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About News & planters' gazette. (Washington, Wilkes County [sic], Ga.) 1840-1844 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 16, 1843)
NEWS & PLANTERS’ GAZETTE. D. . COTTING, Editor. No. 12.—NEW SERIES.] News and Planters' 1 Gazette. terms: Published weekly at, Two Dollars and Fifty Cents per annum, ts paid at the time of Subscri bing ; or Three Dollars if not paid till the cxpi rßtion of three months. No paper to be discontinued,unlrsi- at the option of the Uditor, without the settlement of all arrearages. O* Litters, on business, must be postpaid, to insure attention. No communication shall be published, unless we are made acquaintcu ivith the name of the author. TO ADVERTISERS. Advertisements, not exceeding one square, first insertion, Seventy-five Cents ; and for each sub sequent insertion, Fifty Cents. A reduction will be made of twenty-five per cent, to those who advertise by the year. Advertisements not limited when handed in, will be inserted till for bid, and charged accordingly. Sales of Land and Negroes by Executors, Ad ministrators and Gyardians, are required by law, to be advertised, iiyi public Gazette, sixty days previous to the djjßl sale. The sales of Personal Property must be adver tised in like mane M, forty days. Notice to Dqibwms and Creditors of an Estate must be published forty days. Notice that application will be made to the Court of Ordinary, for leave to sell Land or i\e groes, must be published for four months— notice that application will be made for Letters of Administration, must be published thirty days; and Letters of Dismission, six months. Mail Arrangements. POST OFFICE, > Washington, Ga., Sept. 1, 1343. $ EASTERN MAIL. By this route, Mails are made up for Raytown, Double-Wells, Crawfordville, Camacl;, Warren ton, Thompson, Dearing, and Barzelia. ARRIVES. Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, at 9, A. M. CLOSES. Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, at ill, P. M WESTERN MAIL. By this route, Mails are made up for all Offi ces in South-Western Georgia, Alabama, -Mis sissippi, Louisiana, Florida, also Athens, Ga. and the North-Western part of the State. arrives—Wednesday and Friday, by 0 V. M. closes —Tuesday and Thursday, at I'd M. ABBEVILLE, S.C. MAIL. By this route, Mails are made up for Danburg, Pistol Creek, and Petersburg. ARRIVES. Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, by 1 P. M. closes. Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, at 6 A. M. LEXINGTON MAIL. By this route, Mails arc made up for Centre ville, State Rights, Scull-shoals, and Salem. arrives—Monday and Friday, at 9 A. M. closes —Tuesday and Saturday, at 9 A. M. APPLING MAIL. By this route, Mails are made tip for Wrights boro\ White Oak, Walker's Qaiaker Springs. arrives—Tuesday and Saturday, by S) A. M. closes—Monday and Friday, at 9 A. M. ELBERTON MAIL.’ By this route, Mails are made up for Mallo rysville, Goosepoml, Whiles, Mill-Stone, Ilarri sonvilie, and Ruekersvilic. Arrives Thursday 8 P. M., and Closes same time. LINCOLNTON MAIL. By this route, Mails are made up lor Rehoboth, Stoney Point, Goshen, Double Branches, ami Darby’s. Arrives Friday, 12 M. | Closes same time. BIT The Letter Box is the proper place to de posite ail matier-designed to be transported by Mail, and such as may be found there a. tin times above specified, wdl be despalched by art post. ~G. P. CO/ AKT, HAS on hand Cotton Bagging, Colton Yarn, and Factory Cloth for Negro’s wear, from Poullain’s Factor 1 /, cheap for Cash. October 19, 1843. 8 A T r P sa^e at Three Dollars per A. Sack. Apply to BOLTON & NOLAN. October 19, 1843. 8 COTTING & BUTLER, ATTORNIES, HAVE taken an OFFICE on the North side of the Public Square, next door to the Branch Bank of the State oi Georgia. October, 1843. 