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About Daily chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1837-1876 | View Entire Issue (July 23, 1846)
CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL. . j. U . it \\. S. JONES. DAILY, I 111- WEEKLY AND WEEKLY. OFFICE IN RAILROAD BANK BUILDING. TERMS —Daily Paper, per annum, in advance $lO Tri-Weekly Paper, ” ” ” ” ...... 5 Weekly, (a mammoth sheet) ’ ” 2 For terms of Advertising, see first page. The Culture of the Fig. Below will be found a most interesting article upon the Culture of the Fig, taken from the St. Augustine Herald , the perusal of which we strongly recommend to our readers even in this section. Last winter, says the Savannah Re publican, we conversed with an experienced Horticulturist who had been spending some months in the South, and who expressed aston ishment that the culture ot the delicious fruit was so much neglected even in Florida. He gave it as his firm conviction that it could be produced for market in quantities and of a quali ty to compete with the foreign article. As an evidence of the fixedness of this conviction, he declared his purpose to return in the fall with the viewof embarking in the culture in the vicinity ot Lake Monroe. Although he considered that region better adapted than any other he had visi ted to the growth and flavor of the Fig, he ad ded that it could, in his opinion, with a little care, be produced at any point from Savannah south, particularly where the situation is not too humid. Conversing with an intelligent and practical Planter from South Carolina a few days subse quently on the subject, we staged these facts, when, to our surprise, he assured us that he had tried the experiment to his own satisfaction. He also handed us the following recipe for prepar ing Figs for market, which we lake the liberty to republish for the benefit of all concerned.— As the crop is now matured we would thank some of our curious Iriends to try the experi ment and give us the result for publication.— We are happy to say that recent advices from Carolina remind us that our correspondent has not forgotten his promise, and that our own ‘box of specimens” will make its appearance in due time: From (he Savannah Republican of May 4.. Dried Carolina Figs.— Messrs. Editors: For some time I have been of the impression that as good figs could be prepared in Georgia and Carolina as the imported. Accordingly last season 1 prepared a quantity, not for mar ket, but for family use. As fig season is ap proaching, and as the crop has the appearance ot being an abundant one, you, lor the benefit ot fig-growers, my plan of preparing them Gather the figs with the stems to them, before they are fully ripe; have a syrup prepar ed, either of brown or white sugar; and,while boiling, put in your figs and let them remain till they become flat, " which will be in a few minutes; take them out, put them in a dish or tray, and place them in the sun ; alter they have drained, place them in another tray, taking cate to turn them ; let them be turned and gently pressed down twice a day. Two or three days sunning is sufficient to cure them. Before box ing them, have some well dried loaf-sugar sift ed upon them—box them and they are ready for use. It is important that they be not allowed to stay too long in the boiling syrup—if they do, they can never be properly dried. I contemplate sending you a box this season for exhibition in the Savannah market. Carolinian. From Ihe St. Augustine Herald. The Fig.—No production of our soil is more fruitful or abundant than the Fig, and none more pleasant and grateful. It has come down to us with the blessings of generations heaped upon it, and become from our associations a link of interest between us and those olden limes when the patriarchs of India sat under its broad canopy, and set its delicious fruit before the weary stranger with the juice of the vine in hospitable welcome. But our intention was with the practical view of the subject. Although succeeding admirably in every por tion of our State, little comparative attention seems to have been given to its cultivation. In this City it is very common, but through the in terior it is seldom found, and even here we seem to be satisfied with holding on the old, worn out trees, without caring much for the size or the richness of the fruit—or making much effort for its improvement. The kinds most common here are the Blue and White Fig, and further than that they are blue and white, we seem to know out little about them. From the catalogues of Prince and others, it would appear as though there were a large numberof varieties of this fruit—Prince num bers forty-seven; but it is well to recollect that nursery men catalogue every thing and frequent ly the same species or variety by all the names by which they are christened—and persons de sirous of purchasing or obtaining new varieties, arc often disappointed at finding their fruit an old friend under a new name. The three market varieties are the Blue, the Brown, and the White. Os the Blue or Purple kinds, the Brunswick is described as being one of the best if not the very best. The fruit is very large, of Pear shape. The only specimen of this variety we believe in this city, is the one in the garden of Mrs. Geo. Anderson. A fig from this tree pluck ed last week weighed six and a half ounces.