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About Daily chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1837-1876 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 15, 1847)
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL. B Y J. W. &- W. S. JONES. OAILI , TRI-WEEKLY & WEEKLY. OFFICE IN RAIL. ROAD BANK BUILDING TRRMS —Daily Paper, per annum, in advance ••SIC Tri-Weekly Paper, “ “ “ Weekly, (a mammoth sheet) “ " <' ASH SYSTEM.—In no case will an order for the p ■ |>er be attended to, unless acconipamed wan tie money, and in every instancewhen the time or w ic i any subscription may be paid, expires belore tle re ceipt of funds to renew the same, the paper will ♦ e discontinued. Depreciated funds received at value in this city. a FTRTIIEIf KXTKACTS of THE NEWS BY THE BRITANNIA. Ireland. Tim murders aud outrages in this unhappy island continue, especially in the county of Tip perary. The resistance to rents is becoming more decided and general. The system of resistance to the poor rates, which has reached to such ahead in many of the districts, has caused the Government to a dopt decided steps for its enforcement. The Government has issued a proclamation, warning the people against the commission of crime, and admonishing them that those who harbor criminals and favor their evasion of jus tice, are in the eyes of the law., criminals them selves, and will hereafter be dealt with accord ingly. We have reason to believe that an arms act, of an extremely stringent character, is in course of preparation, and will be laid before Parliament at as early a period as possible. The Evening Mail says suspension of the habeas corpus act is the only measure adequate to the crisis. Prance. A reform banquet was held at Lille on the 7lh ult. The guests numbered eleven hun dred; among them M. Odillon Barrot and se ven other deputies of the “ Gauche.” The first toast on the list was “ Electoral and Par liamentary Reform to this M. Barrot and his colleagues insisted upon adding, “ and to the truth and sincerity of the institutions of July.” The majority were indignant at the proposal, as signifying approval of the royal part of that sentiment in 1830, aud much confusion en sued. At length M. Barret and his few sup porters withdrew ; the Chain..an, M. St. Leger al>o resigning his functions, and retiring with about fifty of the company. A still larger part remained to dine. They elected 31. Bonte Pollet the radical lawyer and deputy, and prin cipal writer in the Relorme, into the vacant chair, and became exceedingly democratic, breaking lip with the “ Marseillaise.” On the 12th a Council of Ministers was held at the palace of St. Cloud, at which the King presided in person. The affairs of Switzerland are understood to have been again under con sideration. Immediately after the Council, couriers were sent with despatches to M. Bois Lecompte, at Berne, and to the French Am bassador at Vienna. It was reported in Paris that an arrangement had been come to between the French and Austrian Governments for a joint and armed intervention in Switzerland bv these two powers. It was added, that or ders had already been sent to the commanders oi the troops on the Swiss frontiers to hold themselves in readiness to march at a mo ment’s notice. The Commerce announces that the potatoe crop had been everywhere gathered througho Jt France, and that it had been both abundant and of good quality. Three cases of decided Asiatic Cholera are said to have shown themselves in the Faubourg St. Germain. Spain. Some important changes have taken place in the Ministry and the Diplomatic body. It is said that those changes had suddenly been found necessary for the preservation of the Narvaez Cabinet. there was a rea’ or pretended fear a 'i entente at Madrid on the night of the Ist inst., and the garrison was kept on the alert, but the night passed off quietly. The muni cipal elections are all in favor of the Govern ment party. The Espanol gives some expla nations with respect to the monthly payments alleged to have been made to the house of Rothschild from the revenues of Queen Isabella. Portugal. r l he Queen was delivered of a prince on the 4th. Her Majesty attended the Italian Opera on the previous night, and remained till 11 o’- clock. Advices from Oporto mention that the '.image ot 1847 has been gathered w’itii success, and from the unusual series of fine vintages ol 1840, 1842, 1844, 1846 and 1847, the culti vators look with confidence to a general in crease of consumption. Italy. Letters from Genoa of the sth instant give an account ol the enthusiastic reception of King Charles Albert at that city. At the gates ol Genoa the local authorities, accompanied hv about 50,000 persons, received his Majesty with repeated cries of “Long live Charles Albert, the reforming Prince.” Among other interesting demonstrations by the people, the following incident occurred : 1 . American Minister, Mr. Wickliffe, had stationed himself about half way between I arm and Monenlievi, in order to salute the King No sooner did the immense multitude wmcti followed the royal carriage perceive the American Minister, than they made the air ring with cries of “ Ewiva gli Stati Uniti /” Lcnva American /” “ Ecvica ill Ministro del la grade Republic!” “ Long live the United States. , “Long live America!” “Long live the minister of the great republic!” The tinn.V? S C ? , - nmencet * " r as taken up aud con tinued by tins vast assemblage of the people ol 1 ledmont, extending from Turin to Mon cuhe\ i, a distance of three miles. It is compu ted that between one and two hundred thou sand people were in the