28 PHILADELPHIA NtW CASH STOKE. Goods Cheaper than ever ! J. MAYER & BROTHERS. RESPECTFULLY inform the citizens of Washington and vicinity, that they have opened a Stock of Goods In the New Building on the West side of the Public Square, one building above Messrs. Bol ton & Nolan. Their Stock consists of American and Foreign Dry <s• Fancy Goods. Bools, Shoes, Ready-made Clothing , and many other articles too edious to mention. Call and suit yourselves. Terms Cash. November 9,1843 3m 11 NELSOiN CARTER, DEALER IN Jgkoice Drugs and Medicines, Chemicals, Patent Medicines, Surgical and Dental Instruments, Perfumery, Brushes, Paints, Oils, Dye-Stuffs, Window Glass, fyc Spc. SIGN OF THE \ AUGUSTA. Ga. RED MORTARA October l£s, 1843. ly 7 Fall and Winter GOODS. THE Subscriber has received his supply’ of Fall and Winter Goods, comprising in part the following articles—to which lie solicits the attention of purchasers, as his prices are fixed at unusually small rates. Worsted floods: Chusans, Tesans, Crape de Lyons, Mouslin deLaines, Gro de Nap Marinos, Alpaca’s of all colors and qualities, plain and figured Printed Cashmere D’Escasse, anew and beautiful arti cle for Ladies’ Dresses, Aeolians, Parisians, Bombazines, and Merinos. Stiff Goods, Comprising a sp'endid assortment of Fancy, Black and Blue-black, plain and figured, black and white Satins, Velvets, some new styles for Dresses, Gloves and Mitts, Men’s white, black arid colored Kid and Silk Gloves, Ladies’ black Lace, fancy and fillet Gloves and Mitts. A splendid assortment of Velvet, Chine and broche Satin Gros de Naples Bonnet Ribbons. Sltauds. Woolen and worsted winter Shawls, new styles. Thibet 4,5 & 6-4. mode colors. Black Mourning and colored Marino. Mouselin de Lane 4-4 to (1-4, plain & ombroid’d. 10-4 Herman Silk Shawls, new and very fine, .8-4 Damask Silk “ Drapers’ Goods. Fancy Vestings, new style, Cacbemire figured Velvet and black Satin Vestings, Cloths and Cnssimers, black, blue, green, claret, Cadut and drab Cloths, Black, blue and fancy Cassimeres, Cravats, splendid scan Cravats, Italian and Eng lish Silk Cravats. ALSO, A general assortment of English, French and American Calicoes, Satinets, Kentucky Jeans, Linseys, Kersey, Blankets, Brown and Bleached Sheetings and shirtings, some 3 yds. wide, Bed tick, Apron Checks, Ginghams, Linens, Lawns, Cambric, Silk and Satin Handkerchiefs, Hats, Boots, Shoes, Clothing, Saddles, Bridles, Collars, Nails, Hardware, Cutlery, Crockery, Groceries, Paints, Oils, Drugs and Medicines, with the u sual variety kept in a country store. Those who make it an object to get Cheap Bargains, and new and fashionable Goods, would do well to call at W. S. HEARD’S Nov. 2, 1843. Cash Store. I IAVI I AN i>, RISLE k & Cos. Near the Mansion House, Globe and United States Hotels, AUGUSTA, GA., HEALERS IN CHOICE DBUSS Am MEDICINES, Surgical and Dental Instruments, Chemicals, Patent Medicines, Perfumery, Brushes, Paints, Oils, Window Glass, Dye Stulls, &,c. &c. Being connected with I laviland, Kf.ese & Cos., New-York, and Hav gßry iland, Harral & Allen, Charles ton, they are constantly receiving fresh supplies of every’ article in their line, which they are enabled to sell at the lowest market prices. ET All goods sold by them, warranted to be of tiie quality represented, or may be returned. Au: usta, August 1843. 51 EXECUTOR’S SALE. Will be sold on the first Tuesday in January next, at the Court-House door in Elbert, coun ty, between the usual hours of sale, the fol lowing Tracts of Land, belonging to the Es tate of Mrs. Nancy M. Hunt, deceased, viz.: 2SOj Acres lying in said county, adjoining Eppy Bond and others; 459ij Acres in said county, on the waters of the Beaverdam and Doves’Creek, adjoining Betsey Ham, et. al.; 200 Acres on the waters of the Beaverdam Creek, joining lands belonging to the Estate of Thomas S. Carter ; 400 Acres on the waters of tiie Beaverdam, adjoining lands formerly belon ging to the Estate of John Upshaw. Also, 131| Acres on the waters of the Beaverdam Creek, adjoining lands of Smith and others. The terms made known on the day of sale. J. V. HARRIS, Ex’r. October 25,1843. 9 EXECU TOR’S SALE. ‘VI7'ILL be sold on Wednesday the twentieth * * day of December next, at the late resi dence of Argyle Norman, deceased, in Wilkes county, a part of the Perishable-Property, con sisting of Horses, Hogs, Cattle, Sheep, Corn, Fodder, Oats, one yoke of Oxen and Cart, one set of Blacksmith Tools, Plantation Tools, to gether with many articles not mentioned. Terms made known on the day of sale. JOHN L. WYNN, Ex’r. November 9, 1843. 11 ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE. WILL be sold on Tuesday the nineteenth day of December next, at the late resi dence of Rhoda Cleveland, deceased, in Elbert county, all the Perishable Property belonging to the Estate of said deceased, consisting of Horses, Hogs, Cattle, Household & Kitchen Furniture, and other articles not here mentioned, and at the same time and place, the Plantation will be rented and the Negroes hired. Terms made known on the day of sale. JACOB M. CLEVELAND, Adm’r. November 7, 1843. 