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So hsthOileus those btippyclims*, . .
Wh^ it UN s-iw* no! **hw Atsittd*
mind; t\
HVi eC jovsiu’er tide; nor the soul’* poww de
cay;
Bnt yoath and spring, eternal bloom.
A
JIJSCEUi-iNEOUS.
Herkimer Convention.-*The Jackson
Cop.t'unoB met at Herkimer last Week
fbr the purpose of nominating candidates
for Governor and Lieutenant Governor,
and a list of presidential Electors.
judge Wo. L. Marcy of Albany, was
nominated for Governor, and Hon, John
Tracy of Chenango, for Lu Governor
The Convention, we understand fM
One of 'be most respectable todies Of the
kind ever assembled in this or any other
State, comprising a large number of indi
viduals distinguished for talents and worth.
The utmost harmony and confidence pre
vailed. In nominating Mr. Marcy for
Governor, they have presented a man
worthy, by his solidity ol judgement, his
•integrity ef chaitcter and his experience
of public affairs, to be entrusted with the
chief magistracy of this great and flourish-
sag State. In the nomination oi Tracy
as Lieutenant Governor, they have equal
ly contributed in the qualifications he jios-
•esses, to the interest of the public. The
electoral Ticket is composed of gentle
men whose personal respectability and
well known political character will com
mend the confidence of our friends,
N. Y. Post,
HttE INDIAN QUESTION.
Batten (tom th* AUditssdftke Herkimer Craven-
Itoe to Ike Citterns if New York.
Of these, Ins management of Indian Af
fairs is recommended to your spocial no
tice, as well by tiro extreme importance of
■the subject, as by the success which has
distinguished the prosecution of it. This
matter having been unhappily connected
•with party politics, bits shared the fine
of all political questions,—it has been
made the subject of all sorts of roisrep
rosentatiou, and has bean subjected to i
treatment in which the real interests con
corned' have been sacrificed to political ef
fect. To these ends much -has been Writ'
ten and more said; and yet the merits of
the subject may be presented in very few
warns.
From tho administration of Ged,
Washington to the present day, the policy
of the federal government towards the
Indian tribes in -ny degree subject to -its
care, lias been one of active and unquali
fied benevolence. Nothing within the
scope of its power that would conduce to
their welfare, and in some degree atone'
lor the injustice which our ancestors,
treadiog in the footstops of civilised man
in every other country, had done to their
race, has been omitted. Whatever those
who envy and traduce us abroad, or fana
tics and partisan declaimors at home,
mav say to the contrary, it is but justice
to affiun, that every admiiiistiaiiou of the
general government has, in this resnect at
at least, I'ottd Without reproacn. But it
. is equally true, that the success of thoir
exertions Ins not been equal to their wish
es, and that the condition of the Indians
fins been every day growing worse. The
futility of all attempts to raise them to a
State hf civilisation, having been rendered
Obvious to all rational men; their unfitness
to become he subjects of civil goverotnent,
being equally evident; and their progress
ive deg-neracy end destruction, arising
from their proximity to tbe white man,
being fallv established by experience; the
suggestions ot policy, as well as the.dic-
lstes of humanity, pointed to the adoption
of some more speedy and effectual reme
dy to arrest their increasing misery, and
to proven) thoir early and rapid extinction.
The one sealed upon, after the fullest con
sideration, wet their temoval beyond the
Mississippi, at the expense of tbe Govern
ment; where, effectually guaranteed against
the approach of that civilian! ion bom which
an overruling and all-wise Pi evidence bad
•acluded them, they might enjoy in peace
the fruits of ihmr improvement here, and
(he more ample tetritory and advantages
provided for them there; and where also
the labors of philanthropy might be em
ployed among them, under the most fa
vorable circumstances, and with the best
hopes ef 'success ol which their character
admits. la the Wisdom apd humanity of
this qaeaaure.'WitiNt.was likely to become
successful in the bands of Andrew Jackson,
nil men uod ell parties concurred. It re
ceived a large share of attention from Mr.
