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About News & planters' gazette. (Washington, Wilkes County [sic], Ga.) 1840-1844 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 23, 1841)
From the Boston Allas. lIOW LONG MAY THE SOUTH EX PECT TO FIND AN OPEN MAR KET FOR ITS COTTON IN ENG GLAND? It requires only the most ordinary saga city and llu: smallest possible attention to ! passing events in Great Britain to bo ena- | bled to say, in answer, no longer than Fug j land is unable to raise sufficient cotton for her own consumption in her own possessions ! When that lime shall arrive, when tho two hundred thousand bales of'lndia cotton, now imported, into England, shall have become ten times as large, then, and that period is not a remote one, it will not need even a j prohibatory duty to drive American cotton, 1 by a competition ruinous to its producers, j from the English market. The cheapness I of its rival will of itself be sufficent. A-j mcrican cotton cannot be raised, and afford any profit, as low as the Indian. Buteven granting that it can, how slight a duty on American cotton will be required to place Indian cotton far beyond the possibility of competition. We now come to tlie capaci ty of the British possessions in India. That cotton can be raised in India, no one, of course, will deny. That it cun lie be raised throughout India, is also shown by all accounts. The amount, therefore, which India is capable of producing, will depend upon its extent of territory, the na ture of its soil and the facilities for its cul tivation. It appears, therefore, in reference to the first and most essential point, that the extent of territory in British India, capa ble of raising cotton in greater or less quan ties, is greater than that of the whole of the United States ; not merely greater than the territory of the cotton growing States and territories, but larger than the whole tract of land included between Maine and Louis iana, Arkansas a'nd the Atlantic. The territory of the British East India! Company covers an area of one million one ; hundred and thirty thousand square miles., : and contains a population of otic hundred j and thirty millions ! The soil of this irn j mense tract is, of course, various, but all is j more or less adapted to the growth of cot- i ton, and its average degree of richness is fully equal to, ifit does not surpass the soil of the Southern States. In many parts, the soil, for large tracts, “is so excellent as to consist of black vegetable mould to the depth of six feet! In Bengal, the Ganges annually overflows the country to the ex tent of more than a hundred miles in width, which inundation greatly fertilizesthe land, and the periodical rains and the intense heat produce an extraordinary luxuriance! of vegetation.” The province of Bengal is the largest of the British Presidencies, and is the one where the Government are, at this moment, making the utmost exertion to encourage, as well as to improve, the ; growth of cotton, and where nearly all their j efforts have been directed. Os this Presi- j denoy, as is well known, Calcutta is the j capital. Its territory is upwards of three ; hundred thousand square miles, equal to j the area which comprises the Slates of Vir- I ginia, North and Soutii Carolina, Georgia, ! Alabama, and Mississippi. It contains a 1 population of no less, than seventy millions j of souls ! Os its capacity for raising cotton ! let us look for a moment to the testimony of’ j those who are informed, by their own expe rience, upon tile subject. Montgomery Martin says : “Cotton every w here abounds \ hut sufficient care has not been bestowed upon the grow th, so as to render it, as in A merica, a triennial, instead of an annual ; | or in the picking and cleaning it for export. ! The Decca cotton is unequalled ; and fir ‘ sea island cotton,’ (from Saugur Island, near Calcutta,) promises to ho a valuable j article of export.” The possibility of raising the “ sea island j cotton” in India, liaseverbeen treated with ridicule and incredulity l by our planters in terested in cotton. That they are no lon ger justified in the belief that in this coun try only this superior cotton can be raised, will appear from the following, in the Ma dras United Service Gazette, of the 25th of June ; “ At the Agricultural meeting at Calcut ta in May last, some ofthe soil ofthe island of Cheduba was stated to have undergone analyzation, and was found to correspond exactly with that on wdiich the Sea Island cotton of Georgia is produced. A report on the subject of this important discovery has been made to the Indian government, and a cask of Sea Island cotton seed had been accordingly shipped, (or Cheduba.