2t 11 ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE. XX7TLL be sold at the late residence of Thom * * as S. Carter, deceased, in Elbert county, on the first day of December next, all the Per ishable Property of said deceased, consisting of Horses, Cows, Hogs, Corn, Fodder, Household and Kitchen Furniture, Plantation Tools, &e. &c. The sale will continue from day to day until all is sold. Terms made known at the time of sale. EDMUND H. BREWER, Adm’r. October 11,1843. 8 WASHINGTON, (WILKES COUNTY, GA.,) NOVEMBER 16, IHIJS. GOVERNOR’S MESSAGE. [Concluded from our last.] The bond of the Rev. Elijah Sinclair, I former commissioner of the indigent deaf; and dumb, has also been placed in suit, and the professional services of Win Y. Han sell and F. H. Sanford, Esq’rs., have been engaged with the Solicitor-General of the j Oermilgee circuit to prosecute the same.— A verdict has been rendered in bolialfof the StatP from which the defendants have ap pealed. A list of the Banks whose officers have forwarded reports for October, is laid before j you, and the reports themselves are subject j to the order of the Legislature. I have suspended the operation of execu tions issued by the Comptroller-General, a gainst the Monroe Rail road and Banking Company, for taxes for the years 1841 and 1842, on that part of the capital of the Com pany employed in Banking, upon the appli cation of the President of the Company, claiming an exemption, on the ground, that during those years no part of the capital was so employed. The correspondence with Iho President is herewith submitted. For reasons stated in a petition for that purpose herewith communicated, 1 have suspended proceedings against the Tax Col lector ofChaitooga countv. on an execution issued against him and his securities, for the year 1842. The money will be collect ed, unless further indulgence is given by you. In May last, the Comptroller-General is sued an against the Mayor and Council of thewy of Columbus, for the a mount due to the State, on the loan to build the Bridge at that place. The defendants made a payment of thirty-six hundred dol lars, ami submitted a proposition for indul gence on the balance—copies f which.with my reply, are laid before you for your con sideration. Richard YV. Ellis, Esq., in exploring the country, during the past summer, discover ed tl'.at a parcel of land in the twelfth trict, of the county of Early, lias ncPbeoh surveyed, numbered, or drawn for. I lay i before you copies of a correspondence on j the subject, and recommend that lie be em- J ployed to survey ihe same, on such terms i as you may consider, reasonable and just, | and that it be disposed of for publicise. To carry into effect a resolution'of lasi Legislature an agent was appointed to [ collect for binding, book® pnpeft arnLubher ‘ public documents belonging to the Slam, or ! any of ils departments. Those that were j col lectedfyere not such as were deemed to be etnjhced by the object of the resolution, and not bound, if it was the inten tion of lit- I .legislature to have had all j books, documents, &c., belonging to the State, rebound where the binding is much injured, several hundred volumes would have required renovation. But such not being the terms of the resolution, I did not feel at liberty to extend its meaning— While on this subject, I would respectfully suggest that the dampness of tiie basement story ofthe capitol materially injures books and documents, that are deposited there.— I would recommend the construction of a fire-proof edifice for the safe of all the public books and records. Damage from the cause above-mentioned, as well as the danger of Iheir destruction by fire, would justify the measure. The difficul ties and embarrassments in which our citi zens would be involved by the loss of pub lic records are incalculable. I have been unable to have the capitol repaired as directed by the last Liegislature, in consequence of ihe insufficiency of the fund from which the work was to be paid for. By the act of 1838, a standing salary was fixed for the Military Store keepers in Savannah and this place, but the pay of that officer in Milledgeville was reduced by the act of 1840, and again in 1841. No appropriation was made by ilie last Le gislature for him, and as the two acts a bove referred to were confined to the years respectively which followed, he cannot be paid but under the act of 1838. It being questionable whether it was the intention of the Legislature to revive the former