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MEWS & PLANTERS’ GAZETTE.
IV. J. Editor.
Mo. 14.—NEW SERIES.]
& PUNTEK BAZtTTL
terms:
*ublieiiotl woekly at Three Dollars per atn uni
if paid at ‘ho time of subscribing; or Three
Dollars and Fifty Cents, if not paid till the expi
ration of six months.
No paper to bo discontinued,unit ss a; li e
option of tiie Editor, without the settlement of
all arrearages.
ET betters, on business, must he post) aid. to
insure attention. No communication shah he
published, unless tee are made acqttainUd with
the name of the author.
We arc authorized to an
nounce JOSEPH T. BLAKEY, Esq. a Candi
date for tiie office of Receiver and, Tax Collector
for Wilkes county, at, the Election in January
next. October 20, 1842. 8
(jy We are authorized to an
nounce THOMAS A. HEARD, Esq., a Candi
date for the Office of Tax Collector and Receiver,
for the County of Wilkes, at the approaching E-
Jection. Nov. 0, 1642.
remo¥Al7
THE Subscriber lias removed lo the Store j
lately occupied by Messrs. M. P. (lallaway ■
&Cos, where he hopes all those wishing Goods !
cheap for Cash, will call.
11. S. BELCHER.
October 6, 1842. 0
■ Bonnots and Ribbons,
OF the latest Patterns and most fashionable
Style, together with all the necessary Bon
* net Trimmings ; English Straw, Dunstable,
Tuscan or Florence, Silk, Willow, and Tissue
Bonnets; Palui Leaf Iloods ; Rich Fall Hat and
Neck Ribbons, and Bonnet Silks,
Just received at BELCHER’S
Oct 6, 1842. Cheap Cash Store.
Silk and Cotton Umbrellas and
Parasols,
Oct.C, 1842. At BELCHER’S
Rich fig’d. Silks.
Alapacca Lustris, Thread, Mechlin, Lisle Thread
and Bobinet Edging, White Goods of all descrip
tions, Sic. Sac. 8-4 Moiu-seiaine, Bros';:. 3;;r.-
no, Rob Roy, and ( ashmere Shawls , Fancy
Udkfs. and Rich Velvet Points, at
BELCHERS
Oct. 6, 1842. Cheap < .\<b Store.
5,000 yards Calico,
At Oj to 87 cts. per yard : 4-4 wide at 25 cents;
Ginghams, Merinoes, Red and White Flannels,
bleached and unbleached Sheetings & Shirting;,,
50 doz. white Cotton Hose, at l'j£- cts. per pair,
30 “ white, slate, black and mix’d. Cotton
Hose, 25 to 50. Call at BELCHER’S
Oct. 6,1842. Cheap Cash Store.
Tailors’ Trimmings,
In all their varieties.
Coat, Over-coat and Vest Buttons,
Hhud Vest Binding; Silk and worsted Ser
&.c. &c., at BELCHER’S
Uct. 6,1842. Cheap Cash Store.
Cheap
BOOTS & SHOES.
gpi Gents. fine Calf liools, nt $5 50.
fj Do. do. extra, 0 50.
Ladies’ Kid Ties & Buskins,
Do. Seal & Morocco Shoes,
Men’s ami Boys’ Ruasett Brogans,
Do. do. Kip do.
Boy’s and Children’s Shoes, of dilVereut kinds,
On hand and for sale at BELCHER’S
Oct.G, 1842. Cheap Cash Store - .
To the Gentlemen.
Just received at BELCHER’S
SUPERFINE black and blue Broadcloths,
Beaver Cloths, Fancy &, Black Cassimeres,
Rich Vestings, Stocks, Scarfs, Cotton Shirts,
Cotton and woolen Under-Shirts and Drawers,
Colton and worsted half lloso ; Buck, Iloskin
and Woolen Gloves, &c. &c.
Also, a fine assortment of
Ready-made Clothing,
Frock and Dress Coats, Over-Coats, Pants and
Vests, Cheap. Oct. 0,1842.
Collins’ ikxcs.
Georgia & Kentucky patterns,
at §1 75, for sale at
BELCHER’S Cheap Cash Store.
