,210,611 329 120 192,268 677 378,321,168
Increase of banks from 1820 to 1830, 32—increase of capital, 87,981,657. Increase
of banks from 1830 to 1837, 348, —increase of capital, 8263,128,900.
No. 2—.1 Statement shouting the Ascendancy of Party from 1830 to 1336, tit the several
State Legislatures, Territories, c(-c.
I
States. 1830. 1831. 1832. 1833. 1834. j 1835.
|_
Maine, - Jackson. Jackson. Jackson. Jackson. Jackson. Jackson.
New Hampshire, do. do. do. do. do. do.
Vermont, - Anti Jack Anti Jack Anti Jack Anti Jack Anti Jack Anti Jack
Massachusetts, do do. do. do. do. do,
Rhode Island, Jackson. do. do. do. d'o. Jackson.
Connecticut, - Anti Jack Jackson. Jackson. do. do. do.
New York, - Jackson. do. j do. Jackson. Jackson. do.
Pennsylvania, do do. do. do. do. do.
New Jersey, - do do. do. Anti Jack do. do.
Delaware, - Anti Jack Anti Jack Anti Jack do. do.. do.
Maryland, - IJackson. do. do. do. do. Anti Jack
District of Columbia do. Jackson. Jackson. Jackson. do. Jackson
Virginia, - ! do. do. do. do. do. do.
North Carolina, do. do. do. do. do. do.
South Carolina, do. do. Calhoun Calhoun. Calhoun. Calhoun
Georgia, - do. do. Jackson. Jackson. Jackson Jackson
Florida, - do. do. do. do. do. do.
Alabama,. - do. do. do. do. do. do.
Louisiana, - do. do. do. do. do. do.
Mississippi - do. do. do. do. do. do.
Tennessee, - do- do. 1 do. do. do. do.
Kentucky, - do. Anti Jacki Anti Jack Anti Jack Anti Jack Anti Jack
Missouri, - do. Jackson. Jackson. Jackson. Jackson Jackson.
Illinois,’ - - do. do. J do. do. do. do.
Indiana, - do. Anti JackjAnti Jack do. Anti Jack Anti Jack
Ohio, - - do. Jackson. | do. do. Jackson do.
Michigan, - do. do. |Jackson. do. do. Jackson.
Ofthe above Legislatures 118 were Jackson and Van Buren.
4 Calhoun.
40 Anti Jackson, o* Whig.
Total, 162
No. 3 —Of Ike 348 Banks chartered from January 1, 1830, ter January 1, 1837, the fol
lowing numbers, with capital annexed!, were chartered by the party now in power.
Jackson Legislatures. Whig Legislatures.
*3
States and Territories, Capital authorized. x a Capital authorized.
Kjg Sea
Maine, - 41 83,480,000
New Hampshire, 5 871,638-
Rhode Island, - 8 1,500,000’ 9 82,482,695
Connecticut, - 9 1,100(495'’ 9
New York, - 61 17,220;i07/
Pennsylvania, 17 44,048i149’
New Jersey, - 8 5,458,000*
Maryland, -3 4,584,900 18,339,675
Virginia, cap. incr’d - 1,140,000 12
Georgia, - 5 4,006,838
Florida, - - 8 9,725,000 1
Louisiana, - 11 47,234,000
Mississippi, - 10 20,450,000
Alabama, - 1 13,815,466
Tennessee, - 2 4,863,000
Illinois, - - 2 2,800,000
Michigan, - 16 7,400,000 9
Ohio, - - 12 6,245,614 5,200,009‘
Arkansas, - 2 3,500,000
South Carolina, 3 4,332,408
Vermont, - - 9 1,767,375
Massachusetts, - XI 20,410,000
Kentucky, - - 4 9,264,640’
Indiana, - - 1 li,980;900’
224
” RECAPITULATION^
Number of Banks increased by Administration Legislatures, 224
Capital increased by ditto 8205,650,615
Number of banks increased by Whig Legislatures, 124
Capital increased by ditto 62,478,285
Total increase, 348 8268,128,900
From the Alexandria Gazette.
