Newspaper Page Text
to Poctrp.
B TO SLEEP.
H 1 Junes by the celebrated Curran.
weigh not yet iny eye-lid down,
Fi,% Memory, see! with eve attending - ,
/i!laims a moment for lier own:
her by her robe of mourning,
I know her by her faded fight;
■F When faithful with her gloom ro*urning,
She conics to bid a sad good-night.
O’ let me hear, with bosom swelling,
While she sighs o’er timofthat’s past;
HB O! let me weep, while she/ telling
Os joy that pine, that last.
And now, <) sleep, wlme grief is streaming,
Let thy balm swc||| peace restore;
While fearful hooKlnrough tears is beaming,
Sooth to rest tnat wakes no more.
’lines -written impromptu on the JMurble Pillar at Boulogne,
after Napoleon'i fall.
fcj When Ambition attains its desire,
How fortune must smile at the joke!
You rose in a pillar of fire—
You sunk in a pillar of smoke.
W jitiioccliancouo,
■ ~ HISTORY of WEATHER.
H The following interesting article is an extract
■from the dissertation on Polar Icc, etc. which ap-
in the last number of the Edinburg Rc
“lt is very diflFcult to ascertain the precise ;
of the weather in distant ages. The
WMf’- rmomeier was not invented till 15‘>o, by the,
Sanctono; nor was that valuable in
■ km out reduced to a correct standard before
Hr Jyear 1724, by the skill of Fahrenheit. Wei
H hate hence no observations of temperature winch
Hg > further back than a century. Prior to this
■period, we must glean our information from the
■ jpsc and scanty notices which are scattered
|H- rough the old chronicles, relative to the state
the harvest, the quality of the vintage, or the
of frost and snow in tin - winter, Great
however, should he made for the spi
£&■(>'l” exaggeration, and the love of the murvel-
which inlect all those rude historical monu
as. Toahlo and Pilgrim have, with incredi
■f indust.y, prosecuted this research; and, from
SB bulky work of the latter, printed in the Ger-
Ban language at Vienna, in 1788, we shall se
the most remarkable passages concerning
state ol the weather for more than a thou-
years back, and combine with them the ob
ret vauons made by professor Pfoff, of Kiel.—
/ l'he following years are noted for the severity of
f the winter:
f . “In A. D. 407, the Black Sea was entirely fro
zen over.
“In 462, the Danube was frozen, so that Theo
domer marched over the ice, to avenge his bro
ther’s death in Swabia.
“In 545, the cold w.s so intense in winter,
tliat the birds allowed themselves to be caught
by the hand. *
“In 7 63, not only the Black Sea, but the straits
ol the Dardanelles was frozen over. The snow
U j\ some places jse fifty feet high; and the ice
heaDed in the cities as to push down the
Wails. ..
“In the winter was intensely cold.
“In k ß e2, the great rivers of Europe, such as
the Danube, the Elbe, and the Seine, were so
hard frozen as to bear heavy waggons for a month.
“In 860, the Adriatic was frozen.
“In 874, the winter was very long and severe.
The snow contidued to fall from the beginning of
November to the end of March, and incumber-
L ed the ground so much, that the forests were in-
L accessible for the supply of fuel.
B “In 891, and again in 893, the vines were killed
Bby the frost, and the cattle perished in their stalls.
■■ “In 991, the winter lasted very long, with ex-
severity. Every thing was frozen, the
fjßrops totally failed, and famine and pestilence
the year.
“In 1044, great quantities of snow lay on the
■ground. The vines and fruit trees were destroy -
■>d, and famine ensued.
Hi “In 1067, the cold was so intense, that most of
Btbe travellers in Germany were frozen to death
Bici the roads.
B< “In 1124, the winter was uncommonly severe;
ITcand snow lay very long.
■ ( n “In 1133, it was extremely cold in Italy; the
L /(I owas frozen from Cremona to the; the sea heaps!