Oct. 6,1842. fi
Tailoring Establishment
Removed over 11. S. Belcher’s Store.
r|MIE Subscriber begs leave to inform tho pub
r lie and his former customers, that irrconse
quence of the present Hard Times, he will make
up Work in a Superic.r Style of Fashion, at a
reduced price for Cash. Cotton, Hog-meat,
Lard, Meal, Flour, or Irish Potatoes. Persons
wishing to patronize a TAILOR that is willing
bo comply with the Times, can do so by applying
to the Subscriber.
WILLIAM F. SOIIAN.
October 13, 1812. 7
COTTINGIt BUTLER,
ATTOKNIKS,
HVVE taken an OFFICE over G. P. Co
zart's Store.
January, 1842. 28
EXECUTOR’S SALE. ~
Will be sold before the Court-House door in
. Washington, Wilkes county, on the first Tues
day in January next, between the legal saie
hours,
Four Negroes, to-vvit; Abram, a man, about
50 years of age, and Lucy, a woman, about 20
years old, and her two children, belonging to the
Estate of Joseph Henderson, deceased. Sold
for the benefit of Richard Henderson’s orphans.
Terms made known on the day of sale.
FELIX G. HENDERSON, Ex’r.
November 3 t , 1812 t 10
DRY GOODS
Cheap for Cash*
m suuauuitift*
Has on hand and is now opening, a large
assortment of
Staple anti Fancy
Dry (woods,
Which he will sell very low for CASH.
AMONG WHICH AltK :
Black, blue, invisible-green, mulberry,
drab and mix’d Broadcloths
Black and blue plain Cassimeres
Do. do. figured do.
Fancy, diamond and diagonel do.
Black, blue, mix’d, and drab Sattinets-
Kentucky Jeans, Kerseys and Linseys
Red, white, green and yellow Flannels
Plain and diamond Beaver Cloths, for O
vercoats
Pilot Cloth, Tweeds arid Cable Cassimeres
French and English Merinoes
Plain and figured Muslin de Laincs
Plain and twilled Alpaca’s
A large assortment of French, English and
American Calicoes
Plain black Chaily, fine article
Plain, figured and watered black Silks
Chino, plaid and figured fancy Silks
Black and white Satins, tor Dresses
Do. do. for Vestings
Black silk Velvets, for do.
A large assortment of Winter Shawls
Irish Linens and Scotch Ginghatns
Silk, cotton and worsted Hosiery.
also,
A General Assortment of
Rats, Bools, Shoes, and Saddlery,
Hardware and Cutlery,
Drugs, Medicines, Paints, Oils,
Glass, Queens ware,
and nearly every article usually kept in a
Dry Good Store, which he is determined : -
sell low, believing a “ nimble six-pehoe is
bettor than a slow shilling.”
sip People from the country would do
well to call and examine for themselves.
Washington, Ga., Nov. 1842 13
~ W ARE-HOUS B~
A ND
COMMISSION BUSINESS,
BROAD-STREET, AUGUSTA, GA.
m
VVM. A. BEALL & Cos.,
INFORM their friends and the public gener
ai!v, that, they continue the above business at
their FIRE-PROOF WARE-HOUSE, on Broad
street, (formerly occupied by Rees & Beall.) and
will receive and forward Goods of every descrip
tion, collect Drafts, Notes, Buis or Accentances;
and hope, by strict attention to business, to merit
a continuance and extension of patronage.
J OHN RQBSON &, Cos., Grocery Merchants,
will act .as our agents at Madison.
September 1, 1842. 18t 1
For Sale,
Bacon, Bard, Butter,
Pork, Beef,
Calves.
Cheap for Cash, by
JOHN D. THOMPSON.
! Nov. 3,1842. 10
ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
ON Friday the 6th day of January next, will
be sold at the late residence of Mary
Hughes, deceased, in the county of Wilkes, all
the Perishable Property belonging to the Estate
of said deceased, consisting of Corn, Fodder,
Oats, Stock of a’l kinds, Household and Kitchen
Furniture, and Farmer’s Utensils. Sale to con
tinue from day to day until all is sold. Terms
made known on the day.
BARNARD 11. HUGHES, Adm’r.
November 24th, 1842. 7t 13
EXECUTOR’S SALE.