A GLANCE AT THE MORMONS.
Since the Mormons were expelled from
the State of Missouri, they have purchased
the town of Commerce, a situation of sur
passing beauty, at the head of the lower
rapids, on the Illinois shore of the Missis
sippi river. The name of the place they
have recently changed to Nauvoo, the He
brew term for fair or beautiful. Around
this place, ns their centre, they are daily
gathering from almost every quarter; and
several hundred new houses, erected within
the last few months, attest to the passing
traveller the energy, industry and self-de
nial, with which the community isembued.
They have also obtained possession of ex
tensive lands on the opposite side ofthe riv
er, in that charming portion of lowa Terri
tory, known as the “Half Breed Reserva
tion;” and there, upon the rolling and fer
tile prairies, they are rapidly selecting
their homes, and opening their farms. As
the traveller now passes through those nat
ural parks and fields of flowers, which the
hand ofthe Creator seems to have original,
ly planted there for the inspection of his
own eye, he beholds their cabins, dotted
down in most enchanting perspective, either
oh the borders ofthe timber, or beside the
springs and streams of living water, which
are interspersed on every hand.
Nor are they unmindful of their interests
abroad while they are thus accomplishing
so much at home. No sect, with equal
means, has probably ever suffered and a
chieved more in so short a space of time.—
Their elders have not only been commis
sioned and sent forth to every part of our
country, but they have left their families
and friends behind them, and gone to Eu
rope, and even to the Holy Land, to reveal
the wonders of the “new & everlasting cov
enant,” and to preach “dispensation of the
fulness ofthe times.” They doubt not but
that they shall be endued, when necessary,
with power from on high, to proclaim to all
the nations of the earth,in their own tongues,
the wonderful works of God.
The signal success which every where
attends their exertions, proves how well
their religious system is adapted to give
expression to the various forms of enthusi
asm that pervade the religious sentiments
ofthe day. Retaining many truths which
are held in common by different denoma
tions of Christians, and covering their creed
with imposing forms and lofty pretensions,
theirsystem opens a winning asylum for all
the disaffected or dissatisfied 1 of other persu
asions, and contains much that is congenial
to every shade oferratic or radical religious
character. As an illustration of this, it is
stated, in the last number of their own jour
al, called the “Times and Seasons,” that
on a single occasion in England, one of
their elders lately baptized, among others,
no less than thirteen preachers of one de
nomination ofChristians.
The name Mormon they disclaim, and
affirm that it was given to them by their
enemies. They call themselves l ‘The
Church of Jesus Christ, or Latter Day
Saints and number among their chief
ecclesiastic dignitaries, a prophet, patriarch
and a train of high priests, bishops, and el
ders; they are understood to disallow the
truth and validity of other churches, and
to believe that their own ecclesiastic consti
tution allows them to expect the full enjoy
ment of all the gifts and blessings of the
church in ancient times. They teach that
all who are baptized by immersion, under
the proper authority, are legally entitled to
the remission of their sins and the gift ofthe
Holy Ghost. Among other religious exer
cises, they meet together to testify, to pro
phesy, to speak with tongues, to- interpret,
and to relate their visions and revelations,
and in short, to exercise all the gifts of God
as in order among the ancient ehurches.—
They believe that the restoration, of Israel
to Palestine, the rebuilding of Jerusalem,
and the second advent of the Messiah, are
near at hand ; and the dreadful calamities
which have lately befallen some of the cit
ies of our land, are set down upon their re
cords as prophetic signs of the second’ com
ing of the Son of Man in the clouds of Hea
ven, to open the millennial era.
