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GEORGIA STATESMAN.
BY BURRITT & MEACHAM.
THE GEORGIA STATESMAN
Is published weekly at the Seat of Govern
ment, opposite, the State-House Square, at
Three Dollars per ann. in advance.
Advertisements inserted at the usual rates.
N. B. Sales of land and negroes, by Ad
ministrators, Executors, or Guardians, are
required by law, to be held on the first Tues
day in the month, between the hours of ten
in the forenoon, and three in the afternoon,
at the court house of the county in which ths
property is situate. Notice of these sales
must be given in a public Gazette SIXTY
day3 previous to the day of sale.
Notice of the sale of personal property
must be given in like manner, FORTY days
previous to the day of sale.
Notice to the debtors and creditors of an
estate must be published for FORTY days.
Notice that application will be made to
the Court of Ordinary for leave to sell land,
must be published for NINr; MONTHS.
iCJPAI! Letters must be POSTPAID.
Legislative.
A LIST OF ACTS,
Fussed at the Annual Session of 1825.
1. To divorce Lucy and Charles
Hudson.
2. To repeal an act to amend the
road laws of Baldwin county
3. To alter the road laws so far as
respects Wayne county.
4. To divorce S. K. and Sarah
Gates.
5. To specify the amount in which
the Clerk of the Inferior Court of
Wilkes county shall be compelled to
give official bond.
6 To alter the Ist see. of the act
of 1823,toestablish district elections
in Tell air county.
7. To repeal the act compc'ling
the Clerks of the Court to keep their
offices at the Court-House, so far as
respects Ware county.
8. To compel the officers of the
4th Bat. Ist Brig. G. M. to order all
musters of said Battallion to be held
at Ganey’s Hill, Liberty county.
9. To authorise a Lottery for pub
lic purposes in the town of Bruns
wick.
10 To authorise the Sheriffs,
Clerks, and other officers of the
Southern, Flint, Ocmulgee and Wes
tern Circuits, and’of Warren County,
to publish their advertisements in
any paper printed in Milledgeville,
or within their Circuits, and compel
Deputy Sheriffs to advertise in the
the same paper with their principals.
11. To alter the time of holding
the Superior Courts in the Eastern
District, and the Inferior Court of
Camden county.
12. To establish election districts
in Elbert County.
13. To legitimate, certain persons
called Mitchell.
14. To change the names of cer
tain persons called Peoples.
15. To authorise the Inferior court
of Upson county to lay oft'lots on the
Common of Thomaston, for the Bap
tist and Methodist Churches.
16. To change the name of Louisa
Sims.
17. To make valid all bonds giv
en by Administrators and Guardians,
payable to the Court of Ordinary,
members ofthe Inferior Court, Judg
es of the Inferior Court Justices of
the Court of Ordinary and Justices
ot the Inferior Court, sitting forordi
nary purposes.
18. To revise and amend the sev
eral land acts now in force, in rela
tion to vacant lands, and lands sur
veyed on Head Rights and Bounty
Warrants.
19. To authorise the elections of
county officers in Hall county to be
held at the district election grounds.
20. Another of the same with the
preceding for Gwinnett county.
21. To amend the act to grant tem
porary relief to the purchasers of
fractional lots, Islands, &.c. and pur
chasers of lots in Macon.
22. To incorporate the Double
Branch Academy in Lincoln County.
23. To divorce King L. and Jemi
ma Williams.
24. To authorise the Inferior court
of Fayette county, to convey lots on
tin; Town Common to religious soci
eties, for the purpose of building
Churches thereon.
25. To incorporate the Trustees
of the Salem Parsonage property, in
Clark county.
26. For the relief of Douglass
M at son of Morgan county.
* 27. To change the time of holding
the Inferior court of Honcock county,
so far as relates to the summer ses
sion.
28. Extending the time for the
’ax collector ofElbert county to col
*' « l and pay over the tax of 1824.
2:*. To incorporate the Thomas
ton Academy.