Will be sold on Friday the sixth day of January
next, at the late residence oi Mary Hughes,
deceased, in the county of Wilkes,
The Household and Kitchen Furniture, be
longing to the Estate of William Hughes, de
ceased. Also, at the same time and place, the
Negroes belonging to said Estate wifi be Hired
out and the Land rented for the ensuing year.—
Terms made known on the day.
BARNARD H. HUGHES, Ex’r.
November 24, 1842. 7t 13
GUARDIAN’S SALE. ‘
Will lie sold on the first fi’uesday in January
next, at the Court-House door in Lincolnton,
Lincoln county, between the legal hours of
sale,
A Negro man by the name of Will, belonging
to the heirs of Thomas Dallis, Jr. deceased, late
of Lincoln county. Sold !or distribution among
the heirs of said deceased. Sold on a twelve
! month’s credit.
WILLIAM DALLIS, ) ~
ISAIAH DALLIS, guardians.
November 24, 1842. 13
ADMIN ISTRATOR’S SALE,
VVUi be sold on the first Tuesday in January
next, before the Court-House door in Wash
ington, Wilkes county, between the legal
hours of sale,
Four hundred Acres of Lund, more or less,
lying in said county, on Newford Creek, belong
ing to the Estate of Thomas Blakey, deceased.
Terms made known on the day of sale.
WILLIAM Q. ANDERSON, 4dm r.
Novitpiber 3,18£f ih ID
WASHINGTON, (WILKES COUNTY, GA.,) DECEMBER I, 1842.
FAMILY JROCERY.
npiIIE Subscriber has just received and odors
-i- for sale, on the best terms for purchasers,
anew and extensive assortment of
GROCERIES,
CONSISTING OF
Brown and Loaf Sugars; Coffee;
Black and Green Teas,
Molasses, Stilt, Rice, Cheese,
Fine chewing Sc smoking Tobacco
Spice, Nutmegs, Pepper, Butter Crackers, Al
monds, Raisins, Candies of many kinds, Bnuff,
Seidlitz Powders, Ink, Letter and Foolscap Pa
per, Margrine, Composition, and Hull & Hons
Tallow Candles, Lump Oil, Soap, Powder, Shot
and Lead, Shoe-thread, Allum, Salt-petro, Sale
ratus, Starch, Window Glass, Shaving Soap,
Blacking, Matches, Mustard, Blueing, Indigo,
Brooms, &c. &c.
Mackerel, Nos. 1 and 2.
Also, a variety of fmc LIQUORS, viz.:
Port, Madeira, Tenerifle, Malaga and Claret
WINES ; Lemon Syrup, iSic.
An assortment of NAILS.
ID’ All of which will be sold as CHEAP for
CASH, as can be procured in this place.
EDGAR VINCENT.
November 10,1842. 11
~~ shoes".
JUST received, a few cases of NEGRO
BROGANS, very heavy, made in the best
manner and of tiie best materials. Also, SHOES
of other descriptions—offered at reduced nrices
for Cash. A. L. LEWIS.
October 13,1842. 7
To Teachers,
A TEACHER wanted to take charge of the
Rock Spring Academy, in Wilkes county,
for the ensuing year For particulars, apply to
the Subscriber, living 14 miles N. W. of Wash
ington, who can be seen or addressed during the
sitting of the Legislature, at Miiledgeville.
I, \J. IIILL.
November 24,18-12. 4t 13
FACTORAGE
COMMISSION BUSINESS.
I? 8 ? flfil
THE SUBSCRIBER,
“S'! AKES this method of informing his friends
JL and the public, that he still continues the
FACTORAGE AND COMMISSION BUSI- |
NESS in this city. He will attend promptly to
the sale of Cotton, purchasing supplies, and Re
ceiving and Forwarding Goods. He respectful
ly solicits a share of the public patronage.
JOSEPH W. ROBERTS.
Refer to Mr. A. L. Alexander, of Wilkes co.
“ Capt. Joseph Jones, of Liberty.co.
“ Dr, Charles West, of Houston co.
Savannah, 16th November, 1842. 9t 13
EXECUTOR’S SALE.
Will be sold on the first, Tuesday in January
next, before the Court-House door in the town
of Washington, Wilkes county, between the
usual hours of sale,
All thb Negroes belonging to the Estate of
Ann Leveret t, deceased, consisting of men, wo
men and children. Sold for the benefit of the
heirs and creditors of said deceased. ‘Perms
made known on the day of sale.