Die i snow rendered the roads impassable, the wine
Ijhoisks were burst, and even the trees split, by
Lua action of the frost, with immense noise.
kg.; “In 1179, the snow was eight feet deep in AuS-
Ptf at, and lay till caster. Tne crops and vintage
jHliiled, and a great mu man consumed the cattle.
■p“ The winters of 1209 and 1210 were both of
tHj-ni very severe, insomuch that the cattle died j
(My want of fodder.
H c bui*st the casks.
yjßjifoji 1234, the Po was again frozen, and loaded
ms crossed the Adriatic ufV (.nice. \ pine
killed by the fiyst ut Ravenna.
BB and c ’ 236, the Danube was frozen to the bot
|^^Bo,| remained long in that state.
,, n > 1, the frost was most intense in Sn,t-
,pe ground bound up. The Catlegat
HHB iween Norway and Jutland.
HBB 11 <; ti ah’ a i of sir iW h a, \;• s
-
• as fi,./nn ov, . P. a .
• : |k
’
H
horse and foot
from Denmark to Lubeek aeff
“In 1339, the crops failed’
such a famine ensued, that Us _
pie were reduced to fred inMoT
tlx in perished miserably ■ ■
F.ngland w heat w as at this sqld
“In 1344, it was clear frostn’onrPßSPfnner to
March, and al/the riverain Italy were frozen over.
“In 1392, the vineyards and orchards were de
stroyed hr the frost, and the trees torn to pieces.
“The year 1408 had one of the coldest winters
ever remembered. Not only the Danube was
frozen over, but the sea between Gothland and
Oriand, and between Norway and Denmark; so
that wolves driven from their forests, came over
the ice into Jutland. In France the vineyards
and orchards were destroyed.
“In 1424, both the North Sea and the Baltic
were frozen. Travellers passed on foot from
Lubec to Dantzic. In France, the frost pene
trated into the very cellors. Corn and wine fail
ed, and men and cattle perished for want of food.
“'l’lie successive winters of 1432, 1433, and
1434, were uncommonly severe. It snowed 40
days without interruption. All the rivers ot Ger
many were frozen: and the very birds took shelter
in the tovns. The price of wheat rose in Eng
land, to 275. a quarter, but was reduced to ss.in
the following year.
“In 1460, the Baltic was frozen, and both horse
and foot passengers crossed over the ice from
Denmark to Sweden. The Danube likewise
continued frozen for two months; and the vine
yards in Germany were destroyed.
“In 1463, the winter was so severe in Flanders,
that the wine distributed to the soldiers was cut
in pieces with hatchets.
“In 1544, the same thing happened again, the
wine being frozen into solid lumps.
“In 1548, the winter was very cold and pro
tracted. Between Denmark and Rostock,sledges
drawn by horses or oxen travelled over the ice.
“In 1564, and again in 1565, the winter was
extremely severe over all Europe. The Scheldt
froze so hard as to support loaded waggons for
three months.
“In 1571, the winter was severe and protract
ed. All the rivers in France w ere covered with
hard and solid ice; and fruit trees, even in Lan
guedoc, were killed by the frost.
“In 1604, the weather was so severe that the
R bine and and the Scheldt were frozen, and even
the sea at Venice.
“'l’he year 1678 was uncommonly cold, and
snow lay immense depth even at Padua. Wheat
rose, in the Windsor market, from 365. to 565. a
quarter.
“In 1621 and 1622, all the rivers of Europe
were frozen, and even the Zuyder Zee. A sheet
of ice covered the Hellespont; and the Venetian
licet was choaked up in the lagoons of the Adri
atic.
“In 1655, the winter was very severe, especial
ly in Sweden. The excessive quantities of snow
and rain which fell did great injury in Scotland.
