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|HHB and imports .ire eq'm! !” tin
HHsSwlat the duty diminishes tin; impor-
Bkliv lessening 1 lie consumption, Mill
though by no means necessarily,
the export. Now, the argument of
gentleman seemed to assume that we
propose to lay such a duty on silks as
Would amount to a prohibition, and upon that
assumption there might be force in it. But
not so ; no one has dreamed of such a duty.
The highest rate of duty suggested by any
one is twenty per cent.; and I believe half
that amount would be saffic ient. The gen
tleman lias wholly failed to show that such
duties would affect at all the consumption
of silks in the United States. No, sir; a
moderate duty would not at all a (Feet the
import, because the consumption would be
uncliminished. Our belles and beauties, ,
our dames and their daughters, will still !
flourish in flounces, furbelows, and silks.
The wealthy, who are the consumers main
ly of silk goods, would not regard a small
increase of price. Pride, fashion, and van- j
ity, would still ask their supplies, and take j
no denial.
If'the gentleman will lay duty on no ar
ticle that is paid for in whole or in part by
American cottons, why then he will never
lay one ; his position will drive him neces
sarily from imposts to direct taxation ; for
he knows well that cotton, in our commerce
with the world, pays, in some degree, and
indeed in great part, for all our imports.
—Whan asked by his colleague (Gen. ;
Thompson) to name an article that was.
not so paid for. my friend was wisely si- |
?CJlt.
Nor sir, are the imports from and ex
ports to France, so nearly equal as to en
danger our cotton trade. On the contrary,
the balance of trade is largely against us.
And this fact must demolish wholly the ar
gument of the gentleman. The entire ex
port ofcotton, rice, and tobacco, amounts to j
about 819,000,000 ; and the importations j
from France and her West India depen- 1
dencics, to about 803,000,000 ; leaving a ;
balance against us of 814,006,000 ; which j
balance is paid by an export'of specie.— j
Now, sir, before it is possible to affect our i
cotton trade with France, the consumption,
and consequently the importation, of her
silks and wines, &c. must be reduced more
liian $14,000,000. No rate of duty that 1
shall ever consent to impose, and none that
an economical administration may demand, i
can ever thus lessen the importation of j
French goods.
Again, sir, the cotton which wc send to j
France is consumed by her own people
principally, and that demand must continue !
irrespective of any foreign demand for silks !
and wines. And coneeding, only for the J
sake of the argument, that a duty as pro-
posed would lessen the consumption ofsilks, I
1 believe in the same ratio would it increase
the consumption of cotton fabrics. If silks
are excluded, cotton will become the appa
rel of the rich, as well as the poor. We
arc under no obligation cither, sir, of com
mercial courtesy to France ; for she le
vies a duty at her own ports upon Ameri
can cottons—and that a discriminating du
ty, it being more than she levies upon
Egyptian cotton.
Now, sir, inasmuch as the Government
i's in debt, you must either pay its obliga
tions honestly, or continue them by loans;
to pay them, the present and prospective in
come is inadequate. You must, therefore,
open up new sources of income. What
will be your, resort ? Doubtless new du
ties upon imports ; and if driven to this,
you are to determine whether you will im
pose them upon luxuries, which arc free, ;
or increase them upon necessaries, already
heavily burdened. This is, whether you
will tax the rich or the poor. Will you
grind the poor map’s f#ce by your legisla
tion, and mollify the sleek cheek of wealth
With the.oil of exemption? Sir, I never
have raised shouts to poverty, enlisting its
honest zbi! in behalf of either men or mea
sures—decrying its imaginary oppressions,
ajid alienating the different orders of socie
ty. I haVe never labored to arm the poor
against the rich, to array vice against vir
tue, and ignorance against knowledge. I
have considered a diversity of estate an un
avoidable condition of all social organiza
tion, and that one of the highest obligations
of patriotism is to improve all grades,’ and,
if possible, to harmonise all orders of men.