GEORGE SHANK, Executor.
November 24,1842 13
ALL persons having any demands against the
Estate of Mrs. Nancy M. Hunt, late of El
bert county, deceased, will present them as the
law requires, and all persons indebted to said Es
tate will please make immediate payment, as I
cannot in duty to others delay the settlement of
said Estate. J. V. HARRIS, Ex’r.
Elbcrton, Nov. 8,1842. tit 11
EXECUTOR’S SALE. “
Will be sold at the late residence of Mrs. Nancy
M. Hunt, deceased, in Elbert, county, on Mon
day the 12th day of December next, (as the
law directs,) all the perishable property of said
deceased, (Negroes excepted,)
Consisting of a large Stock of Horses, Mules,
Cattle, Sheep, Hogs, (about one hundred fat, for
Pork,) a large crop of Corn, several hundred
bushels of the best kind of Wheat, a large quan
tity of the highly-valued Irish Oats, a quantity of
Potatoes, two four-wheeled Carriages, several
Wagons and Carts, several yoke ot Oxen, sev
eral stall-fed Beeves. Also, the Household and
Kitchen Furniture, consisting of many valuable
articles, too tedious to men:lon. Also, one sett
of Blacksmith’s Tools ; one of Orr’s best Cotton
Gins ; all the Farming utensils, and many other
articles not enumerated.
The Plantation belonging to said deceased,
will be Rented at the same time, for one year.
The temi3 of sale will be made known on the
day. A liberal credit may be expected. The
Sale will continue from day to day Until all is
sold.
J V. HARRIS, Executor.
November 8,1842. 5t 11
EXECUTOR’S SALE.
1 LI, be sold at the late residence of Col.
** A. Wellborn, deceased, in Wilkes coun
ty, on Monday the nineteenth day of December
next, all the perishable property belonging so
the Estate of said deceased, consisting of
Horses, Mules, Cattle, Hogs and Sheep. Al
so, Plantation Tools, Household and Kitchen
Furniture. Also, seventy-seven Negroes will
be hired and Land rented.
Terms made known on the day of sale.
83* Sale to continue from day to day until all
is sold and Negroes hired.
NICHOLAS WILEY, Ex’r.
November 3,1842. 7t 10
JFatJiTK'imSL,
EXECUTED AT THIS
© ? F 8 © E ,>
PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY MORNING.
agricultural.
A I) D R E S S
Deliverer! before the Planters’ Club of Hancock
county, on the 4th day of November, 1842, by
j the lion. Garnett Andrews.
i I have been induced to address the mem
i hers of ihe Planters’Club of Hancock com)-
I ty, not from the vain hope that I should be
i a [‘U to distinguish myselfin the discharge
I°f t Li s duty—not to gratify any love for
public speaking, any desire for applause or
i admiration—lndeed, it has been so’ long
since 1 engaged in this exercise, that it has
Become a task, rather than the pleasure it
once was.
But I wished to express my sympathy
with those who have undertaken toimprove
the agriculture of our country, and to ac
knowledge my gratitude to you for thedis
tinction conferred in selecting me for the
duty I am now about to discharge.
If i shall drop one idea that shall ad
vance the great cause in which you stand
among the foremost in our State ; if l shall
be so happy as to say any thing which shall
make one of mv fellow men, engaged in
planting, -‘brown with toil,” and discour
aged with his pursuit, feel the dignity, in
dependence, security, and happiness at
tendant on this ancient calling, 1 shall not
have labored in vain. If I shall be so un
fortunate as to advance nothing new, as re
gards the improvements with which the
present is rife, or which shall make tillers
of the earth more in love with rural occu
pations, I hope 1 shall not fail to impress
you with the deep interest I feel for those
who live “by the sweat of the brow,” and
the hearty good will with which I enter into
any enterprise that may promote the inter
ests of the great agricultural class of soci
ety.