MsmssIi ad-mi——tioe, (ftkisli <W in
cipient steps were taken; aodfuod* rtlut of
Mr. Adutas, the measure was pressed with
great assiduity. A report upon the sub
ject, earnestly recommending it, was made
by Gen. P. B. Porter, then Secretary of
War, nud a cit»**u of this state, posses -
wing consider Ale ■experience in Indian
affairs. The opinions of Mr. Adams and
hit Cabinet in favor of the policy, were
fbllv avowed, ami every exertion made by
that able but impracticable statesman 10
carry it mto effect but without success.—
The relations of the Genet d Government
with Georgia, were deeply and danger-
wuslv disturbed; but the- Indians remained
, ns they iysre,s distinct and savage people,
in ihe midst of surrounding civilisation,
the sources of perpetual local collision,
and themselves exposed to the waiting
oflhets of the habits and consequences
incident to their situation.
General Jackson -took the subject up
where the late administration had lefi it,
■nd aimed only to carry im o effect the
plans of hispiedecessors, and by the same
•leans, via: pacific, equitable, and volun
tary >greiunenu with 'he Indians tham-
Stdves. A* usual, his efforts have been
crowned wMt greet success. Intimately
conversant with the Indian* character,
•nd with Indian affairs, he found no diA-
cultv in making those natives who were
pot sutyeet to improper influence, under
stand, nod porsue their true interests.—-
The greater pari of the Indians btve sig
nified their iMtsent to end adopted the de
sired arruflgements. The terms of the
compact which they have entered into
with the government, in regard to the
compensation for tReir improvements, tbe
rnanuer and expenses of their removal,
the provision made lor their accommodn-
•jon beyond the Mississippi, and the
amooot of the annuities to be paid to
them, have been approved by the Sena'e;
and if any objection was made to them, it
was that they were too liberal on the part
of the government. Not even an insinu
ation of imposition, coercion, or any un
fairness in its dealings with them, has ever
been made. So far as the measure has
been carried into effect, the Welfare of the
Indian hal been,promptnd to the extent
hoped for .or expected bj the preceding
administrations, and by the same means
contemplated and in part 'unsuccessfully
employed by them.—And yet a clamour
of unprecedented violence, hasbefcn raised
against the president for the performance
of this simple but important duty. A cla
mour which in addition to its partisao
support, has, we regret to say, received
no small degree ofVtimulous from tho pul
pit, and certainly no discouragement from
the bench. It is beyoud all doubt owing
(u the countenance that it has thus re
ceived, and that which has been anticipa
ted, that the resistance of the Indians who
still refuse to remove, is to be attributed
Hud not such alt influence been exerted,
the whole subject would long since been
disposed of amicably and to tho advantage
of all.
We allude to these considerations with
reluctance, and os matters which cannot
be too much deprecated. The pulpit and
tbe bench are institutions which, wheu
confined to thoir legitimate objects confer
on man the highest blessings; but when
tl;,ey are perverted to siuister and party
purposes, there are no sources of opiuion
upon which it is more dangerous to rely.
They must be so Confined with us, or our
liberties cannot be preserved. There is
a paramount obligation resting on every
good Citizen to do his duty in.(his respect.
What, we ask, has the President dbnc to
justify those virulent anathemas which
have, with each inhuman violence, been
hurled at bis venerable head—which in
some instances, have hlusphemously as
cribed to his alledged misconduct, in this
respect, tbe prevalence among us of tbut
dreadful sconrge, which after ravaging the
Eastern world, has at lengt" visited our
continent t As if it would consist with
the perfections of a just God to. avenge
the political errors of a public servant by
judgement upon his opponents as well as
his supporters, aud particularly to avenge
the errors of the ruler of this land by de
stroying every whore and in all climes the
unhappy children of want and intemper
ance. Gen. Jackson has done and is do
ing for the Indians what all agree will
promote their permanent advantage. He
has not attempted, nor suffered others to
attempt, to exercise the slightest degree of
force to effect their removal. He has
made an agreement with most of them
which is conceded to be a generous nne.