— It is a valuable variety, does well in this cli mate and affords two crops a year. The common blue fig is believed to be the va riety known as the Black Ischia. However, the Black Ischia, the Brown Ischia, and Black Ge noa seem to differ but little in their appearance. Theskin of these is dark and the pulp in col our, purple of the Brown Ischia, bright red of the Black Genoa, and deep red of the Black Is chia. The small Ischia. Violette and Violelte de Bordeaux are varieties resembling the Ischias, but ol lesser size and seem from the description to possess no peculiar qualities. The next variety which we find grown here is the Malta Fig, which is described as a small but very rich Fig, which will hangon the tree un til it begins to shi ink and becomes “a fine sweet • meat.” Fruit much narrowed at the stalk, skin light brown—pulp reddish, and of a very sweet rich flavour. It droops when ripe and may readi ly be dried in the sun. This fruit we think, perhaps, the most valuable kind for cultivation here. It is not attacked by birds, and is a healthy and vigorous tree, and possesses the superior advantage of being easily dried. Thereare two or three trees of this variety in this neighbor hood, one at the residence ot Mr. G. 11. Fair banks, and one at the house of Mr. D. 11. Dun ham. Os the white or yellow Fig& seem to have two varieties out of the five known. The com mon kind, which is very abundant here, is not described accurately in the Books, although we believe it to be the large white Genoa. t{ u t the Pulp is not red, but white. It is an abundant bearer and a very excellent fruit, hardy and vigorous. A tree at the residence of the late Judge Smith in this city, is supposed to be over one hundred years old and is of an immense size, sufficient to shelter the entire family ol one of , the older Patriarchs, with his wife and child-en, bis man-servants, his maid-servants, &c. There is also a small yellow Fig, of which there seems to be a few in this city, which is a very delicious fruit, which may be the White Ischia of the Books. There are actually some fifteen or sixteen va rieties of (he Fig, but some seem rather ot the dwarf species and fit for cultivation only in the Northerh hot-houses. But the Brunswick, Mai ta and White Ischia, we think should be intro duced more generally. The cultivation ol the Fig seems much neg lected here, but we believe that no tree better tepaysthe care and labor spent upon it, and many ofthe diseased and unsightly trunks which are but too common, would become truitful and beautiful trees, it “dug around,” pruned and cared lor —the size of the fruit, its flavor and abundance are in precise proportion to its means of sustenance. Rich soil does not injure the Fig; but the best method of applying compost is to trench the tree around some distance from the trunk, fill up the trench nearly even with the surface with rich compost, and then fill up with oyster shells, bones, &c.; the young shoots which spring up around the trunk should be entirely kept down. For propagation, cuttings with two or three inches of the previous year’s wood from healthy branches, are generally the most successful. The following list contains all the varieties named by Downing in his work on Fruit Trees. Class First — Red , Brown , or Purple Figs. — Ist. Brunswick, 2d, Brown Turkey, 3d. Black Ischia, 4th. Brown Ischia, sth. Black Genoa, 6th. Malta, 7th. Small Brown Ischia, Bth. Vio letta, 9th. Violette de Bordeaux. Class Second —Fruit White , Green , or Yellow. loth. Angelique, 11th. Large White Genoa, 12th. Marseilles, 13th. Nerii, 14th, Preqnessa ta, 15. White Ischia. I have heard of a White Fig in the upper part of Georgia, of a superior character, of a differ ent description from any ofthe above, which may be a valuable variety to introduce, ofwhich we have the promise of some cuttings. D. Fico. Chronicle curt Sentinel. AUGUSTA, G THURSDAY MORNING, JULY 23, 1846. Whig Nomination for Congress. FOR REPRESENTATIVE FROM THE EIGHTH DISTRICT: ROBERT TOOMBS. Our Weekly.—A copious synopsis of the Cambria’s news will be found in our weekly of this moraing, together with the general news of the week, commercial intelligence, editorials, miscellany, &c., &c. Official Intrusion. On Tuesday last, we took occasion to censure the conduct of the officers of the Cabinet for leaving their appropriate duties, to influence members of Congress in their action on the Graduation Land bill. The Constitutionalist, in a brief article yesterday, alluding to our views, says : “The best remedy we can recommend the Whigs, who should share in the apprehensions of the Chronicle, is to send members to Congress that they can trust.” This Might pass for pretty good wit, I f official interference had been made by Waig officers with a view to influence Whig members. But the effort happened to be made by Democratic ministers to influence Democratic members. It was notorious, that some of these latter members were not only kicking in the traces but were dis posed to jump clear out of them. They were the ones who had to be tamed by command, or soothed by words of significant kindness. The Whigs have members there “ that they can trust;” it seems the Democrats have some that can’t be left to their own judgments. Our neighbor says further : “ The only other suggestion that occurs to us, would be to pass a law that the fascinating pre sence of the cabinet officers should be abolished from the halls of Congress. This would be shew ing rather too great solicitude for the morals of the members. But in such a case we would sug gest, by Way of amendment, that the hordes of manufacturers who infest the lobbies with a view to cajole, or to overawe members, or to get up panics, should also be excluded. They should not be forgotten, when corruption is the topic.” There is a great difference between Cabinet