; W. To divorce Thomas G. and
Eouisa Duke.
•D. 'To authorise Susan Tinsley to
a Ferry on the Flint river.
•'*2. I’o change the name of cer
on persons called W illiams, to Rose,
ss * ll divide the countv of Co-
35. To divorce Robert and Ann
F. A. Ellington.
36. To establish district elections
in Fayette county.
37. To divorce Elizabeth and
Caswell Hubbard.
38. To authorise certain persons
to plead and practice law in the
Courts of this State.
39. To extend the time for fortu
nate drawers in the Land Lotteries
of 1818, 1819, and 1821, to take out
their grants.
40. To alter the act to establish
election districts in Glynn county.
41. To form two new counties
t’om Irwin and Decatur.
42. To establish district elections
in M’lntosh.
43. To authorise the Justices of
the Inferior court of Gwinnett coun
ty to remit a tine incurred by 1).
Thompson.
44. To incorporate the DeKalb
Academy.
45. To amend the act to estab
lish and incorporate an* Insurance
Company in Savannah, and to grant
banking privileges to said company.
46. To alter the act of incorpora
tion of Perry, in the county of Hous
ton.
47. To add part of Upson county
to Pike county.
48 To establish election districts
in Montgomery county.
49. To entitle Burton Thrasher, of
Clark county, to a participation in
the contemplated Land Lottery.
50. To divorce Daniel and Par
melia Hall.
51. To change the names of cer
tain persons.
52. To divorce Nathan 11. and
Elizabeth Borum.
53. To establish Pitts’ ferry on
the Ocmulgee.
54. Concerning the public build
ings of Wayne county.
55. To lay off the state into sev
en Congressional districts.
56. To alter, amend and consoli
date the road laws of Glvnn countv.
57. To incorporate the town of
Knoxville.
58. To divorce Rowe and Sarah
W. Harris.
59. To authorise a further sale of
lots in the town of Macon.
60. To amend the act to regulate
general elections so far as respects
Burke.
61. To establish election districts
in Scriven.
62. To divorce Jemima and Ma
thaison Henderson.
63. To appoint county treasurers
and to define their duties.
64. Declaring the manner in which
the surveys of University lands, di
viding them into lots for the purpose
of sale, according to the act of the
legislature of 1815, shall be authen
ticated.
85. To require the collectors of
laxes to pay over money collected
by them for county purposes to the
proper authority, and to authorize
the Inferior court of any county its
issue execution against defaulting tax
collectors.
66. To change the name of Isabel
Rogers.
67. To divorce Elizabeth and Ste
phen Bennett.
68. To divorce Henry P. and Bet
sy Browm.
69. To amend the road laws of
Camden county, and to appropriate
monies for the Burnt Fort road in
said county out ofthe county funds.
70. To create a Board of Public
Works, and to provide for the com
mencement of a system of Internal
Improvement.
71. For the relief of Stephen
Mallory.
72. To altar and fix the time of
holding the Superior and inferior
courts of the Southern circuit.
73. To alter and fix the times of
holding the Superior and Inferior
courts of Wilkes.
74. To authorise the establish
ment of a new' market house in Au
gusta.
75. To extend the corporation
limits of the town of Covington.
76. To establish election Districts
in the county of Wayno.
77. To regulate the licensing of
physicians to practice physic in this
State.
78. To change the name of Cur
ran Johnson to Rogers.
79. To repeal so much of the 4th
and sth sections of the penal code of
3816, as relates to the transporta
tion of convicts to the Penitentiary
80. To organize the counties of
Thomas and Lowndes, &.c.
81. To give master carpenters and
master masons a lien on buildings
erected by them in Decatur, DeKalb
county.
82. To reduce the amount of
Sheriff’s bonds in certain* counties
and to compensate said officers tor
services.
03. To repeal an act to exempt
slaves from road duty on Ossahaw
MILLEDGEVILLE, TUESDAY, JANUARY 3, 1826.