He has given them rhe most solem assu
rances dial if they choose to remain
where they aro, they may do so, and that
in such case they will receive all tho
friendly aid which the general govorumeut
cun rightly extend to them.
Bui he has done more. Acting upon
thn principle ef his whole life, he lias not
only told them the truth, but the whole
truth. He ha* said to them that if they
decide to remain, they must be subject to
the laws of the state in which they live;
That those law* Will afford them full pro
lection against every species of wroqg,
whetherproreeding from the white man or
their own hi el bran; but that crilno or injury
on their putt must be amenable to the tribu
nals (hat dispense justice and judgement
in the white man. He has held to the
principle, avowed and acted . upon by
Thomas Jefforsoo, that each of the great
departments of the government, executive,
legislative and judicial, is not only free
but bound to act, in the performance of
its appropriate duties, upon its own views
of the Constitutiona doctrine, the a-
bandonraeiit of which must inevitably lead
to the sobvertion of the republican priuci -
sinister purposes, still bold out: ioJ It
remains to he seen whether it be ijit yea
possible to embroil (he relations between
the federal and stste governments though
their agency, and thereby ulnnately
plunge these deluded people into liisery
extreme and in-emnaable. If the* ob
jects be not effected, it surely will nit be
from want ot exertion. Judge then fel
low citizens, between the reatonabhness
of these conflicting opinions: and if yon
take your side with that’which has fir its
object the establishment of a numter of
savage mogarchies iu tbe bosom of ibis
republic—independent sovereignties with
in the respective stair jurisdictions.!—say
so. Say that Gon. Jackson, he uflo can
have no motive beyond the great ynds of
justice aod patriotism, and. whose am>.and'
whose word, In the hour of peril, wbethti
iii the altoi cations of clashing jurisdictions
or tho sterner conflicts of armed hosts,
has been the reliance ot the savage as well
as tlio white man, has imbibed erro
neous expositions of the constitution:
But act like inen, and say not, as you val
ue the truth, (is you regard the obligations
of honor, as you respect your own char -
acters or tbe characters oi other*,—say
not that he has done any thing towards the
Indians, which has not been admitted on
all sides to be for their good—or that he
has attempted any thing that would not.
if accomplished, advance thoir present and
contribute to thmr future welfare.
MR. BARBOUR'S LETTER.
FrcscaU, Sept.$lk,l832.
Griutlemen.—1 have received your
letter of the 25t!t ult. enclosing certain
resolutions adopted at a political meeting,
hold on thin day at Shocco Springs, Warren
County, Norm Carolina.
In conformity to one of these resolu
lions, you ask me 10 state my sentiments
in relation to ihe Protective System, In
ternal Improvement the Bank of the U-
nited States and Mollification,
Whilst 1 should be altogether unwilling
to obtrude my opinions in legard to poli
tical questions upon the public, I am e
qu.dly loth to withhold them, when thus
publicly and explicitly called upon ;lo ex
Uless ihom. I therefore withouLbesitne
cy proceed to auswer the inquiries: I Un
deisuud the committee, to pek Wlja(, t my
opinions are, not by what process.of tea-c
soiling 1 have been lead to adopt'them.
First then, as to the protective System
by which 1 mean the (dying of imposts,
not in raise revenue for the sake of rev
enue, but to support domestic manufac
tures against foreign competition. 1 am
decidedly, and .utterly opposed to the
wholo system, upon tlm various grounds
of its being in violation of the spirit of tho
Constitution, and being unjust, unequal, and
oppressive in its operation. 1 enclose
two speeches delivered by me on this sub
ject, m die House of Representatives, the
first nr 1820, and the other in 1824, in
which you will see my v<ews at lengtn, on
all inese grounds.