“The winters of 1658, 1659 and 1660, were
intensely cold. The rivers in Italy bore heavy
carriages; and so much snow had not fallen at
Rome for several centuries. It w T asin 1658 that
Charles X. of Sweden crossed the Little Belt
over the ice front Holstein to Denmark, with his
whole army, foot and horse, follow ed by the train
of baggage and artillery. During these years
the price of grain was nearly doubled in Eng
land; a circumstance which contributed, among
other causes, to its restoration.
“In 1680, the frost was most intense in Eng
land and in Denmark, both the Little and Great
Beits being frozen.
“In 1684, the winter was excessively cgpld. —
Many forest trees, and even the oaks in England,
were split by the frost. Most of the hollies were
killed.. Coaches drove along the Thames, which
was covered with ice eleven inches thick. Al
most all the birds perished.
“In 1691, the cold was so excessive, that the
famished wolves entered Vienna, and attacked
the cattle, and even men.
“'l’he winter of 695 w as extremely severe and
protracted. The frost in Germany began in Oc
tober, and continued till Aprii, and many peo
ple were frozen to death.
“The years 1697 and 1699 were nearly as bad.
In England the price of wheat, which, in pre
ceding years, had seldom reached to 30s. a quar
ter now amounted to 7 Is.
( To be concluded in our next.)
NEW MADRID.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman now in tlie west
ern country, to his friend in Richmond, \ a.
“St. Louis , September, 1818.
“Circumstances induced me to land at New Mad
rid, lor the purpose of going by land to St. Louis
(having ascended the Mississippi in a’steam
boat from New-Orleans.) It is impossible to visit
this spot, knowing any thing of its history, and
not be struck with the aii of desolation it breathes.
The ground, which now forms the bed of the
river, was, not many years since, selected as the
scite of a town which was to become the empori
um of the vast tract watered by the Mississippi,
Missouri, and their branches. It was indeed
most happily situated for this purpose. But the
river has swept away the ground on which the
town was originally placed—and the earthquakes
of 181 I—’l2, have sunken the remainder of the
bluff below high water mark. There was a lake
in the rear of the town, on the banks of which
public walks and plantations of trees were plant
ed for the accommodation of its inhabitants.—
This is now a heap of land!—There are about
half a dozen houses on the ground, and shocks
are stiil frequent. On the 17th August, I landed
there, and on that day there had been a conside
rable quake.
New-Madrid and St. Louis, there is
ggfcj^pccclient land; and a line climate, as
** a'c*age oi tile United
Louis is thriving rapidly. There arc’
wight hundred houses, and every year to
#6 by appearances, will much increase their
jfcer. House rent is high—-the better houses
Trom five hundred to one thousand dollars a year.”
—Richmond Enquirer.
CANALS in EUROPE.
The longest canal on the continent of Europe
is that of Languedoc, in {fie south of France,
which unites the Mediterranean sea with the At
lantic ocean. It is 180 miles long, six feet deep,
and has 144 locks. It passes a mountain, by a
tunnel 270 feet long, arched over with free stone.
To provide water on the highest level, there is
a reservoir of 593 acres, excavated at great ex
pense. The whole cost of this canal is stated
at 82,442,000.
The Grand Junction Canal is the longest of
any in England, running nearly we t, 90£ miles,
; from London. It has 796 feet rise and fail, and
101 locks, besides 9 originally constructed to
pass a deep valley, across which a high embank
ment and aqueduct has been made. It has two
tunnels —one 3080 yards long, 15 feet wide, 19
feet high and 60 feet below the surface of the
hill—the other 2045 yards long. It has one
deep cutting of three miles, thirty feet in the
highest place; with several other very extensive
deep efittings. There are several stupendous
embankments on this canal. There are also 6
j reservoirs for holding water, oi from 40 to 70
acres, and, in three places, where sufficient w r ater
cannot otherwise be had, to supply lockage-wa
’ ter on the high levels, the water is pumped up
I from the lower levels, by steam engines. The
whole expense of this canal is estimated at two
million pounds sterling, or $8,888,000.
