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UNITED STATES AND MEXICO.
We give the most conspicuous place in our
columns to-day to the Official History of the
President’s Confidential Message to the Senate
(prior to his public Message to both Houses)
and the Proceedings ot the Senate thereon;
which we are enabled to do by the injunction
of secresy having been removed therefrom on
the motion of a Senator friendly to the Ad
ministration. The subject of these papers and
proceedings is ol entirely too great importance
to require from us any invitation to our read
ers to give them an attentive persual.— lni.
Proceedings of the Senate,
And Documents communicated thereto, from which
the injunction of secresy has been removed, in
relation to Affairs between ike United States
and Mexico.
IN EXECUTIVE SESSION SENATE OF THE UNI
TED STATES.
Tuesday, August I, 1846.
The following Message was received from
the President ot the United States by Mr, Wal
ker, his Secretary;
[Confidential]
Washington, August 4,1846.
To the Senate of the United States :
1 herewith communicate to the Senate the
copy of a letter, under date of the 27th ultimo,
from the Secretary of State of the United States
to the Minister of Foreign Relations of the
Mexican Republic, again proposing to open
negotiations and conclude a treaty cf peace,
which shall adjust all the questions in dispute
between the two Republics. Considering the
relative power of the two countries, the glorious
events which have already signalized our arms,
and the distracted condition of Mexico, I did
not conceive that any point of national honor
could exist which ought to prevent me from
making this overture. Equally anxious to ter
minate, by a peace honorable for both parlies,
as 1 was originally to avoid the existing war, I
have deemed it my duty again to extend the ol
ive branch to Mexico. Should the Government
of that Republic accept the offer in the same
friendly spirit by which it was dictated, nego
tiations will speedily commence lor the con
clusion of a treaty.
The chief difficulty to be anticipated in the
negotiation is the adjustment of the boundary
between the parlies, by a line which shall at
once be satisfactory and convenient to both,
and such as neither will hereafter be inclined
to disturb. This is the best mode of securing
perpetual peace and good neighborhood be
tween the two Republics. Should the Mexi
can Government, in order to accomplish these
objects, be willing to cede any portion of their
territory to the United States, we ought to pay
them a fair equivalent; a just and honorable
peace, and not conquest, being our purpose in
the prosecution ol ihe war.
Under these circumstances, and considering
the exhausted and distracted condition of the
Mexican Republic, it might become necessary,
in order to restore peace, that I should have it
in my power to advance a portion of the con
sideration money lor any cession of territory
which may be made. The Mexican Govern
ment might not be willing to wait for the pay
ment of the whole until the treaty could be rati
fied by the Senate, and an appropriation to car
ry it into effect be made by Congress; and the
necessity for such a delay might defeat the ob
ject altogether, i would, therefore, suggest
whether it might not be wise for Congress to
appropriate a sum such as they might consider
adequate for this purpose, to be paid, if neces
sary, immediately up< n the ratification of the
treaty by Mexico. This disbursement would,
of course, be accounted for at the Treasury, not
as secret service money, but like other expendi
tures.
Two precedents for such a proceeding exist
in our past history, during the admioistiation
of Mr. Jefferson, to which I would call your
attention. On the 26th February, 1803, Con
gress passed an act appropriating $2,000,000
“lor the purposed defraying any extraordinary
expenses which may be incurred in the inter
course between the United States and foreign
nations,” “to be applied under the discretion of
the President ot the United States, who shall
cause tin account of the expenditure thereof to
be laid before Congress as soon as may be;”
and on the 13th February, 1806, an appropria
tion was made ot the same amount and in the
same terras. The object in the first place was
to enable the President to obtain the cession of
Louisiana, andin the second that of the Floridas.
In neither case was the money actually drawn
from the Treasury; and I should hope that the
result might be similar in this respect, on the
present occasion, though the appropriation is
deemed expedient as a precautionary measure.
1 refer the whole subject to the Senate in
Executive session. If they should concur in
opinion with me, then 1 recommend the pas
sage of a law appropriating such a sum as Con
gress may deem adequate, to be used by the
Executive, if necessary, for the purpose which
1 have indicated.
In the two cases to which I have referred, the
special purposed the appropriation did not ap
pear on the face of the Jaw, as this might have
defeated the object; neither, for the same rea
son, in my opinion ought it now to be stated.
I also communicate to the Senate the copy
of a letter from the Secretary of State to Com
modore Conner, of the 27th ultimo, which was
transmitted to him on the day ii bears date.
JAMES K. POLK.
The message was read.
[The following communications, dated 27th
July, from the Secretary of State, communicated
with the preceding message arc inserted here
in connection with the message, (although not
a part ot the journal,) in preference to making
them an appendix:
Department op State,
Washington, July 27, 1846.