Next in order is the subject of Internal
Improvement. 1 consider that whole sys
tem, when attempted to be executed by
Congress, whether in the lorro of ton-
struct ion or approp. iation by way of sub
scription, to what is to be constructed by
others, us unconstitutional, as highly, ini-'
expedient and as calculated toendeteririne
the independence of the Stipes, and tho
virtue of i ho people in a struggle for ho
spoils of the Treasury, My views at
large upon this subject will be exhibited in
twu speeches now enclosed delivered by
mb in tho House of Representatives, ihe
one in 1818 and the other in 1830.
The Bank of the United States, is txe
next subject. Besides tlm objections to
iliis upon the score of expediency, panic-
ulurly the mighty power arts lift from tht
concentration in an organised form ol
couuilnss millions of dollars, I consider
this as beifig altogether beyond the coil
stitmionHl competency of Congress.
The latitude of construction, which
Would bring this within tbe pale of the
Constitution, would in iny estimation, ut
terly destroy-all those restrictions and re
serviitidns which make lito Federal Gov
ernment a limited one. And I feel that
I do not state the case, too s'ronglv when
I say that h resolves itself into u question
pile. And that consequently, the States
must decide for themselves. This ii ihe
right, but what is the remedy! my opin
ion is,*that the only rightful emedy is
that of Secession, The argument which
attempts to etamtaio, the -right of one
State to nullity, thin suspend the opera
tion of a taw passed according to the
forpis of tho Constitution, Until three
fourths of tbe States, act under a clause
providing for amendments, seems to me,
to be based upon this error. That in uv-
orv case of a contested power, the -ques
tion is, what does the constitution grant as
«t now it; whereat under an amendment
proposed, the question always is, not What
the constitution,now is, but what it shall
hereafter be. I have said that I hold the
right of ihe States to secede. But this
right I consider at the last resort. 1 would
sav in relation to it, as I heretofore have
said, that.as in cases of physical malady
arsenic is never administered, bnt when
the patient is otherwise utterly despaired
of, so in those of a political character, this
remedy should be applied only in cases of
hopeless extremity.
1 cannot couclude this letter without
offering a fervent prayer, to him who
rules the destinies of nations, that he would
save ouj; beloved couotry from this sad
catastrophe. For come when it may, no
tongue can adequately tell the evils, which
lie hid iu the mysterious future.
With sentiments of es eem:
P. P. BARBOUR
Messrs. Jmkvh II. Bryak. Joauu T. Grasber-
rv, Miroca* Hunt, Committee ef a political
meeting at SKoeco Springs, AT. C.
Wlien the boats came iu view of that
part of the Arkansas Territory ly ing along’
the Mississippi river, where the first
— emigrants settled many years
ago, MBhe mouth of the river St Fran-
trying urnes to be tru|^^ja|^|i r^J^i^pqP^emarkably uninviting to a
Even in Connecticut, Mir. (Jranqcr's
mission to get up a coalition failed. The
Anti-masons there bad the sagacity to dis
cover the du under the Lion's Skin.
Little Delaware, which, never fails in
ported to stand firm
Island is doubtful.
Such is the aspect which the .recent
elections has pot on Mr. Clay’s prospects,
What mighty cause 'for triumph.
from the Savannah Georgian, Oct. 4.
Land and Gold Lotteries.—Wo have
mentioned that the Lotteries are to com
moncc on the 22d inst. The following
as we learn from Miliedgeville, are the
number of draws placed in the wheels,
and the prize* to be awarded to thorn, viz
In the Land Lottery in which tbe prizes
are square lots of 160 acres each :
Names given in, 85,000
Prizes, 18.309
or about four nnd a half blanks to a puze
Iii the Gold Lottery in which the pri
zes are square lots of forty acres each :
Nantes given in, 133,000
Prizes, 35 000
,yr nearly four blanks to a prize.