procession. » lie tiiree Italian Princes who have entered upon a system of reform—that is. the Pep*, the King of Sardinia aud the Grand Duke of Tuscany—have just laid a foundation ofa Cus toms Union. Ihe basis of it is the greatest possible degree of freedom of trade. Letters from Naples of the 30th ult. state that the insurrection is at an end. The latest news states that blood had been shed at I'ivizzano. The 3lodonese were the a £M ressors - I be latter arrested, without know ing why, the serjeant major of the Tuscan car hmers. The multitude took his part. The Mo duuese fired upon the people, killed one and wounded several. Upon this all the citizens new to arms, and a skirmish ensued, which was going on at the departure of the courier. Germany. In the sitting of the Bavarian Diet, on the 2d inst. Dr. Neuman, one of the king’s commis sioners, announced that the government had demanded information respecting the slate of the Jews, and would occupy itself with the amelioration of the condition of that people.— Ihe vast valley of the Odor, in Prussian Sile sia, has been inundated by the overflowing of the Odor. Incalculable damage has been done. Ihe sown crops and the crops in barns have been destroyed. The Neisse and the Kamitzbatch have also overflown and sub me ged the neighboringfields, thereby depriv ing the inhabitants of all the crops for the ensu ing year. M. Felix Mendelsohn Bartholdy. the cele brated musical composer, died at Leipziz on „ 4th of November of an attack of apoplexy, tfip VV n IS * y ears a grandson of 1 « 'r 9tr l 1 ° US Philosopher Mendelsohn, and SoUon Ba^old b ; a ' ed archeolo S ist ' Switzerland. A letter from Berue, of the 12th inst., states that in the morning of that day Gen. Dufour left for the army, accompanied by his staff and a detachment of cavalry. During the ni«»ht a Bernese battalion marched in the direction of Guogisburg, and the battalion of Soleure, com- I posed of Catholics, also departed from that • capital. The troops intended to operate against - Friburg. and all assumed the positions assigned to them in the plan of attack. The western division, commanded by Col. Rilliet, took pos . session on the 11th inst., without any resistance, ;of the towns of Rue and Rornont. Every man capable of bearing arms bad retired on the side 1 of Friburg, leaving behind the women, chil- I dren, and old men. The troops of Vaud oc cupied on the 10th, Chattel St. Denys, where they seized upon the former Avoyer, 31. Deglise, and subsequently continued their march upon Bailie, which they were to have entered on the evening of the 11th. Most of the syndics and parish priests of the districts, traversed by the Radical forces, had been ar rested as hostages. The brigade of Kurtz, consisting of three battalions and some artillery, was in possession of3loraton the 11th. It ap pears from acco juts which reached Berne, that Friburg was invested on the 12th by a military cordon. A report had been received at Berne on the 12th, til at 27 men of the battalion of Fasl had been surrounded and made prisoners. That intelligence had spread like lightning through the army, and the troops loudly demanded to be marched to Unterdietwyl, in order to punish j the inhabitants, whom they charged with treach ery. An engagement took place on the Bth, at the foot of St. Gothard. the result of which was j | not known. The Basle Gazette of the 13th mentions a re port from Berne, that the Grand Council of Friburg had demanded a suspension of hostili ties until Saturday, which had been granted by the commander of the Federal forces. A letter from Basle says: “We have re ceived unquestionable news that the bombard ment of Friburg commenced on the 12th inst.” All the Cantons of the Sonderbund have been blockaded since the day the declaration of war was made by the Diet. The markets of Zurich and Argovio from which they have hith erto derived their supplies of provisions, are closed against them. They may, however, for the present, obtain provisions from some of the Catholic valleys of the Grisons, and from the Canton of Valais, which communicates di rectly with Lavoy and Piedmont; hut as the Winter advances, the passes will be blocked up by snow, and, deprived of this resource, they will probably be starved into a surrender. A letter from Basle, of the Bth, states that it was rumored that the troops of Zurich had, on the previous day, taken possession of Zng, af ter some skirmishing, in which they obtained the advantage, and that, after leaving a garrison in Zug, the main body of the Znrichers had marched on Lucerne, and had taken possession of all towns and villages situated without the lines of defence on the Reuss and the Emme. Accounts from the Tyrol say that great ex citement prevails there owing to the events passing in Switzerland, which is greatly in creased by the movements of the Austrian troops. The Tyrolese feel great sympathy for the Sonderbund. Like the Swiss, the Tyrolese live in the midst of a mountainous region ; they are all Catholics, and are averse to innovation. Tiie news of the defeat of the free corps three years ago, was hailed with universal joy through all Tyrol. Russia> The Cholera has already disappeared from Moscow, but it appears to bespreading beyond that city in the direction ol St. Petersburg. According to the latest intelligence from Moscow, the number of patients in ihatcity on the morning of the J6th October, amounted to 105. On the same day 37 others were attacked, ol whom 23 have died. On the evening of the 17th of October, the number of patients was 135, which is considered an insignificant proportion for 300.000 inhabitants. There have been a few cases at Waldal and at Novogorod, a city not more than forty leagues from St. Petersburg. Great uneasiness prevailed in the mercantile circles of the last named city, owing to the scarcity of money. From the Correspondence of the Balt. American. Washington, Dec. 18, 1847. I send you the following interesting Post Office Statistics from the Report of the Post-Master General: Revenue received during the year, $3,945,893 Expenditures during the year, 3,979,670 Excess of receipts this year over the last, (or 13 15-1000 percent.) 