The Oxford Canal extends 91 miles northerly
from the Thames, near Oxford. It has 269 feet
rise and fall, and 52 locks, is 28 feet wide at tlie
top and 16 at bottom, and feet deep. It has
| three tunnels, one of which is 1188 yards long.
■ It lias several considerable aqueducts: one of
12 arciies 22 feet each. It cost 330,0001.
The Leeds and Liverpool canal extends 130
miles, crosses the island, and forms a communi
cation between Hull on the east side and Liver
-1 pool on the west. It has 840| feet vise and fall,
, with 9 1 locks; the “breadth 42 feet; 4£ feet deep.
It has three tnnnels, one of"*1030 yards long; a
jnother 700 yards, with an extensive deep cut
; ting at each end. It has several very extensive
•embankments and aqueduct bridges, one of
which pussess the Lancaster canal, 60 feet high.
It cost 600,000/.
j The Forth and Clyde canal extends 34 m les,
from the tide waters of tlie Forth, above Eriin
t burg, to the tide waters of the Clyde, below
i Glasgow. It has 165 feet rise, and 156 fall, to
gether 321 feet; and 39 locks. The locks are
’ 75 feet long and 2o wide, cai i ying vessels of 70
•or 80 tons. It has ten large acqueduct bridges,
one 400 feet long, and 70 feet above the river it
1 crosses. Two reservoirs, one of 70 and one of
’ 50 acres are provided, to supply lockage water.
1 It cost 212,000/. — Nat. Intelligencer.
The following religious missionaries are now
I abroad from the United States:
At Bombay, reverend Gordon Hall, H. Bardwell, Sa
muel Newell, John Nichols, and Allen Graves.
At K.uiuo i, Burmah, reverend Adoniram Judson,
jun. George H. Hough, James Coleman, and Edward
W heelock.
At the island of Cstlon, reverend Edward Warren,
Benjamin C. Meigs, James Richardson and Daniel Poor.
— ib.
r-rg■■ 11 rr-**. 1 .. ...I'l: “ 1 ■■■■-
, PROPOSALS
IOR PUBLISHING, IN SAVJNNJH,
A DAILY NEWSPAPER,
TO BE ENTITLED
EDITED BY .1. M. HARNEY.
nr HEN it is considered how extensive and powerful
j * T an influence a free press possesses, in improv
| ing or corrupting the morals; refining or vitiating the
taste; exalting or degrading the character; promoting
or counteracting the political welfare of a state; he,
who assumes the management of a public paper, is al
most overawed by the weight of resposibility he incurs.
The people, mindful that the same responsibility de
volves on them, (inasmuch as a paper owes its exis
tence to their patronage,) will require to be informed
of the character anil object of THE GEORGIAN, be
fore they can feel justified in giving it their support.
In obedience to this just demand, the following expo
sition is candidly and willingly submitted.
The constitution of the I'nited States should be the
text of every man’s political creed. We need not ran
sack the archives of Greece and Rome; nor, like Solon,
visit distant countries in search of political knowledge.
He is the best statesman, who best understands our con
stitution. It is the master-piece—the ne phis ultra of
political wisdom. It is the rock on which we have
founded the temple of liberty: the rains have come,
and the winds beat upon it, but it still stands. Certain
amendments of the constitution have been proposed,
by sincere patriots and'enlightened statesmen, of both
paYtiek Their opinions rtia be correct, and the right
to amSnd is unquestionable; yet it is to be deeplv re
grettedl .that the period of amendments is not past, as,
by creating a doubt of its perfection, they tend continu
ally to irqpair its sanctity, and enfeeble its authority.