— It has long been a dogma among cotton cul tivators that this description ofsoil.so favor able t > the cultivation of cotton, was pecu liar to America, thus yielding to that coun try a vast monopoly in the produce of a su- perior cotton ; hut we have, at last discov ered a Sea Island of our own, and will, doubtless, turn it to a profitable account.” Another writer on India, Royle, says: “ The best of cotton is produced from the coast of Coromandel.” Both of the oilier British Presidencies also, Madras and Bom bay, are admirably qualified in every re spect for the raising of cotton. Another writer says : “ The Presidencies of Madras and Bombay likewise contain land capable ofgrowing cotton loan illimitable extent.” The Presidency of Madras contains 142,- 000 square miles, or an area larger in ex tent than that ofthe three States of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and with a population of nearly fourteen millions. The Presiden cy °i Bombay isabout as large as Virginia, with a population of six millions. These are the three great Presidencies of British India, and to which we are to look principally for the realization ofthe expec tations of the English growers of East In dia cotton ; but they are not the only por tions of East India where cotton car. he and will be raised. Martin says: “The Indi ana Government Dave, oF late- years, made several attempts for the extensive introduc tion of the cotton plant into Guzei at, near tha Persian Gulf, which seems well adap ted for tlie culture.” “ Cotton,” says ano ther writer, “ is as fine in Rajahpotanali, as any where in India.” In another part of j the publication, which is of this years date, he says, “ another part of the same pro-! vinco (Mewar) produces all kinds of grain, I cotton, sugar,” &c. In another paper we j will continue our quotations from different writers to prove that still other parts of In dia cun grow cotton in abundance. But wo have shown enough for our present purpose For wo have scon that the three great Pres idencies, as well ns the larger vassal states, arc abundantly able to raise cotton in im mense quantities. With an area of 800, 100 square miles, or as large as that of the whole of the United States, excepting only New England and the small States of New Jot soy and Delaware, and with a popula tion of one hundred and eight millions, — we have seen that th’oir soil is equal, if not ! superior, to that of the Southern States, and with twenty times the population. It is at j least fair to presume that they can raise cotton in proportionately large quantities | when their attention is fully directed to its growth. Now it appears from the agricul tural statistics of the sixth census, for 1840, that the six principal cotton growing States —South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mis sissippi, Louisiana, and Tennessee, with an area of 285,000 square miles, grow in otic year, 2,57.3,370 bales of cotton. Al lowing that portion of East India alone, of which we have spoken, to bo able to grow cotton in the same proportion as the cotton growing States, namely, about nine bales on the average to the square mile, and these five provinces alone, to make no mention for the present of the others, arc capable of raising the enormous amount of seven mil lion, two hundred and forty-eight thousand, six hundred bales of cotton ! Or more than triple all that is consumed in Groat Brit ain. If we take our estimate from the proper donate supply from the State of Mississippi the soil of which State, that of India is de scribed as most exactlv resembling, the ; quantity which these provinces can easily I raise will be much larger. The average I growth of cotton to the square mile in Mis- I sissippi, is fifteen bales. The same ratio in ! these Indian provinces will give us a growth in one year, of twelve million eighty-one | thousand bales of cotton ! Five times the I quantity used by (beat Britain ! So much for the capacity of India to raise cotton. COMMERCE OF THE UNITED ST \TES. From official tables exhibiting the value of imports from, and exports to each foreign country ; also the tonnage of American and foreign vevsels arriving from and depart j ing to each foreign country, during the year | ending 30th September, 1840, we gather j the following fads. The total value ofim- I ports as exhibited by the statistics of the j Register’s Office, Treasury Department, is j -$107,241,519. The largest amount from j any one country is from England, $33,114. j 133 ; from France, next largest, $17,572,- 870 ; from Cuba, next, \ ;),OT>. 177 ; from i j China, $3.601,w From Brazil, Mexico j Russia, IL'i.'o Towns, British American | Cofi-iiies, between two and live millions j each, and from Sv.oeden and Norway, Hoi i land, Brilish East Indies, British West In ; dies, Hayti. Spain, Spanish West Indies, a | side from Cuba, Italy, Venezuela, and Chi j li, the imports were over one million each. !'i lie lowest amount imported was from j (iff eee. $5,138. The total value of exports from the same | period was $132,085,940, of which sum •311 3. *95,6.14 was of domestic produce, and j >318,190,312 wore of foreign produce.