The commissioners hove been industri
ous to'prepare’. such a mass of tickets (which
are not printed) together »ith the n'umer
ical books necessary in so short a oeriod
The wheels .containing the names are
great circumforence, and so weighty with
the tickets thftt a strong man can bnrdlv
turn them. They were manufactured
the penitentiary, and these important aids
towards a speedy distribution of the Cher
okee territory, were constructed with the
united help of two persons whose stub
bora zeal in asserting its independence
has thus made them remote egen's in
dismemberment—we meau the Missiona
Great accuracy being requisite
Southern Convention.—The Richmond
Enquirer, that unerring index of public
sentiment in \ irginia, in commenting on
the “Occasional Reviews" of Mr. Cheves,
speaks thus of a Southern Convention—
"We hazard very little in saying that
she (Virginia) will extend all her hospi
talities to the Convention which may as
semble in her Capital—and that she will
consider (lie selection an honor to her
As to her participating iu the Convention
we have not yet had such an opportunity
of communing with our countrymen, as-lo
enable us to understand the wishes of Vir
ginia—but we do not hesitate to express
our own opinions, that she will be cheer-
fhlly disposed to shale in the deliberations
f onvention of all ihe aggrieved
States (we would of course, include
Maine,'New Hampshire, and of all others
who are opposed to the Tariff as a per
manent system and the settled policy of
tho country.) The great body oi onr
citizen* have most probably not consider
ed this subject maturely, not made up
their minds upop it, We cannot therefore
presume to speak for them, but we may
speak for ourselves—soouer than have
this odious Tariff fastened around our
necks, as a settled policy, we would re
sort to overy amicable and efficient ex
pedient for its gradual abolition. We
would confer with othcrStates upon what is
best to be done. We would act with
“ mfld counsels,”—and with a “ moral ar-
of all the aggrieved States.
betwen h supposed convenience to the
in the administration of ihefinances, and the
pie of our government, by the establish- ( character of the circulating medium, sod
meat of a political oligarchy in the persons i the creation of ii power by tho govern
of judges of the Supreme Court. And
this intermediate body, irresponsible to
the people, or responsible only to the
power of impeachment, which Mr. Jef
ter son sc. justly described es « mere scare
crow; would give lows and legislation to
the states. Acting by this fundamental
aud vital principle, he has repudiated, the
preposterous nnd impracticable doctriue
which would, if applied to our own state,
hold that the Seneca tribe of Indians con
stitutes an independent soveieign power,
possessing, among ether attributes of
snvereignry, the exclusive tight of legisla
ting for its members in all cases whatsoev
er; to which also tbe Indians .are alone
responsible for all crimes committed with
in its jurisdiction; and to whoso authority
all others under Tike circumstances, most
bow with submission. The declarations
of the Pietident to the ludionsafe certain
ly at war with this doctrine. With limit
ed exceptions, however, they have be
lieved in them, and have acted according
ly. Knowing that in all hit intercourse
with them he had held only the language
of direct and simple truth, «nd that he had
ever been, when dotv to his country did
not forbid it, their best friend, the uitcor-
rupted nnd untutored portion of the tribes
readily givebitn their confidence. Those
who had been induced to become politi
cians, to est'blisb presses, to discuss not
ouly (heir own politics but those of the
slates of the union, and to do so at the
mitigation of designing fertUana usd tor
tnent, which may sooner or later, b.ecotne
stronger then tbe government itself. The
Journals of Congress will shew, that when
the present Bank was chartered iu 18.16,
I voted against it.
The last subject embraced in the reso
lution is that of Nullification.
I understand this term as meant to im
port the right of tho several States, by in
terposing their sovereign pswer, to de
clare void, within their respedivo borders,
any law which they may think unconstitn
tioaal.
Thus understanding it, I am opposed
to it; I will endeavor briefly to state mv
doctrine upon the subject. Is geueral
when a question* arises, whether an act of
Congress is constitutional or not, ii belongs
to the Judicial denartment to decide it,
because in general the question arises la.a
case, either inlaw, ur-equiiv; thus.i( in a
controversy between parties, which had
taken s shape for judicial decision.