officers looking on at the proceedings of Con gress, and trying to influence the votes of mem bers. It is a little singular that while a favorite measure ofthe “party” was in imminent dan ger, every member of the Cabinet but one should be so earnestly “talking in whispers” to the members of Congress, and that, too, while the “ fight” was going on with a closeness, and doubtfulness as to the result, hardly ever known before. We want no such “ law” as the Consti tutionalist refers to, but we desire a moral influ ence to prevent such occurrences again. Cabi net officers and manufacturers occupy very diffe rent positions. The first are servants of the people, who would do well to at tend to the duties assigned them; the latter are a part of the peo ple, who have a perfect right to try and protect their interest. It is a right guarantied to the people by the Constitution to be represented in Congress, and it is certainly right and proper for them to confer with those representatives in per son, if they desire it. Is it “ corruption” forthe constituent to advise and confer epresent ative ? Ad Valorem Duties. Anti-tariff members ot Congress and Editors of papers, have constantly asserted that no frauds have been, or will be committed under the policy of ad valorem dutits. Every dry goods firm in Boston, and thirty leading houses in New York have memorialized the Senate, remonstrating against such duties. This has been done too without distinction of party, and by shrewd, intelligent, and practical men, the ground of opposition being, chiefly, th c frauds by which the Government will be cheated of its revenue, and the honest importer injured. These memorialists are business men, who know what they are doing, and who have learn ed their lessons in the schools of experience and practical business. The Democratic Convention held at Fayette-, villc on the 13th inst. nominated Hon. Hugh A Haralson for re-election. In the sixth, Hon. H. Cobb is the recognized candidate, by the resolutions of meetings sever al counties of that district. University of Georgia.-Io addition to the collegiate exercises at the coming commence ment of this Institution, the commencement ser mon will be delivered on Sunday, August 2d, by the Rev. Bishop Elliott. On the afternoon of the following Tuesday an Oration before ihe Alumni will be delivered by Jas. W. Harris, Esq. On Tuesday the 6th, an Oration before the Literary Societies, by James L. Penigru, Esq., of South Carolina. Rar. Dr. Bascom, the eloquent Western divine already President of the Transylvania Univerily has been selected by (he Southern Methodist General Conference as editor of their Southern quarterly Review. Letter of the Horn Robert Toombs. We copy the following letter ol Mr. Toombs from the Constitutionalist of yesterday. It ful ly shows, what we confidemly expected, that he was misunderstood, or misrepresented. The Constitutionalist makes an extract from the report of Mr. Toombs’ speech, in the New York Journal of Commerce, by which Mr, T.’s remarks were incorrectly presented to the pub lic, and says: “We derived our information of what he did say, Irom the repoueis lor the newspapers. If they misrepresented him, it is no fault of ours.” House of Representatives, ? Washington, July 17,1846,5 James Gardner, Jr., Esq; — Sir— ln your pa per of the 13th inst., you say “Mr. Toombs in his speech on the Tariff in reply to Mr. Hunter, of Virginia, is represented as stating that cotton un der the compiomise bill was lower than at any sub sequent period. That three years prior to the passage of the bill of 1842 it was lower than it ever has been since, and that after the tariffof 1842, and owing to the tariff of 1842, cotton went up in price. ,, I never mads one of the statements attributed to me in the above extract. They are all utterly incorrect in each and every particular. Mr. Hun ter, of Virginia, in attempting to enforce and sus tain the favorite theory of his particular school of polities, that low duties increased the price of agricultural products, referred to tables showing that the average price of cotton during the com promise bill was greater than under the act of 1842. In reply to that argument, I showed that in the first four years of the compromise, when the duties were high, and higher than at any sub sequent period of that bill, that cotton was high est, and that during the last three years when the duties were lowest, cotton was lower than at any other period of the compromise bill; whereas, if Mr. Hunter’s theory had have been sound, cotton ought to have been higher the last three years of the compromise than the first three. I endeavored to show that his own facts disproved his theory. The fables which you print in the same article to which lam referring, Irom “Hunt’s Magazine,” were the same which 1 relied upon, and they do ‘ test the truth of Mr. Toombs’ assertion,” and prove the precise fact which I stated, and show' “the facts {of the free-traders) are sometimes as illusory as (their) argument.” It is my opinion, and I endeavored to sustain it by argument and facts in my speech on the Ist inst., that the encourage ment of the manufacture of cotton in this country is \ cneficial to the cotton planter. That spcoch will be submitted to my coustitutents at an ear ly day, as soon as my public engagements will permit me to prepare it for the press. I am respect fully your obedient servant, _ . R. TOOMBS. Pennsylvania Fraud. The scene in the Senate on Saturday, which is described below, must have suffused the cheeks of Democratic Senators with the blush of shame, if they be not insensible. Vice