84. To authorise the Inferior court
of Effingham to act as Commission
ers of the town of Springfield.
85. For the relief of John Long
of Warren county.
86 To establish election districts
in Pulaski county.
87. To extend the corporate limits
of the town of Eatonton.
88. To carry into complete effect
the act to authorise the Inferior
court of Henry county to convey to
the trustees of the county Academy
a part of lands heretofore purchased
for county purposes, &c.
89. To compel the Clerk of the
Superior court of Einanua! county
to keep his office at the court house,
or within five miles thereof.
90. To add a part of the county
of Appling to Telfair.
91. To establish an engine com*
pany in Savannah.
92. To divorce Sarah and Wiley
Rogers.
93. To authorise a Lottery for the
benefit of the Madison Academy.
94. To establish district elections
in the county of Washington.
95. For the relief of Ilenry King.
96. To authorise E. Jenks to con
struct a canal from Ogeeche to the
Altamaha.
97. To lay out anew county from
the counties of Henry and Monroe.
98. To lay Dut anew county from
parts of the counties of Warren,
Wilks, Hancock, Greene and Ogle
thorpe.
99. To establish election districts
in Franklin and Habersham.
100. To divorce Amelia and John
Clark.
101 For the relief of Isaac Brvan.
102. To sell and dispose of the
State’s interest iff lots of land which
have been and may be hereafter de
clared to be fraudulently drawn in
the counties of Bibb, Houston, &c.
130. To amend the act to lay off
and define and keep open the main
channel of Broad River,
140. To appropriate monies for
•the political year 1826.
105. To incorporate the Mexico
Atlantic Company of Georgia.
206. To amend and consolidate
the several acts which have been pas
sed for the government of the city
of Savannah.
107. To establish and make per
manent the ferry on the Ocmulgee
river known as P. A. Lewis’ ferry.
108. To appoint Trustees for the
Dooly county Academy.
109. To incorporate the Zcbulon
Academy in Pike county.
110. To lay out a central canal or
railway throughout this state.
111. To raise a tax for the sup
port of government for 1826.
112. To amend an act to incorpo
rate the Lawrence Academy in the
county of Gwinnett.
113. To relieve the citizens of
Newnan, Pike county.
114. To divorce James and Lu
cinda Dooly.
115. To authorise David Terrell
to build a bridge over Appalachie.
116. To incorporate the Bank of
Macon.
117. To authorise Springer Gib
son to establish a ferry across Flint
river.
117. To vest the State’s interest
in the property of Joel Music in his
sister.
119. To incorporate the Knox
ville Academy.
120. Amendatory to the 4th sec.
of an act to dispose of and distribute
the land obtained by the treaty of
1825.
121. 'Fo add that part of the funds
heretofore set apart lor the support
ofcountyAcademiestothefree school
fund so far as respects the counties
of Chatham, Irwin Telfair and Ware.
122. To altar and amend an act
to amend the 14th section of an act
to protect the estates of orphans, &c.
so far as respects the county of
Wilkes.
123. To establish Martin Hardin’s
Ferry in the county of Decatur, on
his own land.
124. To authorise the Superior
and Inferior courts sitting for ordina
ry purposes to be held in the Acade
my of Glynn county.
125. To incorporate the Harris
burg Presbyterian church.
126. To consolidate the several
acts incorporating the town of St.
Mary’s.
127. To change the name of C.
Barrett to Griffin.
128. To authorise Sami. Calhoun,
of Upson county to establish a ferry.
129. To change the time of hold
ing the luferior court of Henry coun
ty.
130. To admit certain persons to
plead and practice in the several
courts of this state.
131. To amend the act of incor
poration of Franklin Academy.
132. To establish the fees of
Sheriffs, and county surveyors, and
iiittiiiAtlliiiUiililiilliilliiMilMiMi
134. To reserve for the use of the
State all valuable ores, mines, and
minerals which have been, or here
after may be discoved.