1 have ever claimed, and shall always
claim, that American citizens shall be equal
under (he law. It was said in triumph in
France, at the adoption of her amended
constitution, “all Frepchmen are equal un
der the law.” It was not tjhe fact. I
doubt if Franoe ever realizes so almost di
vide ft consummation. We, sir, with more
for ill ■ ■ 11r i*. ft
HBHRfy. Wo practice, with nearer ap-
Hnoachcs to truthfulness, the sublime doc
’ trines of civil equality ; and yet, rve have
not attained to this high state of political
perfectibility. Our people arc unequally
taxed. The burdens of Government are
not equal ; nor are the benefits. The lux
uries of the rich, vanity of them, pay no duty,
whilst the necessaries of the poor are all
taxed. By the tariff laws of this Union,
the silken drapery which envelops the gor
geous couch of the rich man, pays no tax ;
whilst the cold thin matrass, and scant
blankets of the poor, bear a heavy duty. —
I Strange, sir, yet true. I have always con
sidered the exemption of luxuries, as one
of the anomolies of republican legislation ;
and have wondered —often wondered—how
so much of practical oppression could have
been so long tolerated. It is now time to
amend, if not atone, for the errors of the
past. ,
Gentlemen talk of reform ; we invite
them to the work here. They are the
friends of the poor ; now is the time most
gloriously to signalize their regard. We
! ask the poor man’s friend to attest the sin
cority of his professions by his deeds. The
! wine that gladdens the heart of wealth,
i and maketh merry the board of his festivi
ty ; the silks which high-bred women wear,
and the spices which stimulate the sated
palate of the luxurious gourmand, are now i
j proposed to be moderately taxed. Sir, you
i must do this, or raise your money from the
j over-wrought muscles, the blood and bones
of laborious poverty. We shall see, sir,
who arc in truth the friends of the poor.
The rate of duty will be regulated by
the amount of money required. I have al
ready stated that I am opposed to all duties
but for revenue ; and I now say I will vote ;
only for so much revenue to be raised as j
will pay the expenses of an economical ad- j
ministration. The expenditures of the j
Government ought and I hope will be re- j
duccd. Wc are not now called upon to i
vote any specific amount of duties ; the
proposition is, that the Committee of Ways
and Means be instructed to report what
amount may be required. Sir, w henever
this bill is brought forward, I shall not sup
port it if it raises one dollar more than will
pay the national debt and sustain the Gov
ernment. The public debt must be first
ascertained, and the estimates of expendi
ture furnished. lam therefore pledged to
supjwrt no bill which does not fall within
the positions 1 now assume.
The member from Suiitli Carolina re- !
marked that he was at a loss to know the j
reason why duties were now proposed to J
he laid, until lie heard it alleged in the ]
Senate, that more revenue would be neces
sary to supply the deficit in the public in-
I come, occasioned by the distribution of the
| proceeds of the public lands. For myself,
II am influenced by no such reason. lam
! aware that it is sail), and reiterated daily,
j that high tariffs and profuse expenditures, i
j each begetting the other, will be among the
I leading measures of the new administration.
For one, Ido not believe it. Whether the
I distribution measure prevails or not, it is
I apparent to all that the Government must
* have more means. That necessity ought
to be, by candid men, considered as suffi
cient reason for a revision of our impost [
laws.
Mr. Chairman, I have been greatly sur- |
prised to find leading Southern statesmen j
so willing to relax the obligations of the j
compromise ; obligations so essential to j
Southern interests. I remarked before,
that, in that agreement, arc to be found the
strongest guarantees against protective du
ties. In it arc stipulations conservative of
Southern principles. Whether it was
originally just to tiie South or not, it is use
less now to inquire. She has acquiesced
in it, and so have .he manufacturers. In
terests have grown up under it which we
may not now rightfully disturb ; the bene
fits provided for the North have been se
cured. The manufacturing interests, I
l am induced to believe, are satisfied with
the protection it affords them ; they desire
no change. And the time has arrived
when the conditions favorable to the South
are beginning to be operative. Our guar
antees arc now to be available ; and shall
we cast them off, by annulling the compact?
No, sir ; rather let us ratify it anew, by
now acting under its provisions. What
are some of those conservative guarantees ?
I call your attention to one, sir, of vast mo
ment, which, if faithfully observed, will
quiet forever the exciting and dangerous
topic of protective duties. One of the cov
enants of the contract is, that “ until the
30th June, 1842, the duties imposed by ex
isting laws, as modified by this act, shall
remain and continue to be collected ; and
from and after the day aforesaid, such du
ties shall be laid for the purpose of raising
such revenue as may be necessary to an econ
omical administration of the Government.”