458,693 Deficiences of the year, 33,077 Letter postage received durng the year, 3,254,512 Numberofletters passing through the Mail, 52,173,480 Free letters annually, 5,000,000 Newspapers annually, 55,000.000 Pamphlets, “ 2,000,000 Dead Letters, “ 1,800,000 Post Routes, “ 183,818 Annual transportation, miles 38,087,898 Receipts by Mail for two years, $7,360,000 Os the amount due in this time, the delin quencies are only $21,948, and the delinquents 154 Postmasters of an aggregate number of fifteen thousand one hundred and forty-six. The Postmasters changed during the year num ber 3450. The Postmaster General, in the course of his re port. recommends that newspapers be taxed by w eight, and enters upon a grave argument in defence of this absurd position. He also takes great credit, to himself for the success of the cheap postage system, though one of the warm est opponents of the original bill. The Report will lead to a further reduction of postage, and to a uniform rate of five cents, and bye-and-bye to a postage of cents which will pay, in time, every necessary expense. An attempt was made in the House yester day to revive that section of the law of 1845, which allowed newspapers to be circulated within thirty miles of the place of publication without charge. Ido not think that such a law will pass, or any of the recommendations of the Postmaster General for imposing a tax upon newspapers according to their weight, or the pre-payment of letters, or-the reduction of the half ounce. This last would be a step back ward. The present law, according the Post master’s own showing, will leave a surplus in the Treasury next year, no twit/istitriclillg (fIC estimates of the year are for $4,092,206; and more than a quarter of a million of this sum for the Mail-Steamers. The State ok Tamaulipas. —The Ameri j can Flag says there is a growing desire upon ! the part of all the industrious classes in Tam j aulipas and of the men of property, to bring i that State under the protection of the civil go vernment of the United States. The Flag thus ; speaks upon the subject. “ Traders from all sections of the State are daily visiting this city, and they speak their opinions on this subject without any hesitancy. The questions asked by each one is, “ When are we to have the laws and protection of the United States? —when is an American Go vernor to be sent to Victoria ? and, is it not the intention of the United States to hold permament possession of the country to the mountains?” If not, say they, “ every Mexi can who has traded or been in communication with the Americans, will be forced to leave the country should it again be given up to our ‘former rulers —neither our property or lives would be safe if again they have power over 1 us.” That there are good grounds for i ‘ the fears they express cannot be denied. If ; : left to the mercy of the Mexican Government, the inhabitants of Tamaulipas, who have re j fused to bear arms against us, have much to | sea we ask, would it not be injustice on , j the part of our Government to deny them the 1 j protection they desire and which they have a | right to claim. Why not give them our laws j and protection immediately. ———————————— A Methodist Church was recently dedicated ■ at Watertown, Mass. The vane which sur mounts the spire of the church was presented by the Unitarian Society, and is an interesting historical relic, being the identical one which graced the spire of the building in which the first Continental Congress was held. ! Chronicle and Sentinel. | AUGUSTA, GA: WEDNESDAY MORN’G, DEC. 15,1847. 1 ■ ■ ■ - - • Oar Mammoth Weekly Wilt, be issued this morning, containing its usual variety. Single copies for sale at the i office.— Gen. Shields. This gallant officer was yesterday the guest j of the city, having been escorted bv a commit : tee of our citizens from Griffin. For several ■ hours during the day he received the calls of the citizens, a large number of whom availed themselves of the opportunity to give him a most cordial meeting, upon whom, by his courteous and gentlemanly bearing, he has left a most agreeable impression. In the evening he partook of a dinner tendered him by the citizens, at which a large number of gentlemen were present, some notice of which we may give to-morrow. He leaves this morning, and after breakfast ing with our neighbors in Hamburg, will take a special train for Charlesion, where such a greeting as Charlestonians know how to give, awaits him. Tlie Spirit which Caused the Downfall of Rome and Napoleon. Gov. Smith ot Virginia, in his recent Mes sage, says : “ The South never can consent to be confined to prescribed limits. She wants and must have space, if consistent with honor and propriety.” If “ no limits can be prescribed to the South,” then she must attempt to conquer the whole world, and end like other vain conquerors, who have fondly cherished a similar purpose. The spirit of unlimited aggrandisement, can not he cherished with innocence or impunity. It is easy to promise ourselves, at least for Govern ors to promise the people, unlimited