President Dallas, especially, must have felt himself capable of sneak ing into a very small aperture, when a Demo cratic Senator from Pennsylvania, should confess before the Senate the open and gross fraud by which he held his place. “Mr. Cameron presented the proceedings of a Democratic meeting in Northumberland county, Pa,, against the repeal of the Tariff of 1842. Mr. C. said the panic talked of really existed and was spreading—it extended all over Pennsylvania. It was not a Whig panic, but a Democratic panic. “Mr. Webster made observations in relation to the closing remarks of Sir Robert Peel in his last speech. He said that all eyes in England were turned to the action of Congress on the Tariff By a document just presented, it would appear, that a contrary blast was coming from Pennsyl vania. Mr. W. asked the Senators from Pennsyl vania whether Polk, Dallas and the Tariff of 1842 was not on all the banners in Pennsylvania,during the electioneering campaign of 1844 ? “Mr. Cameron said they were, and the first could not have been elected without the last. The Tariff'was paramount to all other considera tions.” For the Chronicle and Sentinel. Mr. Editor —A short notice of an examination of the pupils of Pleasant Grove Academy , Bots ford, Burke County, may not be deemed unworthy of a place in your excellent journal. This insti tution,for the last eighteen months, has been under the superintendence of Mr. Richard S. Scruggs, whose labors among the citizens of this and the adjacent county, have been rewarded in the esti mation placed upon him as an instructor of youths. This examination merits notice, from the fact, apart from all other circumstances of its having been an entire departure from the plan generally received and adopted by our public instructors, in preparing their pupils for occasions of similar character. It is not unknown to the public that the initiatory steps to a public examination, gen erally occupy at least three or four week.s, and wheu the schools are very large, the time extends to not less than two or three months. The intention is clearly (in vulgar parlance,) to make a good show. The lessons and exercises are selected for the occa sion, and the pupils are thoroughly drilled into their mechanical performance ; and the overburdened memory gladly throws off its load during the re laxation of the vacation that usually follows The whole performance is mechanical, from that which ushers in, to that which closes this all-im portant occasion, and children in whose minds should have been implanted new ideas, and who should ever be induced to clothe them in their own language, are seen moving thtougli tho routine of their prescribed duties with all the stateliness and precision of automata. And this is considered a fair exhibit of the proficiency of the pupils, and custom, under its iron rule, has rendered it apparently satisfactory to the respective parties most inter ested. One reason, perhaps, why this should have been so generally received and sanctioned, has been from the generally received impression that no other preparatory steps would answer. But it rawst be icgarded as not only defective in the ex treme, but altogether injurious to the interests of the parent, while it altogether fails to beaefit the pupil. Mr. Scruggs stated at the commencement of his examination, that he hoped his friends would not criticise the exercises too rigidly, as he had made no preparation, but presented his classes, to use a common phrase, off-hand. He was aware that they could not appear to such advantage, under these circumstances, as many might be led to ex pect, but he begged them to observe that as far as his students exhibited any proficiency, it would be shown, in replying to such questions as were pro pounded to them, in their own language. His plan of instruction required the pupil to make use of his own language in all cases, as his aim was a thorough comprehension of the subject of instruc tion, by the pupil, and this could be only ascer tained in requiring the student to select his own words. The classes were examined in the usual branches of an English course, and one or two of the pupils were examined in the rudiments of the Latin lan guage. The latter, as far as we were capable of judging, evinced considerable proficiency. Mr. Scruggs was occasionally aided, in examining his classes, by Dr. G. B. Powell. Ere the examina tion of the scholars was brought to a close, the ladies and gentlemen were requested to repair to the tabler and partake of a barbacue which had f or the occasion. After doing full jU , ~ v ... , inner, which was excellent in all its arrangements, the guests once more repaired to I the Academy to witness the close of the exercises, j At the close of the examination, Mr. S. address ed a very large and attentive audience for a few minutes in defence of his plan. He stated that he was aware that he would be looked upon as an I innovator upon an old and much esteemed prac tice; but he was unwilling, feeling as he did the heavy responsibility which rested upon him as a teacher, to follow a system which he believed in jurious to the interests of the patrons of the insti tution and not in the least calculated to increase its reputation. The sole aim of the instructor should be the advancement of his pupils, his sys tem of instruction should ever be adapted to their respective wants, never confined to books when oral instruction could be of more advantage. He was fully aware, that the adoption of this plan would increase the labor of the teacher, but if his motives were not of the most mercenary character, he