Sir: The President of the United States, no
less anxious to terminate than he was to avoid
the present unhappy war with the Mexican Re
public, has determined to make an effort to ac
complish this purpose. He has accordingly in
structed the undersigned, Secretary of State, to
propose through your Excellency to the Mexi
can Government, that negotiations shall forth
with commence for the conclusion of a peace
just and honorable for both parties. Should
this offer be received and responded to by the
Mexican Government in the same frank and
friendly spirit by which it has been dictated, he
will immediately despatch an Envoy Extraor
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the city
of Mexico, with instructions and full powers
to conclude a treaty of peace wnich shall adjust
all the questions in dispute between the two
Republics. If the Mexican Government should
prefer to send a Minister to Washingten to con
duct the negotiation here, he shall be received
with kindness and respect, and every effort
shall he made to accomplish the object of his
mission with the least possible delay.
In the present communication it is deemed
useless, and might prove injurious, to discuss
the causes ol the existing war. This might
tend to delay or defeat the restoration of peace.
The past is already consigned to history; the
future, undvr Providence, is within our’own
power.
The occasion may, however be embraced, to
state that the President has ever cherished the
kindest feelings for Mexico, and that one of the
first wishes of his heart is, that she may be a
powerful and prosperous republic, in perpetual
amity with the United States.
Commodore Conner will transmit this de
spatch for your Excellency to the Governor ol
Vera « ?az, under a flag ol truce; and you are
respectfully invited-to adopt the same channel
for communicating your answer.
I avail myself of this occasion to offer your
Excellency the assurance of my most distin
guished consideration.
JAMES BUCHANAN.
To his Excellency the Minister of Foreign Re
lations, of the Mexican Republic.
Mr. Buchanan to Commodore Conner.
Department or State,
Washington, July 27, 1846.
Sir : 1 have the honor to transmit herewith a
sealed note to the Minister of Foreign Relations
oi the Mexican Republic, with an open copy
of the same for your own use. From this you
will perceive that the President has determined
again to offer the glive branch to Mexico.
The President does not believe thatany point
of national honor should forbid him from mak
ing this tender, especially after the glorious
events which have thus tar marked the progress
of the war. Should the Mexican Government
determine to accept the offer and enter upon the
negotiations, it may and probably will propose
to you to conclude an armistice during their
pendency. If such a proposition should be
made, you will promptly but kindly reject it,
giving at the same time every assurance that
the President will do all in his power to bring
the negotiations to a satistactory termination
with the least possible delay.
If an armistice were concluded, the two par
ties would not stand on an equal looting. The
United States, at a heavy expense, now have
armies in the field and navies on the ocean, in
successful progress to conquer an honorable
peace. Should their operations be arrested by
an armistice, and the negotiations lor peace
should finally fail, we should then lose nearly
all the advantages of an entire campaign. Be
sides, this sacrifice great as it might be, would
scarcely equal the evils in any form which a
season of inactivity could nolfail to inflict upon
our troops, the greater portion of whom consist
of patriotic citizens who have volunteered to
serve their country in the confidence that th«-y
would be actively employed. Whilst, there
fore, the President sincerely desires with the
utmost promptitude to restore our friendly rela
tions with Mexico upon fair and liberal terms,
the war must continue to be prosecuted with the
utmost vigor until a definitive treaty of peace
shall be signed and ratified by Mexico.
You will not fail, with all the despatch in
your power, to transmit the answer of the
Mexican Government to this Department.
I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully,
your obedient servant.
JAMES BUCHANAN.
To Commodore David Conner, Command
ing the Naval forces of the United States in the
Gulf of Mexico.
Tuesday , August 4, 1846.
On motion ot Mr. McDuffie,
Ordered , That the message, with the docu
ments communicated therewith, relating to af
fairs with the Republic of Mexico, be referred
to the Committee on Foreign Relations,
Wednesday , August 5, 1846.
Mr. McDuffie, from the Committee on Fo
reign Relations, to whom was referred, on the
4th instant, the message and documents relating
toaffairs with the Republic ofMexico, reported
the following resolutions:
Resolved, That the course adopted and pro
posed by the President, as indicated in his mes
sage of the 4th instant, for the speedy termina
tion of the war with Mexico, receives the ap
probation of the Senate.
Resolved, That, in the opinion of tiie Senate,
it is expedient to place two millions of dollars
at the disposal of (he President, to he used at
his discretion, in the event of a treaty of peace
with Mexico satisfactorily adjusting the boun
daries ot the two countries, and that the Com
mittee on Foreign Relations be instructed to re
port to the Senate in open session a bill for that
purpose in conformity to the provisionsof simi
lar acts passed in 1803 and 1806.
The Senate, by unanimous consent, proceed
ed to consider the said resolution; and, alter de
bate, on motion by Mr. McDuffie, the second
resolution was modified to read as follows;
Resolved, That, in the opinion ot the Senate,
it is expedient to place the sum of money at the
disposal of the President, to be used at his dis
cretion, in the event of a treaty of peace with
Mexico satisfactorily adjusting the boundaries
ol the two countries.