Need I tell you of the antiquity of the
calling. It has always been among the
first evidences of civilization ; nay, it has
preceded all others. When our first pa
rents were placed in the garden of Eden,
they were commanded “to dress it and to
keep it.” This suggests what is the prom
inent feature in the science; tiiatof all, it
is most consistent with our enjoyment; for
all morals and true religion teaches us, that
God designs, our happiness. It is well for
civilized man, as so many are engaged in i
the pursuit, that it is so. A short review I
of some of its recommendations will make !
it manifest, that when I say this, I speak
the words of soberness and truth. The bi
ography of those who pursue other trades
and professions, is but the opinion of the
world, as to its compatibility with the hap
piness of our species. The final resting
place sought in this life, by the merchant,
the mechanic, the professional man, and e
ven the soldier, is the fireside of a retired
home; and his iast pursuit, the rural and
quiet occupation of tilling the earth. We
would not only doubt the judgement, but
question the sanity, of the planter who
should speak of retiring from the cares and
perplexities of his plantation, to take his
ease at the jack-plain and jointer, behind
the counter, and in easting up accounts, in
the amusement of special pleading, wrang
ling in courts, and entertaining clients, or
seeking it even at the cannon’s mouth.—
Wiih those engaged in other trades and pro
fessions, feelings of rivalry and jealousy
embitter their pursuit ; the fruits seem to
be snatched from more unfortunate compe
titors—perhaps from the mouths of distres
sed, if not starving families ; their business
necessarily brings them in contact with the
vices, the selfishness and imperfections of
the world. But when the year is crowned
witii goodness, in the increase ofthe ground
and the gathering in of the fruits thereof,
the farmer knows that the bounty of the
earth has not been stinted to him to bless
the labors of his neighbor husbandman ;
that the filling of his neighbors barns does
not curse his with emptiness ; and if the
world be disagreeable, his business does not
require him to come in contact with it far
ther than inclination may prompt.
Unlike others, he need never be cursed
with idleness, the parent of vice and the
destroyer of cheerfulness. The merchant
may hang listlessly over his counter, com
plaining of hard times ; the mechanic may
sit idly by his tools, while his children want
for bread ; but for the farmers hand there
i3 always something to do.
I speak of occupation, of physical labor,
if you will,asa blessing; and why it should
ever have been considered a curse, I know
not. It is a blessing of itself, for the moral
virtues which it fosters, for industry, pa
tience, economy, temperance, and self-de
fence. It is still more profitable to our
physical well being. In its train is, first
and foremost, health ; then follow cheerful
ness, activity, strength, longevily, and, I
may add, manly beauty. I mean the labor
of the husbandman, in the free air, and in
the face of high Heaven. It is a blessing,
not only that he labors, but that he is com
pelled to labor ; for the greater the object
to be gained, the greater the relish for the
means of its attainment. Who could feel
an interest in walking in a circle, or even
upand down a piazza ? or in turning a han
dle with no definite object ? But let the
walk be in pursuit of a plan whose opera
tions are to be crowned with a harvest to
the needy ; or let the turning boon drawing
a bucket, or grinding corn, whose ends are
to quencii thirst or allay hunger, and an
interest, even pleasure, is given to the ex
ercise, which all can understand. Thus
has an all-wise and merciful God sweeten
ed labor to those who are compelled to earn
their bread by the sweat of the brow ; and
well for men tjtaf it is so ; for it is not more
true that the majority must rule, than that
the majority must toil.
I lie cultivation of the earth is not only
the oldest and most agreeable, but the most
respectable employmentfor man. I cannot
give in to (lie common opinion, that it is an
inferior or humble occupation. It may be
true that a large proportion of those en
gaged in the pursuit are not as intelligent
as some members of the professions, but the
difference is not the occupations, but in
those who prosecute them. There is noth
ing in the business of agriculture to excuse
the cultivators of the earth for being satis
fied with limited information. Mental ex
ercise, if engaged in for a short time until
a taste for it be acquired, gives a charm to
life that greatly enhances its enjoyments,
particularly to those whose business calls
into requisition the physical powers only.
Professional men are expected to be well
informed, but have less opportunity to ad
vance in knowledge, unconnected with their
professions, than any other class of society.
Their business is to study a particular sci
ence, or class of sciences connected there
with, and every hour devoted to any other,
is stolen from their means of making a li
ving. If half the hours of relaxation a plan
ter has upon his hands were devoted to stu
dy, ho might in the course of an ordinary
life, without encroaching on his business,
become an accomplished scholar and an or
nament to his calling. Even the common
laborer, when he dissipates in idleness the
hours, of physical repose, throws away
years of improvement.