would not willingly neglect any means for the rapid advancement of his scholars. He knew there were some professing to be teachers, who considered their obligations to their patrons and to those entrusted to their care, sufficiently dis charged in the recitation of a certain number of lessons in a given time; but to them he would say, they had never felt that interest in the welfare of their pupils that an instructor should ever feel. The temple of Fame upon the hill of Science, they may perhaps have shown to them, but they were left alone to grope their w T ay, and if they found their way only to the base of the hill, no credit was due their professed guide. There was another fact he stated iu his remarks, to which he wished to call the attention of parents and guardians. They considered the duties they owed their child ren and posterity fully discharged In the mere fact of sending their children and wards to school, but few inquiries were ever afterwards made as to their improvement, and in many instances this was the case, when the qualifications of the teach er w’erc, to say the least, but little known. Want of time was often pleaded as a sufficient excuse, but would this plea avail when such important in terests were at stake ? The future destiny ct our country was measurably committed to the care of the public instructor, and this feeling should in duce us to look well to those whom we have ap pointed guardians. Around our children were en twined the warmest affections of our hearts, and mere prudence, apart from other high considera tions, should induce us to see to their religious, as well as moral and intellectual culture. Oar in stitutions were peculiar in their character, and our negligence in this matter, to say the least, was highly culpable in allowing impressions and sen timents to be imbibed inimical to them. Who shall say that the streams of moral pollution which sweep through society and arc sapping the very foundations of our government, are not at tributable to this want of supervision on their part ? But we have already extended this com munication far beyond what we intended, yet we regret that in this hasty sketch we have been un able to do that justice to the remarks of Mr. S. which they deserve. His remarks made consider able impression upon us, and noticing them we could but catch something of their spirit. Wc know and feel that patrons of schools have ne glected entirely to much visiting their schools, and witnessing the private examination of the scholars. This remark will apply with equal force to parents and guardians who live in cities, where their op portunities are greater. The exercises, in conformity with the advertise ment, were terminated by an exhibition com mencing precisely at candle-light. The pre paratory rehearsal of the single pieces and dia* logues did not extend beyond five or six times, and the sentiments, emphasis and action were illustrated by facts taken from every day’s obser vation, and the performance of the young gentle men was highly creditable to ihcrn. Our sole object iu this communication has not been to puff'Mr. S. or his institution,(it already numbering as many as he can conveniently attend to,) hut simply to call the attention of the public to this mateilal defect, (as we believe it to be,) in our system of public instruction, and to point out an all-important duty which has been neglect ed so long. If these remarks of ours should be the means of bringing about this reform, we shall be amply rewarded in the thought that we have done something worthy of our time. CRITO. From the Evening News. Mr. Editor: — The following statement in your paper of yesterday has drawn my attention : “The great Bridge case in the Courts of Geor gia, has been decided in favor of Mr. Shultz. The amount involved is over $595,000.” The amount involved, sir, is correct, but that the Court has decided in my favor is incorrect. The Court has, as yet. not decided either for or against,nor do I know one syllable in what man ner it may or will decide. And as I may haye caused this error, it is but fair that I should ex plain and correct it, because the public is deeply interested on both sides and should not be deluded. After Judge Berrien had concluded his argument as one of my counsel, in the case on Thursday, the 9th instant, the public feeling became aroused, ex pressions grew warm and general, and eight out of twelve, except those immediately interested, (of the community) did declare in my favor; others that the Stock of the Bank had fallen 20 per cent., and others that I ought not to succeed at all, because it would break the Bank and many people would be ruined by it. On Saturday, the 11th instant, Mr. Pettigru closed his argument in fa vor of the Bank and of the case, after which I im mediately wrote some ten or twelve letters to my friends in different parts, among them the Editors of the Hamburg Journal, of which the following ia a copy: Savannah. July 11.1846, “My Dear Sir:—A few days’ battle has been fought and the Victory is ours, and Judge Berrien, the great Berrien, is the man who struck that fa • tal blow. Yours, truly, Henry Shultz.” Yes, sir, and well may I call this a Victory, for ■ it was a full and a fair trial. Such as I was never able to obtain during the twenty-five years pend ing of the case. Delay and baffling, in o ffer to await my death, was resorted to—ia shor. it was a settled determination among the parlies, hereto- I fore, for me never to have a fair trial, but thank Heaven, their base doings have been overcome at last. And as for breaking the Bank, what have I to do with that—l want ray own, and nothing but my own do I want, let the consequences be what it may to the Bank. And wxs it not my money and my labor then that has sustained and upheld that Bank for this quarter of a century ? Let it be broken. Iu conclusion, as fortune has smiled on me thus far in obtaining, for which I have suffer ed in every privation that human nature could suf fer, a full and a fair trial, by the highest tribunal of my country, for my just right has been awarded me, I will abide the Decree of that, Coert be what it may. The Supreme Court will, of course, give its final Decree upon it. HENRY SHULTZ. Charleston, July 18, 1846. Death of a Volunteer.