dominion over vast territories, as the devil did our Sa viour on the mountain. But such appeals to human ambition ever bring fruits which turn to ashes i n the mouths of such as try to eat them. To say that the South has not sufficient self denial •* to confine” her Inst of territory a»J dominion within some “ prescribed limits” on this continent, sound to ns very much like a libel on her good sense and moral character. The whole theory of Gov. Smith in regard to the need of more territory to meet the wants of the slowly increasing slave and free popula tion of the Southern States, is founded on false premises. Add ten fold to the present popula tion, both black and white, in the slave States in ten years, and God has made ample provision whereby both masters and servants can be ten times better off than they now are. The great mass of the farmers of Virginia lack Agricultural Science, not land nor territo ry. Impart to them a knowledge of all attain able improvements in rural affairs. and the de spised, exhausted soil of the “Mother of States,” will yield an hundred fold more than it now does, to feed and clothe its wise and con tented cultivators. A brutal passion for war, invasion and unlimited conquest, is the very soul of evil. Its natural, inevitable results will be, to depopulate and desolate all the older slave States. The drain on the free States will be more than made good by the vast influx of emigrants from Europe. Not so with the slave States. — Their relative strength iu the Union will rapid ly diminish. Wisconsin (a State born but yes terday) will very soon outvote South Carolina. Why, then, adopt a national policy, which will soon annihilate the political consequence of the latter? Her distinguished statesman John' C. 1 ... Calhoun, takes an infinitely higher and better view of the Mexican war and its results, tlnn the partisan Governor of Virginia. If we un derstand the policy of Mr. Calhoun, he would have the people of South Carolina love their present homes, improve their native soil, and thus increase its power to sustain a ten fold larger population, rather than emigrate to Mr. Polk’s land of promise west of the Nueces. Southwestern Coal Field. Thf, Mobile Herald and Tribune contains an interesting letter from Sumter county, giving an account of extensive coal beds in central Alabama and Mississippi, one of which has been on fire and constantly burning three years. At one point three acres of ground have fallen in, by the consumption of the coal below the surface. This immense waste of a valuable fuel is much to be regretted. It strikes us that this combustion can be extinguished, either by digging down and cutting off the stratum between tbe main bed and tbe fire, or by effectually shutting out the atmospheric air, and thus preventing all access of oxygen gas to the bed; if no vital air be present, the coal cannot be consumed. The deposits of coal in the regions named are said to extend 250 miles in length, and to have an average breadth of from 12 to 15 miles. | The time is close at hand when this mass of j available fuel will be used for manufacturing ! purposes, for driving locomotives and steam ‘ ers, as well as for warming dwellings, cooking food in cities and villages, and for all other pur- I poses where artificial heat is needed. I | New-York Market.—The mail from New j York last night was not as late as due. The j money market at the latest accounts was be coming rather stringent, with limited transac tions in the cotton market, at the prices current previous to the steamer’s accounts. Bread stuffs looking up. The Democratic members of the Legislature held a meeting at Milledgeville on the 7th inst., and determined to hold a Convention at that place on the 22d inst. for the double purpose of appointing delegates to the Baltimore Con vention, and the arrangement of an Electoral Ticket for the approaching Presidential elec | tion. - I j The Trenton, N. J.,iron Company has made a contract with the Camden and Amboy Rail \ road Company for furnishing a thousand tons j railroad iron, which is to be laid down on the road between Camden and Amboy. They now employ about 450 hands ; the mill build ings cover more than an acre and a half of ground,and they turn out daily between 50 and GO tons of railroad,iron, worth S7O per ton. Trenton Neiog. Alabama Senator. —The Legislature of Alabama entered upon the election for Sena- I tor on Saturday last. From the Journal of that afternoon we have the result of the first ballotings, which we subjoin : Ist 2d 3d Hopkins, Whig 48 48 49 Lewis, Dem. 50 50 50 King, Detn. 34 34 33 These ballotings indicate a protracted con test between the two factions of the de mocracy, as the Whigs seem, from the Jour nal, to be determined to support their candi date. It will probably result in the election of some Democrat upon whom the party can . unite. Education. The subjoined communications on this high ly important and interesting subject have been on file for publication for some weeks, but have been unavoidably crowded out by the press upon our columns. The writers are gentle men of intelligence and reflection, who have devoted much attention to the subject. Their views, therefore, are worthy the public's most mature cnosideration. VVehave no space for comments on the suggestions of either. For the Chronicle & Sentinel. Messrs. Editors :— I noticed in the last mes sage of Ex-Governor Crawford, an allusion to the sale of the Bank Stock owned by the State, but solemnly pledged as a fund for the educa tion of the poor; which allusion, taken with the connection in which he mentioned it, would seem