But let it never be fhr got ten, that the stability and
perpetuity of a republic does not depend, exclusively,
on the excellence of its constitution. If the people,
(from whose sovereignty emanates all authority—exec
utive, legislative and judicial) be not sufficiently enlight
ened to discern the wisdbm; nor sufficiently virtuous to
appreciate the blessings of our government, they are
continually at the mercy of their delegated rulers. In
asmuch as the people are the supreme directors cf po
litical affairs, they should at least be acquainted with the
constitution, w hich is the very foundation of their free
dom and the warrant of their political sovereignty.—
The constitution ought to be considered an indispensi
ble branch of scholastic learning in all the colleges and
schools of the I'nited States. But how seldom do we
meet w ith this sacred compact; this estimable charter?
this palladium of our liberty, except in the libraries of
lawyers and learned men! A republic may exist, long
after the corruption of its morals, but there is no antidote
against the benumbing and deadening effects of igno
rance. The book of Constitutions and the Bible should
occupy the same shelf of the farmer, for, next to his
God, Iris country demands his consideration and love.
But it must be remnbt*ved, that it is aecwsarv to for-
tifv the body politic not only against internal currupnen,
and disorder, but also to defend it aguinptdhe enemies
by which it is surrounded. The tree of our liberty mist
not only be able to stand alone, but, fike the \\ ell-root,
eel oak, to withstand the tempests-fi? extraneous pow t
As our’s is the only republic on earth; as she lias exalted
herself in the midst of governments which are naturally
and essentially her enemies, her permanent security
must depend on her physical strength, lienee tin ne
cessity of naval <ma military forces. These should be
just competent —not so great as to be dangerous to our -
selves, nor so small as to be harmless to our enemies. —
hi medio tatissimns ibis. On this subject the American
statesman should exert the greatest sagacity and circum
spection. As real sovereignty consists in strength, the
sovereign people should retain the power to rule in their
own hands—hence a well organized, well discipline and
and well armed militia, is the safeguard of a republic,
the bulwark of its liberty.
When war is constitutionally declared, that man is an
enemy to his country, or at least a worthless friend, who
will not aid the administration in defending its honor
and independence. Our political existence is then assail
ed, and the weightiest matters of political controversy,
are nothing in comparison with that momentous stake.
After the enemy has struck a blow into tho bosom of
our country, to hesitate is to be lost. 4Ve must not only
promptly contribute our personal, but also our pecunia
ry aid to the government. It is true, a permanent sys
tem of direct taxes should never be resorted to—because
they are intrinsically odious to the people—because
they are vexatious and oppressive—because they mul
tiply the unconditional supporters of a ruling power,
and because they are unnecessary, inasmuch as our ordi
nary, revenues are adequate to the support ofthe drdina
ry expenses of our government. But when our country,
and all that is dear to freemen, is in imminent dangi r,
it, would be a matter of astonishment if a citizen of this re
public, could ever object to a tax in any shape, or to any
necessary amount. “Nam ncque quies gentium One ar
ms; neqtte anna sine stipendiis; neque stipendia sine rur
bvtts habei'i quaint.” The bold and efficient taxation
of the people to support tlie expences of what has been
emphatically styled the “second war of iiffependence,”
will be held in perpetual memory, and imitated by lit
turc administrations, under similar circumstances. Hut
let it ever be (as it then was) the ultimo ratio of republi
can legislators.
So long as the existing administration maintains the
republican principles and pursues the judicious meas
ures which are now settled and acknowledged, it will
meet with the unanimous support of every true friend
to the country. The best efforts of the Cleohoian shall
be dedicated to the support of sucii principles, sucii c
measures and such rulers. But let it be distinctly un
derstood, that the Georgian can never condescend to
become an unqualified adherent to any party. The in
terests of the people shall never be sacrificed to the am
bition of a few.