As to the “Book of Mormons,” while they
place implicit confidence in its truth, they
deny that it is anew Bible, to excludte the
old, but a historical and ancient record writ
ten in ancient times by a branch of the
house of Israel that peopled America, from
whotn the Indians are descended. The me
talic plates, on which these records were
engraved, lay deposited for many centuries
in the earth, until they were at length dis
covered and translated by Joseph Smith,
jr. and found not only to corroborate and
confirm the truth of Holy Writ, but also to
open the events of ancient America, as far
back at least as the flood. They believe
that this book pours the light of noonday
upon the history ofa nation, whose mounds,
eftfes, and fortifications still repose in grand
but melancholy ruins, upon the bosom of
the western prairies ; and the reason that
it is not generally received,is the same that
operated to prevent the reception of the
Gospel in the early ages of Christianity.
It was a beautiful morning, toward the
close of April last, when the writer of the
foregoing sketch, accompanied by a friend,
crossed the Mississippi river, from Mont
rose, to pay a visit to-the prophet. As we
approached his house, we saw him. ride up
and alight from his beautiful horse ; and
handing the bridle to one of his follow
ers in attendance, he waited in front of his
gate to receive us. A number ofthe prin
cipal men of the place soon collected’ a
round, apparently anxious to hear the
words which fell from his lips-: His bear
ing towards them, was like one who. had
authority; and. the deference- which they
paid him convinced us that his dominion
was deeply seated ini the empire of their
consciences. To our mind's, a profound 1
knowledge of'ftu man nature had’ evidently
taught him. that, of all the principles, the
most omnipotent is the religious principle ;
and to govern men of certain classes, it is
necessary to control their- religious senti
ments.
After he had shown us the fine grounds
around his dwelling, he conducted us, at
our request, to an upper room, where he
drew aside the curtains of a case, and show
ed us several Egyptian mummies, which we
were told that the church had purchased, at
his suggestion, some time before, for a
large sum of money.
The embalmed body that stands near the
centre of the case, said he, is one of the
Fharaohs, who sat upon the throne of Egypt;
and the female figure by his side was prob
ably one of his daughters.
It may have been the princess Thermu
tis, I replied, the same that rescued Moses
from the waters of the Nile.
It is not probable, answered the prophet;
but my time has not yet allowed me fully to
examine and decide that point. Do you un
derstand the Hebrew language, said he,
raising his hand to the top ofthe case, and
taking down a small Hebrew Grammar of
Rabbi Sexias
That language has not altogether escaped
my attention, was the reply.
He then walked to u secretary, on the op
posite side ofthe room, and drew out sever
al frames covered with glass, under which
were numerous fragments of Egyptian pa
pyrus, on which, as usual, a great variety
of hieroglyphical characters had been im
printed.
These ancient records, said he, throw
great light upon the subject of Christianity.
They have been unrolls*] and preserved
with great labor and care. My time has
hitherto been too much taken up to trans
late the whole of them, but I will show you
how I interpret certain parts. There, said
he pointing to a particular character, that
is the signature of the patriarch Abraham.
It is indeed a most interesting autograph,
I replied, and doubtless the only one ex
tant. What an ornament it would Ire to
have these ancient manuscripts, handsome
ly set in appropriate frames, and hung up
around the wall of the temple which you
are about to erect in. this place.
Yes, replied the prophet, and the trans
lation hung up with) them.
Thinking this a proper time to propose a
few inquiries relative to some of his pecu
liar tenets, I observed that it was coramoo
ly reported of him, that he believed in the
personal reign.ofthe Messiah upon earthi
during the millennial era.
I believe imno such ihing, was his rejuly..
At the opening of that period, I believe that
Christ will descend, but will immediately
return againstb heaveti. Some of our elders
he continued] before I have found time to
instruct them'better, have unadvisedly pro
pagated some such opinions ; but I tell ra.y
people that it. is absurd to suppose that
Christ “will'jump out of the frying pan in
to the fire;” He is in a good place now,
and it is not to be supposed that he will ex
change itifor a bad one.
ELECTRICITY.
According to experiments, the electric
fluid travels at the rate of two hundred
thousand miles in a second. This is twelve
millions of miles in a minute. Previous
experiments had.proved that light travelled
at the rate of eight millions- of miles in a
minute. Though the last be a velocity
difficult to conceive, we domot find much
greater difficulty in conceiving the other.