But-wheu the question is one ofpolitical
power, that is betweon the Federal Gov
ernment and the States, whether the for
mer ha* invaded the reserved rights of the
latter, I hold that questions of this kind
do not belong to Judicial cognizance.
That the people ef (ho States are parties
to the Fodetal compact, in their charec-
arter of States. That the constitution
lias not conferred upon the Judicial de
partment, anv political power whatever-
Tha< therefore in relation to questions of
Ibis character there h no common 0ti
the registry, tic. it will hardly be possible
to draw more than 250 or 300 names per
day; so that with ihe latter number it w "
occupy seven months before the prizes are
exhausted and the lottery finished. It
proposed to draw a day alternately from
thn wheels of each.
There are certainly a few valuable lots
in this territory in the gold lottery, and
doubt many in the laud lottery, all of which
are of course well known to persons who
mean to speculate, nnd who will be ready
during the drawing to snatch them
whenever the owners will sell. Fortunate
drawer* will do well therefore to pause
until they are assured of getting something
near the value of their prizes. The most
valuable lot (and report makes it invalu
able) is said to be No. 1002, 12th district
1st section.”
Small Comfort.—The coalition most
have been iu great distress for a little com
fort, otherwise they would not bn so im
moderately elated at getting a few voles
more this year than they did at the last
charter election in this city. They know
full well that considerations not at all con
nected with politics, influenced the vote*
of many of our citizens. After all, wha
mighty causes have ihe piebald coalition
fur riumplt? Lei us.look ut (hem.
Maine, which at the last presidential
election gave a majority of four thousand
for the Adams and Clay electors, has just
elected a Jackson Governor, by a major!
ty of four thousand, over a Clay candidate
and will, surely ns the pells are open,
that State, choose Ten Jackson Electors,
New Hampshire, whichgave three thou
sand three hundred majority for the Ad
ams and Clay electors, has given this year
ten thousand majority fora Jackson Gov
ernor, and no one is so fool-hardy as
question the choice of seven Jackson Elec
tors hv an equally large majority.
• Indiana, which has heretofore had
Govei nor and Legislature in favor ef Mr,
Clay, has now a Governor and a majority
of both branches of the Legislature in
vor of Gen. Jacksoiu-
Missouri, which was to be influenced
(we use a mild term) by the Bank to be
Clay, ha* resisted the assault that was made
on her character, and sustains her-fidelity
unditninished, to the Hero and Patriot who
now oremties the Presidential chair.
Kentucky, which, just previous to tbe
Iasi Presidential election, choose a Clay
Governor, has recently elected a fast
friend of the President, and thoreby more
than indicated that her electors will be in
favor ef Jackson.
Illinois, has proved, by her late elec
tion, '.hat she maintains her attachment and
will give her support to the present ad
ministration.
Mississippi, has recently given renewed
and derisive evidence of her abhorrence
of Clay ism, and her unwavering attach
ment to the man who has shed hi* blood
ip defence ff her >ojJ^
..d presents the appearance
of a low TSTarsny level, I must admit I was
fearfully apprehensive I had promised to
my company a better home than they
would over realise. These fears contin
ued though' gradually diminishing its we
advaoced up the rapid but winding current
of the Arkansas river, until we had passed
above that country where the Cherokee*
were located previous to the treaty of
1828, wKen hills and widely extended
valleys began te open to our view; and in-,
stead ef a dull and monotonous scenory,
all that isTpmantic, all that is delightful to
the eye of the former or the hunter, was
there to be witnessed. Here too, the feel
ings of the Cherokees seemed to vary a*
much as the face of the country—from a
sullen dissatisfaction accompanied some
times by low murmurs, and again by loud
complaints, to a general expression of ad
miration and joy. “ Here is my countryf
Who would not exchange lands in Geor
gia for such a home as this!" were their
exclamations.
From the Southern Recorder.