For many years past, this republic has been unhappi
ly divided into two parties, each of which has accused
the other of entertaining designs and pursuing meas
ures, ruinous to the welfare and dangerous to the lib
erties ofthe people. But all this time our country has
been marching, with giant strides, to wealth, grandeur
and renown; exhibiting an unparalleled example of pre
cocious greatness. In the very cradle of her infancy
she signalized herself by Herculean exploits—nay! she
sprang into existence, like Minerva from the head of
Jove, fullgroum at birth 1 Whatever errors may have
been committed, we should be in a great measure re
conciled by contemplating the present wealth, strength,
prosperity and glory of our country. It would be im
proper to dismiss this subject, without adverting to the
happy termination and glorious consequences of the last
war. It has produced a moral effect upon this nation,
which every one sees and feels. It has proved the val
or and strength of the people; it has tested the conser
vative and recuperative energies of our government; it
has resuscitated the languishing spirit of patriotism,
and rekindled the dying name of our national glory—it
lias harmonized political discord; conciliated the animo
sity of parties; cemented the union and friendship be
tween the sister states, and thereby consolidated the
scattered fragments of our national energy, into one im
mense and irresistible mass of physical power. Our
government is no longer considered an experiment.
With regard to this state, the utmost abilities of the
Georgian shall be devoted to its welfare. Commerce
and agriculture, which give to Georgia a distinguished
rank and importance in the union, shall be objects of
special attention—consequently, every species of inter
nal improvement which is calculated to advance the in
terests of either, will be regarded with a solicitous and
zealous eye. The improvement of our internal naviga
tion and the establishment of a liberal and enlightened
system of education, are measures of the highest im
portance to the welfare and reputation of Georgia, and
must be ardently recommended by every man who un
derstands the true policies of the state. Tlie improve
meqf , the wealth, growth and general prosperity of the
city ot Savannah w ill be studiously promoted,” and in
doing this, not only the interest of its inhabitants is con
sulted, but also the agricultual prosperity of the w hole
state. TEKMS.
The Georgian will be published daily for town sub
scribers, (eight months in the year) at* $8 per year—
Three times a week for country subscribers, at $5 pen
year: on good paper, with new type.
djf’TUe publication is expected to commence on tho
Ist November next.
Subscriptions received at the Office of the Darieti
Gazette.
Savannah, September 19—1
PROPOSALS,
For publishing by subscription ,
A NEW ANI) GREATLY IMPROVED
GEORGIA JUSTICE.
IT is designed to make this work not only a guide for
Justices of the peace, but a kind of Citizen’s .Manuel.
With that view, the dutieshf Clerks, Sheriffs, Coroners,
Tax-collectors.and Constables, Executors, Administra
tors and Guardians, as well as those of Justices, will be
explained—to which will be added many useful forms,
with directions for taking interrogatories, for conveying
real and personal property, and such other information
as may enable every citizen, of ordinary capacity, to
transact most of his law-business without the assistance
of an attorney.
A gentleman of respectable legal attainments is no\*
engaged in the compilation, in which he will be aided by
a professional character of deservedly high standing.—
To have the work as perfect as possible, it will be sub.
mitted for revision and correction, before it is printed, to
the Judges of the several Superior courts, and others
learned in the laws of the state.
Such a production has been long wanted—and as the
publishers will spare no pains nor expense to make it
useful, they rely with confidence on being liberally en
couraged in tins expensive and laborious undertaking.
It will be printed on good paper, witli anew type—will
be well bound, and form a huge octavo volume. The
I price to subscribers will not exceed five dollars each.
Any person obtaining twenty signatures, and becoming
responsible therefor, shall be entitled to a copy gratis.
Subscription papers are ready, and will be furnished,
on application, to those who will be active, in circulat
ing them. The work will be put to press as soon as
i compiled, provided a thousand subscribers shall ha\ c
been obtained. A list of the names of those who pat
ronize it, will be added.
In the above enterprize, we solicit the aid of every
public spiuiied individual.
„ S. & F. GRANTLAND.
MiUedgeville., May 15th, 1818. 2
(O’Subscnpuuua rciv4 at the •ffioe of the Ranch
Gaa#tt<i.