act as to this salary, by a failure to make an ap propriation for it, I refer the matter to you for your decision. James Gardner, Jr., Esq., the Attorney General, was directed by the Executive in April last, to repair to the county of Mus cogee and prosecute an indictment against sundry individuals, and amongst them the Solicitor-General of the Chattahoochee Cir cuit, charged with a daring violation of the law. He performed the service required of him with great fidelity, as attested by letters from distinguished gentlemen of Co lumbus, copies of which are submitted to you. As this was an extraordinary ser vice, performed al considerable expense, out of the limits of his Circuit, I recommend that in conformity to uniform usage, ade quate compensation be made him. A vacancy in the office of Judge of the Cherokee Circuit was occasioned in March last, by the sudden death of that efficient and meritorious officer, the Hon George D. Anderson. John A. Jones, Esq., of the county of Paulding, was appointed to fill his place. The Solicitors General of the Western, Chattahoochee and Southern Circuits have resigned their respective offices. In place of the first, John W. Wilson, Esq. ofTalia ferro county, was appointed ; for the Chat tahoochee Circuit, John M. Bethune, Esq. of the county of Muscogee, was appointed ; PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY MORNING j and for the Southern Circuit, William L. j j Morgan, Esq. of the county of Lowndes, j was appointed. j I lay before you the copy of a letter from ! j Brigadier-General Andrew J. Ilansell, re- J j signing ii is command of the Second Brigade | ofthe Seventh Division of the Militia. I The office of Brigadier-General of the First Brigade of the Thirteenth Division of the Militia, has been vacated by the remo. I val of General Brockman W. Henderson, | from the Brigade. Early in the year, I issued orders to the j several officers in command of Military Di | visions, to cause returns to be made to me - ot the effective force of each military dis trict in the State. From the almost total i neglect of militia duties, it was found that this order could not be executed. I invite j , your attention to this subject, with the hope that efficient measures will be adopted to ensure a more perfect organization of the militia. The recent failure of a Court Martial, or dered for the trial of a General of Brigade, i against whom charges were preferred, fur nishes additional evidence ofthe necessity of strong measures, to insu re strict attention J to this necessary branch ofthe public ser- j vices. Officers were detailed as members j, of 11 ic Court, who appeared to be in com- ; mission by the records of this department, but who had resigned manv months ago ; some ot itiose in commission were prevent ed by sickness from attending, and others from causes unknown, but which will be investigated, did not appear. Anew Court has been detailed to sit in tLis place on the fifth Monday in January next. During the year I have received from the General Government standard measures, and also weights of the smaller<sizcs. I have also received, a large number of copies of the Census and statistics ofjhc U nited States, which it is presumed you will order to be distributed for the information of the people. 1 have received the report of the commis sioners for the improvement of the naviga , tion of the Oconee River, showing ao-unex * n"*’iT Jprlahfie* in their I hundred and ten dollars dfhd* | which they say is composed entm-Iy jol the item of interest. ♦’ ’* b | They have returned a jovrnal of iheir F I proceedings, a map, and an aAnmt cur- r ; rent with vouchers, which to i to you, but they'were receiv- | [ed toolatc to be copier l ! for lll3# purpose.-*- j ; They are in this Department subject to ! !*y(lffrlh,s(Jection; - * I !a_f before you the from*j certain citizens ofthe United States, resi- I dent in Paris, directors of the American A theneum in that city, established with the” most liberal objects towards their country men who may sojourn there. They ask for a complete set of our State laws to the pre sent time, anti aifv documents connect ed with our legislation and rc- \ ijuest tiiat you will refuse. Nathan Green,.convicted of murder b’ff ! fore the Superior Court of Lumpkin county!