to warrant an inference, that he would approve of such a sale. Mr. C. does not ad vise such a course, and the inference may do him injustice, being entirely foreign from his actual opinions. I sincerely hope it may be so, believing as I do, that any act which would deprive the poor of the benefits of this fund, small as it is, would inflict upon the best inter ests of the State, an injury which subsequent legislation, however wise, might not soon re pair. So far from a sale being the proper pol icy, it is confidently believed, that if the Legis lature now in session, instead of selling the stock and applying the proceeds to other pur poses, should double the amount, and apply the proceeds of the whole, to the specific ob ject to which the present amount is pledged, the true iiiicrests of ilio St«to would be munh advanced, and as general satisfaction given, as by any other course whatever. Against such a course as this, the only good reason which the writer has heard seriously advanced, and this only by a few, is, that those funds do not accomplish the objects of the law ; they do not produce much good. This objection may be true to some extent, in some sections of the State, but as a general thing, it is certainly very far from being true. Os this, any one will be convinced, who will take the trouble to observe how many poor children, by the aid of this fund, have already learned to read and write, and how many, too, have acquired even the rudiments of a pretty general business educa tion ? The number would, I have no doubt, surprise any one who has not given much at tention to the subject. Bat even if it were true, that the funds do not secure the objects of the law, still the objection lies not against the appropriation itself, but against the unwise, unequal and unjust modes of its practical ap plication. Some of these inequalities in the modus operandi of this fund, I proceed to point out. The present Poor School law, differing as well as degenerating from one of its predeces sors, establishes the rate of tuition in all schools of every grade alike at five cents per day, which, under the present arrangement of schools generally, in regard to the length of their school terms, or sessions, amounts to eleven dollars per year for each scholar, without any regard to the value of the services rendered by teachers, but paying as much to the most igno rant as to the most able, thus making no dis tinction. when in reality the values of their ser vices are as different as things can well be. Or rather I should say, the present law pays a high er price, proportioned to value, for worthless than for able teaching; in all cases graduating the price of the services in exact proportion to their worthlessness, and in all cases, paying the highest prices for the most worthless services. But it may be asked, how can this be, since the same price is paid to all, and all are thus placed exactly on an equal footing ? I answer, the in equality of the law is not in the amount which it pays for the services, but in the quality of the services which it pays for with equal amounts. Just in the same way, as if you should buy two horses, one from each of two different men— one worth twenty-five, and the other one hun dred dollars,-and yon, for the purpose ofplacing both owners on an equal footing, should pay fifty dollars to each. Now one man would re ceive half the worth only of his horse, while the other would receive double the worth ofhis.— Who does not at once see, that the the less valuable horse, receives the better pay; and if his horse were less valuable, that his pay would be still better ? This is the condi tion of teachers under the practical operation of the present Poor School law, since there is as much difference in the value of services ren dered by teachers of different abilities, as in the value of horses, or any other thing which be comes the subject of bargain and sale. The services of one teacher are valued by the com munity in which he teaches, at twenty-four dol lars per year for each scholar; those of another at eight. Now pay eleven dollars to each, and one receives less than halfthe worth of his ser vices, while the other receives three dollars more than the whole value of his. Thus the ignorant teacher, under the operation of this law, receives an actual bounty for his igno rance, of three dollars per scholar ; while the man who renders able and skilful serv ices, suf fers a penalty of thirteen dollars for the skillful instruction of these poor children. This is what in Georgia we call encouraging and fos tering education! Well, we Georgians are sometimes guilty of unaccountable action, and this is evidently one ofthe cases. But the Poor School law operates very une qually in another respect. Teachers in cities and villages receive the same rates of tuition as those in the country; but their necessary expenses are much greater, so that from an equal amount of tuition paid to each out of this fund, the teacherin tMe country realizes a much larger profit, than the city or village teacher. In view, then, of these facts I iiazard nothing in pronouncing the present Poor School law unwise, unequal and unjust. It is, in fact, the worst of all the bad laws which we have had on the subject of Poor Schools. If a stranger, unacquainted with the general character ol teachers in Georgia, should form his opinions of them from this notable law, looking to the guards, the restrictions, and I may add, the stringencies which it imposes upon teachers, he would be very apt to form very unfavorable opinions of their honesty and fidelity; unless perhaps, the partiality of the law in favor of the most ignorant class of teachers, might in duce the belief, that this class alone enjoys the confidence and favor of the Legislature. It seems to me no very difficult task, to frame a law on so plain a subject, which would ac complish the objects of the Legislature, to the extent of the small sum set apart for these ob- ■ jects, and which, at the same time, would ope rate equally on those who are to he affected by its execution. 