Mr. Hannegan submitted the following, as
an amendment to the said resolutions:
“To strikeout all alter the word Resolved,
in the first section, to the end of the second re
solution, and insert: That the Senate heartily
unite with the President in his expressed desire
for a speedy and honorable peace with Mexico;
hut, as at present informed, there is no further
advice to give in the premises.”
On motion of Mr. Crittenden,
Ordered, That the resultion reported by the
Committee, as modified, be recommitted to the
Committee on Foreign Relations.
Thursday , August 6, 1346.
Mr, McDuffie, from the Committee on Fo
reign Relations, to whom was recommitted, on
the sth instant, the resolutions reported on that
day, reported the following resolutions;
1. Resolved. That the Senate entertain a s‘rong
desire that the existing war with Mexico should
be terminated by a treaty of peace, j ust and hon
orable to both nations; and that the President
be advised to adopt all proper measures for the
attainment ot that object.
2. Resolved further, That the Senate deem it
advisable that Congress should appropriate a
sum of money to enable the President to con
clude a treaty of peace, limits, and boundaries
with the Republic ot Mexico, and to be used by
him in the event that such treaty should call for
the expenditure of the money so appropriated,
or any part thereof.
The Senate by unanimous consent, proceed
ed to consider the said resolutions, and, on the
question to agree to the first resolution, it was
determined in the affirmative: Yeas 43, nays 2.
On motion by Mr. Breese, the yeas and nays
being desired by one-fifth of the Senators pre
sent, those who voted in the affirmative are—
Messrs. Archer, Ashley, Atherton, Bagby,
Barrow, Benton, Berrien, Bright, Calhoun,
Cass, Chalmers, Gilley, Thos, Clayton, John
M. Clayton, Corwin, Crittenden, Davis, Dick
inson, Dix, Evans, Fairfield, Greene, Houston,
Huntington, Jarnagin, Johnson, of Maryland,
Johnson, of Louisiana, McDuffie, Mangum,
Miller, Morehead, Niles, Pearce, Phelps, Se
vier, Simmons, Speight, Sturgeon, Turney,
Upham, Westcotf, Woodbridge. and Yulee.
Those who voted in the negative are—
Messrs. Atchison and Rusk.
So the resolution was agreed to.
On motion by Mr. McDuffie, it was
Ordered, That the Secretary of the Senate be
directed to retain the hill from the House of Re
presentatives (H. R. No. 50) “ making appro
priations for the civil and diplomatic expenses
of Government for the yearending the 30th June,
1847, and lor other purposes,” which passed the
Senate, with amendments, on the sth instant,
and not communicate the same to the House of
Representatives until the further order of the
Senate.
On motion by Mr, Seyier, the vote on the
adoption of said order was reconsidered.
On motion by Mr. Atchison to amend the se
cond resolution by inserting after the words
“'Mexico” the following words: “And for the
purchase ot the whole or a part of Upper Cali
fornia.”
It was determined in the negative: Yeas 11,
nays 35,
On motion by Mr. Atchison, the yeas and
nays being desired by one-fifth of the Senators
present, those who voted in the affirmative are:
Messrs. Allen, Atchison, Benton, Breese,
Bright, Cass, Dix, Pearce, Sevier, Sturgeon
an»i Woodbridge.
Those who voted in the negative are:
Messrs. Archer, Ashley, Atherton, Bagby,
Barrow, Berrien, Chalmers, Gilley, Thomas
Clayton, John M. Clayton, Corwin, Crittenden,
Davis, Evans, Greene, Hannegan, Houston,
Huntington, Jarnagin, Johnson of Md., John
son of La., Lewis, McDuffie, Mangum, Miller,
Morehead, Niles, Phelps, Semple, Simmons,
Speight, Tuiney, Upham, Westcott and Yulee.
So the proposition was rejected.
On motion by Mr. Pearce to amend the se
cond resolution by adding thereto the following
proviso:
Provided, That no part of the said sum of
money shall be applied to the purchase of any
part of California.”
On motion by Mr. Semple to amend this pro
posed amendment by adding thereto the words
“until after the conclusion of a peace with
Mexico.”
It was determined in the negative.
On the question to agree to the amendment
proposed by Mr. Pearce, it was determined in
the negative: Yeas 7, nays 32.
On motion by Mr. Sevier, the yeas and nays
being desired by one-fifth of the Senators pre
sent, those who voted in the affirmative are:
Messrs. Gilley, Thomas Clayton, Miller,
Pearce, Phelps, Semple and Upham.
Those who voted in the negative are;
Messis. Allen, Archer, Ashley, Atchison,
Atherton, Bagby, Barrow, Benton, Bright, Cal
houn, Cameron, Cass, Chalmers, Corwin, Dick
inson, Dix, Fairfield, Hannegan, Houston,
Johnson of La., Lewis, McDuffie, Mangum,
Niles, Rusk. Sevier, Speight, Sturgeon, Tur
ney, Westcott, Woodbridge and Yulee.