*! and sentenodffto be executed, has-been res- I pited until the 15th day of December next.’ 1 lay before you ippies of the testimony giv. en on his trial, and of petitions for and a gainst his pardon. I would invite your attention to the act for the amendment of the Constitution pass ed by the last General Assembly, for the reduction of ihe number of members ofthe Legislature. It will be perceived, that if the amendment be adopted by you, it will become your duty, to make arrangement of districts and apportionment of members, contemplated by it, during your present session, by an act to be introduced shall have been adopted. There is but one mind among the people in regard to the ne cessity ofthis amendment. They look for ward to its adoption, with a degree of una nimity almost without a precedent in regard to so important a public*neasure. All a gree that the proposed reduction is demand ed by every consideration of patriotism, ex pediency and sound policy. It is a fact, established by our own, as well as the ex perience of sister States, that a Legislative Assembly less numerous than ours, is more favorable to wholesome, accurate and eco nomical legislation. The Legislature of Georgia, after the adoption of the amend ment, will be more numerous, than those of many of the more populous States, and the reduction of members, as now proposed, will not affect the principle of Representa tion as at present regulated, and the great object of diminished numbers and conse quently, diminished expense, will be attain ed. The average expense of legislation may be estimated, in round numbers at one hundred thousand dollars annually. A dopt the amendment and you reduce it one half, and as the sessions of the General As sembly will hereafter he biennial, the cost of an entire session in every period of two years will be saved, and the heavy sum of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, now devoted to the expenses of legislation, may be applied to the important object of redeem ing the State from the thraldom of debt, and in this manner, relieve the people from a portion of the burdens of taxation. Expe dition in business will be one of the conse quences of diminished numbers, and I would respectfully ask if all the legislation de manded by the necessities of the State, might not be accomplished between the 4th Monday in November and the usual period of the adjournment of the Legislature ? If so, it would be well to fix that as the day for the meeting of the General Assembly in future. The inability of institutions of learning, ! which depend on the meagre means to be j derived from the private liberality for their endowment, to atlbrd thorough scientific ed | ueation, manifests both the wisdom of that | provision in the Constitution, which imposes on you the obligation to provide for the pro motion of the arts and sciences, and the ne cessity that that patriotic duty should be faithfully executed. I commend to your liberal patronage, the institution which is peculiarly the State’s, and that it be placed in a condition to enable every Georgian to find at home, all the* facilities for mental culture, that are to be had in sister States ofthe Union. For my views in regard to a system of education for the poor, I refer you to the full communication on that subject placed j before the last Legislature. Reflection has confirmed the opinions then expressed.— One hundred young men, annually dis charged with a good education, and who would generally engage in the business of school keeping, would produce an impres sion on society, that would sqon be seen in the inoral and intellectual improvement of the people. Such men, adding experimen ■ tal and practical knowledge to that ae- I quired from books, would become valuable .'Accessions to our State and National Coun ; Cil.S. Our penal laws require amendment in several important partieulars. It is held, under existing laws, that upon the indict ment of a bank officer for the embezzle ment of bank or other notes confided to his j charge, the notes embezzled must be des cribed in the bill of indictment and proven j on the trial, by their amounts, number, &c. ! Their genuineness must also be establish- j ed. This strictness has been held neces- j sary to protect the accused from a second | prosecution for the same offence, while the ) impossibility of a conviction under it, leaves j society open to the rapacious attacks of the ! faithless and wicked. The bank officer j I who, having the custody of its notes, ap- j plies tttem to his own use. is the only per- j son, perhaps, who them and j furnish the means of his conviction. If he I purloins and passes them off, it becomes im- j ‘possible to distinguish _fhem from notes j properly paid out by him in ’ft’ ordinary course ofbusiness. nnd.no matter how put rage or atroeiqus lift delinquency, f }s£e escapes unpunished.