— Caleb J. McNulty a private in the Ohio Volunteers, died on Saturday, the 11th inst,, near Memphis, on board the stea mer Jamestown, and was interred with all military hoaors at Helena, Ark, on the 12th inst Sir Robert Peel’s Speech. 1 Sir Robert’s speech in explanation ot the step he had taken, in the House ol Commons, was ' brief, eloquent and in an admirable spirit. At- ' ter stating that the refusal of the House to sanc tion the Ministerial measures lor the suppres sion of outrage in Ireland, was the cause ol his resignation, Sir Robert proceeded to review Ihe events ol his administration. It his commer cial policy had failed, he says he should have advised a dissolution of Parliament: in the pre sent case, however, he declines to do so. He declares his belief that there ought to be established between England and Ireland equalitu in all civil, and municipal and political rights. As to the new administration he pre sumes it will pursue the policy which will give a tree commercial intercourse with other coun tries He adds that during his administration the Indian Empire has been rendered more sta ble: the national defences increased: and final ly peace with America secured. His remarks upon this subject, which are of the greatest in terest and importance, we copy entire as fol lows : 1 said, lastly—but I have reserved one topic, on w hich 1 also think I may, without any un seemly boast or invidious contrast, saj a few words. 1 think I may take credit to her Majes ty’s Government, at least to that distinguished member of it, less prominent, perhaps, in de bate, than others, but as deserving of public credit for the exertions which he has made in the maintenance ol peace—(loud cheers)—l mean my noble friend the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs—(loud cheers)—he has dared to avow that he thinks in a Christian country there is a moral obligation upon a Christian Minister to exhaust every effort be fore incurring the risk of war, (Loud cheers ) Bat while he has not shrunk from the avowal of that opinion, 1 will in justice to him say this —it is perfectly consistent with that opinion, as to the moral obligation of maintaining peace while peace can be maintained with honor, that there never was a Minister less inclined to sa crifice any essential interest, or abate anything from the dignity and honor of his country, for the purpose of securing even that inestimable blessing. (Cheers.) Sir, I do hope that we leave the foreign relations of this country in a satisfactory state— (loud cheers) —that, speak ing not only of France, but speaking of the other great powers of Europe, there is confi dence in the intentions of this country, and a real desire on the part of the Governments ol other powers to co-operate with us in the main tenance of peace. Sir, it is that mutual confidence in the honor and intentions of public men which most facili tates the maintenance of peace. We come in conflict with France in distant parts ot the world; there are heated partisans naturally and justly jealous of the honor ot their respective countries; quarrels, small in themselves, might be magnified by the spirit of jealousy, and a too nice rivalry about national honor might easily be fomented into a cause of war, desolating na tions, unless the counsels of the great powers were presided over by those who, feeling peace to be the true interest ol the civilized world, are determined that the heated passions of angry partisans shall not involve their respective coun tries in war. (Loud cheers.) Sir, if anything could have induced me to regret a decision on the part ot the House prematurely terminating the existence of the Government, it would have been the wish that we should havesurvived the day when intelligence might be received from the United States (loud cheers) ?s to the result ot, perhaps, our last attempt to adjust those dif ferences between this country and the United Sta : es, which, unless speedily terminated, might have involved us in war. The Hose will pro bably recollect that, after we had offered arbitra tion, and that offer had been rejected, the Presi dent of the United States sent a message to the House of Congress in that country, which led to discussions with regard to the termination of that convention which provided for a temporary adjustment ol our differences, at least tor a tem porary avoidance of quarrel,—andenablethe tv o countries jointly to occupy the territory of the Oregon. Sir, the two Houses of the American Congress, advising the President of the United Slates to signify to this country, as he was em powered to do, the termination of the existing convention, by giving a j ear’s notice, added to that advice, which might, perhaps, have been considered of an unsatisfactory or hostile char acter, the declaration that they advised the no tice lor the termination of the convention to be given, in order that it might lacilitate an ami cable adjustment