So the proposition was rejected.
On motion by Mr, Berrien to amend the se
cond resolution repofted by the Committee on
Foreign Relations by striking out alter the
word “resolved” to the end thereof, and insert
ing the following:
“ That in the opinion of the Senate, it would
be proper to place at the disposal of the Presi
dent of the United States a sum of money ade
quate to the attainment of peace with Mexico,
by negotiating a treaty for the restoration of
peace, and defining and establishing the limits
and boundaries, between the United Stales and
Mexico; and that, to accomplish his object, it
would be advisable that a proposition to this ef
fect should be submitted to me two Houses of
Congress in such a mode as the President may
deem proper.”
It was determined in the negative: Yeas 10,
nays 34.
On motion by Mr, Rusk, the yeas and nays
being desired by one-fifth of the Senators pre
sent, those who voted in the affirmative are;
Messrs. Berrien, Corwin, Crittenden, Man
gum, Miller, Morehead, Semple, Webster,
Westcott and Woodbridge.
Those who voted in the negative are;
Messrs. Allen, Archer, Ashley, Atchison,
Atherton, Bagby, Barrow, Benton, Bright, Cal
houn, Cameron, Cass, Chalmers, Cilley, John
M. Clayton, Davis, Dickinson, Dix, Evans,
Fairfield, Greene, Houston, Johnson of Md.,
Johnson of La., Lewis. McDuffie, Niles, Rusk,
Sevier, Speight, Sturgeon, Turney, Upham and
Yulee.
So the proposition was rejected.
On motion, by Mr. Morehead, to amend the
second resolution by adding thereto the follow
ing:
11 Provided, That before the appropriation is
made the President ot the United States shall
inform the two Houses of Congress in confi
dence, of the object or objects to which the mo
ney shall be applied.”
It was determined in the negative: Teas 18
nays 26.
On motion, by Mr. Morehead, the yeas and
nays being desired by one-fifth of the Senators
present, those who voted in the affirmative are:
Messrs, Atchison, Barrow, Berrien, Cilley,
Thomas Clayton, John M. Clayton, Corwin,
Greene, Hannegan, Jarnagin, Mangum, Miller,
Morehead,'Pearce, Semple, Simmons, Upham
and Woodbridge.
Those who voted in the negative are:
Messrs. Archer, Ashley, Atherton. Bagby,
Benton, Breese, Bright, Calhoun, Cameron,
Cass, Chalmers, Dickinson, Dix, Fairfield,
Houston, Johnson of Md.. Johnson of La.,
Lewis, McDuffie, Niles, Rusk, Sevier, Speight,
Sturgeon, Turney and Yulee.
So the proposition was rejected.
On the question to agree to the second reso
lution reported this day from the Committee on
Foreign Relations, it was determined in the
33, nays 19.
On motion, by Mr. Cass, the yeas and nays
being desired by one-fif th of the Senators present,
those who voted in the affirmative are—
Messrs. Allen, Archer, Ashley, Atherton,
Bagby, Benton, Breese, Bright, Calhoun,
Cameron, Cass, Chalmers, Corwin, Crittenden,
Dickinson, Dix, Evans, Fairfield, Houston,
Johnson of Maryland, Johnson oi Louisiana,
Lewis, McDuffie, Mangum, Niles, Rusk,
Sevier, Speight, Sturgeon, Turney, Webster.
Westcott,and Yulee.
Those who voted in the negative are—
Messrs Atchison, Barrow, Berrien, Cilley,
John M. Clayton, Davis, Greene, Hannegan,
Huntington, Jarnagin, Miller, Morehead,
Pearce, Phelps, Semple, Simmons, Upham,
and Woodbridge.
So the second resolution was agreed to.
Ordered, That the Secretary lay the said re
solution before the President of the United
Stales.
Friday, August 7.
Mr. Lewis submitted the following resolution
for consideration;
Resolved, Thai the Committee on Finance
be instructed forthwith to reporta bill appro
priating two millions of dollars to be placed at
the disposal of th« President, to enable him to
conclude a treaty of peace, limits and boundary,
with the Republic of Mexico, agreeably to a
resolution of the Senate, adopted in Executive
session on the 6lh instant, and in concurrence
with a rrcommendation of the President, in his
communication on that subject to the Senate,
in Executive session, received on the 4th in
stant.
Mr. Lewis submitted a communication from
the Secretary of Slate to the Chairman of the
Committee on Finance ot the Senate, on the
subject embraced in said resolution, which was
read.