1 had intended to suggest the leading features of a law, which would better ’ accomplish the designs ofthe present law, but having reached my limits, I must postpone the suggestion to a subsequent communication. T. O. f Substance of a Letter addressed to Bish op Elliott, by a Citizen of Georgia. , The people of the South are beginning to enter with i spirit into the manufacture of cotton, and look for ward to the day when, by a better division of labor, they may throw off the poverty which exclusive at- I tention to a few staple articles has brought upon them. | But to an enlightened mind it is evident that national > prosperity, to be permanent, must be based upon the ■ intelligence of the people. But the ignorance of a large number of our white citizens has always been a source of mortification to our friends and of triumph . I to our enemies; for the thinness of our [topulation has " i ever been an insuperable obstacle to any effort for the general diffusion of knowledge. It seems, however, that the “ Factory system” may be made subservient to the interest of the rich, whilst to the poor, it may become beneficial in a degree as much greater, as moral and intellectual wealth is superior to the wealth that perisheth. Labor, lumber, and water-pow’er are cheaper at the South than at the North. Admitting that the differ ence will pay for the transportation of the machinery from abroad, with us a Factory of 5000 spindles spin • ningNo. 14 yarn, with the machinery necessary to make the same into cloth, will cost at the Lowell es timate of S2O per spindle SIOO,OOO Stock in trade, boarding houses, &c 50,000 $150,000 And will require 2 whippers with 2 hands at 50c. nr. diem $24 p. mth. 4 pickers “ 2 “ “ “ * “ 24 “ 42 cards “ 6 “ “ 66| “ 96 “ 5 sjieeders “ 5 “ “ 41§ “ 50 “ 6 stretchers t: 6 “ “ 411 “ 60 “ 40 throstle frames 26 “ “ 23* “ 208 “ 6 warping framesG “ “ 33j “ 48 “ 9 dressers 9 “ “ 10J “ 216 “ 150 looms 75 “ “ 50 “ 900 “ drawers in hands 3 “ “ 50 “ 36 “ Total hands 140 wages for 4 weeks $ 1,662 For the year 21,706 The wages of 140 hands as paid in a Rhode Island ill, will amount to $21,706, being an average of $155 per annum per hand, being a little less than $3 a week exclusive of board. In Lowell, the aver age wages for five years exclusive of board was for women and girls $2.17, men $4.86 per week, or for women at the rate of $3.42 per week, board included. In the States of Rhode Island and Massachusetts, boys are considered by most, as good, and by many, as better hands than women, and are not altogether employed because they cannot be hired for as low wages. In Rhode Island and Massachusetts the Fac tory life is considered the most favorable to health, and not the less s< ', under proper management, to morals. In Rhode Island, boys are employed from 9 years old, upward, and some commence earlier. In Mas sachusetts the law makes null owners liable to a fine for taking boys under fifteen years who have not been at school three months in each year. To avoid diffi culties the Agents at Lowell will not employ them at all under that »ge. The opinion of all who have been questioned on the subject, including owners, agents, overseers and oper atives —some of whom have been Lawyers, Mer chants and Doctors, and many themselves operatives from an early age, is without exception in favor of the proposition, that boys can work in factories , pay for their schooling, hoarding , lodging , audreturn as much money to their employers as other opera tives, employed and paid as usual. A factory of 5000 spindles then, might be worked by 140 boys, between the ages of 10 and 21. It would require, morever, a general agent, four over seers for the carding, spinning, dressing and weaving departments ; two watchmen, a machinist, a black smith and an agent’s clerk. The wages of the whole would be about as follows : Agent $ 2,500 per annum. Clerk 500 “ 4 Overseers 2TKK) “ 2 Watchmen zSO “ 1 Machinist 500 “ 1 Blacksmith 300 140 Boys 21,706 " $27,756 Now if it were intended to give the boys a plain English education, and to prepare them for becom ing practical and intelligent cotton spinners and me chanics (for the time h»s past when mere hand work will do even at the South,) it would be necessary to divide their labor so as to give them at least three months of each year in the school. To do this, one third of the number otherwise necessary must be ad ded, that the mills might be kept steadily at work, for steady work is the life of all operations where the gains consist of the saving in small matters. Say then that the number of boys will be 190. Divide this number into the wages, $21,706, and we have for the value of the labor of each boy on an average $114.24. To conduct the educational department, reading, writing, geography, history, elementary mathematics, and mechanics, and also to supervise the boys out of the factory and during their hours of recreation and for their religious instruction, would be required : 1 Pastor, with a salary of SI,OOO 2 Teachers (500 each) 1,000 $2,000 Which gives for the education of each boy - • • • 10.50 Board at Lowell is $5 per month - •• • 60 00 $70.50 (I can testify that food and