of the dispute. We thought the addition ot these words by those high authorities, ihe expression ol a hope that a termination of the convention might the more strongly impress upon two countries the necessity of amicable adjustment—we thought those expressions removed any barrier to a re newal by eithet country ot (he attempt to settle this difference. We did not hesitate, there fore, within two days after the receipt ot that in telligence of a wish expressed by the Houses cf Congress thatefforls might be made for the peace ful termination of these disputes, although the offer of abitration had been rejected,—we did not hesitate to do that which, in the present state of the dispute, it became essential to do, —not to propose renewed and lengthened negotia tions, but to specify frankly and at once what were the terms on which we could consent to a partition of the country of the Oregon. Sir, the President of the United States, I must say, whatever might have been the expressions here tofore used by him, and however strongly he might have been personally committed to the adoption ot a different course, wisely and pa triotically determined at once to reler our pro posals to the Senate - that authority of the Uni ted States whose consent is requisite tor the termination ot any negotiation of this kind, and the Senate, again acting in the same spirit, has, I have the heartfelt satisfaction to state, at once advised the adoption of the terms we offered them. [Loud cheers.] Sir, perhaps from the importance of the subject, and considering this is the last day 1 shall have to address the Llouse as a Minister of the Crown, I may be allowed to stale what are the terms of the proposals we made to the United States c n ihe Oregon tion. In order to prevent the necessity for re newed diplomatic negotiations, we sent a con vention, which we trust the United States would accept. The first article of that convention was to this effect, that-- “ From the point on the 49ih parallel of north latitude, where the boundary laid down in ex isting treaties and conventions between Great Britain and the United States terminates, the line of boundary between the territories of her Britannic Majesty and those of the United Slates shall be continued westward along the said 49th parallel ot north latitude to the mid dle ot the channel which separates the conti nent from Vancouver’s island, and thence southerly through the middle of the said chan nel, and to Fuca’s Straits, to the Pacific Ocean ; provided, however, that the navis alien of the said channel and straits, south of the 49th parallel of north latitude, remain free and open to both parties.” Those who remember the local conformation of that country will understand that we proposed the continuation ot the 49th parallel ot latitude till it strikes the Straits ol Fuca ; that it should not be continued across Vancouver’s Island,— thus depriving us ot Vancouvet’s Island—but leaving us in possession ol the whole of Van couver’s Island. Sir, the second article of the convention we sent for the acceptance of the United States was to this effect—that “ From the point at which the 49th parallel of north latitude shall be found to intersect the great northern branch of the Columbia river the navigation of the said branch shall be free and open to the Hudson’s Bay Company, and to all British subjects trading with the same to the point where the said branch meets the main stream of the Columbia, and thence down the said main stream to the ocean, with free access into and through the said river or rivers, it be ing understood that all the usual portages along the line thus described shall in like manner be free and open. In navigating the said river or f rivers, British subject*, v. iai ihtir goods and produce, shall be treated on the same looting as citizens of the United States, it being, however, always understo. d that nothing in this article shall be construed as preventing, or intended to prevent, the Government ot the United Stages from making any regulations respecting the navigation of the said river or rivers not incon sistent with the present treaty." Sir, 1 will not occupy the attention of the House with any more of the details ol this con vention. (Cheers.) 1 would only slate that, on this very day on my return from my mission to her Majesty' to offer the resignation ol her Majesty’s servants, 1 had the salislaction of finding an official letter from Mr. Pakenham, intimating in the lollowing terms the acceptance ot our proposals, and giving an assurance ol the immediate termination ot our differences with the United States: — “Washington, June 13ih, 1840. “My Lord—ln conformity with what I nad the honor to state in ray despatch No. 68, of the 7ih inst., the President sent a message on Wednesday last to the Senate, submitting for the opinion of that body the draught of a con vention for the settlement of the Oregon ques tion, which I was instructed by your lordship’s despatch, No. 19, of the 18th ot May, to propose for the acceptance of the United States. “After a few hours' deliberation on each of the three days, 38 votes to 12, adopted yester day evening a resolution advising the President to accept the terms proposed by her Majesty’s Government. The President did not hesitate to act on this advice, and Mr. Buchanan accord ingly sent for me this morning, and informed me that the conditions offered by her Majesty’s Government were accepted by the Government of the United Stales, without the addition or alteration of a single word.” —I have the honor to be, &c. R PAKENHAM, “ The Rt. Lion, the Earl of