[The following communication from the Secre
tary of State to the chairman of the Committee on
Finance, dated 7th August, 1846, although not a
part of the journal, is inserted here in preference to
making it part of an Appendix:]
Department of State, £
Washington, August 7, 1846. y
Sirs lam directed by the President to invite
your attention fo the propriety of making an appro
priation providing for any expenditure which it
may be necessary to make in advance, fur the pur
pose of settling all our difficulties with the Mexi
can Republic. It is his sincere desire to terminate,
as it was originally to avoid, the existing war
with Mexico, by a peace just and honorable to
both parties. The chief obstacle to be surmounted
in accomplishing this object will probably be the
adjusment of a boundary between the two Repub
lics which shall be salisfcciory and convenient to
both, and such as neither will hereafter be inclined
to disturb. In the adjustment of this boundary we
ought to pay a fair equivalent for any concessions
which may be made by Mcxieo.
Underthese circumstances, the President deems
it important that a portion of this sum should be
placed under his control, to be advanced, if need
be, to the Government of that Republic immedi
ately upon the ratification of the treaty. It might
be inconvenient for the Mexican Government to
wait for the payment of the whole sum until the
treaty could be ratified by our Senate, and an ap
propriation to carry it into effect made by Congress.
Indeed the necessity for this delay might defeat
the object altogether. This disbursement of mo
ney, should it be made, would of course be ac
counted for at the Treasury, not as secret service
money, but like other expenditures.
Two precedents for such a proceeding exist in
our past history, during the Administration of Mr.
Jefferson, to which I would call your attention.
On the 26th February, 1803, an act was passed ap
propriating two millions of dollars “for the purpose
of defraying any extraordinary expenses which
may be incurred in the intercourse between the
United States and foreign nations, to be applied
under the direction of the President of the United
States, who shall cause an account of the expendi
ture thereof to be laid before Congress as soon
as may be j” and on the i3th February, 1806, an
appropriation was made of the same amount and
in the same terms. In neither case was the mo
ney actually drawn from the Treasury;and 1
should hope that the result in this respect might be
similar on the present occasion, alt hr ugh the ap
propriation may prove to be indispensable in ac
complishing the object. I would therefore re
spectfully suggest to you, at the instance of the
President, the passage of a law appropriating two
millions of dollars, to be placed at his disposal, for
the purpose which I have indicated.
I have the honor to be, sir, with great respect,
your obedient servant, JAMFS BUCHANA.N.
To the Hon. Dixon H. Lewis, Chairman of the
Committee on Finance,Senate.
Monday, August 10, 1916.
On motion by Mr. Lewis,
Ordered, That the injunction of secres'y be re
moved from the message of the President, of the
4th instant, relating to a negotiation with the Re
public of Mexico, from all documents communica
ted to the Senate in relation thereto, and from the
proceedings of the Senate on the subject thereof.
€l)rouiclc ani) Sentinel.
AVGIT S T A « G A .
TUESDAAMVIORNING, AUG. 18. 1«46.
Whig Nomination, for Congress.
FOR REPRESENTATIVE FROM THE EIGHTH DISTRICT:
. ROBERT TOOMBS.
Outside. —See first and fourth pages.
The Whig Party/
We believe, in all sincerity and truth, that
the country owes whatever of prosperity it pos
sesses to the influences and principles of the
great Whig party of the Union.
Though betrayed by John Tyler, after an un
precedented triumph, and defeated in the late
Presidential contest by the meanest deception
and the grossest frauds, still, undismayed, erect
and faithful to the country, it has infused its
conservatism into the radical, experimental
and destructive systems ot our opponents, and
blessed our people with comparative prospciity
and good government. The recent action of
Congress would seem to indicate that Its powers
of restraint and preservation have become less
potent than heretofore.
It is true that Democracy has rallied to its
murky banner, and obtained a shameful con
quest in favor of foreign interests and labor.—
But, remember the means by which it was
accomplished! Men, high in station, eminent
for abilities, and in no small degree remarkable
for firmness, have yielded station, talents and
stability to the remorseless demon ot parly.
They have denounced the new tariff measure
as a system of fraud, injustice and oppression
—as inadequate to afford revenue and insuffi
cient to bestow suitable protection upon domes
tic labor—yet before the notes of denunciation
were lost to hearing, they pronounced the word
yea in its favor. There can be no doubt that
the people have been deceived and betrayed in
some instance? by their representatives.
We have not placed the words at the head of
this article with a view to discuss the princi
ples of the Whigs, or to expose the misrule
and miserable errors of the Democrats. We
have placed them there to u r ge our friends to a
renewed devotion to the doctrines of’l4. They
were true and honest—just and conserva'ive—
and are.now as much entitled to our heart-felt
devotion as then. It is evident that ouroppo
nentsaretorn with divisions, and find among
themselves radical differences lobe healed,and
blasting cankers to le removed.
The Democratic President has not a corporal’s
guard to stand by his person and afford him a
nucleus around which again to cluster the
Democratic strength.
“Fifty-four forties” and “forty-nines” have
been outraged and disgusted with his double
dealing. Tariff democrats in Pennsylvania and
other sections are singing very different songs
from those which fell so graciously from their
lips in the summer and fall of ’44,
To pass over the recent vetoes which have
struck daggers to the hearts of expectant friends
in different parts ot the land, we have only to
mention the Mexican war, so uselessly provo
ked,'so bunglingly sustained, so heavily bur
dened with expense, to point to a cause fatal,
damning, not only to this administration, but to
the party which, in an evil hour for themselves
and the country, placed it in power.