See 3d sec* act 1833.
Now, sir, yon’ perceive, that by virtue of
the compromise act, it' s the solemn pledge
of the parties thereto, that, frona and after
! the 80th June 1842, bo duties shall be laid
hut for revenue. Not only so ; but that the
amount of-such revenue shall be limited
to the wants of an economical admin'stra
f lion.
The principle of protection is discarded.
No one can rise up after ’lt! and ask for
protcciion. The North is cstoped. The
South can point to the agreement, and de
mand that duties shall be limited to purpo
• scs of revenue ; not only so ; hut that the
! revenue shall not exceed the limits of a just
economy. A power to lay duties for rev
enue never has been denied to Congress. —
It was against a perversion of this power,
sir, that my own State and all the South re
belled. It was the doctrine of protection,
as held by the manufacturers and those
who represented them, that stirred the ire
of my constituents and awakened the burn
ing eloquence of such men ns CoLtb and
Crawford, McDufiic and Ilayne.
Suppose, sir, that these principles shall
prevail ; that the compromise is observed ;
that duties in times to come shall ho laid on- !
ly for revenue; where is the politician so j
fastidious as to complain ? Will not peace.*
rule in our councils and fraternal feeling I
pervade all sections ? If, sir, economy in !
public affairs, which shall confine appPo
priations to constitutional objects, and rev
enue only for the public wants, arc the
guiding stars of the Harrison administra
tion, let no man fear that the ship of Slate
j will not sail o’er prosperous seas beneath
benignant skies. Are gentlemen prepared
to yield the obligatory power of the act of
‘33 ? To yield in the moment of victory
the fruits of the war—to open again the
fountains of strife to loose the elements of
commotion, now happily liid up ; and in
vite the storm and court the tempest ? Now*
is the time for the Harrison party to identi
fy itself with the principles of that act'.—
They should he now affirmed ; we ought J
to be committed upon them. And the most j
effectual mode of identification, is to start |
our revenue system according to its proyis- 1
ions, by laying duties now on unprotected
articles. Now is the time to stereotype the
compromise. [.
To avoid a protective tariff, it is neces
sary to condemn it before the compromise
expires. I would proclaim it to the people
of iny own State. I desire it he known all
over that sunny land, from her mountains
to the sea, that now is the time to act upon
this great question. It was said in the
late canvass, that Harrison, the honest, va
liant, and successful whig candidate, was
a tariff man. The reply w e made, sir, was
that lie was in favor of the principles settled
in the compromise. Upon this explanation
wo triumphed. Andnow whoshall object,
when lie confirms what wc then said of-him?
Os his friends, no one ; of his enemies, of
course all.
We should not wait until after June ’42 j
to arrange the revenue, because then it will
he said, the compromise having ceased by
its own limitations, the whole subject of
| protection is open. Attempt then to lay
! imposts, and you encounter the conflicting
interest of the whole Union. Every arti
cle of domestic manufacture will demand
protection ; capital will wield its might j
against free trade ; selfishness will clamor j
for legislative bounties. Discriminate then j
you must. Angry passions will again
mingle in your councils ; State authority
| may again array itself against Federal
law ; the cannon of the Union may again
* be pointed against some Southern city, and i
j there may be none so potent as to command j
j the jarring elements into peace.
LETTER FROM MAJ. JACK DOWN
ING.
From the New York Express.
We commend the following letter of our
respected friend Major Downing, to “ the
croakers and poakers,” and can only say, if
any one feels chilled by the present aspect
of things, he may seek and find a leading
cause in the “ eternal poking” system
which seems to have suited the policy of
certain circles, and who have found a
ready and a pliant press to aid them in
their patriotic efforts. Wo commend this
letter especially to “ Pennsylvany,” and if
she is willing to have her fires poked out,
be it so—she will not say she was not time
ly cautioned. But, let us not be disheart
ened, the coal is unconsumed—a little
kindling wood and a blower will restore the
steady warmth, and then keeping th epoker
aloof, or in skillful hands alone, we may
still enjoy the comforts of a wide circle a
round a genial fire.
Philadelfy, 9th Feb., A. D. 1841.
To the Editors of my old friend Mr. Dwights
paper, that he used to take the lead on a
spell ago.