** This \ which extends to thefts of bank notas com- ! | flitted by any individual,-should be reme- 1 i died. The lineness fcf the stolen or I jcm f)e9,zl shou Id in, o*l C£S£S be pre- j I sumed. ** s *j . abuse oNrusftv bv execii- i j guarmans and other j fidirwaries, by the waste, or m%ipplication j -of funds and property confined to their) management, is an evil which requires cor- j rection. The security required by law, j under the ever fluctuating cyjputfestances of men, has proven an inadequate protec-! | tion, in many.cMps, to .that cl a# of depen- ; Ticnt persons whom the in- j capable of acting for themselves. To 1 jifuard such persons £rom wrong, tye pow erful arm ofthe law,'should be extended.— , fidelity shoaid be enforced by penal en actments, and ibis additional shieif! thrown ffie interest jnd qjhers in helpless condition., Aojew species of ‘fraud has*sfoently grownup in the lease or purchases of lands from irresponsible persons, known to'have no a defective title, merely for the purpose oLobiaining* possession and Com mitting trespasses. There are of injury to real estate, for which ordinary civil remedies, instead of affording redress, only aggravate the wrong by the accumu lation of costs. These evils ought to be suppressed by suitable legislation. The law to prevent the use of deadly weapons has exerted a happy influence on society, yet it has not been so efficacious in the prevention oforime as was expected, j The fault is not so much in the law*.as the difficulty of its enforcement. Those who carry such weapons, whether concealed or openly, do it for the purpose either of com mitting unprovoked violence, or of being ready to resent, unto death, slight or personal insults. If the'evil is to be e radicated you must strike at the root. If the use of such weapons was made conclu sive evidence of malice on the part of the accused, on all trials for murder and as saults with the intent to murder, the hap piest consequences might be expected to re sult to social order. Our law, for the purpose of providing an impartial tribunal for the trial of criminals, has established a rule by which to test the qualification of jurors, which, in its prac tical operation, is likely to subvert the fun damental rights of society. The object of the law, to exclude from the seat of his judges all persons who entertain personal prepossessions for or against an accused, or who have prejudged his case is, unques tionably, just and proper ; but for the ac complishment ofthis object, a rule is laid down which is unreasonable, and wrong and ruinous in its tendency. It ought lo be altered. On all trials for crimes when the punishment is death or imprisonment in the Penitentiary, jurors are required to an swer on oath if they have “formed and ex pressed an opinion in regard to the guilt or innocence of the prisoner.’’ The interpre tation ofthis rule excludes men from ser ving on juries, who are honest, capable and conscientious. The ever active human mind will draw conclusions from facts sta ted, and often the expression of opinion by the individual, does not extend beyond the j declaration ofthe law, “that he who com- j mits murder shall die.” and yet he is de- > JI. J. K APPEL, Er inter. flared incompetent. The rule should be changed. It is unknown in the country whose common law we have principally a doptod as our own. In several ofthe States it is not allowed. It screens the guilty and perverts justice. It reflects upon the in tegrity of the free citizens of the State, and ministers to the contrivances of the artful and cunning. It renders difficult, and, at times impossible, the trial of persons char ged with the commission of crimes under circumstances of great atrocity. In chan ging the rule, however, the cardinal object of impartial justice ought not to beoverlook ed. Individuals entertaining feelings of personal hostility, or w hose minds are im bued with prejudice, are incapable of. a warding a righteous judgement, and ought not to be forced upon the accused. But the expression of opinions formed upon vague rumoui*, easily controlled by evidence, ought not to disqualify jurors who are free from personal bias. While on this subject, 1 would repeat a recommendation heretofore made, that all persons, whether o*the Grand or