Aberdeen, K. T,, &c.” (Loud and continued cheering.) Thus, sir, these two great nations, impelled. I believe, by the public opinion, which ought to guide and influence statesmen, have, by moderation— by the spirit ot mutual compromise, averted that dreadful calamity ol a war between two nations of kindred race and common language —(loud cheers) —the breaking out of which would have involved the civilized world in ca lamities toan extent it is difficult to foresee (not one year—probably not one momh of such a war, but would have been mure expensive than the whole territory that had called it forth ;) but they have averted that war, 1 believe consistent ly with their true interests —consistently with perfect honor on the part of the American Gov ernment, and on the part of those who have at lengt h closed, 1 trust, every cause of difference between the two countries. (Loud cheers.) Sir, I may say. also, to the credit of the Go vernment of this country, that, so far from be ing influenced in our views in regard to the ter mination ot these disputes about the Oregon by breaking out of war with Mexico, we distinctly intimated to Mr. Pakenham, that although un expected events had occurred, it did not affect, in the slightest degree, our desire for peace. (Cheeis.) Mr. Pakenham, knowing the spirit ol his Government, being aware of the occur rence of these hostilities, having a discretiona ry power in certain cases, if he had thought this offer wo'uld have been likely to prolong ne gotiations, or diminish the chance of a success ful issue, yet wisely thought the occurrence of Mexican hostilities with the United States was not one of the cases to which we had adverted, and therefore most wisely did he tender this of fer of peace to the United States on his own dis cretion, and the confidence ot his Government. Now let me say, and I am sure this House will think it to the credit ot my noble friend, that on the occurrence of these hostilities be tween Mexico and the United States, before we were aware of the reception which this offer on our part would meet with, the first packet that sailed tendered to the United Stales the offer of our good offices tor the purpose of mediating between them and the Mexican Government.— Sir, I do rejoice, therefore, that before surrender ing power at the feet ol a majority of this House, 1 had the opportunity of giving them the official assurance that every cause of quarrel with that great country on the other side ot the Atlantic is terminated before we retire from office. In concluding his icmarks’Sir Robert paid a very high compliment to Mr. Cobdeu, to whom he at tributed ail the merit of having passed the new Corn Law. The Earl of Aberdeen, in the course of some re marks in the House of Lords upon the adjustment of the Oregon question, thus alluded to the Amer ican Minister. — “Gratifying as that Intelligence was, (the arri val of the Hibernia’s news,) he felt it an act of duty andjustice, and it was a duty of as much plea sure as justice, to pay his tribute to the friendly and conciliatory course which bad been adopted by the United States Min ister in this country. He had long known him, and he had had reason to re spect hi n in an official capacity some fifteen years ago. He was certain that by every means in his (the American Minister’s) power, he had contri buted to the present result. He was certain that there was no person in that House, or this country, who more coidially participated in the satisfac tion which they might experience than Mr. M’Lane the American Minister.” Augusta female Seminary.—MßS JAMES ADAM respectfully informs her friends and the public, that her School for a limited number of young ladies will be re-opened on Monday, September Ist. Hours ot tuition from 9 to 12, and from 3 to 5 o’clock. Terms made known on application at the Se minary, N 0.300 Broad-street. [aul9 trlfj REFERENCES: Rev.E. E. Ford, D.D. 1 H.C. Bryson, Esq. and L. A. Dcgas M.D.; |B. F. Chew, Esq. XjT REMOVAL.—The subscriber has re moved his Drug establishment to the first door below the Mechanics’ Bank, where he will be happy to see his customers. All articles in the Drug line will be sold very low. Fresh and pure family medicines kept on hand, and warranted. Also—paints, oils and brushes spices and perfumery, glass, putty, &c., &c. J. E. MARSHALL, ap2B successor to T. I. Wray. .JOB PklMihG. OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, PLAIN AND FANCY Embracing Business Cards, I Law Blanks,al 1 kind Visiting do. | Warehouse do. Circulars, Bill Heads, Bank Checks, Receipts, in blank. Hand Bills, large or Pamphlets, small, any color. Labels, &c. &£•■ ® EXECUTE 1 ) WITH NEATNESS AND DEftPAIoa AT THIS OFFICE, and in a style not inferior to any e tablishment in the Southern Stales. MARR I E D On the 15th inst., bv the Rev. Wtn. H. Davis, of Abbeville District, S. C., J. M. Mokagnb, »• D., to Miss Mary A , only daughter and young est child of Robert Fleming, Esq., of Linco Ga. , They twain, shall one most truly be The joys o’ life to double, They only shall be twain , we hope. When they must halve its trouble- Together let them live and love, Together let them stay, Together let them onward move To Heaven’s eternatjtay^^^^^^^^g *O3 1° On the 11th inst.. at his residence in Green* county, Ga., Col. Robert Hubbard, m year of his age, after a short ifiness^^^^^^gy COMMERCIAL AUGUSTA MARKET. Wednesday, F. d®* Cotton.— Since the .nival of the I .t. fcrei*" .nffici.n. time h« no. elep.ed .0 .how ... •»**£ oor ma. K... *nd w. .hereto. on.il - n g, however, .h.. the few e.le. made >o dw eh decline upon previous rates.