135. To inoerporate the Union
Baptist Church, in Warren county.
136. To entitle the Scriven coun
ty Academy to their full dividend of
the monies set apart for county Acad
emies.
ESSAY,
On the necessity of a General Confederation
of the Hispan-Aincrican States, and the
plan of its organization. Lima, 1625. —
By Col. D. Bernardo Monteagudo. [Trans
lated for the National Journal.]
Every age contains within itselfthe
I'l'jm of events to be developed in the
succeeding. Extraordinary epochs,
in the social order, as in nature, indi
cate the occurrence of rare phenom
ena, and wonderful combinations.—
The revolutions of the American
world has developed the ideas of the
eighteenth century; andourtrinmph
is but the echo of the thunder that
has fallen upon the thrones of Eu
rope, which have held dominion over
the rest of the w orld
The independence which we have
acquired, is an event, which, in chan
ging our relations and mode of exist
ence, has cancelled all obligations
that had been imposed on us by the
spirit of the 15th century. It dic
tates to us the new relations we
should maintain—the connexions of
honour we should contract —the prin
ciples to be adopted necessary to es
tablish thereupon the public right
which may in future govern the inde
pendent States, whose confederation
is the object of this essay, and the
mode of conectingthe desires of or
der with the hopes of liberty.
No scheme was earlier meditated
ifmong the directors of public affairs,
during the revolution, than that of
forming a general league against the
common enemy, and thus to supply
individual deficiency of resources, by
the union of all. But the immense
distance between the independent
States, and the innumerable difficul
ties of inter-communication, and of
concerting pians between our pro
visional governments, seemed to les
sen, every day, the hope of realizing
the project of a general confedera
tion. Until within a few years, what
passed to the south of the equator
was unknown in the north; whilst
information was indirectly received
through the United States and Eng
land. Every defeat of our armies
proved the necessity of a general
league, hut the obstacles were supe
rior to the necessity.
In 1821, this scheme first seemed
practicable. Peru, though oppress
ed, entered into the American sys
tem—Guayaquil and other ports of
the Pacific were opened to the com
merce ofthe independents. Victory
conjoined the north and south ; and
the genius which then and now directs
the war with ability and fortune, un
dertook to execute the plan of a
Hispan-American confederation.
No project of this kind can be re
alized by the sudden and precipitate
will of the parties. The impulse
must be given by one hand; and the
direction committed to one, when all
are equally in representation and in
terest. The President of Colombia
took the lead in this important sub
ject, and commissioned Plenipoten
tiaries near the governments of Mex
ico, Peru,Chile and Buenos Ayres, to
effect, by special treaties, the gener
al league of our continent. In Peru
and Mexico, the proposed conven
tion was formed ; and with some mo
difications, both treaties have .alrea
dy been ratified by their respective
legislatures. In Chile and Buenos
Ayres, difficulties have occurred not
easily obviated, w hilst the common
interest alone is to reconcile differen
ces of opinion. It remains that ex
isting treaties he executed, and the
Congress ofthe concurring States in
stalled.
' The meeting of the Congress was
likely to have been deferred as long
as the adoption of the project; but
the government of Peru addressed
those of Colombia and Mexico, with
a view to fix the time and place for
the assembling ofthe Plenipotentia
ries. •
The general aspect ofpublic affairs,
and the respective conditions of the
Independents, induce the hope that,
in 1825, the Hispan-American con
federation will be effected under the
auspices of a Congress, whose policy
will be to confirm the rights of the
people, and not of families, who, in
time, would disown their origin.
This is a historic review of the
diplomatic negociations relative to a
subject the most important that can at
present engage our governments. The
consideration of its primary interests
will discover if it merit the greatest
regard, or if it is but a scheme in
vented by power, to excuse the hos
tilities of force against the weak, or
Independence, peace and guaran
ties, are interests of chief concern to
the national character of the infant
Republics of the new world. Each
one of them requires the institution
of a political system, that supposes
the pre-existence of a Congress,
where ideas may he compared and
combined, and principles acknowl
edged which should constitute and
support that system.