Light is probably a modification of electri
city in.combination with other matter ; and
this combination may diminish its velocity.
However this be, sufficient is known to prove
that electricity, light, magnetism, galvan
ism! caloric or heat, and oxygen, if not
identical, belong to the same family. Fire
canalways be kindled by electricity. So
can.it be by a galvanic battery, or the con
centration of the solar light. So can it be
by some operations of magnetism. No com
bustion can be sustained without oxygen ;
and oxygen supports animal life by being
mixed with the blood. This mixture imparts
heat to the blood, and animal life is always
accompanied by heat. Blood mixed with,
oxygen is red, and deprived of its black.—
A. stream of the electric.galvanic, ormag--
netic fluid will render black blood red, thus
producing upon it the effect of oxygen, and
so far proving their identity with that gas.
We thence infer, not that electricity, or
galvanism, or magnetism, is oxygen, but
that oxygen contains one or the other of
these fluids, and that all three are essen
tially the same.
Heat is the source of all animal and veg
etable life, and electricity is doubtless the
foundation of heat. Magnets, electric ma
chines, and galvanic batteries are merely
different instruments for exhibiting the same
substance or principle, and we believe this
principle to be the vital principle of all cre
ation-.—N. Y. Sun.
Atmospheric Effect —We are all aware,,
if the weather be damp and foggy, that a
listless and languid state is produced;
whilst, during dry weather, however cold
it may be, there is a feeling of lighthearted
ness and cheerfulness pervading the whole
system. In the first instance, the atmos
pheric is robbing us of our electricity,
which it greedily absorbs; in the latter
case, the dryness of the air is such, that it
leaves us in. the possession of the electricity
which seems to- belong to us; hence the
buoyancy of spirits on the cold and frosty
days of December and January, and’ the
suicidal despondency of November, and
hence the elasticity, the life, and animation
ofthe Frenchman, sluggish, heavy move
ment of the Dutchman, the variable feel
ings of the Englishman; one day full of
hope and cheerfulness, the next day at
war with himself and the rest of mankind.
To every one in damp, moist condition of
the atmosphere, flannel is a great comfort,
but silk is the most useful covering ofthe
body; It is by far the best friend and com
forter that can be applied. We know that
if a silk handkerchief be perfectly dry,
lightning the most accumulated, could not
pass thro’ it, so decided a non-conducter is
it; hence, if worn next to the skin, the air
cannot absorb the electricity of the human
body. Silk waistcoats, drawers, and stock
ings, ofthe same material, are ofthe great
est service during the humid state of the
winter months of this country. The hypo
chondriac, the nervous, will derive from
them more benefit than from the most active
tonic, anil they wi.l prove a more invigora
ting cordial than any spirituous dram, nor
are,the effects transient, for a buoyancyfcf
spirits and an agreeable warmth, are thus
diffused over the tvliole frame. Patients,
too, during mercurial influence, are much
bi tier wrapped in silk than even when con
fined to bed.— Dr. Sigmond.
Spots on the Sun. —A writer in the Cin
cinatti Gazette says on Friday week a large
spot was observed on tne sun. He sayst
I had observed it several days with the
telescope. On Friday at noon, I observed
that it was near 9 seconds in crossing the
hair of the Transit instrument,(B seconds
and eight tenths of a second). Its actual
diameter must then be more than 60,000
miles, or 8 times the diameter ofthe earth.
Supposing the sun to be 15 inches in diam
eter, as it appears to many persons, 11101
j spot would be about 1 inch in breadth, a
size sufficient to bo quite visible to the
naked eye by means of smoked glass.
There are almost always spots visible by
means of a telescope. They consist most
ly ofa dark center, surrounded by a pen
umbra or shading like the representation of
j a small island surrounded by the usual wa
j ter shading, on a uaap. The spot so cou
spieuous on Friday last, was not a single
one, but a cluster so-close that the shading
i run together. ’This- cluster, by the sun’s,
rotation on its axis,. Has now nearly disap
peared,but will probably occupy the central!
portion ofthe sun agaimon the first of De
cember, changed likely ia-appearance, be
ing increased, diminished; or possibly ob
literated.