Professional men, having a taste for rea
ding, steal the time which should be devo
ted to their professions ; farmers having
time, want only taste, which would soon be
acquired by a little indulgence in literary
pursuits. They might be enticed into the
habit, by newspapers, or any othor light
reading. x\nd there is no better way to
commence, than by taking an agricultural
paper of high character ; and if they coti
not be interested in its column, then I give
them up, as incapable oftliat rational and
high enjoyment derivable from the acquisi
tion of knowledge. If the farmer be dis
posed to become accomplished in his occu
pation, there is none which affords more
(bod for the mind ; for none other is connec
ted with a wider range of science, affords
more ample scope for the most enlarged and
active intellect.
As the mind and hands work harmoni
ously together to a scientific farmer, the
practical part becomes a beautiful process
for the developement of the hidden truths of
science. Apart from the dignity and pleas
ures in store for those who would accom
plish their minds, the good that accrues to
society from an intelligent class of farmers,
cannot be estimated. In the language of
one of our most eloquent orators, “An intel
ligent class can never be, as a class, vi
cious—never as a class, indolent. The
excited mental activity operates as a coun
terpoise to the stimulus of sense and appe
tite. Tiie new world of ideas—the new
views of the relation of things—the aston
ishing secrets of the physical properties and
mechanical powers, discovered to the well
informed mind, presents attractions which,
unless the character is deeply sunk, are
sufficient to counterbalance the taste for
frivolous or corrupt pleasures ; and thus in
the end a standard of character is created
in the community, which though it does not
invariably save each individual, protects
the virtue of the mass.” Our educated
young men have crowded into professions,
and given the business of farming into the
hands of those whose early advantages have
been limited. The latter have obtained
the wealth ofthe country; they have be
came land owners and slave holders. The
former, with every advantage which can
embellish and adorn society, by overstock
ing those pursuits, have rendered them pro
fitless, and unfitted themselves for the sure
and safe business oftilling the earth. The
evil, I am glad to perceive, is correcting it
self. So many are now educated, that they
are forced to do what should have been a
matter of choice ; and as they scatter them
selves over the land, we shall soon see the
fruits of their intercourse with the planting
interest. We may hope to see the class
generally more elevated by this leaven,
which is diffusing itself through the lump,
and our country ornamented with educated
planters, whose taste will give a charm to
their occupation—whose libera! and expan
ded views shall push forward the spirit of
improvement now abroad in the land—and
whose correct notions of social duties shall
strengthen the hands of those in authority,
to the advancement of truth and justice.
No man with ths broad continent before
him, need hesitate a moment in choosing an
employment for his sons, respectable to pur
sue, and sure in the end. Owners of the
soil, throughout the world, are lords of the
country, and the ease of its acquisition in
our State, can alone account for the indif
ference towards its possession. For that
which can be obtained by all, is prized by
none.
The institutionof slavery adds much to
the dignity and interest of the occupation
in our Southern States, and when humane
ly and properly conducted, elevates the
owner almost to a level with a patriarchal
prince. The slave does not feel humilia
ted by his service, and the labor which he
so freely renders, costshim no mental pain.
To the master who exercises his power in
humanity and justice, belongs the dignity of
a ruler and protector. And I will take this
occasion to remark that the institution has
no enemy so much to be dreaded, as the
master who uses his power wantonly and
ML J. KAI’PESi, Printer.
[VOLUME XXVIII.
1 cruelly. It is the report of some few and
extraordinary casesof cruelty that gives it
a false character abroad, and has raised
almost the whole civilized world against
one of the most interesting, and I may say,
beautiful relations in society.