Gentlemen —l suppose you will be con
siderable wonderated to know what on airth
led me from the track to Washington with
the old hero of the North Bend Cabin, and
brung me here, —well I’ll tell you.
I and the Gineral was a drifting along
down from the west, and bowing and sha
king off the everlasting crowd of folks all
the way from the Ohio, till we struck a
■ long the edge of old Pennsylvany, when we
heard the folks beginning to talk about hard
money, and paper money, and resumption and
suspension, and things ofthat natur, when
says I, “ Gineral, ymi may depend there is
trouble brewing soniewheres along here, &
if you say so,” says 111 jist quit you for
a spell and take u turn down to Fhiladelfy,
and took info the matter a little, and jine
you at Washington.” “ Well,” says lie
“ Major, seeing as how folks begin to thic
on amazingly around us, my cnlkulation is
you won’t he much mist, but sec that you
git to Washington us soon as possible, and
in t.he mean time let me know all you meet
with worth h* nring,”—and so I quit, and
as the Ginerul never wants to know nothing
more than the people know themselves, I
send you this letter to print and you will
please send a copy on’t to tho Gineral, so
that he will know as much as other folks do
about it.
I got here Inst evening, jist arter lamp
lighting, and took a run round to most all
the Banks to sec if I could find any on ’em
open, but I found ’em all locked up and
bright lamps burning afore the doors, and
good strong broad-shouldered watchmen
I standing at their posts, with clubs and rat
tles jist for all the world as tho’ the Banks
.was as full of specie payments as ever, and
not a mite of difference.
1 stopt and had a lcetlc talk with one of
| ‘these watchmen, and says I, “stranger, is
| there no gitten in hereto see folks?” “Not
! to-night,” says lie, “all the Banks are shut
| tip.” “How you talk,” says I, and sol
| streak’d it round to Squire Biddles premi
! ses, for I had a notion if I could .only git a
fair talk with the Squire, I would lam
pritty much all about the matter.
I found the Squire to hum, and he was
amazin glad to see me ; and he and I went
right up into a room alone, where 1 found
a good warm Lehigh coal fire burning, and a
table kivered with papers ; and he took
one chair and I another, and we went at it
straight off “ So,” says 1, “Squire, you
are all suspended agin, I lain’,’ “Yes,”
says he, “Major, the folks who w anted hard
money have got all the Banks Intel to give
them ; and as the Banks can’t coin hard !
money, and can only git it from the folks
who owe them, it turns out that, as the
Banks have not got the same power by the
law to make folks pay them as fast as the
’ other folks want it, the pond must run dry
* for a spell.”
“But,” says I, “Squire, how on airth is
it that things work so that one set of folks
keep drawing out of the spiggot faster than
other folks pour into the bung-hole ?
Things w arftit so in Mr. Adams’ time,”
says I. “Now, how is it ?” This set the
Squire scratching his head and thinking—
and to give him time to answer, I took the
poker and began poking up his Lehigh coal
fire, to see if there was any Haze in it; and
to rights says lie, “Major, what arc you
pokin that fire for? Do you expect to make
it burn brighter ? If you will lake my ad
vice,” says he, “you will let it alone. Amt
the room warm enuf?” “Acs,” says I,
“its warm enuf, hut a little poking wont do
any harm, will it ?”
“ Well,” says he, “ go on poking, and
you will see”—and sure enuf, the more 1
■poked, the darker the coal and fire got ; and
bime-by it all went out. “ Well,” says I,
“ Squire, this is a plagy odd kind of fire
of you’m,” says I. “ Yes,” says he, “it’s
Pennsylvania coal ; it wont stand poking ,
Major—jfyou let italone, it will burn slow
ly and surely, and give out comfortable
beat—but if folks go to poking at it, it
turns and looks black at them, and gives
them a cold shiver.”
“ Well,” says I, “ Squire, I want you
to answer and explain to me now about this
Bank matter. llow is it,” says 1, “ that
all your Banks have suspended specie pay
ments—all broke—all gone to everlasting
and eternal smash ? Now, how has ail
this come about ?” says I.