— The largest amount of domestic and foreign ! produce went to England, valued at $57,- (lOfl.ss'J; the nr xi largest amount to France s3l,- 11,554 ; Cuba, $9,310,515 : British American Colonies, $0,093,250. The ex | ports to French Guiana, were the lowest, I being but SIOO. Ofdomestic produce, cotton stands at the j head, being estimated at $63,870.307 : flour next, $10,143,615 ; then tobacco, $9, 883, 957 ; cotton piece goods, $3,549,607 ; gold and silver coin, $2,235,073; rice, sl, 942,- 075, and six other articles exceed one mil lion dollars. Oi the $18,190,312 exports of foreign produce, $13,561.359 were in American vessels, of w hich $3,000,201 wore entitled to drawback. Ofthe 7,211 American vessels which entered American ports, 2,843 entered New York, 1,201 Massachusetts, 672 Louisuua, 353 Pennsylvania, and 318 Maine. Ofthe 5,571 foreign vessels, 1,708 en tered New l York. 1,132 entered ports in Maine, 703 in Massachusetts, and 252 in Louisiana. The 1,576,540 of American tonnage, was manned by 73,004 sailors, or one to about every 21 1-2 tons. The 712,363 foreign tonnage, was manned by 41,720 sailors, or one to 17 1-13 tons. The amount of American tonnage which entered the Southern ports, beginning with Maryland, was 411,153 ; manned by 17,- 600 sailors ; of foreign tonnage, 201,534 manned by 9,283 seamen. Ofthe South Atlantic States, including Maryland, Georgia has the largest amount of foreign tonnage, viz: 41,721 tons; South Carolina next, 23,950 ; Maryland next, 23,- 903 tons. Georgia has more joint American and foreign tonnage than Soutii Carolina, Vir ginia or North Carolina. From all the ta bles, it appears that our commerce with for eign countries with whom we trade to the amount of 1,000,000 and upwards rank as follows : England, France, Cuba, British Ameri can Colonies, Brazil, China, Manse Towns, Mexico, Holland, British West Indies, Rus sia, Chili, Italy, Spanish West Indies houn ding Cuba, Danish’ West Indies, British East Indies, Scotland, Hayti, Trieste, Spain Sweden and Norway, Dutch East Indies, &c.— Sav. Georgian. Buffon says a hen well fed and attend ed, will produce upwards of 150 eggs in a year, besides two broods of chickens. Ac cording to the experiments of Mr. Mount, of England, a well fed lien will produce from 170 to 175 eggs in a year. Admitting the j former statement to be correct, a hundred | liens would yield in a year 15,000 eggs, I and at least 1200 chickens. From tlic National Intelligencer. i THE POST OFFICE AND THE RAIL j ROADS. In the proceeding columns we begin the publication of the Documents which accom panied the President’s message to Congress by inserting the most interesting of the pa pers contributed by the Department of j State. We shall continuo the series by 1 publishing hereafter in succession the re ports of tlie secretary of War, the Secreta ry ofthe Navy, and the Postmaster Gener al, which also accompanied the Message, j As the report of the Postmaster General, ! being the last in the series, may not find a place in our columns for some days, and as the public is very desirous to see what the head of the Post Office Establishment has to say concerning the Railroad transporta tion of the mails, (of which something has been rumored,) we have turned to that part of the practical business-like report of that officer for the purpose of placing at once before our readers so much ofthe report as relates to that subject which is as follows: ! Extract from the Postmaster General s report. “An anxious desire to effect some perma nent arrangement with the railroad compa nies for the t ransportatiou of the mail, upon a basis which shall be both just and uniform considering the nature ofthe service per formed bv each, induced me to invite a meeting of the presidents ofthe different companies in the city of Washington, on the Ist of January li st; and l am gratified at the prompt manner in which all who have been heard from have consented to altend, and a hope is cherished that some arrangement, satisfactory to all parties and beneficial to the public may yet be effec ted. ‘The improved mode of intercommuni < at ion by raiirondaml steam, operating un der chartered rigiits granted by the States, and over which it is not pretended that the Gmieral Government, much less the Post Office Department, can exercise any con trol, impose upon Congress, in my opinion, new duties and obligations, which can only ce cancelled by the adoption of some meas ure whereby the Post Office Department may, upon adequate consideration, secure by compact the right to transport the mail in the cars of railroad companies, and at the same time give to the Department the pow er to control the departure and arrival of the same. “There is now paid to the different rail - j road companies, annually, over $400,000 i for the the service, without power in the Department to regulate the travel, arrival, and departure ofthe mail ; and constant ! and frequent difieulties, both in entering in to and execution of contracts, are presen ted. “It lias occured tome that the present was a most favorable period for the adop tion of some measure by Congress, where by to secure to the United States the right to transport the mail upon these roads in