Petit Ju ry list, he required to serve on juries for the trial of offences of the higher grade, wheth er committed by white persons, free per sons of color or slaves. There is no suffi cient reason, why this laborious duty should be imposed exclusively on those citizens who arc selected for Petit Jurors. As an additional improvement in the administra tion of criminal justice, I would also advise, |.that ths Court he required, in all cases j where talesmen are necessary, to draw them from the Jury box. The attainment of justice, is the princi -1 pa! object of Government. If nations in their intercourse with each other, were to j observe strict justice, there would be no ! necessity for the law of nations. If indi- I viduals were.to regard the same rule, we ’ might dispense with our civil and criminal j code. There would be no need of courts. 1 But such is not the ease. In our imperfect [ state we are compelled to have both laws j and administrators of them. The laws are 1 necessarily the subjects of construction, and j tLo constructions have the authority an® : force of law. It is essential to the seeuri- Itvofth citizen, therefore, that these 1 cor- Ufmictioffs be as certain and stable pas the law. They should l*c uniform. If ; tjgf have not these attributes there can be : itcnher stability nor uniformity in the law I itself, The administrators of the laws are ! neither perfect nor They arc 1 liable to err. A community therefore, j wJMUias eleven judicial heads, has ele- I ven™stoms af-Wtw , a e(None of the m per j feet. Each judge is supreme in his own j district, construing as he tjeases, allowing | nocontrolltng influence to any opinions but : his own, and often overling them. Such Ia system with evilsso intolerable, ■ that it is a matter of wonder that an cnligh ! tened people should sqlnnit to it for a sin j gle day. Yet such is the judiciary of Geor- I gia. constitution provides for its a , melioration, in terms of as imperative obli gation as any part ofthat instrument, which has been carried into effect by legislation. Yet nothing has been done. I call you at tention to the subject, and recommend the establishment of a Supreme Court for the correction of errors, which, in its organiza tion, shall ensure speedy and uniform jus tice to the citizen with the least possible expense in its attainment. The very limited demand for the reports j of cases determined by our courts, publish ed by order of Legislature, is evidence that the benefit*.expected from them have not been realiaed. tfhey are not consid ered authority oyt of circuit in which they were respectively pronounced. One volume has been printed, and another is in processed’ publication. I would recom mend tne repiAl of (lie law which enjoins this useless I lay befor*ou copies of resolutions a dopttyl by th<®Legis!aturesofseveral ofthe Stare&on selects of general interest. A mong them rs one passed by the Legisla ture of Massachusetts, proposing an amend ment ofthe Cbnstitution of the United States, affi provision which was adopted in a spim'of compromise and fraternal con cord, arH) \*as supported by a majority of the delegates from that ancient and respec table commonwealth. It is a matter of re gret that sh* should be the first to attempt to disturb harmony of the Union by such a movement. It.will meet from you that calm consideration, which is due to every proposition to alter the Federal Con stitution, aad with thatßignified resistance which is fStoinded by tne repose of the na tion. andihe irlHerest of your constituents. The principle* of representation which it seeks to^hangt l , is one which must not be abandoitra. Y * It is gratifying to-find among the resolu tions corrunuTiicated, the <*p ression of so many Slams favorable to the enactment of a law by refund to Genera! Jacksojlfa fino*impJfeed OT*liim fortlie per- duty, w®en in the . military seWibe offthe country. This tri bute to justice will be a pleasing evidence to the'injurfll patriot of the estimate placed upon Jjps by his own times, and will St it ifftlie power of history to save the natiolUroW'tlie mack record of ingratitude. I inTite3ie attention of the Legislature to the patWotic resolutions of the State of Alabamafbn the subject of the assumption of State litis by., the General Government; and I Concurrence in the senti ments ttjfcjein expressed. The Federal and StadWiovernpients are distinct. Each j sovreignTtvithin its sphere, to tiie extent of I ft? powers Each has [VOLUME XXIX.