Independence is the primary inter
ests of the new world. To throw off
tho-yoke of Spain, to efface even the
traces ofher dominion, apd to reject
all otherforeign government are en
terprizes that will require, for some
time, tlieconcentratioir and an uniform
direction of our resources. It is
true, that at Ayacucho, the continen
tal war against Spain, was termina
ted ; and that over the expanse of a
whole world, there are but three in
sulated points where he arms of
Castille glitter, or (he banners of
Cortes wave, They no longer men
ace the safety of the country, hut
keep alive the feeling of hostility,
and revive the recollection of the ca
lamities they have inflicted on the
people.
San Juan de Ulna, Callao, and
Cliiloe, are the last intrenchmcnts of
Spanish power. The two first must
speedily surrender to the arms of lib
erty. The Archipelago of Cliiloe,
though it may require the co-opera
tion of a greater force, and that mili
tary operations should be conducted
in the few months that the climate
will permit, w ill yet follow the for
tues of the continent, to which it per
tains.
Vengeance, however, still subsists
in (he breasts of the Spaniards.—
Their professed hatred of us, has not
been suppressed. They have no dispo
sable forces to bring against us, yet
they preserve pretensions, under the
name of rights, that they may solicit
the aid of the Holy Alliance, which is
disposed to furnish it to all who as
pire at usurpation of the people’s
rights, w hich alone are legitimate.
Contemplating the gradual in
crease of our forces, the energy and
resources developed by each Repub
lic in the wxir of the Revolution, and
the pride of victory felt by the liber
ators of the country, the inference is
just, that, if, unassisted in the infan
cy of our political existence, we have
triumphed over the Spanish forces,
superior to us in discipline and num
bers, we will have complete victory,
when possessed of the undivided re
sources of the country. But it w ill
also be recollected, that if our con
test hitherto has been with an impo
tent, degraded, and lawless nation,
our present danger is from a conflict
with the Holy Alliance. In calcula
ting the force necessary for re-estab
lishing legitmactj in Ilispan-America,
it w ill estimate our present condition
and capacities.
This subject presents t wo quest ions:
probability of anew contest, and the
the amount offeree that could he em
ployed against us. Disregarding the
constant rumours of hostility, and the
quasi official data we possess for de
termining the views of the Holy Al
liance in regard to the political or
ganization of the new world, there is
a strong inferential argument derived
from the policy constantly pursued
by the Northern Cabinets of Europe,
towards the affairs of the South.—
The re-establishment of legitimacy,
a word which, in its practical sense,
signifies force and absolute power,
has been the object proposed bv the
Allies. In Europe and America, their
interest is the same: and if at Naples
and in Spain, the shadow of a throne
could not preserve these territories
from invasion, the force of our gov
ernments will, certainly, not be the
best defence from the policy of the
Holy Alliance.
The mass of force that would be
employed against us, in case of
invasion, would be proportioned to
the extensive resources of the Courts
of St. Petersburg!!, Berlin, Vienna
and Paris. It is fair to presume that
they possess the elements for the
re-conquest of America not in favour
of Spain, who could never recover
her ancient possessions, but in de
fence of the principle of legitimacy,
ofthis modern talisman, which serves
as a watch-word to the enemies of
the people’s sovereignty.
The first sail unfurled in the ports
of Europe, and destined against the
liberty of the new world, would be
the signal of alarm to the liberal, of
both hemispheres. The United states
and Great Britain would assume
their proper positions in this general
contest. Opinion, the new power
which at this day presides over the
destiny of nations would cement
their alliance with iy>; and victory,
after favouring each jwrty, alternate
ly, would decide for justice, and com
pel the sectaries of absolute power,
(■riMiaHaMMliini
[NO. III.—VOL. I.