“ Well,” says he, “ Major, I’ll tell you. i
In the first place, when you first entered
this room, did’nt you find it warm and com
fortable, and a good fire burning !—did’nt
you take up that poker and begin to poke
with it ?—did’nt I give you a civil hint to
let it a lone ?—did’nt you continue poking
and poking, till at last the fire went out ?
and aint this room now cold and dark, com
pared to what it was ? Now come here,”
-—and he took a candle and went up to the
fire place ; and says he. “ There is the
coal yet,—it aint burnt up, —the fire has
only gone out, I can put a little kindling
under it, and clap on the blower, and in a
little while will see as bright and warm a
fire as before, —but where is the use of
kindling it up again, unless folks will see
the foliy of poking at it. It is just so in
Banking matters. I tried it, and for six
teen years and over, and no people in crea
tion ever saw a warmer and hotter fire than
1 kept up ; it warmed all kind of folks,
too : the circle around it was wide enuf to
admit every living critter in the country,
aiid all equally felt the warmth. But then
began the poking system. I tried every
means to prevent it, but it was no use, —
a,Wd then I quit, and Mr. Dunlap he tried
it ; but the pokers were still ready,—and
rto sooner was it kindling up, when at it
they went, poking and poking,—and the
result you see ; and now the question is,
Shall we have anew fire kindled, and what
shall bo the fuel ? Shall it be Lehigh
Coal, or English Coal ? Old Pennsylvany
has a word to say in this matter, if she chu
ses to speak,—for there is just this differ
ence between her Coal and all other kind of
Coal; it wont stand poking; but if let alone,
will burn steadily and surely to the last,
whilst other Coal may blaze up with pok
ing, and the sooner go to ashes. The Coal
is in the. grate yet, Major,” says be,
“ though by poking, it has ceased burning.”
“ Yes,” says I, “ Squire, but it is plagy
cold though.” “It is so, Major,” says be;
but that comes from poking,”—and with
that, says, be, “ Lets you and I take a
turn round and see some folks, and hear
what news is stirring, and by the time we
get back, this fire will be kindled and the
blower on, and will soon give us a warm
room, —and we’ll have a lost potatoe and a
leetle cider, and can talk over matters com
fortably and cheerfully; and if you will
only let the poker alone, the evening will
close brightly.” And so it did ; but I can’t
tell more about it till I write you my next
Letter,—and all for the present I can say
is,put a black cross on all croakers, and es
pecially the pokers.
Your friefd and fellow-citizen,
J. DOWNING, Major, 4ko. Aic. &c. v
ABSENCE OF MIND.
Absence of mind, wc admit, if pardona
ble in any, is pardonable only in moil of
genius, and for ordinary men to affect it, is
more than ridiculous. Wc heard an anec
dote of absence of mind the other evening,
which is so good that we will give it:
A highly distinguished clergyman and a
powerful preacher, a determined snuff taker,
and great pedestrian, was remarkable for
absence of mind. One sabbath morning
be had eight miles to walk before commen
cing the services of the day, and he started
on his journey with a mind wrapped up in
lofty and spiritual contemplations. In
these abstractions, as usual, he frequently
and perhaps unconsciously, regaled his
olfactory nerves with copious supplies from
his large snuff box, and after he had travel
ed seven miles, and was approaching, al
most in view of the church in which he was
to officiate, the w ind hi gan to blow full in
his face,and w hen taking another pinch from
j his favorite box, in order that the wind might
j not blow the snuffin his eyes, he turned his
* back upon the wind depositing in high en
joyment,the litillery matter into its elevated
situation. But it was a serious revolution
to him; for, alas! he forgot lie had turned
round, but proceeded onward over the same
ground,never discovering his mistake till he
came within a few rods of his own house,
the place from w hich lie had, a few hours
before started, in order to preach. It was.
too late for the w orthy clergyman to think of
retracing his steps, and walking tho course
again, and the congregation was allowed
to remain, wondering what had happened
to their absent minister.— St. Louis Bui.