But a great responsibility rests upon the
Whigs. Will they forget their defeat, the
tissues of falsehood and the sneaking frauds
which produced ill We call upon the fathers
of the Whig party, its young men, brave and
true, to remember them now and to think ot
them till the great day of ’4B,
Are they to be re-enacted? Are the Whigs
again to be forced, if not to kiss the rod of cor
rection, at least to bow to its baleful authority 1
We arestronger now than in 1840. It is our duty
as it will be our glorious privilege, if we are
true to our country and ourselves, to put a stop
to the lantas'ic tricks of Democracy, its whims
and experiments, played and tried for evil only;
and substitute for them, the principles and
practices ot Washington, Madison and Jeffer
son.
We cannot be true to ourselves or country, if
we permit divisions to beggar us with internal
strife. Nor should we vacillate in the practice
of our great and glorious doctrines. Let us take
high and holy ground, and illustrate our devo
tion by faithful, untiring exertions till victory is
ours—a victory that will give purity to the
public councils, economy in the national ex
penditures, abundant revenue with incidental
protection to American labor, and general pros
perity to every interest of the Republic.
The Rail Road Jubilee,
Which is to come off at Atlanta to-morrow,
will doubtless be a joyous occasion to a large
concourse of visiters, who will be present from
various sections of this State, together with
some from South Carolina and Tennessee
The sea-board, the middle, and the up-country
will have their first grand meeting on thisocca
sion, and we doubt not the cars will go well
freighted with joyous spirits, to join in the
revelry.
The Cars leave this evening. See advertise
ment.
“ It is rumored that Mr. Pickens, of South
Carolina, is to succeed Mr, McLane as embas
sador to England.”
A very fit representation of Mr. Polk’s ad
ministration. Verily, we have fallen upon evil
limes when such pigmies are tho-ugkt of to re
present this government at the Court of St.
James.
For the Chronicle <y- Sentinel.
Messrs. Editors; —It is gratifying to wit
ness the increasing attention that is extended lo
the cause of education iu the Slate of Georgia.
A good education is the richest earthly boon
a parent can provide for his child, and where
e /er a teacher is found ot solid merit and ot
skillful industry, and success in imparting in
struction, it is a duty, not so much to him as to
the community, to make known (he fact.
I had the pleasure of attending the annual
examination and exhibition on the 23d ami24ih
ot July, ot the Academy at Woodstock, Ogle
thorpe county, under the care of Rev.J.W.
Reid. 'J he exercises and deportment of the
young gentlemen were so creditable to them
selves and to their teacher, that 1 cannot with
hold the unsolicited expression of my sincere
gratification. They were examined on the or
dinary English studies— Natural and Mental
Philosophy—Ancient Languages—Algebra and
Geometry. The examination gave evidence of
a thorough drilling in all the branches taught.
The promptness and intelligence with which
questions were answered, put by the audience,
as well as teacher, showed a familiar acquaint
ance with the great fundamental principles of
the sciences; an intimate knowledge of which
is essential to mental discipline, and the accu
rate test of a skillful teacher. 1 was particular
ly struck with the success of the teacher in im
parting a know ledge of Algebra to his pupils.
A large class of boys, of from 10 to 12 years of
age, recited in Algebra with a promptness and
intelligence that would have done no discredit
to College Seniors,
The Declamation at the exhibition was gene
rally good, and some half dozen original ora
tions, pronounced by the larger students, evin
ced a maturity of thought and extent of infor
mation highly creditable. The elevated moral
tone of their sentiments shewed plainly that
they enjoyed the instruction of a Christian
teacher, who had not neglected the cultivation
of the moral powers, and'who had taught them
to cultivate a profound reverence for the Inspir
ed Volume—a sacred regard for which is the on
ly safe guarantee in the momentous work of
training the youthful mind.
The reverence of the pupils for their precep
tor, and his kind and affectionate manner to
wards them, attracted my attention. The most
beautiful order and decorum prevailed during
t he two day’s exercises, without occasion on the
part of the teacher, as far as I recollect, to ad
minister the slightest rebuke, in a solitary in
stance, to one of his pupils, from the least to the
greatest.
Mr. Reid is doing great good as a teacher. I
understand that some eight ot his pupils are
now teaching school within miles of his
residence.
The village of Woodstock is a pleasant and
healthy place, and its population such as to pio
tect from temptation youth who are away from
the parental eye.
The w hole annual expenses of a student at
this school will be covered, I understand, by
from 110 to 120 dollars.
The exercises were closed by a sermon to the
students from President Talmage, of Oglethorpe
University, appropriate to the occasion; in
which be held up to the young men, in the ab
sence of any spotless human example, the ex
ampleof Christ as a model, if we view him in
the character of a son and a citizen; and as a
perfect pattern of industry, humility, benevolence
and compassion , forbearance and forgiveness, and
piety. VISIT ER.