all time to come, free of any annual charge upon the Post Office Department, by the ad vancement of a sum in gross, which may be agreed upon to each of these companies, of such ol them as may be willing to con tract. Many of the railroad companies, and some of them constituting most impor tant links in the great chain of intercommu nication between Boston and Charleton, ow ing to the great derangement of the moneta ry concerns ofthe world, and the depres sion of all State and company stocks, find themselves laboring under embarrassments and difficulties, wdiich the aid of the Gen eral Government, applied in the wav pro posed, would effectually remove, and” at the same time secure to the United States the advantage and the ample equivalent of transporting the mail upon these roads. “The credit of the United States to an j amount not greater than the sum necessary 1 to produce, at five per cent, interest, the a inount paid by the Post Office Department to these companies annually, would I have no doubt, be sufficient to accomplish this desirable end. The prompt and favorable action, of Congress upon this subject at the present time, would effectually secure the Government against the. danger of being called upon for occasional and large appro priations to meet the balances due by the Department. “Do 1 ask the United States to do more | forthe Post Office Department than justice would seem to demand, especially when it is remembered that the whole expense of the official correspondence of the Govern ment and l lie public, and private corres pondence of t hose entitled by law to the Franking privilege, is sustained and paid by a tax upon the correspondence of the community? If by this arrangement the Department is relieved from the heavy an nua! charge as now rated, (and it has nei ther the power to lessen it nor to prevent its increase,) it may be hoped that the oh ject so much demanded-by considerations of public justice (that of reducing tho tax upon the friendly and business correspon dence of individuals, will be attained, and at the same time, the usefulnessof ihe pub lic mail greatly enlarged and extended to t hose portions of the Union hitherto meas urably denied the necessary mail facili ties. “If the Government was required to pav postage upon official correspondence, and if the franking privilege was abolished or reduced to proper limits, the revenue of the Department would be increased to an a mount sufficient ofitselfto pay the interest upon the debt to be incurred by the pro posed arrangement, and liquidate the prin cipal in less than thirty years. “I respectfully submit to the President the propriety of communicating to Congress the views which I entertain and have here expressed upon this subject.” New-York owes about $20,000,000; the interest is about SIOOO,OOO. Her public works alone yield her $2,000,000 annually. New-York may therefore bo considered ex ceedingly well off, notwithstanding the great amount of her debt. Sometimes one ofa printer’s greatest diffi cultiesis is to find a paragraph of exactly the right length to fill out a column. 2?tii Congress. Correspondence of the Baltimore Patriot. Washington, December 10, 1841. UNITED STATES SENATE. The first business ofthe session was the introduction ofthe Bill from the House of! Representatives, making provision in part i for the Civil expenses of Government for the year 1842. The Bill having been in troduced, Mr. Evans, of Maine, moved its consideration at this time, for the reason that the contingent fund was so far exhaust ed as to require the immediate passage of the liili. Mr. King opposed the action upon this hill at this time, for the reason that it had long been the practice of Congress to pass hills for itself, and to postpone, to a late day in the session, whatever was necessary for the many Clerks employed by the Depart ments and in the service of the General Government. These clerks were compell ed to be shaved by brokers, and were sub jected io all sorts of impositions by which their pittances, at best small, were reduced. He hoped the bill would go to the commit tee and be amended in this particular. Mr. Evans replied that the Bill before the Senate originated with the House, and for any omissions in it the Senate were not responsible. The many evils complained of by the Senator from Alabama, however, would exist if the Bill did not pass, as it proposed in part to pay debts for printing, fuel, &e. which had been continued as long as a year. To seconding one question, however, Mr. Evans moved the reference to the Committee on Finance. Several Bills were then introduced and referred, of a private nature, or not of a public interest, with many Petitions rela ting to various objects. Two other portions of the President’s Message, not referred yesterday, were also sent, to their several Standing Committees. Mr. Preston then introduced a Resolu tion, which was adopted without opposition, colling upon the Secretary ofthe Treasury for bis plan for a fiscal agency. The Senate then, on motion of Mr. Ben ton, adjourned to meet again on Monday next. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. The business of the day in the House of Representatives, has, in the main, been in connection with the President’s Message. The reference of the Message to the several committees was the main topic of consider ation, and upon one motion (that to refer what was said ofthe tariff’in the Message,) a brief but spirited debate arose, in which several membejs participated. Mr. Wise, of Virginia, commenced the discussion.— Two motions had been submitted ; the one to refer to the Committee on Manufactures, and the other to the Committee on Ways and Means. Mr. Wise supported the latter reference, and in the course of his remarks undertook to say that there was nothing in the mes sage which related to protective duties, or which proposed the least protection what ever. It spoke of’Tarift’only in reference to revenue for Government purposes, and in no other light. Reading what was said, he remarked that neither antecedent to the test, or subsequent to it, could any thing he found at all referring to protection. He de fied any gentieman to find even an infer ence favorable to protection. In regard to the main question at issue before the House, that of reference, he was for referring that part of it, to the Committee on Ways and Means. * Mr. Foster, of Georgia, advocated the same reference as the most proper, for the reason that a tariff for protection, was un | constitutional, and it was not proper to re j fertile subject to any committee, but one who had charge of the subject as a matter of revenue. He did not know the personal predilections of those on the two Commit tees, but he did know that a Committee of Revenue was the proper Committee. There might be as many friends of manufactures in one Committee as another, of this he knew nothing. But as long as he regard ed protection in violation of the Constitu tion, lie should not consent that a subject like this should go to the Committee of Manufactures. Mr. Rhott stated briefly his reasons for referring the message to the Committee of Ways and Means. He was opposed to pro tection upon all occasions. Protection could not be incidental to revenue ; it was absurd to say it could. Protection was un constitutional, and the revenue committee was the only committee which could prop erly consider the subject. Mr. R. was of opinion, also, that revenue ceased where protection began. Mr. Fillmore advocated the reference to the Committee on Manufactures, and gave his reasons ably and at some length. He regarded the reference as immaterial to the fact, because, whatever committee had charge of the subject, Congress would aet for itself. Mr. F. reminded the House, al so, of the formation of the old committee, and stated many precedents of former Con gresses to guide the action of the present. Mr. Briggs said gentlemen were raising a false issue here. The only question was whether the tariff should regard or disre gard the manufacturing interests of the country. Nothing was said of a tariff for protection in the message with a view to revenue. There was no principle at issue upon the proposition to protect the manufac turers. The gentleman from South Caro lina had met this question in the face—in the very teeth of what was said by the Pre sident in his Message. He had declared (hat revenue should be raised altogether regardless of manufactures. The senti ment was frankly expressed, but it was one which he could not subscribe. Mr. Meriwether, of Georgia, who spoke next, took the same view of the subject as his colleague had taken, and advocated the same reference. Mr. Smith, of \a., also spoke at some length, and upon the same side. Mr. Proffit, of Indiana, advocated the same reference also, and was replied to by 1 rwin, of Pa., who was disposed to argue the motion somewhat politically. lie was surprised to hear Georgians <!• - dare protection, unconstitutional, when General Harrison, was known to favor pro tection, within tho terms of the act of com promise. Mr. I rwin concluded at 0 o’cl’k. and the del ate closed here for the day, hv an adjournment, and without disposing of the question. The following arc the resolutions upon which the above discussion ensued. Mr. Fillmore stated that as it was apparent that tin chit f business of'th ■ House must bode laved until the Mi ssage of the President has been disposed of one way or another, he hoped the House would consent now to take it up arid dispose of it. Mr. F. then offer ed the following resolutions : 1. Resolved, That so much of the An mull Message of the President, with the ac company ing documents communicated to this House on the 7th inst as relates to the subjects of controversy and negotiation so much thereof as relates to our relations with uiher ibrei;. n nations be referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 2. Resolved, That so much thereof as relates to the suppression of the African slave trade, and so much thereof as relates to the removal of causes involving our in ternational obligations from the State to the Federal Judiciary, and also so much there of as relates to the regulation and restraint of Executive power in removals from of fice, be referred to the Committee on tho J udiciary. 