Extraordinary Circumstance. Last
week, Dr. Hamilton, of this oity,.extracted,
a large needle from the side of a. man a
bout 45 years of age. The patient from,
whom it was taken, on applying to the doc
tor, stated that he had some time previous
ly, received a severe fall, and from, tile
pain he suffered, h conceived that one off
his ribs had.been broken. The Doctor, on
examining the-part, found*.it nuich.swelled,,
and to the touch it appearedas if a portion,
of the lower rib had been fractured. The
sufferer anxiously entreated him to open,
it, but the doctor, fearing that such an ope
ration mighrbe attended with danger, refu
sed to comply, lie had recourse however,,
to poulticing and* other treatment, and in
four days afterwards, on examining it care
fully, he discovered the point of a needle
protruding, and extricated it without sub
jecting the patient to any violent pain. The
needle does not appear much worn, but is
greatly discolored, being quite black—it is
very smooth and very sharp at the point;
and is supposed to have been swallowed,
probably in food, four or five years ago.—
The man, on its removal, felt at once re
lieved, and is now perfectly recovered. He
had'been complaining for eleven weeks be
fore it was extracted, and lately was scarce
ly able to move.— Londonderry, (Ireland,)
Paper.
MECHANICAL POWER.
The Paris Correspondent of the Ameri
can (Philadelphia) Sentinel, communicates
the following facts :
Compressed Air as a Motive Fmoer. —
Several distinguished engineers and other*
scientific men attended on Saturday to wit
ness a series of experiments on; compressed
air, at the late establishment of Ml Perrier
& Cos. at Chai 1 lot. The inventor ofthe va
rious new and ingenious modes-of applying
this power, M. Andraud, a gentleman well
known in the scientific and literary world,
began exhibitinga small’ carriage, which
i was set in motion by compressed air, on a
small railway laid down for the purpose ;
] this-carriage, was moved up and down sev
] oral times-at the rat© of about 25 miles an
I hour. The air, compressed only at about
-25. atmospheres, which is little more than
one third of the power to which it can be
compressed .without danger of explosion, is
oontained in a proof cylinder, or reservoir,
which supplies the pistons in.the same way
as for a locomotive. Ml Andraud states
that two of these cylinders are sufficient for
the supply of a locomotive for several miles
on a railway; and as air can be compress
ed almost without expense, wherever there
is a stream or even s windmill to work the
machinery, fresh charged cylinders can be
kept ready at stations, and applied to the
locomotives, this being the tvork of only one
minute. The improvement in M. Andraud’s
air locomotive, on all others which have
been invented, is in the application of a
regulator by which air is supplied with un
failing regularity and certainty, and which
is under the full control of the engineer,
and in the mode of dilating the air by heat,
so as to cause great economy.
In dilating air it is necessary, for the pur
pose of locomotion, that it should be done
very rapidly, for otherwise the speed can
not be kept up. It cannot be dilated in the
cylinder or reservoir without great danger
of explosion; and by the ordinary process,
only the external surface of the air imme
diately exposed to the action of heat is rap.
idly dilated, the internal molecules, afr be-,
ing a bad conductor, requiring great time
for dilation. M. Andraud gets rid of all
this difficulty by passing the air through a
very long spiral tube immersed in boiling
lead, and in this way the whole is dilated
in the twelfth part of second, & a reservoir
of the piston, whereas the same quantity of
air undilated gives only 2,200. Another
of the experiments was an air cannon—
Balls were thrown, from it, which at a dis
tance 0f250 yards broke in the roof of a
building and lodged with great force in a
wall, although the air was compressed to
only 20 atmospheres. M. Andraud pro
poses that batteries in towns shall be work
ed by compressed air instead of powder,
the expense, where there is power or wind
to compress the air, being, according to M..
Poucelit, only one 75th of that of powder,
and if compressed by a steam engine about
one 50th. M. Andraud imagines that field
artillery may be worked in the same man
ner, as the horses, in drawing the guns to