; The “Lowell Factory Girls” have vindi
cated themselves stoutly against this pas
sage in a recent article by Mr. Brownson—
“ She has worked in a factory, is sufficient to
damn to infamy the most worthy and virtu
ous girl.” The last number of their peri
odical, the “ Lowell Offering,” has a spir
ited article from this text, entitled “Factory
Girls,” in which the sentence is pronounc
ed a slander, and the character of their
sisterhood is vindicated with creditable
ability and zeal. Here is a specimen :
The erroneous idea, wherever it exists,
must be done away—that there is in facto
ries but one sort of girls, and that the baser
and degraded sort. There are amongst us
all sorts of girls. 1 believe that there are
few occupations which can exhibit so ma
ny gradations of piety and intelligence ;
but the majority may at least lay claim to
as much of the former as females in other
stations of life. The more intelligent among
them would scorn to sit night after night to
view the gestures of a Fanny E/ss/er.
The Improvement Circles, the Lyceum
and Institute, tho social religious meetings,
the Circulating and other Libraries, can
bear testimony that the Utile time they have
is spent in a better manner. Our well
filled churches and lecture halls, and the
high character of our clergymen and lec
turers, will testify that the state of morals
and intelligence is not low.
SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION.
Although many eases have been recor
ded ofhuman beings having been destroy
ed by spontaneous combustion, still very
many intelligent have considered it to be
apocryphal. Nor is this to be wondered
at when wo consider how difficult it is
reducing to ashes animal matter recently
deceased. The examples which have
occurred of late years are so well authenti
cated that not the smallest doubt of their
accuracy is now entertained. M. M. Du
patron and Mare of Paris, report two cases;
Mr. Delavillc, Procureur du Roi, in 1835,
gives the history of an old man and woman
who were so completely consumed that lit
tle was left save the carbonized mass. Os
four cases witnessed by Dr. Apjohn, of
Dublin, we quote one case as narrated
by him:— ! ‘A woman of about sixty years
of age, who lived with her brother in the
county of Down, retired to bed with her
daughter, both being, as was their constant
habit, in a stale of intoxication. A little
before day some members of the family
were awakened by an extremely offensive
smell and smoke which pervaded their a
partment. On going into the chamber
where the old woman and her daughter
slept, they found the smoke to proceed from
the body of the former, which appeared to
be burning with an internal fire. It was
as black as coal, the smoke issuing from
every part of it. The combustion having
been arrested, which was affected with diffi
culty, although there was no flame, life
was extinct. While the body was being ■
removed into the coffin, which was done as
soon as possible, it was dropping in pieces.
Her daughter, who slept in the same bed,
sustained no injury ; nor did the combustion
extend to the bed clothes, which exhibited
no other traces of fire than the stains pro
duced by the smoke. According to the
testimony of the relatives, there was no
fire whatever in the room.”—The subject
of this case had been grossly intemperate
for several days before her decease.— N. Y.
Sun.
Explosion of an “ Infernal Machine.” —
Some time during the last summer, a com
mon soap box, directed to Peter Weed,
Wilkes Durkce, care of Mr. Kelsey, Bir
mingham, Oakland Cos., was left, by some
unknown person, at the Eagle Tavern, in
this city. It lias remained, unclaimed, and
almost unnoticed, in the baggage room ever
since. Oil Saturday night, however, Mr.
Lawson, the keeper of the hotel having oc
casion to be in the baggage room, tossed
over the box with his foot, when an explo
sion ensued, which knocked the siding off
from the room—tore away the partitions—
broke in the sashes of six or eight windows
—tore up the floor—severed several of the
joists—and severely injured Mr. L.—par
ticularly in his hands, from which he will
lose one or two of his fingers.
An examination of the fragments, result,
od in the discovery of what had constituted*
a very strong oaken box, capable of’ hold,
ing- two or three pounds of powder, which
had been fastened together, with twoWxr
iron bands. Attached to this box, was
steel spring, to which appeared to have
been attached, a small hammer, which was
doubtless constructed to strike upon a per.
cussion cap, the explosion of which would
communicate with the oaken deposit of
powder ; —the whole doubtless designed to
explode on opening the box which encased
it.
The explosion was as destructive as
would have been the explosion of a keg of
powder. It is a miracle thgkJVlr. L. was
not killed upon the spot. iv, isures will
doubtless be at once taken tosolvc the mys
tery which now attaehesto the affair ; and
if murder was designed, to bring the
wretches to punishment.— Detroit Aav.