3. Resolved. That so much thereof as re lates to the sixth census, and the appoint ment of Representatives to the House be re ferred to a select committee. 4. Resolved. That so much thereof as relates to the finances of the” Government be referred to the Committee of Ways and Means. 5. Resolved, That so much thereof as relates io the tariff be referred to the Com mil tee on Manufactures. 0. Resolved, That so much thereof as re lates to the currency, exchanges, and a fis cal agent he referred to a sedeet committee. 7. Resolved, That so much thereof as relates to the Army, fortifications, and the Florida war be referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. 6. Resolved, That so much thereof as re lates to the Navy and maritime defences of thecountrv be referred to the Committee on the Military Affairs. 9. Resolved. That so much thereof as relates to the Post Office establishment he referred to the Committee on the Post Of fice and Post Roads. 10. Resolved, That so much thereof as relates to the Smithsonian legacy be refer red to a select committee. 11. Resolved, That so much thereof as relates to the District of Columbia be refer cd to the Committer on the District of Col umbia. Correspondence of the Charleston Patriot. Washington, December 18. The political writers are still calm ; but it is, 1 presume, but the prelude to a storm. The Whigs are doing nothing, and their op ponents are waiting until they see what course will be taken. In the present state of tilings there is scarcely one man in six who can satisfactorily “ define his posi tion,” or say to what party lie strictly be longs. I presume, however, that we shall not remain in suspense much longer, for this evening a resolution was reported by Mr. Cushing, from the Select Committee on Fi nance, calling for the famous ‘plan’ with its ‘ details’ from lie Secretary ofthe Trea sury. The resolution was adopted unani mously, and to morrow the document is ex pected. After the report of the Committee shall have been made, gentlemen will then be compelled to show their hands. In the House, most of the day was occu pied in the presentation of petitions. Mr Adams was very uneasy, and wanted the motion of reference, made by him on yes terday, called up. The Speaker told him that he must wait until the States had been called for petitions. Mr. Thompson of Mississippi, gave no lice of a bill to repeal the first seven sec tions of the Distribution Act, passed at tho last session. In tho Senate, Messrs. Preston and Cal houn appeared in their places. Mr. White, on leave, introduced a bill, making appropriation for the continuation of tho Cumberland Road, which was twice read and referred. It appears that the western people intend pressing lids subject in spite of every difficulty. ‘ Wait,’ say they, ‘ for a few years, until we become a little stronger, and then we will ask no fa vors. Our vote will be too strong to be tri fled with.’ Mr. Woodbury gave notice of a resolu tion, the object of which is to ad just the pay of Navy Officers, so as to equalize the Na val and Military service in that respect. The subjects referred to in the Presi dent’s Message, were distributed among the Standing Committees, so that there will hereafter he no lack of business. If we may judge from the number of pe titions against the Bankrupt Law, it is pro bable that a strong effort will be made for its repeal. This, I imagine, cannot be done, but that tho law will be materially altered, there appears to be no doubt. Flic Select Committee, on the Smithso nian Bequest, have already commenced business. Their report is expected next week. It is very desirable that this bequest should be appropriated to its object, without further delay. Mr. Adams is in favor of applying a large portion of it to the Nation al Institute in this city. The National Intelligencer of the 18th says : Neither House of Congress sits to day, both having adjourned over to Mon day—the Senate from Thursday, and the House of Representatives from last even ing. The House of Representatives for 2 days past have been engaged in an earnest and very interesting discussion upon the sub ject of Revenue and Protective Duties.