THE CHEROKEE EMIGRANTS.
We have been politely favored with the
following interesting letter foi publication,
by the gentleman to wlmm it is addressed.
VVe commend it to the perusal of our rea
dors, as giving uU authentic and highly
gratifying description of the country west
of the Mississippi, assigned by Govern
ment to the emigrating Cherokees, which
lias been hitheno so much misrepresented.
Northern philanthropy, we hope, will take
iesson from this letter. The "hard
hearted Georgians,” are sending off 'he
poor Indians,” fiom a country where
ihore is no game, and where the poor
miserable natives, in all the inanity of
half civilized life are lying upon their tat
tering blankets at night, ami begging foi
mere sustenance in the day. We are semi
ing them to a country plentiful in game,
where the very clothing or their prey will
make bount iful clothing for themselves; and
where the native energy of the aboriginal
will have full scope to operate, unadul
terated by tbe miserable pollutions of the
degraded white man. We would beg our
Northern brethren in the great cause of
philauthropy,to cast aside their prejudices,
and let us work together in the good cause.
Prejudice, like fate among Ihe anciems,
should have no tributaries. Among the
thousands of consecrated altar*, fate alone
bad no worshippers; amid their many thou
sand altars, uo -incense asccudt d at her
shrine, and at her altar no sacrifice was
offered. We would call upnnbur North
ern brethren, if still we may call them such
—instead of exasperating the pom Indian
with imaginary idpas of independence,
whjch must only result iu showing emphat
ically their dependence, to join with us
in putting the original owner of the soil
upon a land where he mey exert all his
native energies, and exercise all his prim
itive power*.
Hightower, Cherokee Co. Sept. 10,1832.
Dear Sir—As the enrolling business is
suspended for the preseut, aud I am detain
ed here, awaiting the session of Hall Cir
cuit Court, to attend to the interests of
some orphan Cherokees, tho interval af
fords me an opportunity, for the first time
since my return, to redeem a pledge, that
I would give you it history of my expedi
tion with the Cherokeo emigrants.
I left the Agency on the Highwassee
river, in flat bottom boats, on the ttith
April. On the I7ih, after contending a
gainst adverse winds, we arrived at Lamb’s
ferry, having passed the Boiliug Pot aud
and Tumbling Shoals, witliou' even es
citing alarm with the emigrants. Lamb’s
ferry is just above the Elk River Shoals,
which are succeeded by the Muscle Shoals
Here wo lay to for two days awaiting a
calm, when, under the guidance of skilful
pilots, we again put out and passed over
these shallows and (alls so rapidly, aud so
free from harm, that the emigrants pould
scarcely believe they had yetjpassod points
which in story, had been depicted in the
most terrific characters, until the pilots
were paid off and had actually turned back.
On the 22d, having met the steam boat
at Waterloo, below Florence, near the
foot of ColborPs Shoals, .we exchanged
our slow and tedious, mode ef passing
the waters, for one much more expeditious,
and eleven days and a halt afterw wds,
withoat a death or any serious indisposi
tion, arrived within tbe limita-of the Cher
okee couutry West, where 1 remained
seventeen dav*. During this time I pass
ed thro' the Cherokee country, and as
highnp as the Creek Agency. Time
would net admit ef my taking as general
an observation as I wished; bnt where it
was eat ef my power to go and see par
ticular sections, I obtained the most cor
reel information that was to be had in
regard to the advantages er disadvantages
of that region of country assigned by the
treaty of 1828, to such of‘ihe Cherokees
«> mgy chouse to go westwardly.
Oh our arrival in the night, at the mouth
of the rivet Illinois, near tbe residence of
the Agent, as well as the principal Chief,
John Jolly, the latter having been aroused
from his bed by the noise made in letting
off steam, came on board to welcome the
emigrants to their new home, which was
done in a most kind and parental manner. .