From Washington.
Correspondence of the Baltimore American.
Washington, August 12.
The Post Route Bill, upon inquiry, proves to
have gone into the receptacle of lost things.
The effect will be to leave matters precisely as
they were. The Post Office legislation of the
existing Congress, thus far, proves two things—
first, that the present rates of postage are gradu
ally yielding more revenue each quarter, and
will finally cover the expenses of ihe Depart
ment; and, secondly, that no increase of post
age will ever be made by Congress. Auniform
rate ot postage will be the next reform for the
country, and alter that a reduction of the high
er rates. Time will prove the wisdom of those
who commenced this great work of cheapening
the means of intelligence between man and
man, and already the blessings of the poor rest
upon those who have almost opened the eyes
that were blind and ears that were closed. The
loss of the Post Route Bill gives high gralifica
tiou at the Post Office Department, 1 believe, as
it will save labor to the officers employed and
expense lo the Government.
I have been looking over the public bills to
day that have, thus far, passed the present Con
gress. lam not able to learn the precise sum
appropriated, but believe it will exceed fifty
millions of dollars , notwithstanding many im
portant acts were lost between the two Houses
of Congress.
The Army and Naval Bills contain unusual
appropriations in amount. The personelle of
the former has been increased $,1,500, and the
latter $2,500. The reduction in the Navy is to
take place at the close of the war, but the new
enlistments in the Army were lor five years,
and all who have been cr may be enlisted will
have to serve during that lime.
The Volunteer Bills and Joint Resolutions
which have passed were four in all, and by the
last act a large sum of money must be drawn
from the Treasury, as it will not require a very
free construction of the act to pay the one hun
dred thousand men who in one form or another,
at some place or other, were mustered into ser
vice. It is believed-by many intelligent persons
who have investigated the subject, that the Ad
ministration hardly dreamed of the expenses it
has incurred already in the prosecution ot the
Mexican war. The President’s last Message
would seem to indicate that he is tired of it, and
the outward evidence would seem lobe a dispo
sition to negotiate lor Peace, but it must be a
peace with a surrender on the part of Mexico of
her most valuable provinces. This is the de
mand of those who now administer the Govern
ment, and such a demand 1 am assured will be
pressed. There was a long Cabinet Council
upon the subject to-day, and the action, as far
as it has transpired, would seem to be an inten
tion on the part ot our Government to re-open
negotiations by claiming not only the Rio
Grande but the Californias for a small equiva
lent. Short of sheer compulsion, the Mexicans
would never make such a treaty. The Mexi
can Army is about the only supreme power
there is in that Government.
Two millions of dollars is not the worth of
the Californias, it they are worth anything to
us; and nobody in Mexico would dare surren
der them upon the terms proposed. A day or
two will more fully develope the intentions ot
the Administration upon this subject.
Of the Bills that have passed Congress 1
will write you more fully hereafter.
Washington, August 13.
The large appropriation bills are not marked
by any peculiar features except the heavy a
moum appropriated, and the provision i &J , n
ing the fourth and fifth instalments of the Me*
ican Indemnity. These instalments are fiy
per cent. <?ach with interest at 8 pet cent., mat
ing an appropriation of $320,000. The pav.
ment will be in Government Scrip, running fu e
years and paying five per cent, interest. Six
teen instalments of the award of the mixed
Commission of 1839 will be left unpaid, and
subject to any conditions concluded upon kt
making peace.
Another of the bills passed allowed any mer. 1
chamllse imported from the British North Ame
rican Provinces adjoining the United States
and duly entered at any of the ports of entry in
the collection districts situated on the Northern
North Eastern and North Western frontiers of
the U. States to be transported by land or water
to any ports where merchandise may be sent
umier existing laws lor the benefit of drawback
and be thence exported to any foreign country
provided that sahl exportation shall be made
within one year from the dale of importation.
The Warehousing bill is in harmony with
this bill, and both are calculated largely to ben
efit the city of New York without much regard
to the rest of the country. Much of the prp.
vailing an i-protective influence has also come
from that city, and strange to say, British agents
and British interests found a hearing where
others were turned adrift. The whole of the
free trade ad valorem act lias been selfish, anti-
American, and prejudicial to the best interests
of the country.
As early as January the House of Represent
atives passed an act, which was passed a tew
days after in the Senate, calculated lo make the
Custom House officers relax their usual vigi
lance in searching and detecting goods fraudu
lently imported, or goods smuggled into the U
States. They are not to be paid from their lees
as before, nor allowed to draw their salaries
otherwise than quarterly. All fees, emolu
ments and receipts, except the salaries, were or
dered to be paid over to the Treasury of the U.
Slates and not distributed as heretofore.