— The debate sprung up somewhat unexpect edly on Tburday upon a motion to refer that part of tho President’s Message rela ting to (ho Tariffto the Committee on Man ufactures. A subsequent motion was made to refer (he same part ofthe Message to the Committee of Ways and Means. The question pending is, to which ofthe Com mittees shall this part of the Message be referred ! Tile debate, however, is not confined to the question, but, so far, has bet n laid open to the entire subject of Rev enue, Protection, and all the incidental ’ matters growing out of the vexed question ofthe Tariff. A great variety ofopijfcons have been advanced during the discussion, and some of them, as will be seen, of quite a novel character. That part of the Presi dent's Message, also, which refers to tho subject of the Tariff and Revenue, has been variously interpreted—some regarding it as containing opinions in favor of such dis criminating duties as will aid incidentally domestic manufactures, and others drawing conclusions almost directly the reverse of this. Members from almost all parts of the country already have spoken upon the subject, and the House yesterday adjourn ed upon the question with an indication that the debate might even yet continue for some days. The diversity of opinion above referred to, it may be proper to add, is not greater than has been heretofore experienced when ever the Tariff is on the lapis; on which occasions the recognised party lines are e-’ rased, or, at least, pretty much disregard ed. Reeonlre between two members of the Ten nessee Legislature. —The Nashville Whig ofthe evening of the 20th ult. states that a rencontre wiih pistols took place on that afternoon in from •>i'th Capitol, immediate ly after the adjournment of the two Houses between Mr. H ■ !, end Mr. Rowles, members of the House <>! Representatives of Tennessee. The Whig say -Altho were used In both pi riles, (the second pis lol of Mr. Haskell : ury was inflicted on oitlv r : •, <\n u slight flesh wound in thi D ‘ V ; But we regret to learn ... 1 a young man in the store of i.i, ... and. ley. was slightly wounded in tin- i.ne hv a hall from one ofthe pistols fired by Mr. Rowles. The Banner of tlie same dale, in descri bing the scenes ofSaturdav, says— “ln the House, an exciting and discred itable scene occurred, while the resolutions relating to the right of interrogation and in struction, were receiving the final action of that body. Confusion and uproar prevailed —the Speaker was openly instilled, and menaces and defiances were cast and hu led back among some of the members with great bitterness. Altogether the scene was a disgraceful one, and we hope it will ne ver he repeated in the halls ofthe Tennes see Legislature.” The combatants belong to opposite par ties, and the affair grew out of a debate in the House of a very exciting character.— Mr. Haskell, Whig, threatened on the floor ofthe House to chastise Mr. Rowles, Dem., for words spoken in the debate, and there-* 1 upon Mr. Rowles passed a blow at Mr. H. which he was prevented by the bystanders from returning. The Smithsonian Bequest. —The money 1 fro the Smithsonian Bequest was received by the government in British Gold, which, with that horrorof'British gold which dis tinguished the administration of Van Buren was at once exchanged for Democratic Pa per, viz: the bonds of the Loeofoco State of Arkansas. These bonds are now wjorth a bouthalf what they were taken for by the Government, and if the Mississippi doc trine of repudiation prevails, are worth just nothing. This is a specimen of Loeofoco financiering. —Providence Journal. The Bank of England covers five acres of ground and employs over nine hundred clerks. Every thing for the use of the Bank is made on its own premises, and the printing of its notes is a large item. A note once returned to the Bank is never to ho re issued, but is filed away, and at the end of ten years, burnt. The workmen are busi ly at work every day in the year, save Sun days, in printing notes. At the annual burning, two days are required, with a large fire, to destroy the old notes; and it employs two men constantly in feeding the fires. From the American Almanack for 1842. STATISTICS OF RELIGIOUS DE NOMINATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. Denominations. Churches. Ministers. Members. Baptists 0319 4239 432,000 do Freewill 753 012 33,870 do Seventh Day - 42 40 4,503 do Six Principle - 10 10 2,117 Catholics, 512 545 800,000 Christians, 1000 800 150,000 Congregationalists, - 1300 1150 160,000 Dutch Reformed, - - - 197 192 22,515 Episcopalians, 950 849 600,000 Friends, 500 lOOJtyO German Reformed, - 000 180 30(17(10 Jews, 15,000 Lutherans, 750 207 62,260 Menonites, 200 30,000 Methodists Episcopal,- 3100 680,549 do Protestant 400 50,000 Moravians or U’nd Broth 24 33 5,745 Mormonites, - 12,000 New Jerusalem Church, 27 33 5,000 Presbyterians, 2807 2225 274,084 do Cumberland, 500 450 50,000 do Associate, - -183 87 10,000 do Reformed, -40 20 3,000 do Asso’e ltel, 214 116 12,000 Shakers, 15 45 G,OOO Tunkers 4040 3,000 Unitarians, - 200 174 Univere abate, 000 317 In the above table the whole number of Cath olics, Episcopalians, Friends, Jews nf \ New Churchmen are given, while the others ■embrace only communicants or church members ‘.strictly. The whole number of persons attached (•-,> the loading denominations is estimated as follows; — Baptists (of all sorts) 4,300,000: Methodists (do) * 3,000,000, Presbyterians (do) 2,175,000: Congre gationali.sts, 1,400,000; Lutherans, 540,000; — Dutch Reformed, 450,000; Christians 300$09; Universalists, 600,000; Unitarians, I*o.ooo.