accommodations are good,) leaving for clothing, washing and mend ing $43.74 Total $114.24 The sum of $43.74 cents would be amply sufficient for clothing a boy in comfortable and decent clothes, for every practical man knows that clothes as well as provisions can be supplied to numbers at a much less cost than the same individuals separately could obtain them at: thus a sutler would feed well at S4O a head, two hundred men, who would be unwilling to main tain one at S6O. So that with ordinarily good man agement, there would be a small sum, say SIOO, to pay to each boy at the expiration of five years, as a premium to the well behaved. This would be an in ducement to many to enter and remain when once entered for the full five years, which would be neces sary for them to engage in the Factory ; or the payment of S2O per annum, to many laboring parents, would induce them to consent to the employment of their children in factories, when no consideration of a boy’s advantage would be of any weight with them. The value to the State at large of an Institution which would turn out annually forty intelligent and practical cotton spinners, cannot be questioned, nor will many be disposed to dispute the advantage of ed ucation, morals and industrious habits, to the indivi dual, but it may be asked if there are any advantages which should induce capitalists to invest their money in factories so conducted ? Admitting that such can derive no pleasure from the consciousness of doing good, which every day’s experience contradicts, there are other considerations of some weight. One of the greatest difficulties in the way of the Northern man ufacturer is the unsteadiness of his operatives, ani such will be the case with us, perhaps in a much greater degree, when the demand for factory labor becomes greater than it now is. Employing boys for five years on condition that they received nothing but their food, clothing and education till they regularly graduated, would hold most of them steadily to their occupation, and thus secure a greater profit on the investment. Again, as there would be no call for money, but at stated periods, say at the end of six months, the agent will not be obliged to keep on hand a quantity of idle capital. And last, but not least, there will be a feel ing created in the public mind strongly antagonistic to that which is so strenuously advocated by dema gogues and knaves for their own little purposes. It will gradually produce the conviction in the minds of the poor that the rich are not their enemies, that the common wealth can be used for the common benefit, without interfering with private rights, and thus tend to keep away that state of society which itt a more remote age may bring on a war of classes. Many sys tems have risen and fallen with their projectors; for they depended on individual energy and enterprise, but in this plan there is nothing different fronn the Factory system generally, save in the method of paying the operatives. All success, it is true, depends upon the character of the chief agent, and even the first abilities in him, may be cramped or rendered ineffective by a stupid or dishonest directory. But no Factory can succeed at the south or elsewhere unless agents and directors are honest and business men. The salary proposed above is quite enough to secure the first abilities of the kind, whilst it is not greater than would be required by one capable of raanageinga Factory ofsooo spin dles, with any other labor. R. W. 1). For the Chronicle Sf Sentinel. Tile Auburn Illumination* Messrs. Editors :— I have just seen the article of the “Savannah Georgian, ” in which the Whigs of Auburn are charged with having illuminated their houses, on hearing the late rumor of the death of Mr Polk. The Whigs of Auburn claim no special ex. eruption from that base system of detraction, to whir-j' their Whig brethren generally are daily subjected 1 and had this charge been confined to the colu mn9 0 r the “ Muscogee Democrat, ” that wastepipe f or the malignity ofits Editor, it never would have provoked a denial. But it is a matter of astonishment and re i gret that the “ Georgian ” and the “ Conslkutiol alist, ” two of the leading Democratic prints us Q eor gia, should have become the retailers of the infuu slander to which they have given currency. The “ Georgian" appears to regard this **illurni , nation as a special God-seud, and its excited imucxi nation sees vast accessions to its party, on accoiiritVf 1 this great infraction of the laws of humanity. But nn fortunately for the cause of the “ Georgian ” u Whigs of Auburn are not so lost to all the decencies of life, as its elaborate and studied article would indi cate. That article though, has served several i poses. It h*3 reached many who will never see h refutation. It has shown with what ability the Edi tor can improve the occasion of an “illumination ” and the facility with which he can be hoaxed. If, however, the “ Georgian” and the “ Consti tutionalist ” will hereafter examine rumors a little more attentively, they will be spared the mortification of becoming victims of the mischievious wag, or de signing knave. A Citizen of Auburn. , Auburn , Macon Co. Ala., .Vor. 17, 1847. Donations to Ireland. It appears from a statement in the American Al manac, that the amount cf donations sent from this country to the relief of the destitute in Ireland consid erably exceeds a million of dollars. The ports from which the contributions were shipped, and the amounts are stated to he as follows :—Boston, $174 Q 47 on*. Philadelphia, 80,284 38; New Y r ork, 182.450 13- Baltimore, 21,090 00; Washington, 