Adulteration of Drugs and Spices. —
Very singular papers are sometimes put
before ihe British Parliament, as well as
before the American Congress, The lato
London papers mention one which claims
a passing notice, as it affects both sides of
the Atlantic. It is a communication from
a London druggist, in which the writer
states that almost every drug and necessav
ry of life is adulterated to an enoirnous ex
tent before offered lor sale iif the market.
As to the drugs, let them pass; but the
culinary preperations we cannot so easily
excuse. The genuine West India (|ayennc’
pepper is now made in London, and if it
contained nothing but the ground berry ol
the piper indica, selected of a good color,
the writer says he should desire no better.
—But colored saw-dust, salt, Vermillion,
and other ingredients arc added. Ginger
is often adulterated with flour and meal;
flavored with capsicum to give it the requi
site warmth. Mustard seed to the amount
ofone-sixth only, and in many kinds not
nearly so much as that, enters into the
composition of the best Durham mustard,
which is Durham only in name, the rest
being composition of some kind, colored
with tumeric, and spiced with capsicum.—
Black pepper is mixed with starch powder
and English arrow root, to make white pep.
per. Coffee is mixed with the burnt root
of the dandelion, known as the chickory,
which from being ground at the drug mills,
is itself liable *o adulteration. But wo are
civilly told this is the French mode, and of
course the coffee is much improved by its
admixture. Chocolate and cocoa are
mixed with ground sago, often itself unfit
i for sale in any other state, — N . Y. Sun.
THE MARSEILLAISE.
The Marseillaise Hymn, as it is errone
ously called, the war song of the army of
the Rhine, is the production of Rougct de
Lille, a French officer of Engineers, who
was quartered at Strasburg in the year
1791, when Marshal Luckner comman
ded the army, at that time entirely com ,
posed of young conscripts. The Marshal
was to march the following morning of a
certain day, and late in the evening previ
ous, he inquired if there was any man of a
musical or poetical genius in the army who
could compose a soul inspiring song to ani
mate the young soldiers. Someone men
tioned Captain Rouget dc Lille, who was
immediately ordered in die presence of tho
Marshal, to receive his commands on the
subject, which having given, and a prom
ise made by De Lille, that a song would be
ready on the following morning, he went
to his quarters, and during the night he
not only wrote the song in question, but
absolutely set it to music, &. the next morn
ing the army marched to the tune, and
carried every thing before it with an enthu
siasm only to be equalled by absolute
phrenzy. The song got the name of the
“Marseilles Hymn,” from a body of troops
being marched from Marseilles and enter
ing the city of Paris playing that tune, at a
time that it was little known in that capi
tal . Capt. De Lille, appears to have been
a man of great poetical genius. At the
French revolution of 1830, lie was living
in great obscurity in a garret in Paris, and 1 ’
the first act of Louis Philippe on his acces
-1 sion to the throne, was to direct inquiries to
be made for Capt. De Lille, upon whom a
tolerable handsome pension was settled
during bis life. He died at Paris about
four years since, and his manuscript poems
and songs were sold or rather intended to
he sold by auction. The writer of this
was desirous of obtaining the original of
the “Marseilles,” which was beautifully
written and had but few corrections in it;
but that and the whole of the manuscripts
were bought by Louis Philippe, in whoso
possession they now are.— Post.
The habits if a man of Business. — A
sacred regard to the principles of justice
forms tiie basis of every transaction, and
regulates the conduct of the upright man of
business. He is strict in keeping his
engagements—does nothing carelessly, or
in a hurry—employs nobody to do<what he
can easily do himself; keeps every thing
in its proper place ; leaving nothing un
done which ought to be done, and which
circumstances permitted him to do; keeps
his designs and business from the views
of others ;is prompt and decisive witli his
customers, and does not over trade lor his
capital ; prefers short credits to long ones,
and cash to credit transactions at all times
when they can bo advantageously made
either buying or selling, and small profits,
with little risk, to the chance of better gains
with more hazard. He is clear and expli
cit in all his bargains, leaves nothing to
the memory which he can and ought to
commit to writing; keeps copies of all his
important letters which he sends away,
and has every letter, invoice, &c, belong
ing to his business, tilled, classed, and put
away. Never suffers his desk to be con
fused by many papers lying upon it, is al- j
ways at the head of his business, well
knowing that if lie leaves it, it will leave
him ; hold it as a maxim that lie whose
credit is suspected is not safe to be trusted.