He speaks ouly id his vernacular tongue,
but having an interpreter present, I Was
informed, in addressing some of them, ho
said: “ My brethren, I dm happy to see
you nt your new home. 1 once lived east
of the Mississippi, but I saw the storm
coming with rages through your ancient
hunting grounds, and (eft it. Hero wo
find <i sale retreat from the operation of
State and Territorial laws. No European
King has rendered our title doubtful, by
granting-this soil to his colonies. We.
hold our grant under the unembarrassed
pledges of our great father, tile President
of the United States. He keeps u milita
ry- force toO, between us and tbe wilder
savages, to protect us in tho enjoyment of
our lands, our hunting grounds, our range,
and in the exercise of our ow'n laws and
government. This he will continue to do
while we keep peace and cherish kind
feelings to our white brethren. It would
give me much happiness to see all our
Eastern brethrcn'here. ’ The laws of the'
whites don’t -suit them—their garfte is dons
—their rango has failed, I think I see
starvation and misery nt their doors.—
This land belongs to them as well as us.
It is the joint property of all Cherokees^
let them be where they may. It is their
rightful home, Where, by recruiting, we
can again ho a great apd powerful nation.
These-things l wrote to your principal
Chiefs, Ross and Lowry, early last winter 1 ,
1 hopu they may listen to my invitation
and again be happy.” The old gentleman
then lit his pipe, and only spoke when ad
dressed bv others.
Within the limits of tlieiiorihern Wing
of the Cherokee country, Lee’s creek t
Salisaw river, Illinois ■ river, Grand river
and Verdigris, have their confluence with
the Arkansas—the three latter nuvigabje
for steam boats, and the two former for
small craft. These streams mostly liauo
• heir rise within tho Cherokee Territory.
In thin section of die country are two-
salt works carried on extensively by
Cherokees, stores of merchandise in abun
dance owned by natives, and school*
taught by intelligent Cherokees, as well
as whites. Morality Snd religion' seero»
with industry nnd cleanliness, to hnvo
taken n deeper hold on the feelings and
actions of the Western, limp they havo
on the Eastern Cherokees. This wiug
of the nation, would afford a'settloment
for one hundred thousand whites, Therff
are to be seen occasionally iu passing
through it,prairies varying iu length, from
a quarter of a mile to six miles; in
breadth, from a quarter to oue inile; some
covered witli cane, others with shrubbery
or winter and summer grass, interspersed
with flowers, beautiful anti frngrunt, innu
merable in variety, surrounded by forests
affording timber for fencing and firewood
for centuries to come, and abounding with
wild honey. There is no chcsnut limber
nor poplar .in the country, but the procon.
n nut equally ndtricious, is found as abun
dantly ihere in places, as the chesnut f»
hero. The cotton tree is found there, re
sembling very much the yellow poplar,
and it, its tho poplar here, is regarded as
nn unerring indication of good soil. Pine
is by no means so plentiful there as here,
but the common growth is hickory, ash,
wild cherry, sugar tree, black bnd white
walnut, with dog wood, hornbeam, hack-
berry, mulberry, and white, post ard red
oak. - iu places, nunieroas vines are to be
found, as various in their productions as
the best European vineyards. I drank
some very pleasant wine manufactured by
Justice, a full blooded Cherokee, out ot
the wild grape of the forest. AJberty has
:a farm on n high mountain, level as a floor,
and rich as a Coosa Watti* bottom: but
all the' mountains are not rich. Some of
them are as poor aud flinty as th*-v are its
this nation. The bottom lands are wider
and the soil much deeper there than here.
Nearly all the prairie lands produce well.
Water.is not so scarce as we had under
stood it to be, except iu the rich lov
grounds, where it may be found by digging
a short distance. There are however,
good springs to be found occasionally its
tbe low lends. In fact, it is pretty much;
there as it in other countries with regard
to water—the mountain broken country
Hording ad abundance of the best, whilst
the lowlands show but few gpod spring*.
This dtfUieacy euaeasily'ha reflxeuiqd hjt