10,300 00; Rich mond, 15,000 00; New Orleans, 50,000 00; Louis ville, 9,670 14; Cincinnati, 30,385 00; Providence R. L, 6,377 00; Salem, Mass., 3,438 97; New Bed ford, Mass., 3,847 60; Nantucket, Mass., 2,180 69- Vigo county, Indiana, 1,441 65 —total $591,313 29’. Add the contributions transmitted from Pittsburg and Charleston, not included in the above, 60 total $651,712 09. The returns are not yet complete. The whole amount is exclusive of the private remittances from the United States, which, from our Irish citizens alone reached the aggregate of $536,058, between Novem ber 1, 1846, and October 1, 1847. Including all the donations, in kind and money, private and public, for the year, the total value cannot fall far short of a mil lion and a half of dollars. There were donations from various lawns and cities in the interior of Georgia and Ala bama, shipped from Savannah and Mobile, which are not included in the above estimate. Eds. Chron. & Sent. Harbors on the Pacific. —ln a letter to Asa Whitney, Esq. from Captain Wilkes, who commanded the exploring Expedition, we find the following statement: “ Every one is satisfied with the facilities the harbors on our Eastern seaboard offer com merce. However great they may be, they do not exceed those offered by the Straits of Juan de Fuca, Admiralty Inlet, and Puget’s sound on the Western coast. These lam minutely acquainted with, and they are not surpassed by any, and large enough to accommodate the navies of the world, and fit receptacles for the commerce of the East, which I cannot doubt will, one day, and that not far distant, flow into them.” If this statement be true —and we suppose its accuracy is unquestionable—why is it so ab solutely important that we should insist upon obtaining California, for the purpose of secur ing another port on the Pacific? We inquire for information. —Richmond Whig. Special Notices. An Election will take place at the several places for holding Elections in the county of Rich mond, on the first Monday in January, fora COUNTY SURVEYOR. JESSE KENT, j. 1. c. r. c. VALENTINE WALKER, j. 1. c. r. c. JAMES HARPER, j. 1. c, R. c. IGNATIUS P. GARVIN, /. 1 c. R. C. n 25 WM. P. BEALLE, j. 1. c. r. c. Medical Card.--Doctor MEALS tenders his professional services, in the various branches oi medicine, to the citizens of Augusta and vicinity. He may be found either at the office formerly occu pied by Thos. and J. J. R. Flournoy, Esqs., on Mclntosh-street, or at the residence of Mrs. Water man, on Broad-street. dl-6m* Sands’ Sarsaparilla.--The following let ter from one of the most eminent Physicians in the city of Baltimore, is presented with a view of showing the opinions of Physicians generally in relation to this valuable medicine—many others of a similar tenor have been received from several of the most distin guished Physicians throughout our country ; Baltimore, Feb. \th, 1843. —A. B. & D. Sands, Gentlemen : I have used your extract of Sarsaparilla since its introduction into this city. It gives me plea sure to stare that 1 have found it to answer my most sanguine expectations. I believe it to be the best pre paration of that valuable article now in use. With much respect, yours, John Whitridge, M. D., 46 Gay-street. ffjf* Prepared and sold, wholesale and retail by A. 13. & D. Sands, Druggists, iOO Fulton-street, New- York. Soldalsoby Haviland, Risley & Co., and by Druggists generally throughout the United States. i J riccsl per bottle. Six bottles for five dollars. dlO-d&w Ij'One of our Agents at Athens, Ga., has sent us the following letter with permission to publish the same. Truth is mighty and will prevail : Athens, August 24, 1846. — Mr. A. Alexander, Dear Sir : Having been afflicted for more than ten months with Chronic Inflammation of the Lungs—at times very severely —and having adopted many medi cines without any but temporary relief, 1 purchased about three bottles of Wistar’s Balsam of Wild Cher ry ; from the effects of which I obtained more relief than from all the medicines I had ever taken for that distressing disorder. I have by the repeated use of this valuable Balsam been more free from pressure for breath and oppression on the lungs than I had an ticipated —and indeed, conceive that I will be cured by continuing its use, of this most disheartening mul ady. Ido most cheerfully tender you this acknow ledgment, which you will use as your judgment dic tates. Rodney Burke. None genuine unless signed I. Butts on the wrapper. F sale, wholesale and retail, by Havi land, Risll . fit Co., Thos. Barrett & Co., and Druggists generally in Georgia. dlO-tw&w (Eanblbates for (Office. Ij 5 We are authorized to announce ALEXANDER PHILIP as a candidate for the office of Receiver «f Tax Returns for Richmond county, at the election in January next. d!5 |j=We are authorized to announce Major ISHAM THOMPSON as a candidate for re election to the office of Receiver of Tax Returns for Richmond county, at the ensuing election. dlO We are authorized to announce MIDDLETON SEAGO, Esq., a candidate for the office of Tax Collector of Richmond county, at the en suing election. Mr. Editor:--Please announce LER<-D H. MURPHEY as a candidate for Tax Collector of Richmond county in January next, and you will oblige dl* Many Voters. are authorized to announce PETER BOISCLAIR as a candidate for the office of ax Collector of Richmond county. fWe are authorized to annou»“ ROBT. A. WATKINS as a candidate for re-election to the office of Tax-Collector of Richmond county. W© are authorized to announce JAMES McLAWS as a candidate for Clerk of d‘ e Superior and Inferior Courts of Richmond county n26*