This is the only property, in our South
ern states, which may be said to have upon
it the price of the affections. A man will
sell the old homestead, and even his parent’s
graves, yet hold to his slaves. This is one
reason why it is the most valuable proper
ty that a father can give his children. An
extravagant son will, without remorse,
spend a pecuniary, or any other legacy,
wanting a tongue to beg or rebuke—but
when a slave is about to be forced from the
family in which lie was born, his tongue is
sometimes loosed, and then he becomes an
eloquent advocate in behalfof those virtues
once taught and practised by his old, but
now neglected and forgotten by his young
master—and when placed on the sheriff’s
block, stands under his hammer, a monu
ment ofihe worth of the sire& worthlessness
of the son, awakening those “affections that
grow-close about a heart not deadened to
all sense of remorse and shame.” When
old Ceasar, who has grown gray in the ser
vice of his ancestors, shall speak to the
young prodigal of old master and the old
home ; when nurse shall tell of old “mistis,”
recount anecdotes of his infancy, and com
plain ofbeing separated from one whom she
ilas rocked in the cradle and watched at
his sports, if his heart be within a mile of
the right place, it will feel, and feeling,
will repent.
The tenure by which our agricultural
ists hold the soil, makes them literally
“Lords of the soil.” and holds out induce
ments to its improvement, unknown to those
who hold by leases tor a short term of years,
which is the tenure by which most farms
are held by European agriculturalists; and
sometimes at annual rents exceeding the
purchase money in this country. Prof. Low
estimates the annual rent and taxes paid
on a farm of 500 acres in Scotland, at $4,-
500; yet the Scotch fanner generally pros
pers under such burdens.
Nothing adds more to the respectability
of the agricultural employment, than the
independence of those engaged in its prose
cution. Not independent merely because
they can produce all the necessaries of life,
but because they are not compelled to come
like other professions, in constant contact
with the world and its faults.
Men always over estimate that to which
they have not attained ; hence, those dis.
tinguished in the world are objects of envy,
on account of that superior elevation so dif
ficult to obtain. Arid, though he does not
suspect it, the obscure farmer, because of
his independence, is often in turn an object
of the like passion from those exalted favor
ites of fortune, who under the surface of
proud exteriors, frequently carry sensitive
and mortified hearts, humbled with a sense
of dependence on indulgent creditors, for
the possession of the common necessaries
of life.
I have already spoken of the advantages
ofagriculture to all engaged in its pursuit;
but its blessings are not confined to them
alone. For it is not more true that the cul
tivation of the soil is best for man, than that
the cultivators are best for the State. It is
the only employment indispensable to the
existence of acivilized nation. Need I, to
impress you with its importance, recite
what almost every statesman and philoso
pher has said of its usefulness, from Socra
tes down to our own times? This is a truth
too plain to require demonstration. Some
of its branches even, are of more impor
tance to society, than are some of the trades
and professions. Strike our cotton crop
from the productions of the earth, and the
extent ofthe consequences no man can pre
tend to estimate. A failure of the harvest
in England is felt in every quarter of the
globe ; for great as are her manufactures &;
commerce, still greater is her agriculture.
Dr. Humphries estimated the grain crop of
England and Scotland, 0f1835, at 340,000,-
000 bushels.
In Spain, Portugal, South America, and J
I may say, some parts of Italy, where the ■
cultivation of the earth is neglected, the®
population is poor, ignorant, and degraded.®
If you will excuse me for paraphrasing
political saw, I believe it will hold univer®
sally true that, as goes the agriculture of®
State, so goes the State. Th’e labor a|®
soil of a State constitute its true wealth,
when combined, they make the desert and
solitary place glad, and the wilderness to
blossom as a rose. In the strong language
of Dr. Johnson, “tho’ mines of gold and and
silver should be exhausted, and the specie
made of them be Ipsl—tho’ diamonds and
pearls should remain concealed in the bow
els of the earth, and the womb of the sea ;
tho’ commerce with strangers be prohibi
ted ; tho’ all arts that have no other object
than splendor and embellishment should be
abolished ; yet the fertility of the earth a
lone would afford an abundant supply for
the occasion of an industrious people.”—
Other causes may, for a time, exalt a na
tion—Spain, Portugal, Venice and Genoa,
each in turn, rose to power from commerce,
but they have now fallen almost below the
grade of civilized nations. But the agri
cultural wealth of a nation abides with the
soil & cannot be so readily swept bv
adventitious causes. Seeing the overwhel
ming importance of the science to individ
ual happiness and national prosperity, the
wonder is, that more attention has not been
paid to its improvement. Other sciences,,
of very inferior importance,” have progres.
sed with a speed much beyond agriculture.