Congress ha* passed bills satisfactory, I
believe, lo the Territories ot Wisconsin ami
lowa, and some of them make provision for
their admission into the Union. Each of these
Territories upon adopting a State Constitution
will be allowed to send two Represenlatives tu
Congress until the next Census. They have
five per cent, on ail the lands sold in the State
for works of Internal improvement, and ten
sections ot land for public buildings. A dozen
Salt Springs are also given to Wisconsin.
For the navigation of the Des Moines River,
lowa receives by another act alternate sections
lor five miles wide on each side of the river.
Wisconsin, by another act, has an equal
amount, of alternate sections of all the unsold
lands on each side of the rivers, to be appropri
ated only upon conditions which shall secure
the improvement of the rivers.
Another act of some interest to the States
named was that providing for the sale of the
lead mines in Illinois, Arkansas, Wisconsin
and lowa. There is to be a brief description
of these Mineral Lands advertised, with the
number of mines, facilities for working them,
&c., but they are not to be subject to pte-emp
'tion settlement until offered for sale—a law
likely to be much “more honored in the breach
than in the observance.”
The important Mineral Land bill for dispos
ing ot the Mineral Lands in Michigan, failed
from the opposition of a lew members in the
House. It passed the Senate, and a large ma
jority of the House members were in favor of
it.
The Treasury Note and Loan Bill, (he Vol
unteer Militia Bills, with other public mea
sures, have perhaps occupied all your spare
room already.
The Smithsonian Bill fails to make any ap
propriation for the public buildings. The
omission was accidental, but inasmuch as
there is much to be done before the work is
commenced, and much authorised to be done by
the law which has passed, there need be no
hindrance in commencing this noble monu
ment, as it should be, ot the munificence of a
distinguished Englishman “lor Ihe diffusion of
knowledge among men,” May the good im
parled to our people contribute largely lo the
dissemination of that moral and political intel
ligence upon which alone our free institutions
can permanently rest.
The Slave Trade.-—The Liberia Herald of the
18th of June says :
“ The slave trade about here is breathing its last
gasp. The British cruisers have so closely invest
ed these dens of blood and death that the slavers at
the Galenas have given their slaves to the natives,
and some of them, we have been informed, are
waiting with impatience an opportunity to quit
the coast. Those at New Cestos, making a virtue
of necessity, have embarked in the palm oil trade.
Success to this branch of their business.”
Naval, — Pensacola. —Our Pensacola correspon
dent, in a letter of the Bth inst., informs us that the
U, S. brig of war Lawrence sailed last Monday for
New York. It was reported that she had been
condemned as not seaworthy.
The U. S. (Texas) ship Austin was also found
not to be worth repairing. She may be considered
as condemned. The officers of the Austin were
expecting orders for some other vessel in the Gulf.
The U. S. revenue cutter Wolcott was to sail on
Sunday last with despatches for the squadion off
Vera Cruz.
Owing to the sickness of the crew of the frigate
Raritan, she was not expected to go to sea under a
month. — Picayune , 12th inst.
It is said that in a business point of view the
last trip of the Great Western is one of the best
ever made by her or any other steamer. Her
freight list amounts to between £2,300 a»d £3,-
400, exclusive of passengers and mails. She
brought out 138 passengers, and one was born a
lew hours previous to her arrival. She was obliged
to refuse about 60, for want of accommodations.
New York Railroads.—The Auburn and Ro
chester railroad divides four per cent, for the las
six months, the Syracuse and Utica two and a hall»
and the Troy and Schenectady three per cent.
Office Central and Western Wharf Co. /
Augusta, August 18, 1846. *)
No. 9.—The Directors have
this day declared a Dividend of four per cent.,
payable tu the Stockholders or their order on de
mand, at my office, from three to six o’clock, P.
m. g. McLaughlin,
au!B-3 Secretary and Treasurer.
Augusta Female Seminary. —MRS
JAMES ADAM respectfully informs her friends
and the public, that her School for a limited
number of young ladies will be re-opened on
Monday, September Ist. Hours ot tuition from
9 to 12, and from 3 to 5 o’clock.
Terms made known on application at the Se
minary, N 0.300 Broad-street. [au!9 trtfj
n c'r'rnpvrPP •
Rev.E. E. Ford, D.D. I H.C. Bhvson, Esq. and
L. A. Dugas M.D.; |B. F. Chew, Esq.
13 s During my temporary absence from
the State, Gen. Geo. W. Summers is my au
thorized Attorney. J«4l E. W. SPOFFOSP.
~lrjr REMOVAL.— The subscriber has re
moved his Drug establishment to the first
door below the Mechanics’ Bank, where he
will be happy to see his customers. All a^
in the Drug line will be sold very low. Fresh
and pure family medicines kept on hand, an
warranted. Also-paints oil- and brushes
spices .nd perfumery, Ac.
OQ successor lo T. I. Wray.
apZH __
Planters wishing to purchase
NEGRO CLOTHS cheap, will do well to
CRESS & HICKMAN,