It cannot be concealed, that the
new republics in general, and some
of them in particular, would, in the
mean while, suffer many evils that
cannot now be anticipated, or tlieh
avoided, if there be no uniformity of
sentiment or action. This implies a
precedent convention, andnCongrcss
to extend r modify it, by circum
stances. It should not ho forgotten,
that, if we become mutual Allies, the
vanguard of the llolv Alliance will
employ corruption and intrigue, the
more to be dreaded as our inheritance
of vice and prejudice from Spain,
has been great ; that, we are yet in
a state of ignorance w hich might bo
termed happy, did it not happen oc
casionally to be prejudicial, of those
political artifices and insiduous de
signs, w hich entice people from pre
cipice to precipice, as if they trod the
level plain ; and that, in fine, nil the
habits of servitude are inveterate
among us, and those offreedom have
just been assumed, after political ex
periments of our governments, and
useful lessons learned in the school
of adversitv.
A prospect of the future dangers
that inav assail us, induces distrust ot
the new Empire of Brazil. It was
necessary that the t-ansition which
we made, from a Colonial State to
the rank of independent nations,
shouldtake place in Brazil ; but the
throne of D. Pedro I. has been raised
uponthe same ruins on which Liberty
has elevated hers in the rest of Amer
ica. The sentiment must !>e expres
sed with painful regret,thatthat Sover
eign has not testified proper respect
for liberal institutions, to whose spirit
he owes the sceptre lie wields, in
tended as an instrument of liberty,
not as a rod of impression, The
case of I).Pedro T. before the tribu
nal of the llolv Alliance, has been
tried equally with our own, but the
judgment has been different; he has
been absolved, notwithstanding the
example of his conduct, which will
transmit him as the Chief of a con
spiracy against the authority of his
father.
We arc induced to believe that
the Imperial cabinet of Rio de Jane
iro will favour the views of the Holy
Alliance against the republics of the.
new world ; and that Brazil will pro
bably become the bead quarters of
the servile party, as we are assured
it is nowoffthe secret agents of the
llolv Alliance. Besides the public
information w liich justifies the appre
hension of such an abandonment of
the American system, an impressive
character is observable in the rela
tions of the government of Brazil
with those of Europe, the cause of
which cannot be found but in a simi
larity of principles and interest.
This rapid exposition of the dan
gers that threaten us, demonstrates
the necessity of an American league
upon the principles originally pro
posed.
Human providence cannot forsee
the accidents and vicissitudes that
our Republics will suffer, until their
existence be firmly established. In
the mean while, an unfavourable
campaign, the effects of a European
treaty between the powers that main
tain the present balance of power,
some domestic disturbances, and the
consequent change of principles, will
promote the objects of the legitimate
party ; if we do not assume an uni
form activity of resistance and has
ten to conclude a true compact, as
families, that shall guaranty our
independence, collectively and indi
vidually.
This work belongs to a Congress
of plenipotentiaries from each State,
which may fix the contingent of troops
and the subsidies to he furnished by
each of the confederate, in casu fad
eris. The immense distances of se
paration, the great delay that must
attend any concert for the common
good, and which is demanded hv the
governments of the Rio de la Plata,
Mexico, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and
Guatemala, enforce the necessity of
a Congress, as the depository of the
combined force and will of (he con
federates, and as the Executive of
both, when, wherever Independence
may be declared.
It is not necessary to recur to pe
riods very distant for precedents to
justify the measure of convening a
CongressofPlenipotentiaries toco'U
pletc the dispositions of previous
treaties, though they are sufficicn
to effect the intentions of Iho on
tracing parties. The laic diplo
matic history of Europe supports o«r
views. After the dissolution of the
Congress of Chantillon, in 1811, the
treaty of the quadruple affiance was
concluded between Austria, Great-
Britain, Prussia, and Switzerland.
It guarantied the system that Europe
should adopt for itself; the subsi
dies of each power were fixed ; oth
er general measures were agreed
on, and the duration of the alliance